Making a house from timber with your own hands. Do-it-yourself construction of timber houses: technology features

For hundreds of years, our ancestors built houses from wood, during which time many new, modern building materials, but people invariably return to natural materials and the best of them is considered to be wood.

Wooden houses:

warm,
reliable,
beautiful,
durable.

But they have another important advantage, wooden house quite simple to build. Having 3 people who know how to use carpentry and plumbing tools as assistants, in one season you can build a good wooden house, from profiled or laminated timber, and with your own hands.

Important: You can lay the foundation in advance while it’s warm, and build the house itself when the cold weather sets in.

What is timber

The most popular are two types. Profiled timber is wooden product, square or rectangular section.

The beam can be smooth, geometrically correct in shape. Or profiled, having a certain profile that allows the product to be joined more tightly at the mating points.

Glued laminated timber appeared relatively recently; it can be called a product of new, advanced technologies.

Visually, it looks like a profiled one. But the production technology is more complex. Glued laminated timber consists of several layers of wood, bonded using a special technology. It is stronger, more durable, and easier to work with.

Important: Profiled timber can shrink up to 50 mm per 1 m, depending on the dryness of the timber. Glued laminated timber shrinks, on average, by 10-15 mm.

The thickness of the timber ranges from 90 mm to 275 mm.

The most popular profile cross-sections are:

100 mm by 150 mm.
100 mm by 200 mm.
150 mm by 200 mm.
180 mm by 200 mm.

With a maximum standard length of up to 12m.

Wall length

Wall width

Wall height

Beam section

150x150 mm. 180x180 mm. 200x200 mm.

Beam length

5 m. 6 m. 7 m. 8 m. 9 m. 10 m. 11 m. 12 m.

We are preparing a project

You won’t be able to build from timber without a project.

It is no secret that in the vast expanses of the CIS there are many countries, but the level of bureaucracy is practically the same. We provide a list of the main documents that you will need to prepare.

A foundation drawing is required, along with a detailed description with a full breakdown of the material, composition, depth, etc. As well as detailed data on the soil, composition, quality, groundwater, etc.
Next number, the building plan. You prepare it based on the foundation drawing, but also with a detailed description.
Afterwards you need a floor-by-floor detailed plan. In it, indicate in detail the partitions, stoves, fireplaces, windows, doors, etc.
Another really important document is the planking. Simply put, this detailed drawing cross-section of the walls of the house. After screeding, you can place an order for the production of timber, they will make it for you and label it like a designer. Next, just look at the numbers and collect.
Specification of every detail of the house.
Detailed drawing of the roof, with a detailed description of all layers.
Final view of the house.

Please note: take seriously the description of the timber itself, what kind of wood, what kind of profile, level of dryness of the timber, etc. This will eliminate any misunderstandings when ordering.

The package of documents is solid, of course, you can resist, although the work is painstaking, you are quite capable of it yourself. But advice, don’t waste your time. Collecting papers may take longer than the construction itself. Trust the professionals, on our website they will be happy to help you and it will cost you much less than doing it yourself.

Laying the foundation

To build houses from timber, a capital, expensive foundation is not required. These buildings are relatively light in weight.

For construction

Strip foundation shallow. This type of foundation is laid in a trench and has a maximum depth of 50 cm.
Mixed or strip-column foundation. This type is similar to the tape type. But in all important nodes, has reinforcement in the form of concrete pillars.
Columnar. This foundation is based on pillars connected by a concrete or metal grillage.
On screw metal piles or piles with screws. A product of modern technology. Corrosion-resistant metal piles are screwed into the ground and connected with a grillage. The foundation is convenient, also because it is easy to repair.
On wooden stilts, is rarely used at this time since wood, no matter how you treat it, still deteriorates in the ground.
On concrete piles. The foundation is excellent, but expensive. To drive a concrete pile, you will need special construction equipment.

To build from timber, the first 4 options are enough. The instructions below, with minor amendments, are suitable for the first 3 types of foundation.

Tape

Any foundation begins with markings. For marking we use ordinary wooden pegs and fishing line. At a distance of 30-40 cm from the designed wall, we drive in pegs and stretch the fishing line.
The body of the foundation will be marked not by driven pegs, but by a fishing line.

Important: after stretching the fishing line, you should measure the diagonals. The distance along the diagonals must be strictly the same. Even the slightest discrepancy indicates incorrect angles, and you will end up with an asymmetrical foundation.

We remove the soil to a depth of 50 cm. Consider the thickness of the formwork. Check the bottom of the trench for level.
Next we make 2 pillows up to 10 cm each. Sand, plus crushed stone.
Let's start installing the formwork.
We put in waterproofing, the most budget option is roofing felt or thick, technical polyethylene.
We weld or knit a reinforced metal frame.
We fill it with concrete; it is better to fill it all at once, comprehensively. Order a mixer, pour the foundation in one go and wait for it to harden.
Remove the formwork and add a cushion of crushed stone in its place.

Mixed foundation

It differs from the previous strip one by the presence of reinforcing pillars at the corners of the structure and in the most stressed nodes. Therefore, to the above, we add instructions on how to fill the pillars with your own hands.

