Wooden blocks for building a house - application, video and price. New in the construction of houses - wooden bricks Criteria for choosing building blocks

Despite the fact that the first house made of wooden blocks was built more than two decades ago, this building material was launched into mass production in Russia only in 2013 by the Baltic Architect company. This material was patented in Russia in 2012. From the material that was used to build the first house, updated wood brick strikingly different.

Note! New wooden panels are more convenient for construction, which significantly reduces the construction period and makes the walls more reliable.

What are they - wooden blocks

Wooden blocks Several types are produced for building houses. The length and height of the bars differ. The profiled appearance of surfaces connecting to other elements remains unchanged in production technology. The bottom and top surfaces are ribbed, as are the end sides.

Construction technology is beneficial in many respects:

Lightness of the material;
Hygroscopicity;
Little waste during construction;
Thoughtful fastening for quick assembly of a reliable structure;
The material dries faster.
The ridges of the brick, processed on ultra-precise machines, reliably hold the vertical of the wall, preventing distortions.
In small, lightweight parts there is no internal stress, which protects the building from cracks.
Using wooden bricks, door and window openings easier to create than when building from timber or logs.

Specifics of construction from wooden blocks

The peculiarity of assembling walls from wooden blocks is that the wall consists of two parts, between which there is a cavity.

Note! This assembly method allows you to make the house warmer without overpaying for additional materials.

Wall assembly technology:

A support beam is attached to the foundation of the future building.
The masonry is carried out so that a cavity is formed between the bricks, in which spacers will be located in a certain order.
The lower tier of the masonry is secured to the timber using clamping bars.
The pressure bars must be connected to metal plates. These plates will hold the tensioners, which will create a vertical load.
Installation of tensioners is carried out only after completing the assembly of all walls. They will be attached to the foundation of the house with anchor bolts.

History of invention
What is wood brick?

Materials for construction wooden houses not so much. But scientists are thinking about new products. So in America, a method of small wooden blocks was patented. Our compatriot improved and modified wooden bricks and even built such a house. Wooden brick may be an innovation that will change the way we look at wooden houses and make construction inexpensive and quick. What kind of material is this, and what wooden buildings can you assemble it from it?

History of invention

High technologies in woodworking and design have changed modern wooden houses. Among the most important, it can be noted, diversity architectural solutions, comfort, construction assembly time, reduced labor costs, etc. Domestic wooden houses, despite their high cost, are becoming more and more interesting to buyers. New technologies wooden house construction are interesting not only here, but also abroad: Europe, America, Japan.

In America, more than 20 years ago, a new method was patented when walls are assembled from small wooden blocks. Waste from a local timber processing factory was used for production, and high tech weren't even used. But the inventor built a house from such bricks and the innovation was not developed further. There was no widespread publicity for a number of reasons:

The assembly method was not worked out, it is clear that the author assembled the walls simply by selection, for luck;
The purpose of such an assembly: to reduce the cost of personal construction without pursuing ambitious and greedy interests;
It was not possible to introduce the technology into production due to the lack of proper equipment; we remind you that this was 20 years ago;
No one bothered to promote this invention, and the technology caused mistrust among specialists.

IN modern world An analogue of the invention is already used in domestic and European industry, for example, the Baltic Architect enterprise began producing similar bricks in 2013. But the invention was truly patented in Russia by a simple architect who was looking for a method to simplify and reduce the cost of wooden house construction by Sergei Aleksandrovich Lichin in 2012.

What is wood brick?

Wooden bricks are made from solid wood on high-precision machines. The block dimensions can be from 150 to 950 mm in length and 100 or 150 mm in height. The design is a block profiled on four sides with comb-shaped locks in a wave-like shape at the ends of the edges and on two technical sides. The profile depth can be 45 or 70 mm.

This design makes it possible to firmly connect the parts to each other and not separate during operation. And comb-shaped locks prevent wind and cold air from penetrating inside, making the walls airtight.

The method of assembling the walls is also interesting, since for any wall thickness the material consumption will be the same.

What horizons does the use of wooden bricks reveal?

Often, material with a larger cross-section is not completely dried, and the buyer overpays for chamber drying. The wooden brick parts are small and drying will take a short time. When purchasing small parts, you can expect that the buyer will receive chamber drying.
There will be practically no internal stress in small parts, so the walls will not crack when the house shrinks.
Dried bricks do not lose their correct geometric shape.
Production is less expensive, since it is easy to select the required part of the array for production.
For processing small wooden parts no need for expensive and massive equipment. And it’s easier to transport small parts to the construction site.
There is no need to hire a large team to assemble a house. Even one master can handle laying small blocks.
Small parts make it possible to assemble the wall yourself complex shape with multiple angles and slopes.
Can be made from timber production residues.

Specifics of assembling log walls from wooden blocks

Assembling walls from wooden bricks can also be called an invention. The log house is made according to the principle of hollow walls. Installation takes place along a continuous multi-tiered chain, with binding. Wooden spacers with profiled ends are placed in the void between two walls. Spacers serve as a link between the outer and inner walls of the house. They are attached in a certain sequence and in necessary places.

The walls need to be assembled on a support beam, which is placed on the foundation. The first tier is attached to the beam using clamping bars. The pressure bars are connected to metal plates on which the tensioners are attached.

