Root systems should not overlap each other too much, intertwine or grow together. It is unacceptable for them to compete for water and food or, when growing, to encounter obstacles - foundations and communications.
The shape of the root system is not necessarily a mirror image of the outline of the crown. It may seem that if the crown is even and balanced, then the situation with the root system is the same. This is not entirely true.
Sometimes the roots do not extend beyond the crown projection (felt cherry). Sometimes the branches are spreading, and the root is taproot, going deep (some pines, pedunculate oak). And it happens that the crown is columnar, and the root system is superficial (columnar forms and varieties of common spruce).
In addition, the root system of some plants can change. Young Robinia pseudoacacia has a fibrous root system, and in adulthood it is similar to a superficial one. Soil and ecological conditions are also important: Scots pine forms a deep core system on sand, and a fibrous system on wet heavy soils.
The root system of plants is just as amenable to shaping as their above-ground part. This is exactly what is done in nurseries - periodically (every 4-7 years, depending on the species) plants are “transferred” from one school to another. That is, they dig up, form the above-ground part and trim the root system. The cut roots begin to branch, resulting in a compact fibrous system. It is very convenient for transportation and planting - it can be placed and straightened in any way in the planting hole. But the taproot cannot be treated this way - it does not tolerate bending and twisting.
The taproot system is characteristic of plants living where groundwater is deep (on sandy soils). It provides the plant high stability against the wind - the roots go deep, like piles. That is why mast pines on sandy hillocks stand in the winds as if nothing had happened. And the mighty forest spruces, with their sail-like crown and shallow root system, are felled relatively easily by a strong wind - there are many such defeated giants in any forest.
Roots work like water pumps. But this does not mean at all that they are necessarily buried to the aquifers. If water is close, then the root system may be fibrous or even superficial - but it performs its task successfully. For example, an adult silver birch most often has a medium-type root system - between fibrous and superficial, and its roots “pump out” about 200 (!) liters of water from the soil per day. That is why silver birch is often included in the black list of “earth drainers” and they strive to uproot it before planting a garden. And in vain - sometimes after this the area turns into a swamp.
The place for planting a plant must be chosen according to the type of its root system and according to its individual “attitude” to the level groundwater. The general rule is simple: plants with a shallow and fibrous root system are relatively tolerant of high water levels, while those with a tap root system are intolerant. If the water is near the surface, then almost all plants will suffer from soaking of the roots and will soon die (except for particularly water-loving species).
Another problem is how to plant plants in developed areas next to structures and buildings. If the root system is superficial, then it can bump into the foundation wall; if it is fibrous and taproot, it can bump into communications laid in the ground. And not only will she suffer, but she will also cause damage to buildings. There are known rules to help avoid this.
The tree should be planted at least 5 m from the wall of the building and at least 1.5 m from the sewer pipe, the bush - at least 1.5 m from the wall and at least 1.0 m from the pipe.
However, the norms are given with some reinsurance. If the tree has a spreading crown and a branched root system, then it really should not be planted closer than 5 m from the wall of the house. If it is a columnar tree with a taproot (for example, the form of Scots pine fastigiata), and garden house stands on a strip foundation, then the norm cannot be observed so strictly.
It has been established that the average depth of possible winter soil freezing in middle lane Russia - 1.5 m. In fact, this figure is extreme and very conditional. Such freezing is possible only in severe, snowless winters in areas where there is no vegetation cover. Usually in winter, only a frozen crust forms on the surface of the earth. And the root systems of woody plants in the ground do not freeze so much - otherwise there would have been no forests left long ago. After all, the common spruce can withstand freezing of the root system only down to -23 ° C, and at -24 ° C the root tissue liquefies and the tree dies.
The trouble is that many inexperienced gardeners believe that freezing of the ground one and a half meters deep is an annual norm, a common occurrence for plants. And they begin to thoughtlessly plant them in containers, on retaining walls, in roof gardens... Naturally, in the open air, without protecting the soil layer, these plantings die from freezing of the roots.
Companies involved in winter planting of large trees sometimes dig up trees in advance and leave them standing in the open air, with the root ball uncovered, while waiting for the customer. A week or two of severe frosts - the lump freezes through, the roots die. You can't see this in winter. Only at the beginning of summer will it become clear to the customer that he paid money for planting a “fresh-frozen” plant.
If the plant is free from all kinds of interference, then its root system develops normally and reaches the size needed to feed the crown. These sizes are different. For example, a two-meter rhododendron has a shallow and narrow root system. And in an apple tree it reaches almost to the edge of the crown projection, and those roots that feed the plant are located further than the others. Therefore, a near-trunk circle with a diameter of 1 m, dug in near the trunk of an apple tree with a crown diameter of 5 m, is pointless. Neither watering nor fertilizing at such a distance from the trunk will give any effect, it is better to apply foliar feeding according to the crown. This is why it is necessary to know exactly how much space is occupied by the tree's root system.
When planning your dream garden, the most exciting and exciting part is the process of choosing plants. Plantings should be in harmony with all elements of the garden. It is the vegetation that is most memorable in the garden. It must be taken into account that each plant has its own characteristics and inclination to a certain type of soil. When all the issues with soil preparation have been completed, we move on to the selection of plants. This is done taking into account their requirements for light, moisture, soil nutrition and climatic zone. It is possible, of course, to create collections and gardens that are difficult to maintain, but this requires a conscious, responsible decision. Only taking into account the above points, the plants will grow well and delight you with the lush greenery and riot of colors. But the most important rule is to start working with plants with love. Many experiments have been conducted to prove that plants respond to your attitude towards them.
Having a wide assortment of plants (unless, of course, you are collecting a collection) does not mean that the garden is beautiful. The main attention is paid to the appearance, texture, shape of leaves, color, dimensions, and flowering time of plants. It would be a good idea to become familiar with the types of root systems. This data should be taken into account when preparing planting holes and determining the location of plants.
IN garden centers plants are now sold in containers (closed root system). It is easier to create a composition from such plants and they can be planted almost all year round, except when the ground is frozen. Container plants are easier to transport and have better survival rates. It is easy to check whether a container plant is or not - just remove the plant from the container. The lump should be intertwined with roots and not fall apart. But, if the roots come out of the drainage holes, it means that the plant has not been replanted for a long time and it will be in a depressed state (you need to pay attention to such things). Large specimens are often sold in “balots” - a prepared root ball in burlap, placed in metal mesh. This is also a closed root system. Burlap rots in the ground within a season, and the mesh decomposes in 3-4 years. Therefore, such plants are planted in a net, only the upper part is cut off - this is done to allow the trunk to grow. In spring and autumn, plants with an open root system are replanted and divided - such planting material is cheaper, but planting time is reduced.
