What is the best way to insulate the floors on the first floor? We effectively insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor

Insulation of a concrete floor is very important for creating comfort and warmth in the house, especially if the apartment is located on the ground floor.

But wooden floors sometimes also require insulation.

For example, in a private house, no matter how well the coating is made, it does not provide a complete guarantee of heat retention, which means it will not be possible to save on heating.

The systemic heat exchange of a house or apartment largely depends on the floors, since they are the place of large heat loss.

Concrete is durable and has excellent performance, is popular for flooring, but it has one serious drawback - the material is very cold. If it is installed in a residential area, then high-quality thermal insulation is required, otherwise any heating will not be effective.

A cold floor means uncomfortable indoor conditions and significant waste of energy for heating.

In addition, in the absence of insulation, dampness can form in a ground-floor apartment, which is usually located above an unheated basement, and as a result, mold can form on the walls.

All this can be avoided with a high-quality insulating structure.

The job of insulating a floor is not impossible. In the presence of necessary materials and tools, any owner can handle it independently.

Which insulation is better to choose?

There are several types of insulation, produced in the form of blocks, bulk materials, rolls and even in liquid form. Each of them is quite suitable for insulating the cold floor of the first floor.

Mats and slabs

Insulation of this type has low thermal conductivity and light weight; they are ideally suited for insulating the concrete floor of the first floor.

They can be used in conjunction with thin roll materials, which increases the overall thermal insulation.

Insulation in the form of mats and slabs is made from polystyrene foam, mineral wool, basalt fiber, based on polystyrene foam and other composite materials.

Since ancient times, mats made from plant fibers, such as straw, have been used to insulate floors in private homes, which is an excellent environmentally friendly insulation material. The only negative is that organic matter decomposes over time.

Bulk insulation materials

Bulk materials include sawdust, foam chips, slag and others.

They are used for insulating floors in ground floor apartments, as well as in private houses.

The advantage of bulk insulation is that it completely fills the space between the sheathing bars.

This material is suitable for placement on open ground under the floor in a private house, and in apartments with an unheated basement below.

Roll materials

Foamed polystyrene, mineral wool, cork or cork-based composite mats, multilayer foil insulation, etc. are produced in the form of rolls.

Some of them have a small thickness, and therefore will not fully cope with the task of retaining heat - they are good to use in addition to thicker insulation.

Rolled mineral wool, 7-10 cm thick, is an excellent thermal insulator, so it is quite suitable for insulation.

Liquid insulation

Cement mortars mixed with foam chips, wood shavings, expanded clay and other light airy materials are used as liquid insulation materials.

A modern version of liquid insulation is a polymer with a foamed structure - penoizol. To work with it, special equipment is used, with the help of which the cavities between the sheathing guides are filled with material.

How to properly insulate a concrete floor?

When calculating floor insulation, it is necessary to take into account the significant load to which all layers of the structure will be subjected.

For different types floor insulation material is slightly different from each other, but the insulation system common to all floors consists of laying materials in the following sequence:

1. The base is a concrete slab.
2. Waterproofing layer.
3. Wooden sheathing.
4. Insulation placed between the sheathing guides
5. (its sheets are spread overlapping by 15-25 cm and glued with special tape).
6. If the insulation has the thickness of the sheathing, a counter batten is nailed to it, which will create a gap between the insulation and the subfloor, allowing ventilation.
7. Subfloor (thick plywood or board).
8. Additionally, under the rough floor, rolled thin insulation can be used, which is spread over the sheathing.

The method of insulating floors is easy to understand by looking at the graphic diagram below.

Features of insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in a private house and apartment

The insulation of concrete floors in a private house and apartment differs in some nuances, but the principle of insulation is basically the same.

If you are insulating the concrete floors of a private house that does not have a basement, you will have to resort to using several materials.

Naturally, it is better to calculate the thickness of the insulation in advance, during the construction of the house, but if the insulation is carried out in a finished room, it is necessary to prepare the base. The same thing is done in the apartment:

1. For this purpose it is removed decorative coating and a thorough inspection of the concrete slab is carried out for cracks and chips.
2. The slab is cleaned, and all identified defects are eliminated using concrete or ready-made repair mortar.
3. After it hardens, it is advisable to treat the surface with a strengthening impregnation - sealing.
4. Next comes the installation of waterproofing - this process is important both for the floor of the first floor of an apartment and a private house.

The waterproofing layer can consist of a polyethylene film, which should extend 15-20 cm onto the walls, or a special water-repellent primer applied to the floors and lower parts of the walls deep penetration.

If in an apartment the sheathing (joists) can be laid directly on the waterproofing, then in a private house it is better to raise it by 5-7 cm.

Raised floors above the concrete slab will allow for a thicker layer of insulation material to be laid.

To do this, pieces of timber 5x5x15 cm are laid on the waterproofing, under which it is necessary to lay small pieces of roofing material.

1. Logs are laid on the bars and the entire structure is secured to the concrete base.
2. Next, in a layer of 12-15 cm, you can lay bulk insulation, for example, expanded clay in dry form or with the addition of liquid cement mortar. In the latter case, after filling the space, you must wait until the layer hardens.
3. Slabs are laid on top of it or roll version mineral wool, which has low thermal conductivity, and is an ideal floor insulation for both a private house and an apartment. In addition to it, you can use polystyrene foam or liquid insulation - penoizol.
4. The top layer of insulation should be approximately 5 mm below the joist level.
5. The mineral wool is covered on top with a vapor barrier film, which is attached to the joists using staples.
6. The last stage of insulation is the installation of a subfloor, which can consist of boards or thick plywood - this will depend on what finishing coating is chosen.

It is worth noting that if it is assumed, then the rough coating may consist of two layers: boards and plywood.

How best to insulate the wooden floor of the first floor

Wooden floors in modern multi-storey buildings are no longer suitable, but they are often found in old buildings and in the private sector.

The tree itself warm material, but has the peculiarity of drying out over time, as a result of which cracks form in the floors through which drafts penetrate into the apartment or house.

Such floors require insulation work:

• To do this, it is necessary to lift the existing old covering. If it is in good condition, it can be installed back after the insulation process.
• After removing the boards, the logs are inspected and, if necessary, replaced with new ones. Then they are treated with antiseptic antifungal agents and given time to dry.
• Insulation is laid or poured onto the base of the floor.

  If the logs are high enough, you can arrange two layers of insulation, the bottom of which will be bulk, and the top will be made of foam plastic or mineral wool slabs.

• The next step The insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film, and a floorboard is laid on top.

When building a house, it is better to insulate wooden floors immediately, observing all technological rules. The diagram clearly shows the layers of insulated wooden floor, going in the following sequence:

1. House foundation.
2. Floor beams (joists).
3. Timber for subfloor.
4. Vapor barrier.
5. Rough floor.
6. Insulation.
7. On top of it is a waterproofing film.
8. Batten.

Insulation from the basement

If the apartment is located above a basement, it is possible to insulate the floor on its side.

Insulation can be installed on the ceiling of the basement under the apartment.

For this procedure Styrofoam will do, penoflex or mineral wool.

• The foam is glued to the basement ceiling using special glue. After it dries, all cracks between the slabs are sealed. polyurethane foam.

You can also insulate basement floors using mineral wool, but this will be more difficult and more expensive.

• The bars are fixed to the ceiling at a distance of the width of the mineral wool, minus 5 cm. This is necessary so that the insulation mats fit tightly between them.
• In order for the insulation to hold securely, fiberboard or thin plywood is reinforced on top of the logs. Along the edge of the structure, along the walls, all gaps formed are sealed with polyurethane foam.