Tensioners in the design can be track or rod. They are mounted inside the structure and create additional vertical load. From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation using anchor bolts. The tensioners are installed after the log walls have been completely assembled.

This new design provides certain qualities of a wooden frame:

During installation there is no need to use adhesives, spacer insulation or fasteners. The tightness of the connection is ensured by comb profiles, and the vertical loads are adjusted by tensioners. They also add stability to the walls.

There is no need to install additional frames under windows and doors, since the design is made of internal partitions and small wooden bricks creates a base of solid wood that will not sag or warp.
If you increase the size of the internal void in the wall, the wall thickness will change from 300 to 600 mm. At the same time, the consumption of wooden bricks will not change.
For production, you can use wood from any tree. And when assembling, for example, a sauna, you can make the inner part of the wall from expensive larch, and the outer part from pine. Wherein inner space reduces heat loss by 2-3 times, so any type of wood can be used for construction.
Emptiness in the hay gives additional opportunity easily hide the wiring or water pipes. And even sawdust can be used as insulation.
If there is a difference in temperature in the house and outside, a displacement of the inner and outer walls relative to each other may occur, as, for example, with the system double beam. But this will not happen when using wooden bricks, since a special gap in the profile of 10-20 mm protects the walls from deformation load. Another addition against deformation is internal struts near window and door openings.

Using high technology, you can virtually design any shape of a wooden block and assemble a house or bathhouse project from it. Wood blocks can be produced from waste from any wood processing industry. Several companies that have picked up the idea of building houses from wooden bricks offer several options for this product. Differences can be in profile type, size, both in length and width, and there are no restrictions here.

Wooden brick canopies can be further decorated artistic carving or leave it smooth and coat it with varnish. But, unlike profiled or simple timber, you can’t expect the appearance of cracks and crevices, both outside and inside the house. And how durable such structures are can be found out a few years later, when production will be established in all cities and houses made of wooden bricks will be as popular as those made of timber.

profibrus.ru

What blocks are used to build the walls of a house and their brief characteristics

One of the most common types cellular concrete. It is characterized by closed pores, as a result of which it absorbs moisture very poorly. When producing blocks we use natural materials- lime, Portland cement, water and quartz sand. Aluminum powder is used as a gas generator.

After mixing the components in a certain proportion, the raw materials are placed in molds and loaded into autoclaves, where they are exposed to water vapor under high pressure. There they harden over a certain period of time and acquire their main properties - dimensional accuracy, low weight, and fairly high density.

In addition to autoclave hardening, blocks can be made from the same material by natural drying. outdoors. In terms of their parameters, they are significantly inferior to the first.

Based on their purpose, the blocks are divided into:

thermal insulation;
structural and thermal insulation;
structural.

Their differences are in compressive strength, thermal conductivity and density.
Block sizes - 600x200-300x80-400 mm (LxHxW). The shape of the blocks can be different. For the construction of load-bearing walls, blocks with a groove/ridge surface relief are used. Partitions and secondary walls are built from ordinary rectangular blocks with smooth edges. U-shaped ones are used for installing reinforced belts and lintels over door or window openings.

A type of cellular concrete. It is made from sand, cement and water with the addition of foaming agents. In the form of loose foam, the raw material is poured into molds for finished blocks or into large-volume formwork structures. After hardening for 10 - 12 hours, the collapsible molds are opened and the foam blocks are removed for further hardening.

If the blocks are produced using cutting technology, then the massive block is kept in the formwork for several hours (4-10), then it is removed and the workpiece is cut into smaller blocks of appropriate sizes using special steel strings, chain or band saws.

In terms of its frost resistance density, foam concrete can be compared with aerated concrete, but it is inferior in strength and precision of shape. According to their properties, they are suitable for the construction of houses no higher than three floors. But in a monolithic reinforced concrete construction To fill the openings between the load-bearing parts of the frame, foam concrete is in great demand because of its lightness.

Ceramic blocks

They are made from the same material as ordinary bricks - clay and water. The blanks are fired in furnaces and receive a given hardness. But at a much larger size than regular brick, the blocks are almost half the weight. This is determined not only by the fact that the block has through voids, but also by the fact that when preparing the raw material, clay is mixed with sawdust or other flammable material. During the firing process, impurities burn out and the material becomes porous, and therefore lighter.

Standard dimensions of a ceramic block are 250 – 510x250-380x219 mm. Large sizes allow masonry to be carried out twice or even three times faster than brickwork. Lighter walls allow you to save on the foundation, and the porous structure saves on insulation.

Houses of any number of floors are built from ceramic blocks. Here the material is used for external and internal load-bearing walls, partitions, and filling openings.

Another type of block, relatively little known to non-specialists in the construction business. At its technical essence, wood concrete is a large-cell concrete in which seemingly incompatible materials such as wood and cement are combined. During production, wood chips are mixed with cement-sand mixture, diluted to a semi-liquid state, and poured into molds.

This lightweight and durable material is used to produce:

thermal insulation boards;
mixtures for pouring into formwork on site;
masonry blocks;
large format mounting blocks.

For the construction of buildings, blocks of the standard 500x300x200 mm are used, but other sizes can be found on sale - they are regulated by GOST 19222-84, but many manufacturers produce blocks according to specifications developed at the enterprise itself. But well-known factories strive to produce material in standard size, or a multiple of it - this facilitates and speeds up the process of building walls.