Typical root systems of woody plants:
1 – Taproot unbranched root system, the main roots during normal development are very deep (fir, ginkgo biloba, larch, pseudo-hemlock, red maple, field maple, Norway maple, hornbeam, hazel tree (bear nut), small-leaved linden, elm, horse chestnut, black alder, birch, beech, lyrodendron, yew) rice. 1
2 – The tap root system is unbranched in youth, branched with age, deep on normal soils (European larch) Fig. 2
3 – Deep, branched root system. With age, the taproot branches due to an increase in the mass of lateral roots (pedunculate oak, mountain ash, pseudo-larch, hawthorn, plum, pear, common ash) Fig. 3
4 – The taproot system is unbranched in youth, branched with age. On normal soils it is deep, on heavy soils it is flat (Scots pine) rice. 4
5 – Superficial root system. Basically, the roots are very superficial, often located radially (warty birch, Griffith pine, red oak, maple, Robinia, willow, cypress, thuja, hemlock, spruce, turf, magnolia, sumac) Fig. 5
You should know that not all plants tolerate the influence of the roots and crowns of other trees. There are a number of plants that are still quite unpretentious next to their more powerful neighbors. These are: boxwood, derain, hazel, euonymus, ivy, holly, privet, honeysuckle, pyracantha, alpine currant, elderberry, snowberry, yew, mahonia, wolfberry, chaenomeles, lingonberry, periwinkle.
The territory of our sites is usually small. Therefore, you should know by sight the plants that are inappropriate to use in small areas (unless, of course, you decide to plant one or two large plants). Types of tall plants, the height of which in maturity is from 4 to 20 meters: plain fir (15m), lawson cypress (5m), larch (18m), Serbian spruce (14m), prickly spruce (15m), Austrian black pine (15m), field maple (15m, crown diameter 12m), common maple (30m), silver maple (30m), horse chestnut (25m), forest or European beech (25m), ash (up to 35m), English oak (40m), red oak (up to 20m), Robinia (12m), white willow (crown diameter and height 20m), European linden (up to 40m), small-leaved linden (up to 20m).
But currently our market is very rich dwarf species and varieties of ornamental plants. With their help, you can very beautifully decorate even very small rockeries and mixborders, make a beautiful accent on an alpine hill, add to your collection, or carry out a single planting in front of a window or in the lawn. When selecting plants, it is very convenient to use Polish catalogs sold in garden centers. Not only are photographs of plants placed here, but their shape and size relative to the human figure are also indicated. The eye can be pleased with dwarf fir, spruce, thuja, juniper, birch, barberry, spirea, columnar oak and rowan trees, and a lot of standard forms of coniferous and deciduous plants.
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It would be nice to know that there are concepts of frost resistance and winter hardiness of plants. Frost resistance- this is the ability of plants to withstand low temperatures characteristic of a certain climatic zone. A winter hardiness– plant endurance under frequent changes environment(then a sharp cold snap with strong wind and frost, then warming, then snowfall, etc.). Each type of plant also has its own distinctive characteristics, for example: Horse chestnut is not native to our area, is frost-resistant and can grow in both sunny and shady places. Black alder requires moist soil and does not tolerate calcareous soils. Beech and hornbeam tolerate pruning well and require fresh soil. Birch also tolerates pruning well, but you need to know at what time to do it so that it does not dry out from loss of sap, but in general, this plant is unpretentious. Small-leaved linden does not tolerate soil compaction. And pedunculate oak is heat-loving and grows very slowly.
Exists plant classification in relation to lighting, soil acidity, relation to environmental influences and industrial emissions, soil compaction at the roots, wind-resistant and wind-protective plants. It is necessary to identify groups of plants that tolerate short-term flooding: field maples, ash-leaved, pseudosycamore, alder, chokeberry, birch, hornbeam, white dogwood, holly, magnolia, plum, rhododendron, black elderberry, snowberry, linden, elm, rowan, viburnum, aristolochia , clematis, honeysuckle, larch, spruce, Scots pine, Weymouth, thuja, cypress. But there are very few plants that can tolerate constantly increased water levels: turf will give weak growth, and metosequoia will require long time for perestroika, and this plant is not ours.
Heavy clay soils not uncommon for Belarus. You can completely replace the soil on the site, carry out drainage work, make the necessary slope to drain water and add a sand cushion, but in this case, we are talking about a 60cm layer of soil. from the surface to depth. For annual and herbaceous perennial plants, this is a solution to the problem, but for trees and tall shrubs, whose root system goes several meters deep, this is a help, but as long as the plant is young. Therefore, it is better to save yourself from disappointment in the future and study the list of plants suitable specifically for your conditions. Moreover, the list of plants is quite large: maple, alder, hornbeam, turf, hazel, cotoneaster, hawthorn, euonymus, beech, forsythia, ash, ivy, holly, oak, alpine currant, rose hip, blackberry, willow, clematis. Conifers: cypress, larch, microbiota, spruce, pseudohemlock. It should be remembered that some varieties of the above plants can be very whimsical, but an individual approach is important here. And species plants calmly tolerate these conditions.
Very important indicator – soil acidity. In the past, we have already said that acidic soils predominate in Belarus, but conifers, rhododendrons, hydrangeas and some other plants require a special substrate. It must be added to the planting hole and mixed with the existing soil. Let's consider many people's favorite hydrangea- about the physiological origin of color changes in these plants. How to get blue hydrangeas? It is very important to choose the right variety. Pure blue coloring is possible only in pink-flowered varieties whose flowers contain a sufficient amount of the dye delphinidin. White flowers do not have this dye, so they will never turn blue. Dark pink varieties such as 'Hamburg' contain small amounts of delphinidin in their flower cells. They are red dominant and will produce purple, which can also be interesting. Only with sufficient addition of aluminum to the soil before flowering can a pure blue color be obtained. Aluminum can be applied to plants in soil with a low pH value, because... it only degrades sufficiently at values less than 5.0 and can be taken up by plants. Aluminum sulfate is added from 1.5 to 5 per cubic meter. Hydrangea of the delicate variety “Bouquet of Roses” easily changes color even in slightly acidic soil. But it should be noted that plants with blue flowers are much shorter than those with blue and pink flowers. Mixed-colored specimens can be the largest.