For insulation work to be effective, you need to know several nuances on which the desired result will depend.

1. The first thing you need to do when starting to insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor is to examine the walls of the basement.

If cracks, chips, and possibly even holes are found on them, they must be repaired with cement-based solutions, polyurethane foam, or, if necessary, using brickwork.

Basement vents can be covered during the winter, but they cannot be completely sealed.

1. If insulation is being done in a private house, under which there is a basement, the floor should be additionally insulated and outside, i.e. attach the insulation to the ceiling of the basement.
2. You need to know that low-density foam has high thermal insulation properties due to its porous air structure.
3. We must not forget about installing a vapor barrier, which must be installed correctly, and be sure to glue the joints with special tape.
4. Do not completely close the holes ventilating the subfloor, otherwise condensation may form under the floor covering or on the insulation itself.

In order not to make any mistakes, before starting work, you need to study its technology, calculate all the necessary parameters in accordance with the chosen method of thermal insulation and the type of insulation material.

If your apartment is located on the ground floor, there is no need to postpone work on floor insulation. Sooner or later, cold and dampness will settle in the room, and along with them, fungus and mold will appear on the walls of the premises, and it will be very difficult to get rid of them.

The apartment on the ground floor is practical for families with small children, the elderly and the disabled. Residents feel increased humidity in the rooms from the floor. For a comfortable state in winter time The floors have been insulated for years.

What options are used?

• Waterproofing is done on the basement side.
• They insulate the inside of the rooms.

Concrete plates the bases serve as the ceiling in the basement, which has a complex communication system. They absorb moisture vapor from them. In agreement with management company action plan, insulation and waterproofing of concrete are carried out. This will partially protect the first floor from fumes and drafts coming from below.

The process of work in the apartment begins with waterproofing the concrete base. The list of further actions depends on the type of final flooring.

Step-by-step insulation of the basement ceiling

• Clean the ceiling base to reinforced concrete.
• Rub the cracks with a solution of cement and sand in a 1:1 ratio. By adding liquid glass to the composition, this effect is enhanced.
• Plaster with a solution of cement and sand in a ratio of 3:1. The amount of binder component (water) depends on their viscosity and temperature regime. The solution is mixed in small portions, avoiding rapid hardening. To enhance adhesion, apply the first layer with a trowel, adding mixture to it and leveling it.
• Using liquid rubber, as waterproofing, they receive a reliable primer and plaster at the same time.
• Provided that the room is cold, foam sheets are glued to the ceiling. The seams are filled with polyurethane foam.
• Finish the work with film. It is attached to the walls.

• Electric wire heaters.
• Warm floors from hot water.
• Mats and slabs made of environmentally friendly material.

Preparing the subfloor in an apartment

• Floor insulation work is carried out directly on the cleaned reinforced concrete slab. Bulges and dust are removed from it.
• Before screeding, the surface is moistened with a solution of cement and sand, in a ratio of 1:1. This will ensure rapid adhesion of the mixture to concrete.
• Rub the cracks around the perimeter and cracks throughout the entire area. This is done before applying primers that ensure contact of the leveling mixtures with the floor.

Base primer

Polyurethane

The second name of the composition is epoxy primer, which has the ability to penetrate deeply into concrete. Apply the component to the screed with a roller. Work along the perimeter of the base with a brush. No spaces allowed. This type of primer effective for adhesion to self-leveling floors (self-leveling), prevent the formation of fungus and moisture penetration.

Concrete contact

This is an acrylic composition with quartz sand. Apply with roller and brush. After priming, a rough surface is formed on the base, ensuring tight contact with the subsequent layer. Acrylic in the composition makes the film resistant, preventing moisture from entering the concrete. After 4 hours, from the moment the composition is applied, the next stage of insulation begins.

Sequence of filling and leveling

To carry out work efficiently and with less time, use ready-made compositions. The most practical are self-leveling self-leveling floors. Before applying them, the height of the beacons is determined by level, they are attached every 60 centimeters over the entire area and perimeter. The reinforced mesh is stretched along the established marks. A film is attached to the points of contact with the wall, protecting it from moisture from the filling composition.

They begin to level the floor from a blank wall, moving towards the door. The surface of the composition is compacted with a needle roller. This method ensures complete removal of air bubbles. Having finished the work, cover the base with cellophane film until it hardens completely. In its absence, the floor is periodically sprayed with water. After 3 days, you can move on to the next stage.

Useful video on pouring floors in an apartment

Warm floors from hot water

Installation of water heating is a step-by-step observance of the entire cycle from the beginning to the launch of the system into operation. The length of the pipe is determined by calculation, depending on the area of ​​the room.

Advantage

• Provides uniform heating of the entire floor.
• The pipes are hidden and do not change the aesthetic perception of the interior.
• Closed cycle hot water from central heating, is not reflected in total utility costs.
• Properly selected materials will not rust, which guarantees the system long term operation without leakage.

Equipment

• Metal-polymer or polymer pipes(preferably corrugated, bendable).
• Thermal insulation.
• Fastening elements.
• Manifold with fitting for connection to the battery.
• Damper tape attached to the wall along the perimeter, within the height of the structure.
• Reinforcement mesh.
• Aluminum plates.

The number of pipes required is calculated on the basis that 5 meters are laid per square meter, in increments of 20 centimeters.

Sequence of work

• Polyethylene is laid in two layers on the screed.
• The foil insulation is laid out overlapping with the metal surface towards the room. It will create a reflective effect from the heat, increasing its power.
• When placing materials without foil, such as penoplex, polystyrene, chipboard (chipboard), then aluminum plates with grooves for pipes are laid out over the entire area, keeping a distance between them of 20 to 40 centimeters.
• A pipe evenly distributed over the entire area (the graphics are arbitrary) is attached to the base.
• Its ends are connected to a water supply source.
• The entire structure is poured cement-sand screed, layer thickness from 5 to 15 centimeters.

Note:

• Grooves are made in chipboard for metal plates and pipes. The entire structure is covered with a two-layer film, on which the flooring is formed.
• Checking the tightness of the connection of the pipe to the central heating battery is done before pouring concrete. To do this, cold water is supplied under pressure exceeding the working pressure by one and a half or two times.

Useful video on installing a water floor

Infrared film electric floor

This type of heating is combined with such floor coverings as:

• Parquet.
• Laminate.
• Tile.
• Carpet.

Characteristic

IR – available in rolls. The polyester or polypropylene film contains carbon paste. Material divided into separate independent stripes, having a pronounced dividing line. Along the edge of each section is laid copper wire with silver coating. When current passes through it, it heats up and transfers thermal energy to the carbon filler. Reduce the width of the IR film along the edge between sections. Its thickness is up to 2 millimeters, with a width from 50 to 100 centimeters.

To connect to a power source, the following equipment and materials are required:

• Thermostat that controls the specified heating level.
• Thermostat that regulates the temperature.
• The remote control with which the program is set.
• Contact clamps and cable for connecting to a power source.
• Bitumen insulation.
• Pliers and screwdriver.
• Construction tape.

Technical safety requirements

• The film is protected by hydro- and vapor barrier on both sides, top and bottom.
• Do not connect the cable to the power source using the plug/socket principle.
• IR film does not overlap.

Stationary electrical connection is provided (a protective shutdown device with a power of 10 to 30 mA), this will protect against possible failure of the infrared heating elements.

The flooring should not fit tightly to the heating elements. The plinth is attached only to the base covering, allowing it to move due to heating.