For the production of blocks, chips measuring 40×10×5 mm (maximum) are used. Some unscrupulous manufacturers use bark, shavings, and straw along with wood chips, or even instead of them. But such blocks do not meet the requirements for wood concrete and can only be used for the construction of utility structures.

In addition to the main raw materials, wood concrete also uses various chemical additives, increasing the strength and water resistance of products. These additives neutralize compounds present in wood that prevent sticking cement mortar to the wood chips. As a result of chemical treatment, the tree receives a level of adhesion to cement no worse than that of crushed stone or gravel.

The most commonly used additives are:

liquid glass;
calcium chloride;
sulphate aluminas;
slaked lime.

At industrial method production, the mixture is poured into molds and pressed using vibration. With precise dosage of components and making the right choice vibration mode, the blocks are uniform in density throughout the entire volume. According to this parameter, two types of wood concrete are produced - structural, with a density from 500 to 850 kg/m3 and thermal insulation, unsuitable for load-bearing structures. Its density is in the range of 300 – 500 kg/m3.

Wall blocks made of expanded clay concrete are produced by vibration casting into ready-made molds. The raw materials are cement, expanded clay and sand or dolomite. A classic block, manufactured according to GOST 6133-99, contains up to 50% expanded clay and about 50% cement. Such blocks are used for the construction of walls and partitions, filling openings of frame structures.

The dimensions of the blocks are 390x190x185 mm or 390x190x90 mm, which allows construction to be carried out very quickly. The cavities inside the blocks act as stiffeners, reduce weight and increase heat-saving properties. One of the walls, perpendicular to the direction of the cavities, is solid, which allows you to reduce the consumption of the solution by laying the blocks in the wall with the holes down.

Depending on the fillers and the expanded clay/cement proportion, a standard block can weigh from 9 to 21 kg, density - from 500 to 1800 kg/m3. Blocks are used in load-bearing walls of houses up to 3 floors only with the installation of an armored belt and reinforced concrete frame. But the main scope of application is partitions, filling frames, fences, fencing, outbuildings.

Comparison of blocks used for the construction of walls

All types of wall blocks can be used in construction, observing certain restrictions inherent in one or another type. In order for the picture of which blocks to build a house to become clearer, it is necessary not only to talk about each type separately, but also to produce them comparative analysis according to the main parameters.

The most significant characteristics are as follows:

Basic data on building materials is given in the table:

Block type	Density, kg/m 3	Mass in the wall	Water absorption,%	Thermal conductivity, t/M*k	Frost resistance	Strength
Gas block	300 — 1200	100 — 900	20 — 25	0,1 — 0,4	35	0,5 — 25
Foam block	300 — 1200	100 — 900	10 — 16	0,1 — 0,4	35	0,25 — 12,5
Expanded clay concrete block	300 — 1500	900 — 1000	50	0,15 — 0,45	25 — 75	50- 150
	500 — 900	300 — 700	75 — 85	0,2 — 0,3	25	20 — 50
Ceramic block	700 — 900	600 — 800	12 — 15	0,1 — 0,2	50	2,5 — 25

Strength

Strength refers to the ability to withstand external physical compression. The main indicator is the brand. It shows the maximum load in kg/cm2 that the material can withstand before failure begins. For example, M-175 shows that a load of 175 kg/cm 2 can cause material damage. For comparison, the brand of brick in multi-storey buildings must be at least M150, in single-story buildings - M100. Of the blocks, expanded clay concrete blocks have the greatest strength. The only problem is that these blocks are often produced in artisanal conditions and due to cost savings, not all manufacturers can provide the specified strength.

Frost resistance

The frost resistance of Mrz is indicated by a number that shows the number of cycles of complete freezing and thawing of the material that it can withstand before the destruction of the internal structure begins. As a rule, the material in the wall does not completely freeze even in severe winters, so the indicator can be considered relative. Level Мрз 35 is quite acceptable for middle latitudes. Most types of blocks correspond to this indicator.

Density

Density is the weight of a unit volume of material, measured in kg/m3. The important parameter is that the pressure of the wall on the foundation depends on it, and, therefore, the need for a lighter or heavier foundation. It is best to use blocks with a density higher than 800 kg/m 3 as a material for the construction of load-bearing walls. On the one hand, the higher the density, the better the strength of the material and the walls built from it. But density also has reverse side. The higher it is, the greater the thermal conductivity of the material, which means more funds will be required to insulate the house.

Thermal conductivity

Thermal conductivity - shows at what speed the heat flow is transmitted through the thickness of the material. The higher the thermal conductivity, the less heat it can retain in the house and the thicker the insulation must be installed on the walls. The warmest materials are considered to be aerated concrete and foam concrete. Almost all types of blocks have both thermal insulation, structural and structural options. Each variety has its own area of application.

Moisture absorption

This parameter shows the ability of the material to absorb a certain amount of moisture. When compared with bricks, this indicator for all types of blocks is not at the highest level. high level. That is why walls built from all types of blocks need external finishing with facade materials.