Plants for acidic soils: Conifers - fir, cypress, ginkgo, juniper, spruce, microbiota, low pine or dwarf pine, Weymouth pine, Scots pine, Griffith pine, pseudo-hemlock, yew, thuja, hemlock. Deciduous - broom, dabecia, deutzia, oleaster, erica, gorse, hydrangea, holly, willow, magnolia, pachysandra apex, types of cinquefoil, swamp oak, red, some varieties of currants, raspberries, blackberries, roses, red elderberry, blueberries. Rowan, viburnum, spirea, lilac, turf - withstand acidic soils.
If we are more or less clear about moisture and acidity, then “turn on” sunlight in shady corners and there will be no buildings on the north side. But nature took care of this too. If such conditions exist, then there will be plants for them. Green varieties of barberries feel good without the bright sun; they tolerate shade: boxwood, hornbeam, turf, hazel, cotoneaster, hawthorn, euonymus, beech, holteria, witch hazel, ivy, hydrangea, holly, kerria, privet, honeysuckle (flowering will not plentiful), some varieties of magnolia, pachysandra, bladderwort, Japanese pieris (in our zone it overwinters under cover), bird cherry, rhododendron, some varieties of gooseberries, rose hips, elderberry, rowan, varieties of viburnum, large-leaved linden, euonymus fortune, clematis, aristolochia. Coniferous plants: fir, types and varieties of spruce, cypress, hemlock, microbiota, western thuja, folded thuja, chisel-shaped thuja.
It is necessary to note one more very important point, which is usually not paid attention to - they are found in nature poisonous plants, and they are widely used in landscaping. If there are small children in the house, their attention is often attracted by berries on ornamental plants; they often tear off the bark from branches or take parts of plants into their mouths. All parts of the plant are poisonous, and 10-12 berries are a lethal dose for children. All parts of the euonymus are poisonous, and 36 berries are lethal to an adult. Holly has poisonous fruits and leaves, 30 berries are lethal to an adult. In bean - all parts of the plant are very dangerous, 4 beans are a lethal dose for a child. Sumac has dangerous bark and milky sap. In juniper, all parts of the plant are poisonous, 20 grams are lethal, the ends of the shoots are especially dangerous. Datura, lily of the valley, foxglove are also classified as poisonous plants, but they are not as dangerous as the above.
Allergy is an insidious disease and it is necessary to know allergens of natural origin. The most numerous group of allergens that enter the body mainly from the air and through direct contact with the skin: plant pollen (most of the pollen is released by plants in the morning), mold spores, powdery mildew, the juice of some plants that is released when they are damaged. There are two periods when pollen is constantly in the air - spring, when deciduous trees bloom, and summer, the time of flowering of grasses. You can leave during this period. I don’t want to create an image of enemy plants; each of the following has uniquely beautiful properties. Deciduous trees: goat willow, black and gray alder, poplar, aspen, hazel, birch, ash, jasmine. Lawn grass You can’t let them bloom and mow them on time. Cereals and forbs: oats, rye, wheat, rice, wheatgrass, timothy, hedgehog grass, ragweed, meadow grass, chaff, chamomile, fescue, plantain, ryegrass, foxtail, ornamental grasses, yarrow, asters, chrysanthemums, helenium. Many herbs bloom during the flowering of poplars and it is the herbs that cause allergic reactions, and poplars are only a source of fluff. Plants that cause phytodermatoses: nettle, wolfsbane, dandelion, white pigweed, quinoa, wormwood, nightshade, ivy leaves, primrose plants.
The plant is monoecious, with bisexual flowers in inflorescences, fruiting mainly on ringlets and fruit twigs. Biologically it is close to the common mountain ash. It differs from ne.e by simple leathery leaves, dark-colored fruits and a bushy type of growth (the height of the bush does not exceed 2-3 m). The root system is horizontal, fibrous, superficial, undemanding to soil conditions.[...]
It blooms from July to autumn; ripe spikelets fall off along with the inflorescence. One plant produces about 1000-2000 seeds. For seed germination, a temperature of 20-35 °C and sufficient soil moisture are required. Shoots are formed only when seeds are planted superficially to a depth of 3 cm, and light increases their germination by 2 times. The root system is represented by adventitious roots, penetrating into the soil to a depth of 1.5-2 m. Thick rhizomes, penetrating the arable layer in all directions, bear renewal buds in numerous nodes and on loose soils concentrated mainly in a layer up to 20-25 cm. Aboveground shoots are formed from buds or from ascending rhizomes. Some of them bear fruit, while others, especially on dense soils, stretch across the surface in the form of lashes, and after 1-3 m their tops sink back into the soil. Therefore, there is a strong sodding of the soil by pigweed.[...]
In the fight against thistle, agrotechnical measures are widely practiced. Peeling after harvesting ensures the elimination of relatively weak young plants grown from seeds. For well-developed plants, the attrition method is used, which includes repeated surface treatments with deep pruning of the root system. Pruning the root system accelerates the awakening of renewal buds, weakens and depletes the viability of plants. The greatest success in destroying this weed is achieved with a combination of mechanical and chemical methods. In crops, thistle is well suppressed by herbicides 2,4-D, 2M-4HP, as well as their mixtures.[...]
In the spring of 1997, due to the increased thickness of the snow cover containing large reserves of water, during the period of snowmelt on the slope where experiment 5 is located, an intense runoff of meltwater formed, which led to the development of soil erosion. Melt water, flowing down a waterlogged layer of soil that had thawed from the surface and was underlain by permafrost, which served as an aquifer, producing stream erosion in the plots to a depth of soil thawing (3-5 cm). Due to the exposure of the tillering node and the upper part of the root system, plants died in areas of soil erosion. The plants in the plots of the first repetition of the experiment, located in the concave part of the slope, along which the most concentrated surface runoff passed, suffered most significantly from erosion. In this regard, the first repetition of the experiment, in which more than 50% of the plants died from erosion, was excluded from the experiment and plowed.[...]
Each of the three types of xerophyte root systems is oriented to different water sources. Plants with deeply penetrating taproots use deep water, which, although difficult to reach, is a fairly reliable constant source of water supply. Plants with a superficial type of root system are focused on maximizing the use of precipitation almost at the moment it falls. Such plants are able to utilize rainfall to a greater extent than plants with a deep root system. A powerful root system, intensively penetrating the entire volume of soil accessible to the plant, occupies an intermediate position. It uses water that has penetrated into the soil and is retained by it, i.e., has not gone into the depths where groundwater lies. [...]