We drill a hole under each pillar to a depth of 1 m.
We make a similar layer of sand and crushed stone.
We roll up a pipe from roofing felt in 2-3 layers and secure it with tape.
We insert the pipe into the hole and install it reinforcement cage, 200 mm high above the general foundation level.
Before the main pouring, make the base of the pillar. To do this, pour the solution into the pipe and lift the pipe, allowing the solution to spread. When the solution has hardened a little, begin pouring the entire foundation.

Columnar foundation type

The pillars in this foundation can be made as in the previous version, from concrete. So, lay it out of brick, in the form of a cabinet.

Just lay out the cabinet with a well, insert a reinforcement cage inside and fill it with concrete.

The cabinets themselves are leveled and a grillage is mounted on them.

The grillage can be concrete, then formwork is made on the pillars in the form of a bathtub, waterproofed, reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. Or it is welded from metal, which is attached to the reinforcement frame of the poles.

Making crowns

The crowns are the first row of timber. To build from timber good house, pay careful attention to the installation of crowns.

The video in this article clearly shows installation with dowels.

Making the floor

At this stage, you should lay the foundation of the floor, a rough version. The final finishing will be done along with the interior finishing.

If you are building a relatively small building, bathhouse or garden house. It will be enough for you to lay an additional belt of timber around the perimeter, fasten it to the crown and mount logs on this belt.

But if the house occupies a large area, the approach will be slightly different.

If the square footage is large, separate pedestals should be laid out to support the floor, something similar to a separate foundation for the floor.

Depending on the composition of the soil, we lay the columns to a depth of up to half a meter.
We make them square 40x40 or 50x50. Laying pitch is from 50 to 90 cm.
We lay and compact sand and crushed stone in layers up to approximately 10 cm.
We make a small reinforcement frame, up to 10 cm high, install it and fill it with concrete.
Next, we waterproof this base and lay out the brick cabinet up to the level of the beams.
We put waterproofing again and install the beams.
We attach the logs to the beams with self-tapping screws.
Between the joists, using a corner, we install waterproof plywood.
We waterproof and tape all joints.
We lay insulation on top and cover it with a subfloor.

We build walls

If you did everything correctly before, then building walls from timber with your own hands will not be difficult for you.

The profiled timber already has special grooves, they will facilitate the connection.
Make the corner connection as you like; there are 3 types of corner joints:

Back to back.
Half a tree.
Through the root thorn.

Be sure to lay insulation between the beams.
Check the level of each laid beam and fix it with a dowel.
In the window area, leave technological gaps for shrinkage.

Important: when you install in the house load-bearing wall or support columns under the roof, they should not be rigidly attached to the roof at first. Secure with self-tapping screws and that’s enough. When the house starts to settle down and you walk around, you will have to adjust the height of the support. When it sits down, secure it completely.

This video will tell you about the intricacies of building walls.

We begin installation of the roof

Roof is enough important stage construction, but you can install it yourself.

First, knock down a template from light boards. You will install the rafters along it.
Next, we set the beginning and end of the structure according to the template.
Between installed rafters, at control points, according to the level, we pull the strings from the fishing line.
Guided by the strings, controlling the level and template, we install the remaining rafters.
We stuff the sheathing on top and fasten it underneath with a stapler, overlapping the vapor barrier.
We lay insulation under the vapor barrier, between the rafters, and cover it with another layer of vapor barrier.
Next, we finally fix it with the bottom layer of the sheathing; you can now attach the cladding to it according to your taste and budget.
From the top budget option, is a covering on the top sheathing of roofing material and on top of it sheets of slate.

Wooden houses are popular among private developers planning to build a cozy home for their family. IN Lately Such buildings are increasingly being constructed from timber. The technology of their construction is simple and clear.

Brus - let's arrange a comfortable family nest ourselves!

Wooden beams are ideal for self-construction private low-rise buildings. This material has a beautiful appearance, excellent performance characteristics, and provides a favorable microclimate for humans in a dwelling under construction. A beam is understood as a log that is hewn on four sides. The result is an easy-to-use wood product that can have different cross-sections.

In most cases, private developers use rectangular or square beams. With the help of such hewn logs, it is easy to obtain perfectly smooth wall and floor surfaces with the same thickness without additional tricks. Subsequently, such bases are easily lined from the outside and inside, which allows you to create the most unusual and striking designs of wooden residential buildings.

A timber house is erected in a short time. All work is carried out by 2-3 people without construction experience and special knowledge. For the construction of the structure we are interested in, it is allowed to use timber made from various types of wood. Products made from pine delight with their beautiful texture and wide choice color shades. Spruce beams are optimal for creating perfect visual perception surfaces. This is due to their uniform texture and color. It is better not to use hewn fir logs for the construction of a private house. They look great. But the durability and strength of fir products is far from ideal.

Coniferous wood is affordable. Larch beams are more expensive. But such products are considered truly practical. Houses made of larch last for decades, they are not afraid of moisture, and delight the eye with their attractive appearance. Theoretically, residential buildings can also be built from birch beams. Their price is significantly lower than the cost of larch products. But the quality of the finished structure will be significantly lower. All home craftsmen who decide to save on the cost of building materials should remember this.

Structures made of profiled and laminated timber - what is the difference?