But even after comparing the data in the table, to make a final conclusion about which types of blocks are better for building a house, it is necessary to take into account such an important parameter as the cost of the entire process. In this case, it is necessary to take into account such significant cost items as the cost of foundation, insulation, reinforcement, external finishing. Sometimes cheaper blocks turn out to be much more expensive when full costing the costs of their purchase and the costs of installation and additional operations.

Shrinkage

You can determine which blocks are best to build a house from by studying all technological processes their installation and the phenomena occurring in the wall after construction. For example, attention is rarely paid to such an important thing as shrinkage. Among all the materials mentioned, walls made of aerated concrete and foam blocks are the most susceptible to this rather unpleasant, but predictable phenomenon.

Expanded clay concrete and concrete practically do not shrink ceramic blocks, which in this parameter are equal to ordinary brick. Wood concrete has a very low degree of shrinkage, but only if it is of really high quality. This parameter is determined by the properties of the material, but if the masonry technology is violated, then shrinkage can be expected from any material, up to the appearance of cracks on the walls.

Foundation type

According to the type of foundation required for the construction of a low-rise building, all blocks require strip monolithic foundations of medium depth. This is one of the most economical foundations, if you consider the cost of its installation in relation to strength and durability.

If you build walls from foam blocks and wood concrete up to 40 cm thick, you can make a grillage foundation on screw piles. But this type of foundation must take into account the type of exterior decoration. If it is made of facing brick, then the foundation must still be made as a strip or a solid concrete slab must be poured.

When laying walls, mesh reinforcement is done using all types of blocks, an armored belt is poured under the ceiling along the entire perimeter, and standard factory lintels or cast concrete are poured over window and door openings.

Construction speed

Construction from blocks compared to brick is faster, even taking into account the time spent on additional operations in the form of masonry reinforcement.

Exterior finishing

One of the most expensive operations. Almost all known options are used here - from a “wet” facade with insulation, to a ventilated one and facing with brick, siding, and clapboard. Gas blocks and foam blocks, when installing external finishing, require ventilation space - high vapor permeability materials require removal excess moisture from the wall.

Expanded clay concrete and ceramic blocks are in best harmony with brick facades and plaster, they are most consistent with these materials both in terms of physical and chemical characteristics and technology of application.

Construction cost

You can determine which blocks are better for building a house by simply calculating the costs for the entire construction cycle. If we take the cost as 100% brickwork from ordinary solid brick, then the cost of one meter of cubic blocks with external finishing with homogeneous materials will be:

Obviously, the use of blocks is beneficial in any case - in addition to winning money, they provide a double advantage in construction time, which also results in significant cost savings.

srbu.ru

General information

Wood and brick is a classic combination that builders have been using for a long time; in particular, lining a wooden house with brick is a common operation. In brick houses they often use wooden beams ceilings and other elements. But wood brick is truly a novelty on the building materials market.

True, in America, the method of assembling houses from small blocks was patented more than twenty years ago. Then waste from a timber processing factory was used to make them.

The inventor built himself a house from the blocks, but this innovation did not gain further distribution.

This is due to many reasons:

The method of assembling the structure was not worked out - the inventor assembled the walls using the method of selecting blocks.
It was not possible to organize the production of the material due to the lack of proper equipment.
The purpose of the development was to reduce personal construction costs.

As a result, no one began to promote this invention, since this technology did not inspire confidence among specialists. And so in 2012, a Russian architect, looking for a way to reduce the cost and simplify wooden house construction, returned to the topic of using small blocks and came up with wooden bricks.

What is wood brick

Peculiarities

The material in question is made from solid wood on high-precision modern machines. The dimensions of such blocks are as follows:

Externally, the block is a beam, profiled on four sides with a comb-shaped lock. The depth of the ridges can range from 45 to 70 mm.

As for the type of wood, it can be very different. This even allows you to combine panels from different species, for example, when building a bathhouse. The inner wall can be made of linden or larch, and the outer wall can be made of cheaper pine.

Advantages

This material has many advantages.

Below we consider the main ones:

It simplifies construction, since you can lay the blocks yourself.
There is no internal tension inside the small panel, so the walls of the house will not crack.
Drying the material takes less time, thanks to which well-dried blocks do not lose their shape.
The transportation and unloading of blocks is simplified.
Small panels allow you to assemble walls of complex shapes.
Low price due to the fact that the blocks are often made from remnants of timber production.

Construction Features

Assembly of walls in in this case is also a kind of invention - houses are built according to the principle of hollow walls. Assembly is carried out along a multi-tiered continuous chain.

Spacers with profiled ends are placed in the space between the two walls. Spacers connect the outer and interior wall Houses. Moreover, they are installed strictly in certain places.

The basis for assembling walls is the supporting wooden beam, which is installed on the foundation. The first crown of the walls is attached to the beam using pressure bars and tensioners, which can be rod or track.

Advice!
In order for the house to be durable, it is necessary to properly perform the foundation and its waterproofing.
To do this, several layers of roofing material are laid on top of the foundation, after which brickwork is erected under wooden house, which performs the function of a base.

From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts. Moreover, they are installed after the walls of the house are assembled.

It should be noted that when assembling such houses there is no need to use seals between the crowns or lay insulation, since the tightness is achieved thanks to a comb-shaped lock. Vertical loads are regulated by tensioners, which give the walls stability.