Due to deeper root systems, most plants are capable of activating bio-geochemical exchange between deeper layers of soil and the arable horizon. Absorbing nutrients from the deep layers of the soil, they lift phosphorus, calcium, and microelements into the surface layers, where the root systems of cultivated plants are concentrated. A one-year crop of S. replaces the application of 25 kg/ha of phosphorus.[...]
Young generative plants retain the ability to form sylleptic shoots. The shoots of the basal part of the crown are so long and thin that they sag downward under the influence of their own gravity. In the basal part of the trunk the crust is fissured. The leaves of the adult type, predominantly with a wedge-shaped blade base, are rhombic. The root system is adventitious, superficial.[...]
Weeds with a deep root system extract minerals from deep layers of soil inaccessible to cultivated plants. Nutrients, extracted by weeds from the depths of the soil, the surface layer of the soil is enriched, and this helps to improve the conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants. Weeds to a certain extent protect the soil from erosion, preventing the movement of elements of mineral nutrition of plants outside the agrobiogeocenosis. Weeds diversify the species composition of the agrobiocenosis, contributing to an increase in the number of associated animal species and especially insects. The emergence of new symbiotic relationships is stimulated, bringing the agrobiocenosis closer to the natural community. The multi-species composition of the agrobiocenosis prevents the excessive proliferation of dominant insects that can cause significant damage to crops. Crops without weeds are more often affected by Pests..[...]
Cucumber is an annual creeping plant. With the help of antennae it is firmly attached to supports and grows upward. The leaves are angular-heart-shaped, large, alternate, appearing in the axils of the leaves. male flowers(barren flower) and fruiting female (ovary). As a rule, more female flowers are formed on the side shoots than on the main one. When growing cucumbers in protected soil, in order to obtain an early and healthy harvest, the main shoot of the plants is pinched above the second or 3-4th leaf. Cucumbers were brought to us from the hot tropics, so their high requirements for heat and moisture are the most characteristic feature cucumber plants. It is no coincidence that people call “cucumber” years, when the weather is warm in the summer, drizzling rains fall every day or two and warm evaporation occurs from the heated surface of the earth. In an atmosphere of air drought, the growth of cucumbers weakens and even stops. Cucumbers are also demanding on soil moisture. Their root system develops in the surface layer of soil and changes in the moisture content of this layer negatively affect general development plants. To keep the top layer of soil (10-15 cm) moist all the time, cucumbers require small but frequent watering. [...]
Features of caring for early spring bulbous plants. The main value of early spring bulbous plants lies in their very early flowering, which does not recur during the summer. Therefore, early spring bulbous plants are planted in sunny places near the house against the backdrop of a lawn or in front of small bushes. After the leaves begin to die off in June and July, the space vacated in the flower garden from early spring bulbous plants can only be occupied by annual plants with a shallow and superficial root system, for example, nemesia, lobelia, purslane. This is why early spring bulbous plants are not planted in the center of the flower garden.[...]
Phosphorus absorbed (adsorbed) on the surface of the root system was easily washed off when the root system was immersed in water and was much more difficult to enter into the plants. Of the total amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the root during 20 minutes of the plants being in water, almost seven times less entered the above-ground organs than was lost into the external solution during the same time. It seems that the first portions of phosphorus adsorbed by the roots in a short period of time cannot move further throughout the plant and that this is more easily accomplished for new portions of phosphorus entering the plants after the surface absorption capacity of the root is saturated. [...]
It is also possible to arrange letniks that are similar in color, but with a different structure of the bush, for example, eschol-tsia, gatsaniya and marigold. The contrasting combination of yellow and purple (Tagetes Gnome and Ageratum) has become classic. The superficial root system of annual plants (salvia, begonia, gracilis, terry petunia, nasturtium, lobelia) allows them to be planted in wide vases, boxes, decorative containers, etc. The long flowering of these plants creates decorative effect for several months.[...]
The amount of suspended material that can be removed from the surface by runoff depends to a large extent on the vegetation cover (Figure 2.13). The structure of plants above the ground surface is a physical barrier that reduces the intensity of surface runoff. The root system of plants underground adheres to soil particles, which prevents erosion.[...]
In this work, we were interested in a general question: how deeply are surface effects on plants reflected by solutions? chemical compounds on the course of physiological processes remotely related to what happens at the site of exposure. In particular, it seemed interesting to consider the nature of the effect of surface spraying with growth-activating substances on the activity of the root system of a plant organism. The studies were carried out on wheat of the Lutescens 758 variety and tomatoes of the “Best of All” variety. As a growth regulator, the sodium salt of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was taken in the form of an aqueous solution, which was sprayed on the plants. The experiments were intended to trace the effect of toxic doses of 2,4-D and lower, stimulating doses that cause formative changes in plants.[...]
The leaves are entire, broadly oval, basal, along the main velvety green background along the veins there are darker spots of oval, elongated or linear shape, the underside of the leaves is purple, with the same pattern. Petioles are long, up to 15 cm, with wings. In nature, this species, like other representatives of the arrowroot family, lives in the tropics of Brazil, in the Amazon River basin, where there is high temperature and the air is saturated with water vapor, which determines the plant’s requirements for culture: shade- and moisture-loving, needs constant spraying and maintaining high air humidity and covering the rhizomes with damp moss, winter temperatures should not fall below 17°, grows well with northern exposure, but if protected from direct sunlight, can be kept in western and eastern exposure. Soil mixture: leaf, humus, peat, sand (4:1:2:2) with the addition of a small amount coniferous land and crushed charcoal. Maranths have a superficial root system, so they are cultivated in flat containers, arranging good drainage. At the slightest dryness, the plants curl their leaves, and when water stagnates, the roots rot, so in winter you need to water moderately. Propagated by dividing large specimens in the spring during the period of active growth. In wide containers or in the soil of the winter garden, calatheas grow luxuriantly, forming spectacular decorative foliage groups. They are also good for arranging flower baskets. In indoor conditions with high dry air, it is better to grow calatheas and some types of arrowroot in glass greenhouses with a waterproof door and artificial lighting with lamps daylight(Fig. 60).[...]