We can build a house from timber using profiled or glued products. The technology for their use is almost completely the same. Profiled timber is more popular. It is characterized by a minimum moisture content and uniform thickness.

Such products are obtained from solid logs, which go through several stages machining. The profiled timber is equipped with tenons and grooves. These elements provide high-quality connection of individual products to each other. Also, the tongue and groove system forms a thermal lock. Due to it, even the slightest cold is not able to penetrate inside the wooden house.

Glued laminated timber is made from pre-dried lamellas - individual planks with different thicknesses and lengths. Such products are cheaper than profiled ones. At the same time, the durability of buildings made from them is the same. True, on one condition. Drying of glued products must be carried out using a special technology. If it is not adhered to, reliability finished house will not be the highest. The connection of laminated veneer lumber is also carried out according to the groove-tenon principle. Due to this, installation problems do not arise for people without experience in construction work.

Rounded timber is considered a novelty in the private construction market. It is not yet used very often, since its price is quite high. At the same time, houses made from timber of this type are distinguished by unique durability, quality and high environmental friendliness. Rounded material is produced in the form of products turned from logs cylindrical(there can be no other section). Their length reaches 470 cm. This makes it possible to build truly durable houses, which, in addition, do not require additional insulation. Visually, the building made of rounded wood has the appearance of a fabulous, chic house. It doesn’t even need to be specially lined with any finishing materials. He looks great anyway.

Proper arrangement of the foundation for the longevity of the home

In order for a log house made of timber to be as reliable as possible, you should take care of the construction for it quality basis. The type of foundation is determined by the design of the home (number of floors, total area, etc.), as well as the characteristics of the soil on the site. For example, a country house with a modest square footage is usually built on a solid slab foundation. But it is better to build a large-scale structure with an underground floor on a strip foundation. Based on screw piles recommended for houses built on loose, silty, and overly wet soils.

In practice, most often private developers choose a strip foundation. It is easy to arrange it yourself, without using special equipment. Moreover, the finished base turns out to be very reliable, capable of withstanding any load. Step-by-step instructions for building such a foundation are given below:

1. Based on the selected house design, we mark it on the ground. We decide on the places where the internal load-bearing walls will be located.
2. Dig ditches along the marked lines. Important! The width should be 10 cm greater than the thickness interior walls. The depth of the ditches is 0.6–0.8 m. Additionally, we dig a foundation pit for arranging the basement, focusing on the dimensions of the latter.
3. Fill the bottom of the ditches with sand and gravel (a layer of each material is 10 cm). Moisten the resulting cake and compact it well. Pour onto a sand and gravel bed concrete mixture. Its thickness is about 5 cm.
4. We construct removable formwork. We will need to assemble boards 2.5 cm thick into shields. Above the level of the ditches, these structures must rise 40–60 cm (the specific indicator depends on the height of the foundation laid in construction project). WITH outside We fix the knocked down panels with support boards, and install spacers on the inside. In this case, the formwork will not move when pouring concrete.

After this, we reinforce the formwork structure. The operation is performed using metal rods with a cross section of 1–1.2 cm. We lay them in two layers along and across the formwork. We fix the intersection points of the reinforcement with tying wire. Note! Metal products should not touch the formwork. Be sure to leave a free space of 5–6 cm between them.

Now we prepare the concrete mixture for pouring. An ordinary solution is suitable - 3 parts sand to 1 part M400 cement. You can make a batch with special additives (gravel, crushed stone). In this case, you need to take 4 parts of sand and additional components, and 1 part of cement. We load the specified materials into a concrete mixer, obtain the required composition, and feed it into the formwork. Here you need to ensure that no air bubbles appear in the foundation. The problem is solved by using a deep cement vibrator. Leave the poured base for 3-4 weeks. The formwork may be removed after 20 days.

Construction of a house - we strictly adhere to technology!

After the foundation has hardened, we proceed directly to building the house with our own hands. We install the first crown of the log house on insulation, which we lay on the base in this order:

bitumen heated to a liquid consistency;
layer of roofing material;
bitumen again;
another layer of roofing material.

The insulation should be about 0.3 m wider than the base. And the timber used must be treated with an antiseptic solution. Special composition protects wood from insect pests and moisture, significantly increasing the service life of the timber. Some craftsmen apply antiseptic to already erected buildings. You can't do that. We impregnate each product separately and only after that we build the house. Then we are guaranteed to achieve penetration of the composition into all hard to reach places(for example, at the joints of individual logs). It is also advisable to further process wood materials fire retardant. It will protect the wood from burning.

After laying the waterproofing and processing the wood, we firmly fix the backing board to the foundation. It is advisable to use a larch product with a thickness of 5–6 cm. We attach the board to the base of the building with anchors directly through the insulating pie. We immediately nail the ebb to the installed lining. It will drain water away from the building during rain.

Sometimes you can hear the opinion that it is not necessary to install a backing board. Here it is necessary to understand an important thing: the board acts as a buffer between the crown of the structure and its base. During the operation of the house, sooner or later we will have to repair its lower part. This is where we find out why the board is needed. For repairs, it will be enough for us to replace only it without touching the crown. The benefit, you see, is obvious.