Note!
When building any wooden houses, it is necessary to comply with fire safety rules, especially when installing chimneys in a wooden house.
Metal or brick pipe in a wooden house should not touch walls, ceilings or other surfaces.

At the same time, the house turns out to be warm, thanks to the double wall, and attractive. Therefore, after erecting the box, you do not need to think about how to cover a wooden house with bricks or decorate the facade with other material.

The only drawback of this technology is that it can only be used for permanent buildings - houses, outbuildings etc. If you need a wooden extension to brick house, for example, a veranda, then for these purposes it is better to use traditional timber.

The point is that the adaptable wooden veranda to a brick house with your own hands in most cases has frame structure. But, even if you make its walls solid, certain difficulties will still arise when using blocks.

But attaching a brick structure to such a house will be possible without any problems. Moreover, there are several ways to connect a wooden house with brick extension. Most often, reinforcement is used for this, which is driven into the walls and then laid into the masonry, which allows you to obtain a securely connected structure.

Advice!
Often, novice craftsmen are interested in how to do it. wooden extension to a brick house with your own hands?
This design can be made on either a columnar or strip foundation.
In this case, adjacent elements are attached to brick wall dowel-nails.

This is, perhaps, all the basic information about wooden bricks and the construction of houses from them.

Conclusion

Wood bricks are promising modern material. Its main advantage is the cost-effectiveness of production. In addition, small blocks are more convenient to construct and provide more options for architects.

You can get additional useful information on the discussed topic from the video in this article.

rubankom.com

What are the features of wood bricks?

Wooden brick is a block that looks similar to ceramic brick. The block has almost the same dimensions and proportions, but there are locking connections on four of its sides, which are used for fastening. The blocks are well polished, their surface is smooth and shiny. All this makes it possible to refuse facade cladding. The wall turns out to be extraordinarily beautiful; it literally shimmers in the light, like it’s varnished. The color of the wood can be different, it all depends on what kind of material was chosen for manufacturing. It is possible to combine blocks, but you need to pay attention to the strength of such a connection.

To attach brick to wood there is no need to use special means. This is one of the main advantages of the material.

The absence of gaskets and mortar makes the cost of the structure lower, but the strength is not the best. Therefore, experts do not recommend using blocks for the construction of massive and large buildings. But small country house or a gazebo will turn out beautiful and reliable.

Advantages and disadvantages of wooden bricks

The wood itself is of high quality and durable material with excellent characteristics, but its use for making bricks is still controversial. Of the undeniable advantages of this material, it should be noted:

The brick is resistant to deformation, which is made possible by strict control of drying and further processing.
The cost of bricks is low, such a house will be inexpensive.
Wooden bricks are made only from natural wood. It is environmentally friendly, has numerous beneficial properties, creates an optimal microclimate in the house.
During operation it does not emit any harmful or toxic substances at all.
The thermal insulation characteristics of the house are not bad, although it should not be used in harsh climates; it simply cannot withstand such use.
Assembly is quick; no mortar, connectors, gaskets or other fasteners are used during installation.
The choice of brick sizes and shapes is varied; you can buy smooth ordinary material, but there are also beautiful bricks with decorative edges.
It is possible to build various designs, which is a clear advantage over frame houses.

Not everything is as rosy as it might seem: brick and wood also have disadvantages that prevent the blocks from being used so widely today. Among these disadvantages are:

A house made of such material is suitable only for warm and temperate climates; it is completely unsuitable for cold areas. This is especially true for the harsh climate of the North, where ordinary log houses have shown their best side.
Construction requires a carefully drawn up project - otherwise the house will simply fall apart, its walls will not withstand all the loads. It is compiled by a professional designer, and this requires certain costs.

The disadvantages are not so numerous, but even the low cost of construction and the lack of need facade finishing rarely outweighs them. Experts advise looking for a completely different option for a large estate, for example, ordinary timber.

How are wooden bricks made?

Wooden brick is rectangular block, which in appearance really resembles a small ceramic block, its proportions are almost the same, but the dimensions can vary greatly. On four sides of the block, special locking grooves and tenons are cut out on machines, with the help of which fastening is carried out. Usually the width is about 7 cm, but the length can vary, ranging from 31 cm to several meters.

Is it possible to make wooden bricks with your own hands? They are produced only in workshop conditions, since you can provide them with your own hands required quality difficult.

For this, only the highest quality wood is used, most often these are pre-treated boards from pine, spruce, cedar, and larch is also used. Before starting work everything wooden blanks placed in special bags, then placed in large drying units.

Precise control over the moisture level of the material is important, which should reach a value of strictly 12%. At home, such accuracy is almost impossible to achieve.

After that on special machines processing, milling of grooves and tenons is carried out. If necessary, decorative designs or edges are immediately applied to the front surface. Next, the bricks undergo grinding. It provides beautiful and smooth surface, which is inherent only in natural wood.

1poderevu.ru

ADVANTAGES OF WOODEN BRICK

Houses made of wooden bricks do not have all the disadvantages that appear in houses built from wood of natural moisture, and also have environmental advantages over laminated timber.

Wooden brick has no deformation, shrinkage, or wall cracks. Wooden brick has high quality surfaces comparable to furniture quality.

Dry wooden brick has less weight than material with natural moisture. This fact makes it possible to simplify the design of the foundation and seriously reduce the costs of its construction.