Note:

• Lifetime heating film 20 years or more.
• IR is not filled with solution, it is covered with polyethylene when forming a hard floor covering. Before laying linoleum, plywood is laid on top.
• Having an even covering of wood, it is used as a base for IR, having previously been covered with foil material.

Installation sequence

• The infrared film is laid out in planned areas and attached to the floor using a stapler or tape along transparent edges that do not have a built-in wire.
• Recesses are made in the wall. Place the cable going from the thermostat to the thermostat.
• The places on the film in the connection area are thickened; for them it is necessary to create technological recesses artificially.
• The starting point of installation is located on the opposite side from the power connection points. Leave a free space of 20 centimeters from the walls.
• Connect the copper ends to the thermostat using the cable and contact clamps included in the kit. Secure with pliers and isolate.
• The clamp is placed between the film and the wire. The IR strips are connected near the wall. When extending them, wires of the same color are connected to each other, followed by insulation, and additional fastening with tape.
• The cable is routed inside the corrugation. It is sealed with a film, protecting it from moisture.
• After completing installation, check the functionality of the entire structure using a portable sensor.

Useful video on installing electric floors

Insulation with electric cable

Heating is provided for 30% of the area, this is enough for an apartment with a centralized supply of hot water. Composing cable layout, excludes places under the closet, wardrobe, bed and similar items. More often, this type of floor heating is done in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen, with a floor covering made of tiled material.

For dry rooms, energy consumption per square meter per hour is 120 W/, with high humidity - 140 W. For example, for a room of 6 m2 you need 720 W/hour.

The thermostat is placed at a distance of 30 centimeters from the flooring. If it is electronic, then you need to install it higher.

The cable is distributed evenly on the foil-insulating material over the entire area of ​​the site, observing a step of 20 to 40 centimeters. Withdrawn the ends are connected to the power source. Maximum length cable should not exceed 6 meters.

After checking the functionality of the entire system, it is flooded concrete mixture. Bubbles from the inside are removed using the rules for leveling the solution (needle roller).

Note: You can use an electric floor in mats, which will significantly reduce the installation time.

Useful installation video

Stone wool mats

This method is the simplest and most economical. It is used more often than others.

Installation sequence

• A two-layer polyethylene film is placed on the screed. The joints overlap and are secured with construction tape. The film should extend onto the wall along the entire perimeter, with a height no less than the thickness of the mat.
• A frame is laid out from beams, 50 cm high (equal to the width of the mineral wool layer).
• Mats are laid in the formed cells. The seams are taped with construction tape.
• The finished structure is closed reinforced mesh and filled with cement screed.

Expanded clay

• Cover the concrete floor with two-layer polyethylene.
• A frame is formed from beams.
• The cells of the frame are filled with its crumbs, and filled with a solution of cement and sand, a layer thickness of at least 5 centimeters.

Polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam

• The slabs are evenly distributed over the entire area onto a layer of waterproofing film.
• The joints are taped with construction tape.
• Cover with a vapor barrier film. Using foil material, the metal surface is directed towards the room.
• Cover the top with plywood 5 or 10 cm thick.

Izolon

Under hard floor coverings, it is recommended to lay foil material on the screed. It could be isolon. It's thin, but creates enough high level reflection of heat coming from the room.

Conclusion

All proposed types of floor insulation are recommended for residential premises. The proposed materials are environmentally friendly and do not harm health. Guided by the instructions for step-by-step work, and observing all the rules for hermetic seam connection c, the floor insulation on the first floor will be done correctly.

Updated: 02/25/2019

It will not only make your home more comfortable, but also significantly save on heating costs. The explanation is quite simple: if heat saving is low, then more resources will be required to maintain optimal temperature conditions. Moreover, contact with a cold floor can cause many diseases, which is especially true if small children live in the house, so thermal insulation of a concrete floor should be taken seriously.

The problem of cold floors on the ground floor is typical for both private houses and urban high-rise buildings. To properly resolve the problem, you need to find out the reasons for this situation:

• for private houses the reason often lies in poor quality/absent thermal insulation of the base;
• in high-rise buildings, a cold floor is a consequence of an unheated basement.

In the first case, everything is quite simple - you need to get rid of the cracks in the floor. For this purpose, the base is checked, and all detected cracks are sealed with polyurethane foam. Next, the floor is insulated using one of the possible methods.

Note! The ventilation holes that are located in the basement of the house must under no circumstances be closed, otherwise high humidity will lead to rotting wooden elements floor (such as, for example, lathing).

The ventilation hole cannot be removed or sealed tightly

And if everything is clear with private houses, then with city apartments everything is much more complicated. There are a number of possible insulation methods; let’s take a look at each of them.

Insulation with mineral wool. This material has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties. e properties, it is impervious to aggressive chemicals and high temperatures.

Thermal insulation with foam plastic. Among its advantages, it is worth noting low cost, good insulating properties and durability. Lightweight material, can be laid not only on concrete, but also on tiles, wood, etc.

Brand of foam boards	PSB-S15	PSB-S25	PSB-S25F	PSB-S35	PSB-S50
Material density, kg/m3	10-11	15-16	16-17	25-27	35-37
Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation, MPa, not less	0,05	0,1	0,12	0,16	0,16
Bending strength, MPa, not less	0,07	0,18	0,2	0,25	0,3
Thermal conductivity in dry condition at a temperature of 25 (+-5 degrees), W / (m * K), no more	0,037	0,035	0,037	0,033	0,041
Humidity of slabs, %, no more	1	1	1	1	1
Self-combustion time, sec, no more	3	3	3	3	3
Water absorption in 24 hours, %, no more	1	1	1	1	1
Service life, years (minimum-maximum)	20-50	20-50	20-50	20-50	20-50

Thermal insulation with plasterboard or fiberboard.

Using a "warm floor" system.

Insulation with expanded clay. Not the most reliable, but affordable option. It is characteristic that expanded clay can not only be used to fill the base, but also added to the concrete screed.

Insulation with expanded clay

Material	URSA	ISOVER	IZOVOL	IZOBEL	ECO WOOL
Thermal conductivity, W/m*°С	0,04	0,041	0,034	0,035	0,035
Operational density, kg/m3	11	11	35	28	35
Recommended layer thickness, mm	200	200	150	150	150
Cost of insulation, rub/1m3	1347,22	1470	1800	1270	1050
Cost of insulation, rub/1m2	269,44	293,8	270	187,5	157,5

Material selection criteria

When choosing insulation, you should pay attention to the main parameters.

SNiP 21-01-97. FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

Let's consider in what situations it is advisable to use each of the options, and also read the installation instructions.

Name of materials	Advantages	Flaws	Application area
1. Wood (sawdust)	cheap, environmentally friendly	rots, ignites	Old wooden houses
2. Expanded clay	does not burn	Ineffective, use lifting mechanisms, labor-intensive installation, heavy weight	Floors, attics, layered masonry
3. Foam plastics (penoizol, extruded polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene foam)	rigid, easy to install	for all foams: limited heat resistance and flammability; smoldering begins at 80 C; not environmentally friendly - release of cumulative toxins, poor vapor permeability - does not “breathe”, formation of condensation, mold. Foamed polystyrene foam has water absorption up to 900% and a short service life.	Walls, roofs, floors
4.1 ISOROC mineral wool (IzoLANt, IzoVent, IzoRuf V)		shrinks, clumps, fibers break and turn into dust, settles when moistened	layered masonry, ventilated facade, roof
4.2 Mineral wool ROCKWOOL (LightButts, KiwittyButts, RoofButts V)	non-flammable base, low thermal conductivity	shrinks up to 20%, after moisturizing up to 25%	Non-loaded structures, middle layer in layered. masonry, roofing
4.3. Minplate (P125, P75, PPZh-200)	non-flammable base, rigidity, ease of installation	binders and water-repellent components burn out already at 250 C; poor vapor permeability - does not “breathe”; formation of condensation, mold; humidification by 1% leads to a deterioration in thermal conductivity by 8%; large shrinkage, which leads to the formation of “cold bridges” in the seams of the insulation	layered masonry, roof, facade for plaster

Insulation with mineral wool

This method is optimal for city apartments in which the finishing coating is made of wood. The algorithm of actions should be as follows.