By the way, repair of the lower part wooden house construction It will not be necessary soon if you lay slats 1 cm thick on the backing board. We attach them to the backing across the base, maintaining a distance between separate elements at a level of 0.3 m. As a result, we obtain an effective ventilation gap. We mount the first crown on it (beams measuring 9x14, 14x14, 15x15 cm). Front sides The products used can be convex or flat. It does not matter. The corner connections of the first circuit are made in half a tree. We cut logs into this crown for arranging the floor.

Assembling the log house - now everything will go like clockwork!

After laying the first crown, we proceed to install the next circuit. It should be installed on a jute pad. It eliminates the risk of mold formation between wooden elements log house and condensation of its façade. We buy jute at any construction store. It is best to use gaskets in the form of needle-punched tapes. They are released different thicknesses. Pick up suitable material not difficult. We fasten the lining with a construction stapler. Do not use flax or tow instead of jute. It is impossible to lay them evenly, which means that small gaps will remain in the log house in any case.

We connect the beams together using a tongue-and-groove system, obtaining a truly rigid and reliable fastening. In cases where it is carried out from products natural humidity(not dried in special chambers), you need to additionally fasten the crowns together with wooden dowels. We place them in a checkerboard pattern every two circuits, maintaining a distance of 100 cm between the fasteners. We install the pins to a depth of approximately 30 cm.

We collect the rest of the crowns in the same way. In places where doors and windows will be located, we leave part of the beams along the length of the wall. We will get a kind of lattice. There is no need to cut out all the products in advance to fit the parameters of the openings. In this case, the lumber will bend during the shrinkage process. This will cause a change in the geometry of the house being built. We will cut out the excess pieces with a chainsaw only after the building has completely settled.

If the beam is shorter than the walls, you will have to properly extend the lumber.

We will need to connect individual products between themselves. The procedure is performed using the dressing method. We shift the seam (vertical) of each next crown in relation to the previous one. For high-quality articulation of joints, we cut half a tree along the beam. It is also advisable to strengthen the connection made with dowels. The roof of a timber home can be anything. The easiest way is to cover a built house with a roof with two slopes. Such roofs are built quickly and have excellent performance characteristics. More on this later.

Gable roof - how to build an aesthetic and practical roof?

We construct the Mauerlat from 15x15 cm timber. We fix it to the crown anchor bolts, dowels, staples. The rafters will rest on the mauerlat. It is advisable to connect them together using a sled. They represent a special steel mount, consisting of two parts. During the shrinkage of the log house, the sled allows the rafters to change their angle. Important point. When using other fastening options (for example, a triangular cut made on the Mauerlat to engage the rafters), the likelihood of deformation of the structure during shrinkage increases significantly.

The rafter system itself is made in the form of a frame that determines the configuration of the roof. The latter is indicated in the project according to which we are building the house. The length of the rafters, the pitch of their installation and the angle of inclination are also set there. Most often, the rafter system is constructed from timber 5–7 cm thick and 16–18 cm wide. These elements are connected to each other with metal plates and in a tongue-and-groove pattern.

We cover the constructed rafter structure with a layer of vapor barrier, and on top we make a lath and counter-lattice from wooden slats 20 mm thick. Let's take into account the following. If we install slate sheets or profiled products on the roof, the sheathing is mounted in increments of 0.3 m. And for laying tiles, the frame should be made solid. We install the sheathing across the rafters. We use nails for fastening. We fill the counter-lattice along the rafters.

We insulate gable roof mineral wool. We use heat insulation in the form of mats for these purposes. We place them between the rafters, and then cover them with the selected cladding - plasterboard, clapboard. Insulation is always carried out if the attic space is planned to be made residential. In other cases, it is not necessary to install thermal insulation.

Final work – making the house perfect

At the assembly stage of construction, we arrange the floors in the form of rough-type flooring, laid on beams or joists. After completion of construction, we make a finishing and rough foundation. Be sure to insulate the floors in the attic and basement level (mineral wool will do). We finish the bases with laminate or other materials.

We carry out insulation and cladding of a residential building made of timber after its shrinkage. The period required for this varies widely. Structures made of laminated veneer lumber can be finished 3–4 months after their construction, those made of profiled timber – after 5–6. If wet material was used, it will take a year to a year and a half for the house to shrink. Will have to wait.

After shrinkage, you need to caulk the timber. The operation is long, labor-intensive and unpleasant. We will need to manually seal all the gaps and microscopic cracks found outside and inside the house. For caulking we use pieces of jute fiber. It is recommended to sheathe the ceiling in a timber dwelling wooden clapboard. Other materials can also be used. We finish the ceiling surface strictly after caulking all the cracks.

Often, the external and internal decoration of wooden log houses is done as simply as possible - the bases are painted. Nuance. We select compositions for painting that not only satisfy individual aesthetic needs, but are also able to protect the timber from negative influence ultraviolet radiation and moisture.

Choose a suitable log house project from profiled or laminated timber. And build your dream home yourself!

Land owners are increasingly choosing to build houses from timber. An additional advantage of this solution is that, if desired, each owner can build a house from timber with his own hands. By building such a house with your own hands, you get a high-quality, durable, reliable and comfortable home. The actual technology for constructing such buildings is extremely simple and understandable. The only skills you will need for the job are experience in handling a gasoline or electric saw.

