What is the difference between guaranteed and uninterrupted power supply? Uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply system (sbge)

1.1. The need to create a system

The main problem that one has to face when deciding whether to install a diesel generator set (DGS) and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) at a facility is the provision of power supply in the event of a loss of voltage from the main supply network of category I consumers and category I consumers of a special group according to PUE.

Unfortunately, in practice, there are frequent situations where the equipment of a distribution transformer step-down substation (RTS 10/0.4 kV or RTS 6/0.4 kV) fails, failures in the area’s power grids, etc. Therefore, 2 inputs from the RTP, as required by the PUE, in practice are not enough and at such facilities there is a need to install a diesel generator station - guaranteed power supply, and uninterruptible power supply sources - uninterruptible power supply.

The guaranteed power supply system serves to provide electricity of the required quality (GOST 13109-87) to consumers of category I (PUE Ch. 1.2.17), in the event of a loss of voltage from the main supply network.

The uninterruptible power supply system serves to provide electricity of the required quality (GOST 13109-87) without breaking the sinusoid of the supply voltage to consumers of category I of the special group (PUE ch. 1.2.17).

2. Description of the solution

2.1. General information

guaranteed power supply to connected consumers;
automatic start (at least 3 attempts in total) of the diesel generator after 9 seconds when the parameters of the main external power supply network deviate beyond the requirements of GOST 13109-87 or its complete disappearance;
automatic load switching from the main external power supply network to the diesel generator and back;
issuing an alarm signal to the dispatcher's post in the event of an emergency event with diesel generator set equipment

uninterruptible power supply (without interruption of the supply voltage sinusoid) to consumers connected via a UPS; Fully adjustable output voltage.
pure sinusoidal output voltage;
high efficiency;
compatibility with diesel generators with a power reserve factor of no more than 1.3;
maximum protection against surges, surges, surges and power outages;
possibility of parallel connection of several UPSs;
possibility of autonomous load support for 20 minutes;
the possibility of uninterrupted switching of the load to power from an external power supply network through the built-in and external bypass;
galvanic isolation of input and output circuits;
remote monitoring and control of UPS parameters.

2.2. Solution structure

Depending on the power supply requirements of consumers, they are used different variants construction of power supply circuits. Let's consider several options.

2.2.1. Using a guaranteed power supply scheme on site

If at a facility only a diesel generator set is used as a backup power source, then such a scheme is called a guaranteed power supply scheme, and consumers receiving power from the diesel generator set in the event of a loss of voltage from the main supply network are consumers of guaranteed power supply.

It is advisable to use such a scheme in cases of frequent loss of voltage from the main supply network and the absence of category I consumers of a special group at the facility, who need power supply for normal functioning without breaking the sinusoid of the supply voltage.

2.2.2. Using an uninterruptible power supply circuit on site

If a facility uses only an uninterruptible power supply as a backup power source, then such a circuit is called an uninterruptible power supply circuit, and consumers receiving power from the UPS in the event of a loss of voltage from the main supply network are called uninterruptible power supply consumers.

It is advisable to use such a scheme in cases of infrequent and short-term loss of voltage from the main supply network and in the presence of category I consumers of a special group at the facility.

2.2.3. Combined use of uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply schemes at the facility

If a facility uses both a diesel generator set and an uninterruptible power supply as a backup power source, then such a scheme is called an increased reliability scheme using an uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply.

If the voltage of the main supply network disappears, the diesel generator set receives a command to start it. At the moment of starting the diesel generator set (5-10 sec.), consumers of guaranteed power supply are left without voltage for a short time. Power supply to consumers of guaranteed power supply is restored when the diesel generator set reaches the rated frequency and voltage.

During the startup of the diesel generator set, the UPS switches to batteries, and the uninterruptible power supply consumers are powered from the UPS batteries for as long as necessary to start the diesel generator set. Thus, power supply to uninterruptible power supply consumers is carried out without breaking the sinusoid of the supply voltage.

When the supply voltage of the external power network is restored when consumers are switched from the diesel generator set to the external power supply network, the consumers of the guaranteed power supply are left without voltage for a short time. Thus, consumers' food supply returns to normal. The diesel generator set, after a complete stop, goes into standby mode.