Stage 1: First, the old flooring is removed to leave a bare concrete base. If the coating is still good, then it is removed carefully, after numbering the boards (this is necessary to maintain order when re-laying). Next, all trash is removed working surface cleaned of dust and dirt.

Stage 2. In most apartments and houses, the floors are uneven, so it is recommended to level them, which will not only provide comfort, but also greatly simplify further work. Often a screed is used for leveling, although there are other, cheaper methods.

Note! As already noted, a cold floor can be a consequence of the presence of cracks and cracks in the base. Therefore, if any are found, they are carefully sealed.

Stage 3. After leveling, a vapor barrier material is laid, which can serve as an ordinary polyethylene film. The vapor barrier is laid with an overlap of 15-20 cm and extends onto the walls to the height of the future insulating layer along with the logs.

Stage 4. Next, logs are installed on the floor. It is advisable to do this in increments of at least 90 cm, since the smaller it is, the more even the load distribution will be. More specific step sizes are determined by the width of the mineral wool slabs and the area of ​​the room.

Note! The logs should be installed at the same pitch and securely fixed in the appropriate places.

Stage 5. After installing the logs, mineral wool is laid. To do this, it is cut according to the dimensions of the grooves and installed between the guides.

Note! The material should fit as tightly as possible to the guides, the presence of any gaps is excluded. This is quite simple to do: the insulation should be cut into strips, the width of which will exceed the pitch between the joists.

If the ceiling height is sufficient, mineral wool can be laid in two layers. But the second layer must be laid so that the joints of the first are in the center of the slabs of the second layer. Note that builders who are not conscientious often neglect this, since such installation requires a lot of time. But this is the only way to prevent the leakage of thermal energy.

Waterproofing is installed on top of the insulation.

Stage 6. The insulation procedure is completed by laying the finished floor. First, it is attached to the previously installed joists. durable material, necessary to distribute the entire load during operation. Drywall, chipboard or plywood can be used as such material. Next, the flooring is laid (in our case, marked boards) and the room is cleaned.

Foam insulation

Thermal insulation of a concrete floor with this material can be done in one of two ways:

• installation of foam plastic under a wooden floor;
• installation from the basement.

First, the basement is examined for communications that may prevent the installation of thermal insulation sheets. If there are no such communications, then you can begin installing the slabs from the basement side.

Stage 1. First, the required insulation area is determined. To do this, use a long tape measure to measure the distance between the load-bearing walls.

Stage 3. Then you can begin directly gluing the foam sheets, for which you will need:

• comb 10 mm;
• special dowels;
• glue-cement.

Note! Work can begin from any angle; if necessary, the sheets are cut. As a result, the gaps between them should remain, although minimal.

Stage 4. The foam plastic is puttied and covered with waterproofing mastic that prevents moisture absorption.

As for installation under a wooden floor, the procedure is practically no different from that described above (using mineral wool), and the only difference is the minor gaps mentioned above. Upon completion of the installation work, the gaps between the insulation and the joists are filled with polyurethane foam to form a continuous monolithic layer.

Using plasterboard or fiberboard

Another option for insulating a concrete floor is to install plasterboard sheets. Below is the sequence of actions.

Stage 1. First, the old floor covering is removed, the bare base is thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust.

Stage 2. If the surface is uneven, then the protrusions are smoothed and the recesses are filled with putty.

Stage 3. After this, a vapor barrier layer is laid with mandatory access to the walls to the height of the planned insulating layer.

Stage 4. The first layer of thermal insulation material is laid, the thickness of the sheets is in this case should be 1.2 cm.

Stage 5. Drywall is treated with adhesive mastic, after which the second layer of material is laid. It is important that the joints of the sheets in layers No. 1 and No. 2 do not coincide.

Stage 6. As soon as the adhesive mastic has dried, the surface is primed and puttied. Then the floor covering is laid.

Note! In order to compensate for the moisture/temperature expansion of the material, an edge strip is placed between the ends and the surface of the walls.

Video - The principle of laying drywall on the floor

If fiberboard sheets are used for insulation, the procedure will be even simpler.

Stage 1. The floor covering and baseboards are dismantled.

Stage 2. Sheets of insulation (grade PT-100 or M-20) are nailed to the pre-installed joists.

Stage 3. The fiberboard is covered with a floor covering - roofing felt or carpet. For fixation, it is advisable to use Bustilat glue.

Stage 4. Operation can begin after the glue has dried (usually this takes a maximum of 24 hours).

Covering the floor with fiberboard sheets (self-tapping option for fastening the sheets)

"Warm floor"

If there is not enough space in the room to lay thermal insulation material, then you can resort to alternative option– arrangement electric heating. “Warm floor” involves laying a heating cable, for which you should follow the steps below.

Stage 1. First, the old floor covering is completely dismantled.

Stage 2. Penofol is laid on the concrete.

Stage 3. Installation is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations

Stage 5. Once the concrete has hardened, the floor covering is laid on it.

Note! “Warm floor” provides the most favorable microclimate for the human body in the home, since both over-drying and overheating of the air are completely eliminated. The room will warm up evenly, therefore, convection currents will not form.

Use of expanded clay

Let’s say right away that this method is the least effective of all those given above, but you can also resort to it. One of the few disadvantages is that the screed will take quite a long time to dry - about 1 month. Obviously, filling with expanded clay can only be done where the height of the ceilings makes it possible to raise the floor by 15-20 cm.

This is also true in multi-storey panel-type buildings, in which the floors can hardly be considered warm, especially in winter.

Stage 1. The old coating is dismantled, the concrete slab is cleaned of dirt and debris.

Stage 3. Thermal insulation material is dry backfilled on top of the waterproofing. In order to ensure uniform backfilling and maintain a uniform level, beacons (wooden slats) are placed. The first beacon is installed 3 cm from the wall, the rest - parallel (the step depends on the length of the rule with which the level will be set).

Expanded clay is backfilled from the far wall towards the front door.

Stage 4. The surface of the insulation is treated with “cement laitance”, which will ensure more effective adhesion of the granules to each other. Preparing this “milk” is not difficult: pure water mixed with cement in a ratio of 4:1.

Note! Experienced builders It is recommended to insulate the floor with different fractions of expanded clay. So, for a city apartment you need to mix granules with a diameter of 5 mm or 10 mm with expanded clay sand.

A day after the insulation is leveled and secured with mortar, the surface is covered with a concrete screed.

Using Spray Polyurethane Foam

We’ll talk about this insulation technology separately, because it requires the participation of professionals - you can’t do it on your own, especially without the appropriate equipment. The material is laid in the form of foam having a cellular structure; the foam expands after application and forms a seamless monolithic mass. For application, a special machine is used - in it the liquid polymer is mixed with carbon dioxide at high pressure.