A house made of timber looks very beautiful. But in order for it to be reliable, the timber must be treated with special means at the construction stage.

What kind of wood can be used to build a log house?

Before you start building a house from timber with your own hands, you need to choose the highest quality and suitable material for the job.

The main qualities of wood are strength and density. For some breeds, these indicators reach the level of most metals, so do-it-yourself timber houses are quite demanding. high requirements. The walls of the building must be durable and strong. In addition, they must provide good heat and sound insulation. But wood also has a number of disadvantages. The main ones are low fire resistance and a tendency to sedimentary deformation, which is especially pronounced during the first few years after completion of construction.

Coniferous woods are best choice for building a house from timber. The material is different long term service and resistance to rotting, it does not crack and does not exert a significant load on the foundation. It is important to remember that not only competent construction technology, but also the material chosen according to all the rules allows you to build a good house from timber with your own hands. So the wood should be as wear-resistant and dense as possible.

Solid or profiled timber?

The timber can be profiled or solid. To build a house, you can use both the first and second options. To choose a specific type of material, consider the main advantages and disadvantages of each.

Profiled timber for building a house requires the presence of a profile. It may have tenons and crown grooves. Such connections are installed along the entire length of the material, after which the surface is ground. The timber for building a house is supplied ready-made. The owner can only assemble the building from the received elements. Among the advantages of houses built from profiled timber are:

High resistance to deformation.
Relatively low construction costs.
Low complexity of construction work.

The material has exact shape, allowing all construction activities to be carried out as quickly as possible short terms and with the highest quality. Houses made from this material have a more interesting appearance and high thermal insulation characteristics.

The advantages of profiled timber include the smooth surface of the walls. They don’t even need additional sheathing, because... they look great anyway. Walls made of this material are protected from rotting, because... melt will not accumulate in them and rainwater. The profile is calculated so that precipitation does not get into the crown joints.

After shrinking a house built from profiled timber, you will not need to waste time and effort on caulking. This material provides excellent wind protection and high thermal insulation, because the crowns have connections of sufficient density for this.

House from solid timber has a low level of thermal insulation.

But profiled timber also has its drawbacks. Firstly, it does not tolerate negative atmospheric influences very well. Secondly, the material supports combustion. In order to increase bio- and fire-retardant properties, wood must be treated with special impregnations.

The natural moisture of the material leads to cracks appearing on the timber during the warm season. Therefore, it is best to immediately look for a material whose humidity has been reduced to at least 20% by chamber drying. The thickness of the walls of a house made of profiled timber will not be enough for comfortable use. It will be necessary to perform additional external insulation. Once construction is completed, it will not be possible to make any additions or change the layout.

Study the features of solid timber. Despite the fact that it does not have the most presentable appearance, the material is still quite widely used in construction. The main advantage is the relatively low cost. When preparing wood, its natural moisture content is preserved, which eliminates the need for additional measures and reduces the duration of the preparatory stage.

Solid timber can be purchased at any specialized market. You can choose exactly what you need without any problems. On average, it takes a week from order to delivery to the construction site. The simplicity and speed of production of the material allowed us to reduce the time so much. Another big advantage of using solid timber to build a house is that there is no need to use special equipment.

But it also has its drawbacks. These include:

More high costs on Finishing work. To obtain a beautiful and complete appearance of the building, it must be covered with siding or clapboard.
When choosing timber you need to be extremely careful, because... unscrupulous sellers They offer bad timber.
Fungus may begin to develop on the material. The reason is natural humidity and failure to undergo special drying. You, of course, can treat the timber with special impregnations to destroy and prevent the return of the fungus, but this will require spending additional money and time.
The inter-crown seams are blown out very strongly. A house made of solid timber is characterized by a lower level of thermal insulation.
After shrinking, the wood cracks. To prevent such damage, the walls have to be sheathed on both sides.

Preparation of materials, tools and project

After you decide on suitable look timber, proceed to purchasing materials, collecting tools and drawing up a project. If you wish, you can purchase the material in ready-made form. All bars will be cut to your size. The material will already have grooves, and all you have to do is lay out the building like a construction set.

If you want to save money, you can prepare it yourself. If you choose this method, pay attention to the following factors:

The wood must be healthy.
End-to-end and large cracks are strictly unacceptable.
The wood should not show any signs of beetle damage.
Before use, the material must be treated with antiseptic compounds.

The work of building a house from timber will require the use of a whole set of tools, namely:

Gasoline saw. An electric one will do instead.
Electric drills.
Level.
Measuring tape.
Hammer.
Axe.
Nails, screws, jute.
Electric screwdriver.
Hammer.

After preparing the materials and tools, start drawing up a project for a house made of timber. During this process, you need to accurately calculate everything necessary calculations. You can create a project yourself, there is nothing complicated about it. If you wish, you can contact a specialized construction company. The company’s specialist will make the project in compliance with all rules, taking into account seismic resistance and other important factors.

What should be the foundation of a log house?

Construction of a strip foundation.

Having prepared or received a custom project, proceed to arranging the foundation. A house made of timber must be built on the basis of sufficient reliability and strength.