Power supply from the diesel generator set is possible for a period of time determined by the fuel reserve in the fuel tank of the diesel generator set and the specific fuel consumption (the value of this parameter depends on the load), as well as the possibility of refueling the diesel generator set during operation. If the power supply from the main input is not restored before the end of the fuel life in the standard fuel tank, the automatic control unit of the diesel generator set will stop the diesel generator.

It is advisable to use such a scheme for objects that require increased power supply reliability.

3. Creation of an uninterrupted and guaranteed power supply system at the site

3.1. Necessary conditions for creating a guaranteed power supply scheme at the facility

diesel generator sets must have a mean time between failures of at least 40,000 hours;
operation of diesel generator sets with a capacity load of less than 50% long time not recommended, and with a load of less than 30%, it leads to the supplier’s refusal of warranty obligations for the equipment;
time for emergency start and load acceptance from standby mode in hot standby no more than 9 seconds.
enable repair work and routine maintenance of a diesel generator set without disrupting the normal operation of the power supply system;
provide remote control DGU work;
exclude the possibility of parallel operation of diesel generator sets with external system electricity supply;

3.2. Necessary conditions for creating an uninterruptible power supply circuit at the facility

a single failure of any UPS element should not lead to a complete loss of system functionality;
the average service life of the SBP is at least 10 years;
avoiding overloads of neutral cables of input electrical networks and equipment of transformer substations;
work for a long time in the mode of disconnecting the external power grid and providing power to critical consumers from the UPS;
ensuring the possibility of carrying out repair work and routine maintenance of the UPS without disrupting the normal operation of the power supply system;
providing remote control of operation and UPS;
performing graceful termination technological processes when the external power supply disappears and the autonomy resource expires batteries.

3.3. Necessary conditions for creating a combined uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply scheme at the facility

UPS class - on-line, as the only one protecting the load from all existing problems in the electrical network;
The UPS power is selected based on the load power;
UPS mandatory complete with rechargeable batteries. In general, the battery backup time is selected in the range of 5-10 minutes;
to reduce nonlinear distortions of currents introduced by the UPS into the supply network, UPSs with rectifiers based on IGBTs are used - transistors with 12-pulse rectifiers or with active rectifiers;
It is advisable to select a UPS with a system smooth transition UPS for power supply from battery to mains;
the power of the diesel generator set and UPS is selected in the ratio: diesel generator set/UPS = 1.3;
The diesel generator set must be equipped automatic regulator output voltage and electronic regulator drive motor speed.

As the experience of the Research Center shows, the choice of parts of the uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply system, taking into account the above requirements, ensures a consistent and stable working together UPS and DGS. Additional benefit This scheme is superior to the previous two - practically unlimited operating time in offline mode, i.e., complete independence of the power supply to the critical load (consumers of category I and consumers of category I of a special group) from problems in the main network.

4. Solution schemes

4.1. Guaranteed Power Supply Scheme

4.2. Uninterruptible power supply circuit

4.3. Uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply scheme

5. Manufacturers of equipment for the implementation of guaranteed and uninterruptible power supply schemes

5.1. General principles when choosing a manufacturer

equipment compliance with Russian standards;
quality assurance and operational reliability;
acceptable delivery times;
competent technical support from the manufacturer.

5.2. Manufacturers of diesel generator sets and uninterruptible power supplies

Having considerable experience in creating guaranteed power supply systems, our company gives preference to such manufacturers as: F.G. Wilson, Gesan, Cummins, SDMO.

When creating uninterruptible power supply systems at sites, our company most often uses APC UPSs; also, Powerware UPSs are used quite often, and less often - Libert.

Stable operation of industrial equipment, telecommunications and computing equipment, and other computer equipment is the key to stable operation of an enterprise. For this purpose, uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply systems are used, which supply connected consumers with electricity in the event of a power failure in the electrical network.

Solutions from Inter ID

The Inter ID company supplies equipment for backup power supply systems and Supplies to them. We will help you choose equipment models depending on the tasks assigned, and we will perform installation, maintenance, maintenance and modernization of the installed complex. The cost of work is calculated individually for each client.

Structure of SBGE

SBGE uses parallel sources uninterruptible power supply(UPS, UPS) and diesel generator power plants (DES, SGU), which provide equipment with energy during accidents in main power grids. SBGE consist of a general power supply system, UPS, SGE, distribution power supply network, performance monitoring devices and grounding components. The composition of the ESR includes transformer substations, input distribution devices, distribution and group boards and networks. UPSs consist of UPS, distribution boards and group networks. SGE contain diesel generator sets, distribution boards and devices for automatically turning on backup power.