Stage 1. The concrete base is prepared - the old coating is dismantled, debris is removed (it can worsen the adhesion of the foam). It is characteristic that the floor does not need any leveling in this case.

Stage 3. To improve adhesion, the concrete base is moistened. Foam is applied between the joists, but it should be taken into account that in the future it will increase in volume.

Stage 4. The foam hardens for about 24 hours, after which the floorboard or any other floor covering is laid.

Note! Do not leave polyurethane uncoated for more than two to three days, as it may deteriorate when exposed to sunlight.

Video - Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor

As you can see, there are many ways to insulate a concrete floor, and when using each, both the characteristics of the base and the microclimate in the home are taken into account. But regardless of the chosen option, we hope that the instructions given here will help you get a truly warm and comfortable home. Good luck with your work!

A significant amount of heat can escape from the building through the ground floor floor. To minimize heat loss, and at the same time reduce the cost of heating a house, you need to perform high-quality and proper insulation surfaces.

There are several ways to implement the task under consideration. At the same time, to create a reliable thermal insulation layer, you can use different insulation materials. Familiarize yourself with the features of the most popular materials, choose the most suitable method and begin installing thermal insulation.

Popular thermal insulation materials and their features

Present on the modern construction market big choice materials whose characteristics and properties make it possible to use them for insulating the floor of the first floor. Each insulator has both a number of advantages and a certain list of weak qualities.

Mineral wool

Those. characteristics of mineral wool	Indicators
Density	115 kg/m3
Water absorption at full immersion, no more	1%
Average fiber diameter, no more	0.2 µm
Content of non-fibrous inclusions in the mass, no more	4,5%
Thermal conductivity at 283+1 K, no more	0.044 W/m*K
Shear strength, not less	50 kPa
Compressive strength, not less	100 kPa
Tensile strength, not less	150 kPa

The most popular material for insulating various structures is mineral wool. Among its main advantages are:

Main disadvantage– poor resistance to moisture, against the background of which there is a need to install a high-quality waterproofing layer, otherwise the insulation will collapse very quickly.

Mineral wool is produced in the form of slabs and mats, which makes it possible to choose the most convenient option for a particular situation.

Find out detailed information from our new article.

Styrofoam

No less popular thermal insulation material. Advantages:

• low thermal conductivity;
• small thickness and relatively light weight;
• strength;
• durability;
• resistance to mechanical damage.

Unlike mineral wool, polystyrene foam does not require such serious moisture protection.

If you have a sufficient budget, you can even buy foamed polyethylene. During the production process of this material, its surface is covered with aluminum foil, eliminating the need for additional waterproofing.

It is a cellulose-based insulation with various additives that help improve its fire-resistant and environmentally friendly characteristics. The structure is bulk material. Ecowool is very easy to install - just pour it into a pre-assembled sheathing and cover it with flooring.

A significant disadvantage of ecowool is its low resistance to moisture. Under its influence, the material very quickly loses its performance properties and collapses.

This insulation is rapidly gaining popularity. The basic performance characteristics of fiberglass are beyond praise. The material is excellent for insulating the floors of rooms located on the ground floor. Also among the advantages of fiberglass is its affordable price.

Choosing a method for arranging a thermal insulation layer

Before starting thermal insulation measures, you need to study not only the properties of the most popular insulation materials, but also become familiar with the features of their arrangement. Depending on the structure, materials are classified into:

• bulk;
• solid. This category includes roll insulation, as well as thermal insulation materials in the form of mats and slabs;
• liquid.

It is performed using the already mentioned ecowool, as well as the following materials:

• slag;
• crushed foam;
• sawdust

Bulk materials are convenient because they can be used to insulate even the most hard to reach places. The method is equally effective both in private houses and in apartments on the ground floor.

However, despite its effectiveness, bulk thermal insulation is not widely used, because more modern and easy-to-use insulation materials are available on the market.

Solid thermal insulation

Rolls, slabs and mats are most often used for insulation. Such materials have a relatively small thickness - on average up to 100 mm, so the living space when using them is reduced insignificantly.

Typical representatives of the category are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Mats made from natural plant fibers are also gaining wide popularity.

Liquid thermal insulation

Not a very common, but very effective method. The following materials are used:

The quality is in no way inferior to slabs, mats and rolled materials. However, to spray the compositions it is necessary to use special equipment, which is not in the best possible way is reflected in the cost of work.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Options for floor insulation and instructions for their implementation

The procedure for insulating the floor of the first floor will vary depending on whether there is a basement or basement below.

If there is a basement

If there is a house or basement, thermal insulation work should begin there. First, you must insulate the walls and ceiling of the basement. Secondly, before insulation, surfaces must be properly waterproofed. Otherwise groundwater leak through the walls and destroy the insulation.

If you do not want to dismantle the floor or intend to create the highest quality thermal insulation, use a method whose essence boils down to insulating the basement ceiling.

First step. Lay out and secure the moisture-proof film. Lay strips of film with a 10-15 cm overlap. Be sure to seal the joints with tape.

Second step. Nail the sheathing strips to the waterproofed surface. Select the width of the slats and the spacing of their placement in accordance with the parameters of the insulation used.

Third step. Lay slab or roll insulation into the space between the slats. To fix the thermal insulation, use wire or stuff cross slats.

Fourth step. Nail the flooring elements (boards or OSB) to the slats.

After insulating the basement, you can proceed directly to insulating the floor.

First step. Lay and attach the skull blocks to them.

Place on fixed bars wooden boards or OSB. The flooring should be such that there are no even minor gaps at the joints of the elements.

Second step. Cover the flooring with waterproofing film.

Third step. Place the selected insulation on top of the film. Nail the support joists to the base.

Fourth step. Make another deck from OSB or boards. The gap between the flooring and the insulation should be about 10 mm.

If there is no basement

If there is no basement or plinth, the work of insulating the floor will be easier and faster. If there are no mentioned premises, then the floor, as a rule, is located directly on the ground or on the foundation.

In such a situation, the insulation sequence will be as follows.

First step. Remove flooring, if present, to gain access to the foundation or soil. If the floor is made on the ground, carefully level the ground.

Second step. Spread a 10-15 cm layer on the base. This backfill will provide additional thermal insulation.

Third step. We lay the reinforcing layer. An ordinary chain-link mesh will provide the necessary rigidity. Place it on the base.

Fourth step. Make a new tie.

Fifth step. Cover the hardened screed with moisture-proofing film.

Sixth step. Nail the sheathing battens to the base.

Seventh step. Place the selected thermal insulation material in the space between the slats.

Eighth step. Install the deck boards and complete the finish to your liking.

Insulation option using a floor heating system

This technique is not insulation in the literal sense of the word, but it allows you to make the room much warmer. The system can be (film, cable) and water.

The easiest to install is a film infrared heated floor. To install it, simply level the base, lay out the film in necessary places and connect the system to electricity. The screed is not poured. The key advantages of such a system are the ability to install it under any finishing coating and ease of installation. Disadvantage - comparatively high price.

It is also relatively easy to install and can be combined with most varieties of existing floor coverings. There is no need to make a screed. The main disadvantage is the high cost of operation.

This system is the most economical and is the most popular. It requires preliminary arrangement of waterproofing of the base, laying special mats (it is best to use slabs with so-called bosses, since in this case you will not have to use additional fasteners) and subsequent pouring of the screed.

Thus, to insulate the floor of the first floor, you can use a wide variety of different materials and methods. Now you are aware of the features of each available option and can make the best choice.

Good luck!