The small weight and size of wooden bricks makes it possible not to use cranes, forklifts and heavy equipment during transportation and on the construction site.

So, do wooden bricks have no disadvantages at all?

Alas, of course, this is not the case. You cannot start construction without a well-developed project, otherwise the walls may simply fall under the influence of loads. It is also not recommended to build multi-story buildings and houses from it. large area- such structures will be unstable. Well, if your region has a harsh climate, then wooden bricks simply won’t suit you - the house will turn out to be quite cold.

Many home craftsmen will wonder - is it possible to make such wooden bricks at home? Experts are quite skeptical about such an initiative. After all, many specific and quite high requirements, which are very problematic and sometimes even impossible to observe in a home workshop. And the plant has high-precision milling and grinding equipment.

Only allowed by professionals DIY installation wooden bricks, but with mandatory compliance following rules: the brick is laid in a row; compliance with the order is mandatory; the block is laid edgewise on the lock; Both the outer and inner rows require transverse ligation every 3 blocks.

In this case, the dressing material is the same as the one from which the masonry is made; the matching of the dressing with the bricks of the bottom row is not allowed. It must be regularly shifted by 0.5 bricks.

All photos from the article

It would seem that there are quite a lot of materials for the construction of wooden houses, and it is no longer possible to come up with anything new. But manufacturers of building materials regularly prove that this is not so and surprise consumers with unusual offers. One of these new products was wooden brick, which appeared on the building materials market several years ago.

Below we will take a closer look at what it is this material, and how houses are built from it.

General information

Wood and brick is a classic combination that builders have been using for a long time; in particular, lining a wooden house with brick is a common operation. In brick houses, wooden floor beams and other elements are often used. But wood brick is truly a novelty on the building materials market.

True, in America, the method of assembling houses from small blocks was patented more than twenty years ago. Then waste from a timber processing factory was used to make them.

The inventor built himself a house from the blocks, but this innovation did not gain further distribution.

This is due to many reasons:

The method of assembling the structure was not worked out - the inventor assembled the walls using the method of selecting blocks.
It was not possible to organize the production of the material due to the lack of proper equipment.
The purpose of the development was to reduce personal construction costs.

In the photo - wooden brick

What is wood brick

Peculiarities

The material in question is made from solid wood on high-precision modern machines. The dimensions of such blocks are as follows:

Externally, the block is a beam, profiled on four sides with a comb-shaped lock. The depth of the ridges can range from 45 to 70 mm.

Advantages

This material has many advantages.

Below we consider the main ones:

Simplifies construction, since you can lay the blocks with your own hands.
There is no internal tension inside the small panel, thanks to which the walls of the house will not crack.
Drying the material takes less time, thanks to this, well-dried blocks do not lose their shape.
Simplifies transportation and unloading of blocks.
Small panels allow you to assemble walls of complex shapes.
Low price due to the fact that the blocks are often made from remnants of timber production.

Construction Features

The assembly of walls in this case is also a kind of invention - houses are built according to the principle of hollow walls. Assembly is carried out along a multi-tiered continuous chain.

Spacers with profiled ends are placed in the space between the two walls. Spacers connect the outer and inner walls of the house. Moreover, they are installed strictly in certain places.

The basis for assembling walls is the one that is installed on the foundation. The first crown of the walls is attached to the beam using pressure bars and tensioners, which can be rod or track.

Advice!
In order for the house to be durable, it is necessary to properly perform the foundation and its waterproofing.
To do this, several layers of roofing felt are laid on top of the foundation, after which brickwork is erected under the wooden house, which serves as a plinth.

From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts. Moreover, they are installed after the walls of the house are assembled.

Note!
When building any wooden houses, it is necessary to comply with fire safety rules, especially when it comes to.
A metal or brick pipe in a wooden house should not touch walls, ceilings or other surfaces.

The only drawback of this technology is that it can only be used for permanent buildings - houses, outbuildings, etc. If you need a wooden extension to a brick house, for example, a veranda, then for these purposes it is better to use traditional timber.

The fact is that a wooden veranda attached to a brick house with your own hands in most cases has a frame structure. But, even if you make its walls solid, certain difficulties will still arise when using blocks.

But attaching a brick structure to such a house will be possible without any problems. Moreover, there are several ways to connect a wooden house with a brick extension. Most often, reinforcement is used for this, which is driven into the walls and then laid into the masonry, which allows you to obtain a securely connected structure.

Advice!
Often, novice craftsmen are interested in how to make a wooden extension to a brick house with your own hands?
This design can be made on either a columnar or strip foundation.
In this case, adjacent elements are attached to the brick wall with dowels and nails.

This is, perhaps, all the basic information about wooden bricks and the construction of houses from them.

Conclusion

Wood bricks are a promising modern material. Its main advantage is the cost-effectiveness of production. In addition, small blocks are more convenient to construct and provide more options for architects.

You can get additional useful information on the discussed topic from the video in this article.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: House made of brick or wood? Probably, everyone who is planning to build a private house asks themselves this question at some stage, because both of these building materials have remained among the leaders among materials for building a cottage for many years.

However, now you don’t have to think for a long time when choosing what to build a house from. The ease of installation of brickwork with the reliability and environmental friendliness of wood is combined with a building material with an unusual name for many - wooden brick.