Classification

Depending on the design of the equipment and the consequences that result from disconnecting devices from the power supply network, electrical receivers are divided into 3 categories. A break in the power supply of category 1 facilities is associated with disruption of the operation of communication and telecommunications facilities, leads to disruption of production processes, material losses, and poses a threat to people’s lives. These devices are provided by two independent power supplies. Interruptions in the operation of category 2 electronic devices lead to production failure and downtime; a pair of independent sources are connected to these devices. Disabling category 3 EDs does not lead to serious consequences; they are powered from a single source.

To ensure the operation of the equipment, the following are used:

Guaranteed power supply systems consist of diesel generator sets that automatically start within 9 seconds after a power outage or deviation of network parameters from the values regulated by GOSTs;
Uninterruptible power supply systems involve the use of a UPS; they are characterized by an adjustable output voltage, parallel connection several UPS;
Combined options provide for the simultaneous use of SGE and UPS; they are recommended for use in cases where increased reliability of energy supply is required; they are characterized by the use of an on-line class UPS with protection against possible faults in the supply network, rectifiers to compensate for non-linear current distortions and a backup time of at least 10 minutes.

Differences between SGE and SBE

Uninterruptible power supply systems switch powered equipment to battery operation. During normal operation of the power grid, the batteries installed in the UPS are charged, and the built-in network filters cut off high-frequency interference and other distortions. It is advisable to use UPS during short-term power outages or voltage surges to correctly shut down the devices and save the necessary information.

During long power outages, it is more advisable to use SGE with diesel generator sets. When the central power grid is disconnected, the diesel generator set plays the role of an emergency power supply unit. To operate the UPS and diesel generator set in a single complex, special equipment is used.

Design

In the process of developing the SBGE, a number of factors are taken into account. The following design stages are distinguished:

A feasibility study is being developed based on terms of reference, used for infrastructure and industrial purposes;
Technical and economic calculations are used for technically simple linear objects and are performed in a reduced volume relative to the feasibility study;
The preliminary design contains calculations of parameters, selection of diesel generator sets, UPS and other components, estimates of work performed;
The working draft contains detailed calculations of parameters and the selection of specific equipment models;
Working documentation is drawn up after approval of the working design; it contains installation diagrams for installing equipment, connecting equipment, etc.

Depending on the complexity of the objects, design is carried out in one, two or three stages.

Installation and connection

When installing SBGE at a facility, groups of responsible electricity consumers are identified, for which backup sources are primarily needed:

Personal computers, routers, routers, servers and other network equipment, PBX and other communications equipment;
Life support systems (ventilation and air conditioning), medical devices;
Security and safety services - access control system, video surveillance, fire alarm, emergency lighting.

To ensure reliable operation of the equipment, static UPSs with on-line support are used. These devices are always on and instantly switch to battery power if a network problem occurs. The complexes are designed for stable work connected equipment from 15 minutes to a couple of hours. If the power supply is turned off for longer than a specified period of time, the power generator sets are automatically turned on.

Requirements

The following requirements apply to the installed SBGE:

Power supply of computer network components, telecommunications and other low-current equipment with specified power quality parameters;
The complex configuration provides normal work components and connected loads when one element fails;
Automatic and manual control modes, including remote control;
Constant monitoring of voltage and other network parameters, statistical accounting;
The required level of compensation for interference from power supplies and UPS rectifiers, external influence, prevention of third-party unauthorized access, equipment malfunction and data loss.

Maintenance

Maintenance of an uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply system includes servicing installed UPSs, maintenance of diesel generators and switchboard equipment. Before carrying out work, a service agreement is concluded for the maintenance of these installations, removable batteries, input and output panels to which the UPS is connected.

At maintenance held visual inspection components, cleaning from dust, lubricating moving parts, changing oil, batteries with exhausted life and other wearable components, checking fasteners. The operation of the UPS from batteries is checked when switching to bypass, returning from it, and other modes. Records of inspection results and resolved problems are recorded in a special journal so that during the next maintenance, engineers pay attention to possible problem areas.

National peculiarity domestic power grids - unexpected disappearance of tension. As a result, the fruits of labor evaporate, one gives up from the bitterness of what happened, and one has to redo all the work again.