Of the 13 dogwood species found in the USSR, the most famous and useful is the male dogwood (C. mas). This is a large, up to 4-5 m high, multi-stemmed shrub, sometimes taking the form of a low (5-7, rarely up to 9 m) tree. Male dogwood is widespread in the mountains (from the foothills to 700-800 m) of the Caucasus and Crimea; it also grows in the south of the European part of the USSR, and outside our country - in Southern and Central Europe and in Asia Minor. This is a very unpretentious plant. It can be found on slopes of all exposures, in a wide variety of soils, including dry gravelly, in the undergrowth of deciduous forests, in thickets of bushes and on open sunny slopes; The superficial mycorrhizal root system allows the dogwood to gain a foothold even on significant steepness.[...]
The movement of water in the soil from bottom to top is carried out by capillary forces. Since this is a surface tension phenomenon, the height of water rise is inversely proportional to the diameter of the soil pores. Thus, the smaller the pores, the greater the distance of capillary movement. The rise of capillary water from the groundwater level (the depth at which all soil is at field moisture capacity) replenishes water lost to plants and to soil evaporation. Loss of water through evaporation affects only the top layers of the soil, since as the water column increases, higher and higher pressure is required to extract soil moisture. During periods of prolonged drought, it is easy to recognize plants with a shallow root system.[...]
The correct choice of variety plays a big role. IN last years interlinear hybrids of Pb were bred Hybrid plant on 20 clusters it produces more than 20 kg of fruit. It should be noted that seeds collected from hybrids cannot be used for sowing in subsequent years, since the plants from them do not have high qualities. I have new variety, which I called Golden Acres Dwarf. Plant growth stops when they reach a height of about 1.2 m. This is a very bushy standard variety that does not require supports. The variety Lycopersicum exulentum with its excellent shallow root system is very valuable for both large and small hydroponic farms.[...]
The main condition for building a stable, long-functioning composition is the correct selection of species from the point of view of their ecology, namely the same requirements for irrigation regime, illumination and soil composition. When planting in groups, it is important to take into account the nature of the root system and the growth rate of each species. Plants with a shallow root system and deep ones with a strong taproot system are planted in low flowerpots. When planted freely in the ground, plants grow very quickly and luxuriantly, losing their original proportions. This method of planting is suitable for compositions built symmetrically, that is, visible from all sides, and according to the principle of a free, natural arrangement of plants. When building asymmetrical compositions, it is better to cultivate each plant in a separate pot, and combine it into a group using any filler - peat, moss, vermiculite, sand, expanded clay. A potted culture inhibits the development of root systems and, accordingly, above-ground parts of plants, slows down their growth, and the composition as a whole retains its original proportions longer. The advantage of such planting is also the ability, if necessary, to quickly replace one specimen with another without damaging the roots of the plant. Routine care of the compositions consists of watering and fertilizing, taking into account the rhythm of plant development, alternating periods of dormancy and growing season, timely pinching and pruning. Group plantings and tapeworms in mobile containers are recommended to be rotated periodically to avoid uneven growth of shoots due to one-sided lighting.[...]
The selective action of auxins depends on a number of factors. Very often, dicotyledonous plants with horizontally located wide leaves are sensitive, and the solution is retained after spraying, while plants, often monocotyledonous, with narrow, vertically directed leaves from which droplets easily roll off, are resistant. In addition, the epidermis of some plants is more permeable to auxin solutions than that of others. Another reason for the selectivity in the action of herbicides when treating soil with them is associated with their solubility in water. For example, a weakly polar herbicide can be adsorbed in the surface layers of the soil. From here it is absorbed by weeds with a shallow root system, which die as a result, while cultivated plants with deeper roots are not damaged. Conversely, if the crop's roots are shallow, a more polar herbicide can be used, which will trickle down and be absorbed by deep-rooted weeds. However, more important than all these factors, there is a hereditary difference in the sensitivity of living cells of different plant species to synthetic auxins.[...]
When setting the timing of fertilizer application and the depth of their application, in particular when fertilizing, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the development of the plant root system, the depth of its penetration, as well as the ability of some crops to form additional roots that develop in the surface layers of the soil.[...]
On steeper slopes, plants with a strong and deep root system - shrubs - are used to reduce the mobility of disturbed soils and slow down the processes of solifluction. In this case, much attention is paid to preventing the washing away of crops of grass or shrubs by surface runoff, especially in the initial period. Do you use it at high speed of surface runoff on steep slopes? mulching - covering the roots of plants with straw, manure, branches or leaves, and in addition, drainage ditches are arranged. [...]
The role of mycorrhiza is very great in tropical rain forests, where the absorption of nitrogen and other inorganic substances occurs with the participation mycorrhizal fungus, which feeds on saprotrophs on fallen leaves, stems, fruits, seeds, etc. The main source minerals It is not the soil itself that appears here, but soil fungi. Minerals enter the mushroom directly from the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi. In this way, more extensive use of minerals and their more complete circulation are ensured. This explains that most of the root system of rain forest plants is in the surface layer of soil at a depth of about 0.3 m. [...]
MICROIRRIGATION is the most economical water-saving methods of irrigation, among which the most famous is drip irrigation. With this method of irrigation, water is supplied through a system of distribution plastic pipelines, on which each plant has droppers that supply moisture drop by drop onto the soil surface into the area where the bulk of plant roots spread (used in former USSR); or porous tubes laid above the ground or delivering water directly to the root system. All this significantly reduces losses from evaporation and seepage, but most importantly, when drip irrigation 20-25% less water is consumed than with conventional sprinkling, and 40-60% less than with surface irrigation. This economical method of irrigating agricultural land has become widely used in many countries of the world (Table 40), and the area of land irrigated using microirrigation in the world has increased almost 8 times since the mid-70s, and currently this value is more than 475 thousand ha. Experiments carried out in foreign countries (USA, Israel, South Africa) showed that the use of M. made it possible to increase the yield of alfalfa by 2 times, potatoes by 75%, barley by 43%, etc. (Poustel, 1989).[...]
Deserts are grassy and shrubby (some areas of Africa, for example the Sahara, the Middle East and Central Asia, the Great Basin and the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, etc.). The climate is very dry, with hot days and cold nights, precipitation less than 200-250 mm per year. Vegetation: xerophytic grasses and sparse shrubs, cacti, many ephemerals that quickly develop after short rains. The root systems of plants are extensive, superficial, intercepting moisture from rare precipitation or tap roots that penetrate the ground to the groundwater level (30 m and deeper). Fauna: a variety of rodents (jerboas, ground squirrels), ungulates (kulans, goitered gazelle, pronghorn antelope), predators (wolf, coyote, corsac fox). Among the birds are sajja, hazel grouse, and larks. Lots of reptiles, insects and arachnids. The soils are light brown, gray soils, takyrs. Ecosystems are fragile and easily damaged by overgrazing, wind and water erosion.[...]