Construction from wooden blocks obtained from forest waste began in the USA more than 20 years ago. And although the craftsman who built his house in this way patented the technology, it did not receive much development due to the lack of a proven assembly method and proper equipment.

A modern version of wooden brick, which everyone chooses as a building material for their home. more people, was introduced and patented by Russian inventor Sergei Lichin in 2012.

Wooden brick is a block made from solid wood using high-precision equipment. On four sides of the block (on the ends and two masonry sides) there are special tongue-and-groove locks, which allow the bricks to be firmly connected to each other and prevent the appearance of gaps between the elements during operation. The length of wooden blocks can vary from 150 to 950 mm, the height from 100 to 150 mm, and the width from 45 to 70 mm.

The construction of a house made of wooden bricks is carried out according to the principle of hollow walls. This leads to another advantage of this building material- material consumption does not increase even when the wall thickness increases.

When installing walls, you can do without glue and fasteners, since the tongue-and-groove system is responsible for the strength of the structure. Building from such blocks is quite simple - the essence of the technology is the four-way connection of the blocks to each other.

It may seem that wooden brick is not such a necessary thing. Indeed, there is, for example, timber? However, wooden bricks have their own advantages.

Proper drying. Often wood material large cross-section is not completely dried due to its dimensions, and the buyer has to pay for chamber drying. A relatively small block of wood dries in a shorter time.
Correct geometric shape . Also a consequence of properly dried wooden blocks.
No cracks during shrinkage of the house. The plasticity of the material will avoid cracks during shrinkage of the building due to the lack of internal stress in small parts.
Ease of transportation and installation. Small parts are easier to transport to the construction site. And to process them before installation, you won’t need to work with massive and expensive equipment.
No need to hire a whole team. Even one builder can handle the installation of wooden brick walls.
Aesthetic component. Façade finishing in any traditional sense is not required. But wooden blocks can be decorated with carvings and get a truly unique house with individual character.

In general, we can confidently predict that the number of houses made of wooden bricks will only increase. As well as the number of houses built from different types of wood and wooden structures. published

Join us on

When choosing blocks for building a house, which ones are better, you need to decide at the very beginning of construction. Nowadays, blocks of wood are increasingly used instead of bricks. various materials. They all differ in composition, price, properties and dimensions. Each option has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks

Exist different kinds blocks for construction. One of the most common material options for such parts is aerated concrete. It is concrete with a cellular structure. The pores of the material are closed, so it does not absorb water well. When creating such blocks, only natural products are used: lime, water, quartz sand, Portland cement. Aluminum powder is used for gas formation.

After all the components are mixed in certain volumes, the raw materials are poured into molds and placed in autoclaves, where they will be exposed to high-pressure water vapor. Thanks to this, the material will quickly harden and acquire its properties - high density, precise dimensions and lightness. In addition to hardening in autoclaves, there is another manufacturing option - drying naturally. But in terms of parameters, this method is much inferior to the first option.

There are several options for such aerated concrete blocks depending on their purpose: for thermal insulation, structural, and also structural and thermal insulation. You can choose the right one between them if you take into account compressive strength, density and thermal conductivity. As a rule, the length of the part is approximately 60 cm, height 20-30 cm, and width from 8 to 40 cm, but you can choose different shape. To build load-bearing walls, it is recommended to use parts with a relief surface in the form of a “groove and tongue”. To create secondary walls and partitions, you can use simple slabs in the form of rectangles, the edges of which are completely smooth. U-type blocks must be used for installation work with armored belts, as well as lintels over windows and doors. With these types of aerated concrete blocks you can perform any construction works when building a house.

Foam concrete blocks are also a type of concrete with a cellular structure. To create it, water, cement, sand and special foaming agents are used. Then the raw material in the form of loose foam is poured into molds or special structures similar to formwork. The foam then hardens for 12 hours, after which the blocks are removed from the molds so that they can continue to harden.

If the slabs are made using cutting technology, then first large blocks must be kept in the prepared formwork for 4 to 10 hours, then removed and cut into blocks with certain sizes. For this purpose, chain and chain plates are used. belt type, steel strings.

In terms of resistance to frost and density, foam concrete is compared with aerated concrete, but it has worse strength and shape accuracy. This material is suitable for the construction of houses with less than 3 floors. In addition, foam concrete is actively used in reinforced concrete monolithic construction when it is necessary to fill openings in the load-bearing parts of the frame. Foam concrete is very lightweight material, so great for that.

Ceramic, wood concrete and expanded clay concrete blocks

What other blocks there are for construction, besides foam concrete and aerated concrete, you should definitely know. Ceramic blocks are excellent for construction. The slabs are made from the same material as simple bricks, water and clay are used. Then the blanks are fired in ovens, due to which the material becomes harder. But even if you take a block whose dimensions are much larger than that of a brick, its weight will be 2 times less. This is achieved not only due to the presence of voids inside the slab, but also due to the fact that sawdust and other combustible materials are also used during the preparation of raw materials. During firing, they simply burn out, after which the material acquires a porous structure and, accordingly, lightness.