When choosing the type of foundation, consider the following parameters:

Main characteristics of the soil on the site.
Estimated load on the foundation.
Design features.

A house made of timber can be built on concrete or wooden base. Most often filled concrete foundation, is laid out on it brick plinth, and already on top of this structure the construction of timber walls begins. If you want to have completely wooden structure, you can make the base out of wood.

A timber house can be built on:

Deep foundation.
Shallow foundation.
Belt type support.
Columnar base.

In the vast majority of cases, a shallow or strip foundation is prepared for a house made of timber. A laying depth of about 50-70 cm will be sufficient.

Step-by-step instructions for building walls

After arranging the foundation, proceed to laying the timber. The most important thing is to decide optimal technology assemblies. The timber walls are laid out in rows. Each new layer is laid on top of the previous one until a wall of the required height is obtained.

The bars have special grooves, which ensure a tight fit of the logs to each other. The grooves are insulated with special thermal insulation. In order to increase the strength of the walls, it is imperative to use spikes to connect the beams.

A simplified version involves the use of untreated pine timber. The bars themselves weigh quite little, so you don’t even have to call in special lifting equipment for construction.

In the process of self-construction of timber walls, it is important to take into account a number of basic requirements. First, all seams must be caulked. This will prevent the wind from blowing through the walls. Secondly, the walls themselves are treated with special impregnations to increase fire resistance and strength.

Roof, floor and finishing installation

Quite often, developers try to save money on building a house from timber. And they do this with the help of a roof, using some cheap materials, for example, ondulin. But saving on material when constructing a roof is categorically not recommended. This part of the house may have various options execution, it all depends on the rafters and roofing systems. It is recommended to equip each area using boards different sizes. For example, rafters are assembled from 150x40 mm boards, and 100x40 mm material is used to install braces and racks.

When arranging the floor and choosing flooring They are also guided primarily by personal preferences. The only mandatory point is waterproofing the ceiling and floor. In particular, you need to carefully approach the issue of waterproofing basements and basement premises. The floor is waterproofed before screeding or leveling. In a wooden house you can use:

Roll waterproofing.
Coating materials.
Penetrating moisture protection.
Jellied compositions.

Plinths and basements can be waterproofed with your own hands without any problems. There will be no difficulties when treating the floors of other parts of the house. Choose the material that is most suitable for you and begin installing it in accordance with the technology.

Floor is one of the main components of the interior of a home. Aesthetics directly depend on its design interior design. Therefore, the choice of coating also needs to be approached wisely. On modern market presented a large assortment floor coverings, namely:

Wood based coatings. This category includes parquet boards and parquet.
Cork covering.
Laminated panels.
Linoleum.
Floor tiles.
Carpets of various types.

Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages.

For wooden floor Wood-based coatings are best suited: parquet and laminate are the most best option, this material is simple and easy to install.

As for more modern materials, then you won’t have any problems with their installation. Focus on your taste preferences and available budget.

Finally, work is carried out to install interior doors, partitions and window frames. The subfloor is laid, then the selected insulation, the finishing component of the floor and the finishing coating are installed. The ceiling is being finished. At this stage, it is necessary to equip water supply, heating, sewerage and energy systems.

Exterior decoration is selected by the owner independently. If desired, the house can be left without any exterior finishing if the appearance and quality source material allow you to do this. If you want to get a different look, you can paint the house, cover it with siding, clapboard, or trim it with other available materials.

It is in this sequence that the construction of a house made of timber is carried out. By following the technology, you can get a reliable, comfortable and durable structure without involving third party specialists. Good luck!

A popular phenomenon in suburban areas is a construction site wooden houses. Because the timber house is of high quality and comfortable. Moreover, it looks quite chic from the outside, as you can see by looking at photos of wooden houses. Not only the elite can afford to build such a house. The ability to work with a chainsaw or electric saw makes it possible to build with your own hands safe home from timber.
Construction technology timber house
Timber is considered a universal building material, and it is quite easy to use. The huge demand for wood is caused by its efficiency and environmental friendliness. Simple construction technology timber houses does not foretell a large investment of time. You should catch all the nuances of the work presented in video lessons and photos, as well as in articles, and even inexperienced builders will have the chance to build a house from timber with their own hands.
In the construction of a house, everything must be done in stages, then the speed and productivity of construction is guaranteed, and a certain period of time must be maintained between some stages.

Step-by-step instructions for building a house from timber

Material selection

The duration of construction and its technology depend proportionally on the type of timber. It is faster to build a house from dried wood, but given the material costs, construction will cost much more. It is cheaper to construct a building from raw timber, but construction in this case takes longer.
The following types of wood are used for housing construction:
1. Profiled timber.
2. Solid timber.
Advantages of profiled timber:
— resistance to deformation;
— minimum construction costs;
— the risk of rotting is eliminated;
— excellent thermal insulation;
— high-quality armor against airflow;
- no additional wall covering required;
— simple assembly ensures construction speed;
- impressive appearance.

Flaws:
- high flammability;
— requires impregnation with agents to increase biosecurity and fire protection;
— formation of cracks at elevated temperatures;
- need additional wall insulation;
— redevelopment of an erected timber house is impossible;
- dependent on weather conditions.
Advantages of solid timber:
— does not require the use of special equipment;
— there are no problems with purchasing, since such timber is widespread;
— low price, makes timber accessible to everyone.