Leaching of trace elements and their inclusion in migration processes occurs not only as a result of the influence of abiogenic factors on rocks and the products of their mechanical destruction. Living organisms also play an active part in this. Some of them, primarily woody plants, extract ore elements, including heavy metals, from the depths using their root systems. The subsequent decomposition of leaf litter and dead wood leads to the enrichment of the surface layer of soil with these elements. Consequently, we can talk about the functioning of a kind of geochemical, or rather biogeochemical pump (V.M. Goldshmidt), due to which geochemical anomalies are often formed on the surface.[...]
Regarding the impact of emissions on wildlife, then the following circumstances should be taken into account. For the conditions of the Bovanenkovo field, for almost 9 months the ground surface is covered with snow, in which there is a gradual accumulation of acidic precipitation, essentially without any further physical and chemical transformations. During the spring flood, part of the pollutants dissolved in the water is carried away with the riverbed flow of the Seyakha River, which flows through the territory of the complex. However, due to a poorly developed drainage system, in most of the fishing area during the flood period there is no active mixing and movement of “polluted” water, and it remains geographically in approximately the same zones (in the same areas) where there was a surface accumulation of pollutants, i.e. .e. either in adjacent reservoirs, increasing the acidity of the upper layers of water, or in the upper soil layer, having a partially negative effect on the root system of plants. However, as the analysis showed, the main negative impact on mosses and lichens (the main type of plant cover for the area where the BGCF is located), and during their spring-summer growing season, is caused by “acidic” precipitation. A histogram of the area distribution of some threshold levels of irreversible changes in mosses and lichens due to the effects of acidic precipitation is presented in Fig. 15.
Taking into account the area of distribution of the root system is very important when creating compositions of woody plants and planning plantings of the lower tier. In an ideally composed composition, all layers of soil are mastered by the roots of different plants, and they minimally compete with each other for moisture and nutrition.
Knowledge of the distribution of roots will make it easier to care for the garden and avoid numerous complications. For example, you should not paving under Robinia, whose roots will lift the tiles. It is especially important to ensure that trees with shallow roots do not suppress perennials in nearby flower beds. It is better to install a root-protective membrane when they are close together.
Plants with tap roots, like pine trees, obtain moisture and nutrition from the lower layers of the soil. They are resistant to drought and wind, leave living space for shrubs and herbaceous plants, and do not compete with them. However, they usually suffer from high groundwater levels and are painful to transplant.
On the other hand, species with shallow roots, like birch or willow, densely fill the surface layer of soil, taking all the moisture and nutrition for themselves. They are better adapted to waterlogged soils. Under their canopy there is little room for other plants to grow. Often such species are suppressed when the soil is over-compacted.
From Delenka: This table will help you avoid many mistakes when drawing up tree and shrub compositions. You will find the symbols below, under the table.
| Russian name | Latin name | Plant size | Simplicity of content |
| Plants with a deep (tap) root system | |||
| Bloodthorn hawthorn, single-pistillate | Crataegus sanguinea, c. monogyna | *** | ++ |
| Common pear, g. | Pirus communis, p. salicifolia | ** | +++ |
| English oak | Quercus robur | **** | ++++ |
| Norway maple | Acer pseudoplatanus | **** | +++ |
| Horse chestnut | Aesculus hippocastanum | **** | +++ |
| Siberian larch | Larix sibirica | **** | ++++ |
| Red cedar | Juneperus virginiana | ** | + |
| Black walnut | Juglans nigra | **** | ++++ |
| Scots pine, cedar pine | Pinus silvestris, p. sibirica | **** | ++++ |
| Laurel poplar | Populus laurifolia | **** | ++++ |
| Common ash | Fraxinus excelsior | **** | ++++ |
| Species with a dense compact root system | |||
| Honeysuckle Maak et al. | Lonicera maackii | ** | + |
| Common hazel | Corylus avellana | *** | ++ |
| Linden flat-leaved | Tilia platifillum, t. cordata | **** | ++++ |
| Fir one color | Abies concolor | **** | ++ |
| Menzies's Pseudo-tsuga | Pseudotsuga menziesi | **** | +++ |
| Chinese plum | Prunus salicina | ** | +++ |
| Mountain ash | Sorbus aucuparia | *** | +++ |
| Yew berry | Taxus baccata | ** | + |
| Niedzvetsky apple tree | Malus niedzwetzkyana | *** | ++ |
| Plants with shallow root systems | |||
| Amur velvet | Phellodendron amurense | *** | +++ |
| Silver birch | Betula pendula | **** | ++++ |
| Derain white | Cornus alba | ** | + |
| Red and swamp oak | Quercus rubra, Q.palustris | **** | ++++ |
| Norway spruce | Picea abies | **** | ++++ |
| Holly willow | Salix acutifolia | ** | +++ |
| Irga roundifolia | Amelancier rotundifolia | ** | ++ |
| Silver, red, ginnala maples | Acer saccharinum, A. rubrum, A.ginnala | ** (****) | +++ |
| Gmelin larch | Larix gmelinii | **** | +++ |
| Magnolia star | Magnolia stellata | ** | + |
| Robinia pseudoacacia | Robinia pseudoacacia | **** | ++++ |
| Yellow rhododendron and other species | Rhododendron luteum | ** | ++ |
| Mountain pine | Pinus mugo | * (**) | ++++ |
| Snowberry white | Symphoricarpus albus | * | ++++ |
| Thuja occidentalis | Thuja occidenthalis | *** | +++ |
Conventions used in the table
Large tree, height more than 8-10 m (****)
Small tree, height up to 10 m (***)
Large shrub, height from 2 to 3 m (**)
Small bush (*)
Does not require maintenance (++++)
Virtually no maintenance required (+++)
A little care (++)
Regular care (+)
In almost every garden you can find decorative flowering shrubs. They have many advantages. Firstly, they are very beautiful, secondly, many of them are quite frost-resistant, thirdly, they come in high and low (which expands the possibilities of use for different types landscapes). But the main thing is that with proper selection, you can achieve constant flowering of shrubs from the first days of spring until late autumn. They are valued not only for their beautiful, often fragrant flowers, but also for their decorative leaves, crown shape and various fruits. There is a great variety of ornamental shrubs.