Prices for heating cable and components

Heating cable and accessories

Video - insulating the floor above a cold basement

Video - Insulating the floor of the first floor

Often residents on the first floors apartment buildings facing the problem of icy floor surfaces in winter. Therefore, the relevant question is how to carry out thermal insulation correctly, what methods exist and what is best to use in a given situation. Practical recommendations How to choose the optimal insulation for the floor of the first floor, as well as instructions for doing the work yourself are designed to help solve this problem.

Materials to choose from

There are two types of coverings in apartment buildings: wooden and concrete. Depending on this, the appropriate type of insulation is selected.

Bases for warm floor coverings come in liquid, bulk, and also in the form of blocks and rolls. They can be used together with each other or separately.

Liquid

The insulation can be cement mixture filled with expanded clay, polystyrene foam or other materials. Currently, polymer penoizol is widely used.

However, in order to work with it, special equipment is needed.

Bulk

Insulation materials in this group include expanded clay, foam chips, and sawdust. They are suitable for insulating floors in apartments with an unheated basement.

Expanded clay is strong and durable, has low thermal conductivity. But, having chosen it as insulation, you need to take care high-quality waterproofing, since its granules absorb moisture well.

Block

They come in the form of slabs and mats of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and basalt fiber.

Polystyrene foam has low thermal conductivity, costs little and is environmentally friendly. But it is fragile, and when heated strongly, it melts, releasing harmful fumes.

A more modern version of polystyrene foam is expanded polystyrene. It has better density and does not burn. Sheets of such insulation are convenient because they can be used to install a heated floor, install a plank floor, fill a screed, and so on.

The most environmentally friendly material among blocks is vermiculite, which is obtained by processing mineral products.

However, it is by no means cheap and in order to save money, you can use its analogue, granulated vermiculite.

Rolled

Insulation materials are made in the form of rolls from polystyrene, cork, mineral wool and foil bases. When the thickness of the insulation roll type not enough, they are placed in two layers or used together with blocks.

Mineral wool, being a cheap insulation material, guarantees low heat transfer. But, you need to take into account that over time it can become denser, causing its properties to decrease. In addition, during installation, mineral wool crumbles and forms dust that is harmful to health, so it requires the use of a respirator and special clothing when working with it.

Concrete floor

Concrete is durable and therefore very often used as a floor. However, this material is very cold. Therefore, in those houses where it is used, careful thermal insulation is required on the first floors. Otherwise, any heating will not be able to warm up properly.

Apartment owners must do the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor with waterproofing, since dampness often forms in the basement, as a result of which, without appropriate work, mold will appear on the walls.

Instructions for carrying out work

The process begins by preparing the base. To do this, you need to remove the entire coating and check the slabs for cracks, chips and cracks. If there are defects, they are eliminated with a special solution based on concrete or cement. After the surface hardens, it is treated with a special impregnation that strengthens the layer.

Next, waterproofing should be done. Polyethylene film is quite suitable here. It should extend onto the walls by about fifteen to twenty centimeters. A special deep penetration primer will also cope with the task.

To install the insulation, a frame is made. To do this, beams are laid, and under them - pieces of roofing felt. Logs are placed on the bars, and the entire structure is attached to concrete.

After this, you can install bulk insulation alone or in combination with a liquid version. Mineral wool is placed on top of it in the cavity of the structure. You can also use foam or other material.

Then a vapor insulating film is laid, which is secured with staples to the joists.

The process ends with the installation of the subfloor. Depending on the type of finishing coating, it can be made of boards or thick plywood.

Wooden floor

Modern high-rise buildings no longer have wooden floors. But they can often be found in old-type houses.

Wood is a warm and environmentally friendly material, but over time it tends to dry out, causing gaps to form in the floor. And they cause drafts. Therefore, it would be correct to further process such coatings.

Insulation technology

To insulate the ground floor, you need to perform the following steps:

• dismantle the old coating, check and, if necessary, replace it, and if it is in normal condition, it can be put back in place;
• treat the surface with antifungal antiseptics and allow to dry;
• install insulation and cover it with a vapor barrier film;
• A board is laid on top of the surface.

Work from the basement

It is possible to insulate an apartment on the ground floor from the basement side. For this purpose, thermal insulation material is attached to the ceiling in the technical room. It can be polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam, which are simply glued on. Mineral wool is also suitable for this purpose. But attaching it will be more difficult. To do this you need:

• fix the bars a couple of centimeters thick than the insulation layer;
• lay mineral wool between the elements installed structure;
• Using a stapler, install a vapor barrier membrane on the surface
• cover the structure with plywood or fiberboards.

Heated floor system

This type of insulation is becoming increasingly popular. Thanks to it, the floor surface on the first floor will always be warm, the humidity in the apartment will decrease, and its microclimate will improve. The system is:

• electric, mounted in a screed or on top of a rough covering;
• infrared, from a special film installed under the final coating;
• water, when the liquid is constantly heated and pumped into the heating system.

It is best to lay such structures in a leveling screed. A water floor can also be used for wood flooring. But this will be more difficult to implement, since polymer pipes must be placed in the grooves made for them and covered with foil. The finishing is installed on top of the system.

Self-leveling floor

This coating is used not only as decorative, but also as insulation for the floor, especially on the ground floor. Special mixtures guarantee thermal insulation and waterproofing, as well as fire safety.

They are made from environmentally friendly pure materials, which you can install yourself.

Installation instructions

Before starting installation, it is important to properly prepare the base.

• whatever the rough surface - concrete, wood, ceramic tile or cement screed, you need to check it carefully;
• seal cracks, cracks, loose elements, dismantle and replace;
• clean the entire coating;
• sand wood and concrete;
• Prime the floor generously so that all pores are completely closed;
• a day after this you can start laying.

The prepared mixture is simply poured out of the bucket and leveled with a spatula. The entire room is covered at once to create a flat surface. At the end, to avoid the appearance of bubbles, you need to go over the entire coating with a roller with needles. Apply to dry floor polyurethane varnish.

In order for the floor insulation work in the apartment to be successful, you need to take into account some points:

• the basement walls are examined to identify cracks, holes and chips that must be repaired;
• Ventilation holes in the basement can be covered for the winter, but not completely;
• installation of a vapor barrier is required.

x-teplo.ru

Thermal insulation wisely: how to properly insulate the floor on the first floor

On the ground floor you almost always feel discomfort from the cold floor - no matter whether it is a high-rise building or a private building. Is it worth fighting this? Definitely. After all proper insulation Flooring will not only make your home more comfortable, but also significantly save money on electricity and gas bills. It is no secret that with poor heat conservation of “resources” to maintain optimal temperatures Much more will be spent. In addition, a weakly or not at all insulated floor of the first floor can become a source of many diseases - this is perhaps the main reason why you should definitely work competently on the thermal insulation of this surface. Contact with a cold floor is especially dangerous for young children who tend to run around barefoot.

Video instructions for floor insulation

The modern construction industry offers a variety of materials that can be used to insulate the floor of the first floor efficiently and effectively:

1. Foam plastic The main advantages of polystyrene foam are good thermal insulation, affordable price and durability. The material is suitable for installation on any type of surface - concrete, wood, ceramic tiles, etc.
2. Penoplex This is foamed polystyrene with low thermal conductivity, excellent sound insulation, and a long service life.
3. Expanded clay Insulating floors using expanded clay is one of the most affordable and reliable technologies. The material can be added either directly to the concrete screed or used as bedding.
4. Mineral wool The material has excellent sound insulation and heat insulation properties, resistant to high temperatures And chemical substances.
5. Gypsum fiber sheets The material is easy to use and non-flammable.