The situation is unpleasant even at home, but what if this happens at an enterprise, if the lost data is an annual accounting report, information about existing and potential clients, a database accumulated over more than one year? Damage from computer network downtime, data loss, failure various devices can be very large.

To minimize it, as in financially and in terms of reputation, it is necessary in the process of designing an information system (IS) to provide for the provision of equipment guaranteed power supply(GE). The GE system is a subsystem of the enterprise IS.

It consists of the following main elements: input distribution device (IDU), uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), wired network, switching equipment.

Are used various schemes building a system - distributed, centralized and combined.

System design must begin by identifying the needs of the enterprise. (see information system and administrator). The main parameters you need to decide on: time battery life IC and estimated power of the equipment used. If the estimated power can be calculated unambiguously, then the battery life depends on the tasks assigned. For one enterprise, this means saving data and normal shutdown - 15 minutes is enough. For others, it is supporting the basic functionality of the IS until normal power supply is restored - several days.

For small company with a small number of employees and equipment, the most acceptable solution would be distributed topology. That is, a local UPS is installed for each unit of protected equipment. The positive aspects of this approach are that if one source fails, all others remain operational, the system is easily scalable (an additional UPS is purchased for new equipment). An important advantage of such a system will be its low cost - there is no need to install an additional wired network. The disadvantages of this solution include the complexity of management, timely diagnostics and battery replacement, and user access to the equipment.

For a company with dozens of employees, an acceptable solution is to use centralized topology. This scheme uses a central powerful UPS, from which voltage is supplied to all protected equipment. The main disadvantage of this approach is the need to separate the wired networks of general and guaranteed power supply. Well, then there are only advantages - high reliability, high noise immunity class, remote administration, automatic information about the status of the UPS and power grid parameters. The battery life for high-priority consumers (VP) is significantly increased: servers, network routers, office PBXs, etc.

To increase reliability, use combined UPS connection diagram: a UPS is installed together with the central one for protection separate groups. In this case, even if one of the elements fails, the system as a whole remains operational. With this option, consumers with high priority must be able to supply parallel power from two sources. One input is powered from the central UPS, the second from the group UPS. Low priority consumers (LP) are powered from a single source, depending on the specific project.

With any organization of power supply, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of quickly replacing the UPS, as well as the organization of temporary operation without any or all of the UPS of the system. The low cost of local UPSs, with a distributed topology, allows you to always have a reserve for replacement. Having a supply of central or group UPS is not always justified, due to their high cost. Therefore, it is imperative to provide the possibility of switching (K1, K2) to exclude the UPS from the system and supply power directly.

Another level of power supply is the use of two external inputs (B1, B2) for power supply from different substations and an autonomous generator (GEN). Automatic switching between the inputs and the generator is carried out by the ASU. If one of the inputs fails, it switches to the other; if both inputs fail, it switches to the generator.

Scheme combined system GE

The process of maintaining the GE system includes:

replacement of failed UPSs
cleaning equipment from dust
diagnostics and replacement of batteries
informing users of the rules for using the GE system and monitoring their compliance
promptly informing those responsible about power outages
test shutdowns of external power supplies
generator maintenance

One of the IS subsystems is a guaranteed power supply system built on uninterruptible power supplies. Distributed, centralized and combined topologies are possible. Most important parameters GE systems: battery life of the IS and power consumed by its equipment. These parameters are determined based on the needs of the enterprise and its financial capabilities.

Guaranteed power supply is reliable protection from blackout of premises, loss of important data, failure of life support equipment. It is relevant in everyday life and for solving business problems, and protects against the unpleasant consequences of a power outage. With its help you will save all important data and ensure normal operation household appliances and electronic equipment. Guaranteed power supply will allow you to install optimal system life support, independent of external circumstances.

The Vega company sells modern inverter-battery systems with OutBack Power and Victron Energy power inverters. They are suitable for objects of various scales: from country houses to medical and office centers, banks, cinemas. With their help, you will provide guaranteed power supply to both individual electrical appliances and the entire facility.

What are the benefits of installing OutBack Power and Victron Energy systems?

Professional power inverters OutBack Power and Victron Energy will provide a guaranteed power supply system at the facility under your control. This way, your power grid and server installations will not be affected by a loss of external voltage.

Guaranteed power supply provides maximum protection, first of all, from network power outages, as well as from power surges and surges.