Flaws:
— finishing costs;
— low protection from airflow;
— decent cracking of timber;
- such construction requires double-sided cladding;
— need careful selection: compliance with GOST, absence of fungus;
- if there is fungus, the timber needs to be treated with antiseptic agents.
When choosing, you should focus on the wear resistance of the wood. Accuracy in choosing timber, as well as adherence to technology, are a guarantee of the quality of the house.

Preparation of materials

All required volume material should be collected before construction begins. The purchase of materials provides for two development options:
— purchase of finished timber. When ordering material, the customer indicates everything necessary measurements and purchases a ready-made timber with grooves, which can be used immediately;
— purchase of wood that needs to be prepared with your own hands. In this case, you have to cut the beams yourself, after which it should be treated with an antiseptic. Only after this will construction of the house begin.
When purchasing wood, you should pay attention to the following factors:
- quality of wood;
— whether the beetles fed on this timber and whether they live in it;
— are there any through cracks in the wood;
— Is the timber affected by fungus?

Project development

Drawing up a diagram of a log house requires careful and accurate calculations. It is quite possible to draw a project with your own hands.

Creating a plan consists of several steps, which include their own nuances:

1. Determining the size of the house and its immediate diagram.
At this stage, it is important to take into account the specific purpose of the premises and the functions that they will perform, as well as all necessary systems(ventilation, heating, etc.). It is important that rooms with high humidity (kitchen, toilet, bathroom) are located next to each other.
2. Calculation of the amount of materials.
When calculating material consumption, you need to take into account the thickness of the tree, as well as its length. Regular timber six meters, so if the walls of the house are planned to be longer, it is joined along the length.
Many construction companies create custom projects for log houses. When drawing up drawings, all rules are followed. A house built according to such schemes will be geometrically correct and earthquake-resistant. You can also find many photos on the Internet with examples of ready-made schemes for log houses.

Laying the foundation

Foundation for wooden house must be very durable. When choosing the type of foundation, the following circumstances should be considered:
— soil characteristics;
— house design features;
- the magnitude of the load of the structure.
Based on the volume of lumber designed for building a house, it is easy to calculate the load of the future structure.
Foundation options:
1. Shallowly buried tape.
2. Deeply buried tape.
3. Columnar.
4. Pile.
Pile and shallow foundations are considered more economical. But a shallowly buried strip foundation is more popular.

The foundation of such a foundation should be laid to a depth of 50 to 70 cm.

Laying the first crown

To high humidity If the first crown is not damaged, a buffer element should be created between it and the foundation. Such an element is an antiseptic-impregnated lining board (50 mm thick), which is usually made from larch.

Before laying the board, the side of the base adjacent to it is covered with two layers of roofing felt. A layer of waterproofing will ensure moisture exclusion.

Wall installation

Step-by-step laying out rows of timber represents the construction of walls. Dowels are used to prevent displacement. Rows of wood are attached to them. A tight corner connection is ensured by the presence of grooves and tenons.

They should be additionally insulated with tow or other sealant. When laying out the phalanges of the timber, the tenons and grooves alternate.
There are several methods for connecting beams at the corners:
- connection in a warm corner;
- connections to the bowl;
- claw connection.
You can find and watch the video on the Internet detailed instructions corner connection of the beam.
In places where the installation of doors and windows is planned, the size of the beam is calculated, taking into account the size of the opening. All openings are weak points for walls. To make the wall stronger, some beams are laid precisely according to its size. When the assembly of the frame is completed and it settles, the excess material is cut out.

To increase strength and fire resistance, the walls are treated with special substances. To increase protection from wind, all seams should be caulked (caulked). Many builders of their wooden cottages They post a video on the Internet in which they present a step-by-step installation of the log house.

Roof construction

The high probability of roof repairs after the construction of the house is guaranteed by its complex geometry. Therefore, the roof construction technology should be simpler. Therefore, it is better to build a gable roof.

After constructing the walls, ceiling joists are placed on them so that they protrude beyond the wall by 50 cm. The gap between them should be equal to the width of the insulation used, 60 cm or 90 cm.
Next comes the assembly rafter system. To strengthen the rafters, crossbars and racks are used. Then the fronts are sewn up. The sheathing is performed with maximum step 400 mm, and is mounted on the rafters.

Finishing work

You can watch the video to see what houses made of timber look like, and how they are finished with all the nuances.

Flooring

During the installation of log houses, a preliminary floor covering is created along the floor beams. The floor itself is installed in two steps:

1. Laying the floorboard.
2. Laying the subfloor.
The floor needs to be insulated; to do this, place between the boards of the subfloor mineral wool or other thermal insulation material.

For flooring, in addition to floorboards, you can use laminate, as well as other materials.

Ceiling arrangement.

To reduce heat loss at home, the ceiling must be insulated with at least 200 cm of insulation. It is placed between the ceiling beams and protected with special vapor barrier and moisture barrier films. The ceiling of wooden houses is covered with clapboard. Large beams, if desired, can be left unsheathed; they will serve as decorative elements.