Today, manufacturers offer many options for floor insulation.

Preparation for thermal insulation measures

Insulating the floor of the first floor is an incredibly responsible job, so it must be approached with the utmost seriousness. Redoing “blunders” is difficult not only financially, but also physically. If you live in apartment building with a cold basement, it is necessary to determine which method of floor insulation will be the most appropriate - only internal, from the housing side, or also external, from the basement.

Take the time to go down to the basement and inspect the basement and concrete floor under your apartment for cracks, potholes, and crumbling elements. All defects found should be eliminated using cement-sand mortar, polyurethane foam, brickwork. Foam plastic or polystyrene foam boards can be glued onto the concrete slab from the basement side (a special adhesive is used for these purposes), and the gaps between them can be filled with polyurethane foam. Please pay attention to the fact that such “amateur activity” is not always welcomed by service organizations, so before starting insulation work in the basement, be sure to consult the appropriate authority.

First of all, the old floor covering is dismantled and the surface is thoroughly cleaned.

Concrete floor insulation technology

Insulation of concrete floors inside an apartment (house) with a sufficient “margin” of room height is recommended to be carried out according to the following algorithm:

• laying a waterproofing membrane on a cleaned base;
• installation of lathing on the floor made of bars as thick as a layer of the selected insulation (expanded polystyrene is preferable);
• laying thermal insulation slabs in the sheathing cells;
• laying a vapor barrier layer;
• installation of a subfloor made of plywood, boards, fiberboard or chipboard sheets;
• installation of the finishing coating.

This is how GVL is installed when insulating the floor.

It is better to choose foil vapor barrier, but dense polyethylene is also acceptable.

It is possible to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor or more in a simple way, resorting to gypsum fiber sheets. The technology for carrying out work in this case will be as follows:

• removal of old flooring (if any);
• elimination of all surface irregularities and cracks;
• waterproofing membrane decking;
• laying gypsum fiber boards (adhesive mastic is used to strengthen them better) in two or three layers so that the joints in the layers do not coincide;
• GVL putty and primer;
• installation finishing coating floor.

One of the most modern methods of insulating concrete floors is undoubtedly the installation of an “electric heated floor” system, consisting of the following stages:

• laying insulation on the prepared base;
• laying a layer of aluminum foil;
• styling electric cable;
• pouring screed;
• finishing surfaces.

Installation of heated floors on the first floor

For many owners who do not want to sacrifice the height of the room, the most acceptable way of thermal insulation is square meters underfoot is laying isolon, a modern material with a spongy structure. Insulating a floor with isolon is quite simple: to do this, it is enough to correct defects in the concrete floor, lay out the panels, and tape their joints with tape. And then proceed either immediately to the installation of the finishing coating, or to start arranging the subfloor.

How to properly insulate a wooden floor

To insulate a wooden floor in an apartment located on the ground floor, you must first remove the existing flooring (number the boards if you do not plan to replace them) and inspect the open space. If there is a waterproofing membrane, its integrity should be checked. Fill the defects found, lay mineral wool slabs between the joists, and install the boards in place.

Mineral wool is often used to insulate wooden floors

In old private houses, it is quite common to see wooden floors on joists laid on top of compacted soil. How to insulate it?

1. Remove the flooring.
2. Place waterproofing in between the joists.
3. Make a backfill with expanded clay.
4. Install a vapor barrier.
5. Lay insulation - mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
6. Place bars on the joists and then use them to build a wooden floor.

If you decide to abandon lag altogether, you will be faced with the following tasks:

1. Completely clear the soil surface.
2. If necessary, compact the soil.
3. Build a waterproofing layer - glassine and roofing felt are suitable.
4. Form a layer of sand and gravel mixture.
5. Add a layer of expanded clay.
6. Lay the reinforcing mesh.
7. Spray the expanded clay with cement laitance.
8. After it hardens, fill the screed completely.
9. Install a vapor barrier.
10. Set up the draft.
11. Install any wooden covering to your taste.

Insulating the floor of the first floor with expanded clay is one of the most affordable and effective methods

How much will it cost to insulate the floor on the first floor?

The cost of work on insulating the floor of the first floor directly depends on the selected material. Expanded clay and polystyrene can be considered the most affordable option.

Modern method of thermal insulation - the use of polyurethane foam

Do the above methods of thermal insulation of the floor on the first floor seem extremely difficult and not entirely reliable to you? Then your choice is insulation with sprayed polyurethane foam.

A layer of polyurethane foam as insulation has many advantages:

• low heat conductivity coefficient. Thanks to this, its height does not exceed 10 centimeters;
• high stability to exposure to steam and moisture. This eliminates the need to install vapor barriers and waterproofing;
• durability. PPU can effectively perform its functions for up to 60 years;
• excellent sound insulation properties;
• safety for human health.

Spraying polyurethane foam for floor insulation

Polyurethane foam is not subject to rotting, mold and other microorganisms never appear on it, and small rodents are indifferent to the material. And, perhaps, the most important thing is that polyurethane foam spraying is carried out in the shortest possible time - you do not have to stretch out the thermal insulation measures for a week. The final screed can be built directly along it.

The thermal insulation polyurethane foam layer is completely seamless - the appearance of cracks and cold bridges in it is excluded.

The importance of making the right choice

As you can see, there are many ways to insulate the floor of the first floor, but the optimal choice should be made based on an analysis of many factors (is it an apartment or a private house, the condition of the structures, the estimated budget, etc.). Only an experienced specialist should help the owners in this matter. By entrusting the floor insulation procedure to a professional, you can be sure that warmth and comfort will live in your home forever, and your feet will never freeze again. Agree, understanding that the money was spent on a truly tangible result is priceless!

teploguru.ru

How to insulate the floor in an apartment or private house on the ground floor - choice of thermal insulation and installation technology

Since energy resources are not cheap, we all try to insulate our homes. For this, different materials and different techniques are used. However, in order to insulate the floor on the first floor, it is necessary to take into account some nuances.

Technical features of the process

Insulation scheme for a wooden floor on the first floor

Before starting to process the base of a panel or brick house, you need to consider some features of the work:

1. Any material chosen for thermal insulation should be fixed outside the living rooms. Its choice largely depends on the type of basement and its purpose. Naturally, if the house does not have a basement, then it is necessary to insulate it from the inside.
2. Before starting work, you need to carefully inspect the room for holes and cracks in the ceiling and walls. If they exist, it is advisable to eliminate them.
3. Please note that styling vapor barrier film required.
4. Since the basements of every house have ventilation holes, they can be closed for the winter. Please note that this should not be done completely; some of the fresh air should get inside.
5. If you choose foam plastic for insulation, then you need to glue it without gaps. In this case, the joints can be additionally sealed.

Scheme of insulation of a concrete floor on the first floor

If you take these features into account, your apartment will be warm and cozy in winter.

What insulation materials are most often used?

So, in order to install thermal insulation, you should choose the appropriate material. You can insulate the floor of the first floor using the following products:

• Styrofoam. It has very low thermal conductivity and does not allow condensation to form. In addition, the material is low cost and relatively safe for health. However, despite the ease of installation, foam plastic is not always used in the apartment. The fact is that it is quite fragile when exposed to low temperatures. Please note that the influence of aggressive factors may reduce the quality of the material presented.
• Mineral wool. It is used to insulate floors in apartments quite often. This is dictated by the low price, low level heat transfer. However, it should be noted such disadvantages as questionable safety for health, the possibility of compaction under the influence of mechanical load (in this case, the properties of the material deteriorate).