The length of the blocks is usually from 25 to 51 cm, the height is from approximately 25 to 38 cm, and the width is 22 cm. Thanks to such large dimensions, it will be possible to build walls 2 times faster than using conventional bricks. In addition, the walls are lighter, so you can save on the foundation. Thanks to the porous structure of the material, you can also save on the thermal insulation layer. This material can be used to build houses with different amounts floors. Blocks are used for internal and external load-bearing walls, openings, partitions.

You can choose more expanded clay concrete blocks. They are created by vibration casting into ready-made molds. Expanded clay, cement, sand or dolomite are used as raw materials. According to standards, one block should contain about 50% cement and the same amount of expanded clay. Partitions and walls are built from such houses. Another material is used to fill frame openings.

Select 2 standard options by size. In the first case, the length is 39 cm, the height is 19 cm, and the width is almost 19 cm. In the second case, the length and height are the same, but the width is only 9 cm. This is a good option for building walls, since the material not only has all the necessary characteristics, but also has a fairly large size, so construction work will take less time. There are cavities inside the slabs, which not only reduce weight and improve the ability to conserve heat, but also serve as stiffeners.

Depending on the proportions of cement and expanded clay and the use of additional fillers, the block can weigh between 9-21 kg. In this case, the density ranges from 500 to 1800 kg/m³. Such blocks are best for filling frames, erecting fences, fences, partitions, and various buildings for utility purposes. In addition, they can be used in the construction of a house with less than 3 levels, but in this case it is necessary to make reinforced concrete piping and armored belts.

Additionally

If we consider which blocks can still be used to build houses, then wood concrete slabs are excellent. This option is not as famous as all the others. Arbolite is concrete with a coarse-cell structure, and it combines seemingly incompatible materials - cement and wood. A mixture of cement and sand is mixed with wood chips, then diluted to a liquid state and poured into molds. Then, large-sized mounting blocks, masonry blocks, slabs with thermal insulation properties, composition for filling formwork.

Building blocks, as a rule, 50 cm long, 30 cm high, and 20 cm wide. But you can find other options. At the same time, inside the blocks the chips measure within 4 cm in length, 1 cm in height and 0.5 cm in width. Some manufacturers supplement wood chips with shavings, bark, and straw, but such slabs will not meet certain characteristics and are only suitable for the construction of utility buildings. In addition to wood chips, various chemicals are also added to improve water resistance and strength. The auxiliary components are calcium chloride, slaked lime, sulfuric acid aluminas and liquid glass.

Block comparison

All types of blocks that are used in construction must have certain characteristics and meet specified requirements. Here are the main characteristics:

The density of an aerated block is from 300 to 1200 kg/m³. In the wall the mass is approximately 100-900. The percentage of water absorption is within 25%. The thermal conductivity coefficient of a gas block is approximately from 0.1 to 0.4 t/M*k. Frost resistance is 35 cycles. The strength of the material is from 0.5 to 25.
Foam blocks have similar characteristics. Density ranges from 300 to 1200 kg/³. The mass in the wall is also approximately 100-900. The water absorption rate varies from 10 to 16%. The thermal conductivity parameter is 0.1-0.4 t/M*k. Frost resistance is also approximately 35 cycles. The strength will be from 0.25 to 12.5.
The characteristics of expanded clay concrete blocks are somewhat different. For example, the density ranges from 300 to 1500 kg/m³. The mass in the wall is approximately 900-1000. The water absorption coefficient is 50%. The thermal conductivity index is 0.15-0.45. The material can withstand from 25 to 75 cycles, so the frost resistance index is quite high. In this case, the strength will vary from 50 to 150.
Arbolite blocks have the following characteristics. The density is from 500 to 900 kg/m³, and the mass in the wall will be from 300 to 700. The water absorption rate is approximately 80-85%. The thermal conductivity index is 0.2-0.3. If we consider the frost resistance of wood concrete blocks, they can withstand about 25 cycles. The strength of the material is approximately 20-50.
For ceramic blocks, the strength ranges from approximately 2.5 to 25. In this case, the density will be from 700 to 900 kg per cubic meter, and the mass in the wall is from 600 to 800. Withstands up to 50 cycles, if we consider resistance to frost. Thermal conductivity is approximately 0.1-0.2, and water absorption is about 15%.

In addition to these indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to others. For example, shrinkage. Foam blocks and aerated concrete blocks. But for ceramic and expanded clay concrete blocks there is almost no shrinkage. These materials have parameters that are almost equal to ordinary bricks. Arbolite slabs have little shrinkage.

You also need to look at what type of foundation is suitable for constructing walls from certain slabs. For example, if wood concrete or foam blocks with a wall thickness of up to 400 mm are used, then you can make a grillage-type foundation on screw piles. In this case, you also need to pay attention facing works. If facing brick is used, then the foundation should be made of strip or solid slabs.

As for reinforcement, it must be done, that is, use a special mesh. This is required for all types of blocks used. Under the ceilings it is necessary to do reinforced belt. Regular lintels are used over windows and doors.

As for the speed of construction, the use of the above blocks significantly speeds up the process compared to the use of conventional bricks, even if we take into account the external finishing and the need for reinforcement. Finishing is a rather expensive procedure.

Conclusion

When choosing which blocks are best to build a house from, you need to consider options such as aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete and ceramic. To choose suitable option, you should compare them according to certain technical specifications, interaction with other materials, the need for finishing and other additional work, period of operation, price. It is necessary to use only objective data, not advertising.