Interior and exterior finishing

Sometimes all you need to do is paint the house. This applies to those cases where profiled timber was used.
While the house is being built with their own hands, long time, and the quality of the wood surface changes characteristically. Therefore, the timber should be sanded again before painting.
Communication networks are laid inside. In the photo on the Internet you can see the result of finishing work in houses made of wood with a variety of design styles.

Window installation

In places designated for windows, special openings (windows) are created. To do this, grooves are cut and the block is placed in them, preferably not end-to-end. It should be smaller in length so that when the walls shrink, the timber can be lowered. Thanks to this, shrinkage proceeds smoothly, and upon completion, the windows are installed.

No need to install wooden windows, you can also use plastic ones.

Installation of doors and partitions

To install doors, the same technology is used as for installing windows.
Partitions are installed only after the frame has been assembled. If built two-storey house with an area greater than 60 m2, then the first floor, not equipped with partitions, makes the building structure dangerous. For safety and strength, at least one partition is required.
In principle, building a house from timber with your own hands is not at all difficult. You can watch video lessons that cover all the nuances of construction step by step. The technology of building a house itself is simple and if you follow it, the built house will be durable for many years.

Video. Detailed film about the construction of timber houses

Wood is one of the most environmentally friendly building materials, so the desire to have a wooden house is understandable. Timber buildings are becoming popular today, so construction companies They offer ready-made options, but they are usually not cheap. Making a house from timber with your own hands is not particularly difficult, so we will now look at the principles of this matter.

At correct processing and laying wood, the structure turns out to be durable, but in practicality it cannot be compared even with frame house. Not long ago, wood for buildings was taken whole log due to difficulties in processing it. Now a popular option is timber. We will tell you how to build a house from timber.

Peculiarities

During construction, timber has a significant advantage over logs - less of it is needed, but there are also disadvantages. The seams between adjacent products are poorly protected from all kinds of precipitation, so they require special treatment. It is possible to sheathe a structure from timber certain material, but if this is not planned, then you need to chamfer 20 by 20 mm from each beam.

The timber may also be subject to helical deformation, but modern technologies helped get rid of this by creating a profiled beam with complex “protection”. Manufacturers of the material dry it thoroughly, which helps avoid shrinkage.

There is also glued laminated timber with increased strength indicators. Its important advantage is geometric stability, which does not allow the material to change shape under the influence of moisture.

Assembly technology

You can buy a ready-made kit for construction at the manufacturing plant and, upon arrival at the site, simply assemble it according to the plan. During installation, ties are used - metal pins with a special anti-corrosion coating. They are necessary for reliable fixation of the bars in a certain place.

Assembly order:

Foundation.
Geometry check.
Laying waterproofing followed by installation of the first level of timber.
The material is stitched longitudinally with a cross for attractiveness.
Assembly of beams on wooden dowels with laying insulation between them.
After the walls are erected, they are mounted interfloor ceilings, including floor beams.
Rafter system. When developing it, 2% shrinkage of laminated veneer lumber is taken into account. The design uses sliding fastenings rafters
Laying roofing.
Interior arrangement. Insulation of floors and walls, production of partitions and other work. This stage also includes the laying of utility lines.
Terrace. If it is provided, then it is necessary to start laying the floor from a special impregnated board, made with the expectation of long service life when exposed to external factors.
Installation of windows and doors.

Now let's look at the main points of how to build a house from timber in a little more detail.

Foundation

The foundation can be columnar, strip and slab. The columnar foundation is one of the simplest. To make it, you need asbestos-cement pipes, which will need to be inserted into the prepared holes. This type of foundation also has the disadvantage of a lack of connection between the resulting pillars. It is more practical to choose a pile analogue, in which the piles are connected by a reinforced concrete slab.

Slab foundation – reinforced concrete slab, on which construction will continue. It will require concrete and reinforcement in large quantities.

Strip foundations are the most common due to the many options with different functionality. For heavy loads, a foundation type with the same cross section, while for light houses - a shallowly recessed variety, which costs less, but is not inferior in reliability.

Walls

The walls must be assembled directly on the site. At the corners, the timber can be connected in one of two ways - with or without a protrusion. First, the strapping crown is laid on the prepared foundation and connected into half a tree. This type of fastening is used regardless of the selected connection of subsequent rows. The first floor should be about three meters high. When the walls are laid to the required level, they make the ceiling and begin the second floor, if one is planned.

You cannot build turnkey houses from timber! You need to first install the timber frame for shrinkage, and only do all the finishing work in the second stage, 4–6 months after shrinkage, otherwise there may be big troubles.

Materials

The sealant is used very often for wooden houses. Moss, felt or hemp are sold in convenient rolls, so cut into strips required sizes they are quite simple.

Floor

Insulation plays an important role in laying the floor, so the structure is made double. Insulation is placed between the two layers, which also soundproofs the room well. Using an edged board, a subfloor is created.

It is customary to hem this material from the bottom, but such fastening is not reliable. To improve the characteristics of the building, a cranial beam is used, which must be attached to the joists.

By following simple rules, you can easily build any shaped house from timber. Such buildings are distinguished by practicality, speed of construction and aesthetics.