• Vermiculite. This product practically does not accumulate moisture and is completely safe for health. The material is sold in bulk or in the form of slabs, the thickness of which ranges from 20 mm to 120 mm. Please note that vermiculite is an expensive product, although it is ideal for insulating floors in private houses and apartments.
• Polyurethane foam. This material is simply sprayed onto the base, creating uniform protection without gaps that could allow cold air to pass through. An ideal heat insulator, but the cost of its installation is steep.

You can also protect yourself from the cold with the help of a heated floor system.

Selection of material and preparation for installation

Before starting work, you need to purchase the material that will effectively protect you from the cold. If the floor of the first floor is insulated in an apartment, then everything depends on the type of floor covering, as well as the distance from the ceiling to the maximum possible floor level.

If you have a plank base and you do not plan to change it, then mineral wool is best suited. If there is a cement screed would be better suited expanded polystyrene. If thermal insulation will be carried out on the outside of the building, then a material with the most suitable technical characteristics. The insulation scheme for a private house is shown in the video:

Features of room insulation from the basement side

Insulation of the floor of the first floor in this case is carried out as follows:

1. Fix it on the ceiling wooden blocks, the thickness of which should be only a few centimeters greater than the thickness of the insulation.
2. Attach mineral wool or other selected material to the ceiling between the fixed beams.
3. With help construction stapler Attach a vapor barrier membrane to the structure.
4. IN last resort The frame is covered with plasterboard or plywood.

Insulating the floor from the basement side

The walls in the basement can also be insulated. Please note that the vapor barrier must be attached with an overlap (10-15 cm). You can connect the canvases with special tape. The film should also extend onto the walls. This will help to completely protect the insulation from the harmful effects of steam and moisture.

Features of laying insulation indoors

If in an apartment located on the ground floor it is not possible to make external thermal insulation, That protective material should be installed inside. Here the technology depends on the type of base. So, if the apartment is planned concrete screed, then installation of thermal insulation involves performing the following actions:

• Laying a waterproofing layer on the floor slab.
• Laying the selected thermal insulation. Please note that the sheet material must be laid so close to each other that there are no gaps.
• Installation of vapor barrier film.
• Laying reinforcing mesh over the rough base.
• Pouring concrete solution.

Sometimes the apartment, which is located on the ground floor, has a wooden floor. Installation of thermal insulation in this case has some features:

1. First you need to install the logs, maintaining the specified distance between them (approximately 40-50 cm). For this work, use wooden beams, the size of which is 70x50 mm.
2. Next, mineral wool can be laid in the gaps between the joists. This insulation is best suited for wooden floors. In addition, it is easy to install.
3. Arrangement of the rough foundation. To do this, you should purchase plywood or floorboards. Possible option with using chipboard. All materials must be moisture-resistant or impregnated with a special water-repellent agent.
4. Laying finishing cladding.

As you can see, the floor of any house can be insulated fairly quickly. At the same time, you do not have to hire craftsmen, since all the work can be done yourself. Follow the technology and have a successful repair. Leave comments, share your opinion and experience!

polprofy.ru

How to insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor with your own hands?

Almost all owners of apartments located on the ground floor are faced with the problem of cold floors. This is due to cold and unheated, and often damp basements. In such cases, it is necessary to insulate the floor of the first floor modern materials.

For this purpose quite a large number of various insulation materials and methods of their installation. In this article we will get acquainted with the most effective methods of how to properly and reliably insulate a concrete floor.

Insulation from the basement

The best solution is to insulate the floor slab on the basement side. In other words, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling in the basement, thus moving the cold and dew point away from the floor in the apartment.

To carry out such work, it is better to coordinate with the housing office. There are usually no problems with this. Having received such permission, you can begin thermal insulation work. The following methods are available for this:

• The simplest, inexpensive, but at the same time quite effective method is to insulate with foam plastic. The foam sheets are glued to the concrete base with liquid nails. At the end of the work, all the gaps remaining between the sheets should be filled with polyurethane foam. Since the basement is often damp, and polystyrene foam tends to become saturated with moisture over time, it is necessary to waterproof it. To do this, a thick polyethylene film is glued to the insulation sheets with the same glue. The edges of such waterproofing must be overlapped by at least 10–15 cm.

• You can spray polyurethane foam - one of the most reliable and durable insulation materials known today. After hardening, this material has high strength and excellent thermal insulation properties. Also, polyurethane foam does not burn and does not absorb moisture at all. The only disadvantage of this option is its rather high cost: spraying is carried out using special equipment and requires professional operator skills.

Advice! If you have insulated the concrete floor on the basement side, this does not mean that the floors in your apartment will automatically become warm. This technique only allows you to “push away” the cold. In any case, thermal insulation of the floor on the apartment side is necessary.

Insulation of the floor from inside the apartment

This method has a large number of materials used. Let's look at the main materials and their installation technology in more detail.

Mineral wool

This option works best if you have wood floors, but can also be used if you want to lay wood over a concrete base. Having chosen this option, you need to follow the following technology and sequence of work:

Advice! It is possible to insulate the floor of the first floor using this method using other heat insulators. For example, instead of mineral wool, you can use polystyrene foam. This material has slightly worse thermal insulation properties, but is cheaper.

Insulation with expanded clay

This method of insulating a concrete base in an apartment on the ground floor is perhaps the most popular. This is due to ease of installation, durability and high performance of the materials used. To insulate a concrete floor in an apartment located on the ground floor using expanded clay, you should follow this technology thermal insulation works:

• Old flooring, including cement screed, must be removed.
• Having carefully removed all debris, it is necessary to inspect the floor slab and repair any detected cracks, crevices and other defects with polyurethane foam or cement mortar.
• The next step is to lay thick polyethylene film as a waterproofing layer. Its installation is carried out with an overlap, and the seams must be taped on both sides.
• Now the entire floor surface can be covered with expanded clay. The thickness of the layer depends on the height of the ceilings. Here, the thicker the layer, the better its thermal insulation properties will be, but the minimum permissible layer of expanded clay is 10 cm.
• After backfilling, the expanded clay must be compacted. It is strictly prohibited to moisten the insulation!
• A reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the expanded clay and a cement screed is poured with a layer of 5 cm.
• The screed is carefully leveled and covered with polyethylene for proper drying.
• After the cement mortar has dried, you can begin installing the flooring: laminate, linoleum or other material.

Advice! For increase thermal insulation properties floor, in cement mortar at the stage of its preparation, you can add foam granules. This will significantly insulate the floor in the apartment.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This thermal insulation can be used in both floor insulation methods: with wooden joists and under the cement screed. Expanded polystyrene has almost ideal properties:

• low thermal conductivity,
• high density and mechanical strength,
• does not burn,
• practically does not absorb moisture,
• long service life.

When insulating a wooden floor, slabs of extruded polystyrene foam are laid between the joists, like any other material. The use of a waterproofing layer, despite the high insulation performance, is mandatory.

After laying and filling the cracks with foam, the heat insulator is covered with another layer of waterproofing. For these purposes, it is better to use penofol. Then the floor covering is installed: plywood, chipboard or boards. Insulation with expanded polystyrene under a cement screed is carried out as follows:

Advice! Electric heating cables can be laid on top of the thermal insulation material. After all installation work is completed, you will have truly warm floors that consume very little electricity.

Having studied all the options for how to insulate the floor on the first floor, given in this material, you need to choose the most suitable one in your case. Having some skills, you can do all the work yourself, without the involvement of expensive specialists.

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