Most shrubs do not lose their decorative value throughout the warm season, and some remain attractive even in winter.
There are shrubs that attract with their bright and abundant flowering; they can be called beautifully flowering. And there are those that cannot boast of beautiful flowers, but they have leaves of an unusual color or shape. Such bushes can be called decorative deciduous.
The first group includes rhododendrons, lilacs, hydrangea, buldenezh, spirea, hawthorn, buddleia, euonymus and some types of barberry. And from the second group we can name Thunberg barberry, holly, privet, leather mackerel and others.
Flowering ornamental shrubs can also be divided into groups according to flowering time. In April, forsythia, wolfberry, and daphne delight us. A little later they are joined by chaenomeles, low almond, cotoneaster, spirea, and barberry. In May, viburnum, rosehip, lilac, and mock orange take up the baton. Summer gives us the blooming of roses, cinquefoils, and some varieties of spirea. In July, hydrangeas captivate with their beauty, decorating gardens until the coldest weather. In early autumn the following flowers bloom: heather and kalmia. Well, in winter the garden will be decorated with holly and its coniferous counterparts.
Autumn gardens look unusually colorful and elegant, thanks to some deciduous species of shrubs. When nothing else is blooming, barberry, euonymus, chokeberry, spirea, rosehip, scumpia and hybrid azaleas add bright colors in a variety of autumn colors with their foliage. Most shrubs bear fruits, which are also very decorative.
Shrubs differ in growth; you can choose both dwarf - low-growing and tall varieties. The shape of the crown can be dome-shaped, upright (pyramidal), fountain-shaped, or creeping.
In addition to beauty and decorativeness, the practical properties of shrubs should also be emphasized. They grow quite quickly and are long-lived (up to 5-8 years without transplantation). Most of them are unpretentious to light, soil composition, and are quite frost-resistant. Does not require constant care. Thanks to their superficial root system, they can grow on slopes, fixing loose soil.
Barberry (Berberis)- deciduous or evergreen thorny shrubs, barberry family. The color of barberry leaves is very diverse; in addition to the usual green, it can be variegated - with spots or a border, as well as purple or yellow. The height of the bush also varies, depending on the variety. The range is from low - up to 30 cm, to high - more than 3 m. The flowers of barberry are small yellow bells. Blooms in mid-May. A wonderful honey plant. 
It will not cause much trouble, because it is a very unpretentious shrub. Loves light, but grows well in the shade. It is completely undemanding to soils, it only does not tolerate soaking. Not afraid of wind and drought. It is frost-resistant, especially the Thunberg barberry variety (Berberis thunbergii), but in the first three years a little shelter is needed for the winter. If the variety of barberry is unknown to you, then you need to make a frame of arches and cover non-woven material in two layers (since some variegated varieties may be less frost-resistant).
Low-growing species of barberry look gorgeous on rocky hills and in rock gardens. And the tall ones are like tapeworms and in group plantings. This bush is a leader in its use in hedges and borders, both trimmed and free.
Common privet (Ligustrum vulgare)- deciduous or evergreen shrub, olive family, 2-3 meters high. In June-August, cute paniculate inflorescences appear with pleasant aroma, white or cream. They are replaced by shiny black fruits. The leaves are leathery, dark green in most varieties, but there are also decorative forms with yellow, bluish-silver leaves.
Privet is an unpretentious plant. Can grow in sun and partial shade. Any soil is suitable (except clayey with an acidic reaction). Drought-resistant; in very hot weather, rare but abundant watering is recommended. Winter-hardy, easily restored, only some varieties need to be covered.
The peculiarity of privet is that it responds very well to cutting and can retain its shape for a long time. Therefore, it is great for dense borders. It makes wonderful molded hedges. You can even create unusual living walls. Topiary figures cut from privet are an excellent landscape decoration.
Spiraea- deciduous shrub with beautifully arching branches, family Rosaceae. This is a large genus of shrubs, which is divided into spring-flowering and summer-flowering. Flowers come in a variety of inflorescence shapes and colors (from white to deep crimson). Its height does not exceed 2 m.
The plant is very unpretentious. Well adapted to urban conditions. Grows normally in partial shade, but prefers sunny places. Any soil is suitable, but slightly acidic is better. Watering is moderate. It grows quickly and blooms in the third year. Frost-resistant.
Has acquired well-deserved love from gardeners and landscape designers. The great variety of its varieties provides many opportunities for creativity. The shape of the bush can be pyramidal, spherical, flowing. The leaf color varies from green to yellow, orange or purple-red. Numerous small flowers are collected in inflorescences of various shapes. All these features of the crown, leaves and flowers allow you to create wonderful compositions. And if you choose the right varieties, you can admire continuous flowering spirea throughout the warm season. Used in rockeries, hedges, and as a frame for green-leaved groups of trees.
Bobovnik (Laburnum)- legume family, has 6 species of shrubs, valued for their beautiful flowering. The most common are Laburnum anagyroides and Alpine bean (Laburnum alpinum). “Golden Rain” is a shrub with smooth green and later light brown bark. It can have either a pyramidal or dome-shaped drooping crown shape. The leaves are trifoliate, consisting of oval leaves, the underside of which is pubescent. At the end of summer they turn light yellow. Blooms in May. Inflorescences in the form of a large hanging raceme (up to 30 cm), consisting of yellow flowers with moth-like corollas. They have a weak aroma. The fruits are initially pubescent, then become smooth. Alpine bean is very similar to Golden Rain, although it is more frost-resistant. It has smaller branches and leaves, and the fruits are not pubescent.
The plant is poisonous! The fruits contain alkaloids - laburnine and cytisine. Children should not be allowed near him.
Bobovnik is light-loving. It is undemanding to soil, but good drainage is required. The bean tree requires constant pruning to prevent the bush from growing into a large (up to 7 m) tree. While the trees are young, they need support. For the first three years, young plants should be mulched and covered with agrofibre. After a slight freezing, the crown quickly recovers.
Both in group and single plantings it looks very bright and beautiful, thanks to a large number huge flower brushes. Bean plants make delightful canopies and pergolas.
Rhododendron- deciduous or evergreen shrub, heather family. It grows naturally in Western Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia and China. There are many varieties with varied foliage: spear-shaped, round, oval. Inflorescences are corymbose. The shape of the flowers and their color are also very diverse; their beauty can rival even roses. They bloom from late April and almost all summer. They are gradually being grown in gardens, but you need to carefully select frost-resistant varieties that can survive the winter in our climate.