All risks associated with a sudden loss of power supply to the central network are minimized.

Systems are suitable for:

cottages, country houses, individual residential properties;
medical centers, clinics, private offices;
kindergartens, schools, sports clubs, social security institutions;
business and shopping centers, offices, industrial and municipal facilities;
entertainment centers, catering establishments, etc.

Operating principle of guaranteed power supply

The source of guaranteed power supply is an inverter (DC/AC converter), connected to a powerful block of special batteries (AGM or GEL). They are recharged from the central power supply network using a multi-stage built-in inverter charger. When the main network fails, the inverter automatically switches the batteries from storage mode to electricity consumption mode. Instant switching allows you to provide power to all active systems without interruption in their operation.

The guaranteed power supply system allows the connection of generators to the inverter, solar panels and other external energy sources.

The backup power supply time depends on the number of batteries and load power.

Categories of consumers who need guaranteed power supply

All electricity consumers who require constant power supply, in the event of a failure or shutdown, switch to backup power systems. Consumers are divided into categories based on importance.

life and health of people;
state security;
material resources of special importance;
industrial and municipal structures.

life and health of people;
emergency control and fire safety at strategic sites of special importance.

disruption of production and operation of large industrial and agricultural facilities;
downtime of equipment, transport, labor resources;

Work of the majority modern organizations is based on the use of technology that is sensitive to the quality of energy. Failure of computers, banking and medical equipment, automation systems and other devices entails serious consequences, which can sometimes be irreparable. Existing system supply is imperfect, and the supply process may suddenly be interrupted. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to use:

uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS), the operation of which is based on uninterruptible power supplies (UPS, UPS);
guaranteed power supply systems (GPS), the operation of which is based on diesel generator power plants (DES, DGU);
uninterruptible and guaranteed power supply systems, as a combination of the two above systems.

As a rule, the task of ensuring uninterrupted power supply is assigned to UPSs and diesel generators, which provide power to the responsible consumer during the period of absence of electricity in the network. However, in in this case auxiliary solutions also play a role, including supply redundancy power lines, fire extinguishing and lightning protection systems. It is important to understand that guaranteed power supply must be provided in any extreme situations.

The key characteristics of uninterruptible power supply systems are reliability, fault tolerance, and energy efficiency. However, saving energy, increasing battery life and increasing equipment efficiency are only part of the solution. Other important areas include the development of powerful batteries and the use of kinetic storage devices.

Saving resources used

The world is increasingly paying attention to the development and use of alternative sources of electricity that could be renewable on their own. This is especially important thanks to “green tariffs”, which allow you to sell excess electricity received into the public network, or spend the received energy for personal needs, reducing dependence on external sources.

An additional opportunity to save energy resources and increase business efficiency is detailed monitoring of energy costs and automation of processes associated with these costs. Special technologies called the Internet of Things (IoT) can help in this direction. It was thanks to them that the equipment began to work with more “smart” automation, and the collection of information reached a fundamentally new level.

The need for SGP in Russia

In Russia, not only is the issue of electricity supply acute, but there are also problems with the quality of electricity supplied to consumers through distribution networks general purpose. Therefore, there was a need to create a GPS - a guaranteed food system. It is used in relay protection, automation and process alarm circuits for electrical installations of different voltage classes at energy enterprises and other important facilities.

SGP provides continuous power supply ~ 220V:

from centralized network alternating current~220V in normal mode,
from the backup network direct current=220V when the AC power supply is turned off, using the user's battery reserve,
from the battery life of an uninterruptible power supply in the absence of voltage, both in the alternating current network and in the direct current network.

Advantages of SGP:

Stability of network parameters ~220V when connecting =220V with zero switching time to emergency mode without the occurrence of a transient process at the device output.
The user can independently connect the SGP, since its design is simple and understandable.
During emergency shutdowns, regulatory requirements remain the same.
The DC network voltage = 220V in the SGP is produced by three channels of the same type, providing a threefold margin of reliability; if one channel fails during an accident, the SGP remains operational.
The voltage converter operates in economy mode.
Operation is practical and durable.

The design of the SGP involves the use of standardized elements: an uninterruptible power supply, a DC power supply (DC converter), an AC relay. If something fails, the part can easily be replaced with a similar one. If necessary, you can contact the service department, but the device is entirely intended for independent use.