The area for planting rhododendrons should be protected from the wind and be in partial shade. The soil will be acidic or neutral. Regular watering is required.
In our area they do not reach large sizes. Having picked up various varieties rhododendrons, you can ensure their constant flowering throughout the season. They look very nice next to coniferous plants. Their low-growing varieties Great for rock gardens. Rhododendrons are used to create hedges near water bodies.
Irga (Amelanchier)- deciduous shrub or small tree, family Rosaceae. In spring, beautiful white flowers bloom on the serviceberry, often ahead of the leaves. Flowering is short-lived, after which small black-purple round-shaped fruits appear (similar to tiny apples). 
The fruits are tasty, juicy, rich in vitamins (especially P). The green leaves of the serviceberry in the fall flash with bright colors: yellow, scarlet.
Irga is a very unpretentious plant. Light-loving, but also tolerates shade. Does not like waterlogging. Very winter-hardy. It is not afraid of either cold wind or spring frosts. Some types of this ornamental shrub are even suitable for decorating a garden in Siberia and the Far North.
This is not a complete list of frost-resistant ornamental shrubs.
Shadow lovers
Many ornamental shrubs can grow and develop normally in moderately shaded areas. True, this may affect the abundance of flowering. Some tolerate shading well, moreover, direct sunlight is contraindicated for them.
Dogwood (Cornus)- deciduous, highly branched shrub, dogwood family. In spring, dogwood decorates the garden with its blooms. Small white, purple or yellow flowers dogwoods are collected in a head or umbrella (depending on the species). There are varieties that have small flowers in inflorescences are unsightly, but are surrounded by large bright petal-shaped leaves (bractea). 
In autumn, dogwood foliage also pleases the eye with bright yellow, orange and crimson colors. The fruits also ripen in the fall. Most often dark red, sometimes light yellow or pink, oblong in shape. They not only add decorative value to the bush, but are also tasty and healthy.
Dogwood leaves easily get burned in full sun, so shaded areas are suitable for it. Prefers moist soil and air. It is undemanding to soil composition. Most varieties are frost-resistant, but some require a little shelter for the winter. Dogwood is distinguished by its durability. In landscape design, dogwood bushes are used as tapeworms or in mixborders.
Hydrangea (Hydrangea)- Hydrangeaceae family, deciduous ornamental shrub. The flowers are collected in large dome-shaped or paniculate inflorescences. Most often they are white, but blue, red and pink are also found. The color of some plants may vary depending on the chemical composition of the soil. IN 
Depending on the variety, the height of the bushes ranges from 1 to 3 meters. There are also dwarf varieties.
The plant is moisture-loving, best planted in partial shade. Many varieties of paniculate and tree hydrangea are frost-resistant. However, protection is necessary in winter: pinning branches to the ground, followed by spruce branches and agrofibre. Frozen branches are cut off in the spring and the plant grows back quickly.
In landscape design it is used both alone and in compositions with conifers or other ornamental shrubs, as well as bulbous flowers. The bushes look amazing due to the splendor of the inflorescences and their large number.
Holly (Ilex aquifolium) or holly- evergreen or deciduous shrub, holly family. IN wildlife grows almost everywhere. This beautiful plant with dark green or bicolor leathery leaves. Flowering lasts only two weeks from May to July (depending on the variety). The flowers are small, white and fragrant. It is especially decorative with the onset of winter, when modest flowers are replaced by bright fruits made of beaded berries. Holly is an essential component of Western Christmas wreaths. 
Many varieties of holly have been developed. Some have a white or yellow border around the edges of the leaves, or a hint of blue. The purely male variety Blue Prince is an excellent pollinator. It should be noted that holly is a dioecious plant and female varieties delight us with red berries only if a male specimen grows nearby.
Areas exposed to the sun are contraindicated for holly, as it may suffer from sunburn. It should be planted in a shady place with forest soil. Does not tolerate drought, requires regular moisture. Most varieties are frost-resistant.
Thanks to its thick and spiky foliage, holly is good for use as hedge. It is a slow-growing bush that responds well to pruning, which is why it makes wonderful topiary. The beautiful leaves of holly in summer make an excellent backdrop for bulbs or other perennial flowers. Evergreen foliage and red berries in winter make holly a bright accent in a deserted garden.
Coniferous shrubs
There is also a type of ornamental shrubs that have neither beautiful leaves nor flowers, but that makes them no less attractive. These are coniferous shrubs.
Juniper (Juniperus)- an evergreen shrub of the cypress family. The needles are needle-shaped or scaly. The fruits are blue-black cones (sometimes red-brown). The plant is dioecious. Exists 
many types of juniper. Among them there are also tall bushes (more than two meters), and some that are completely dwarf (up to 30 cm). They are also presented in a variety of shapes: creeping, pyramidal, dome-shaped. Many frost-resistant varieties.
Junipers grow well in bright sunny areas. Undemanding to soils. Drought resistant. In dry summers, they need to be watered well several times. Even frost-resistant varieties require winter shelter in the first year after planting. Junipers with a pyramidal crown must be tied for the winter so that the branches do not break under the weight of snow.
Low-growing and creeping varieties of juniper are used in alpine hills and for securing slopes and slopes. You can also create very original borders from them. High varieties are used in single and small group plantings.
Thuja– evergreen trees and shrubs, cypress family. Leaves are scale-like. The fruits are oblong or oval cones with several pairs of scales. The seeds are flat with two wings. This plant is monoecious. It has many decorative artificially bred forms.
Grows in sunny areas and in partial shade. Any soil is suitable, but it is well permeable. Regular watering and mulching of the root zone is required. Thujas are frost-resistant, but young plants require shelter for the winter in the first two to three years. Like junipers, tall pyramidal varieties of thuja must be tied for the winter to avoid damage to the branches under the weight of snow.
Due to its durability, winter hardiness and adaptability to urban conditions, thuja is very widely used in ornamental gardening in many climatic zones.
In landscape design it is used to create picturesque alleys. Living walls or hedges are formed from densely planted groups, depending on the height of the bush. Thuja also looks good as a tapeworm.
Ornamental shrubs, for the most part, are easy to care for and tolerate well winter frosts and at the same time incredibly beautiful. Everyone can choose the varieties and species that are suitable for their garden. Their diversity allows you to make your garden bright, blooming and delightful almost all year round!