How to build a warm house and at the same time save on building materials? For this purpose, there is a well masonry of brick walls. Energy efficiency is one of the most important qualities of modern buildings. It is very difficult to achieve it by simply thickening the walls. To do this, even in moderate latitudes, the brickwork of the walls must be at least 2 m wide.
It is not difficult to imagine how expensive this option is. Therefore, a compromise brickwork technology was developed, which ensures the presence of an additional thermal insulation layer in the brick wall system.
This technology assumes that the brickwork of external walls is made in a “lightweight” version with the formation of internal “wells” filled with insulation. Thanks to this method, the thermal insulation characteristics of walls, brick pediments, internal partitions. The most suitable insulation materials are used different materials— loose (sawdust, slag), slab (foam plastic, mineral wool), “light” types of concrete (polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete and others). To ensure the required level of strength, parallel walls are fastened together with horizontal and vertical jumpers in brick walls Oh.
The cost-effectiveness of this method determines its popularity. But, following well technology, it is necessary to take into account some nuances. For example, when performing this kind of brickwork in winter conditions, in conditions high humidity You may encounter a decrease in the level of thermal insulation of the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap of at least 10 mm thick between the thermal insulation layer and the brickwork.
Advantages and disadvantages
The construction of brick walls using the well method has its advantages, including the following:
- reduction in thermal conductivity when constructing thinner brick walls;
- no need for additional insulation walls;
- less load on the building foundation while reducing the total mass of the partitions;
- more economical use of materials, cheaper construction costs;
- reduction of deadlines construction work.
However, this technology also has its disadvantages, including:
- reduction in the degree of structural strength due to the heterogeneity of the wall;
- risk of occurrence in winter period condensation inside the insulating material due to the temperature difference between the outside and inside the room.
To eliminate these risks, it will be necessary to calculate and install horizontal and vertical diaphragms, as well as cover the internal surfaces of the “wells” with a vapor barrier material.
Types of well-type masonry
Existing well types of brickwork differ in the following indicators:
- total wall thickness;
- thickness of external partitions;
- dimensions of “wells” (distance between walls);
- type of insulation material;
- material and method of installation of diaphragms.
The following standards are known in construction practice:
- total wall thickness - 33-62 cm (depending on the design, dimensions of the “well” and the thickness of both walls);
- wall thickness options - a quarter of a brick, half a brick (only for spoon rows), 1 full brick (when combining bonded rows with spoon rows);
- options for the width of the “wells” - half a brick, three quarters of a brick, 1 whole brick, one and a half bricks.
It should be noted here that most often both the outer and inner walls are laid out in half a brick. Sometimes exceptions to this rule are allowed: for example, the outer wall is built with half a brick, and the inner wall with a whole brick.
Execution technology
The specified installation technology is more complex than standard option brickwork. However, it is not so difficult that anyone can’t master it. The main thing that needs to be ensured is an accurate calculation of the volume of bricks and the selection of lintels.
- Well installation begins with the arrangement of the base of the wall. It, in particular, includes 2 solid brick rows. The stones are laid with a bandage for horizontal waterproofing of the foundation.
- After installing the base, they begin to lay out two parallel walls, as well as vertical diaphragms (partitions that connect the parallel walls). In some cases, instead of diaphragms, special pins are installed from metal fittings(diameter 6-8 mm). In this case, the corners can be laid out in various configurations - parallel walls of equal thickness, with a thicker outer wall, with continuous installation.
- After laying 5-6 brick rows, the “wells” created in this way are filled with insulating material. If slab insulation is used (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene), it is fixed assembly adhesive(foam), if applicable bulk material, it must be compacted well.
- Next comes the turn of horizontal brick diaphragms. Diaphragms are 1-3 horizontal rows of bricks thick. With a diaphragm one brick thick, a greater degree of thermal insulation is provided; with a thickness of three bricks, the thermal insulation is less, but the degree of strength is higher. To provide reinforcement to the brickwork, sometimes reinforcement is placed at the bottom of the horizontal diaphragms. metal mesh. In some cases, vertically located brick diaphragms do not completely cover the “well” space, but only half. In this case, the reinforcement of brick walls suffers somewhat, but the thermal insulation coefficient increases.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the brickwork near the openings is continuous. Under the windows, horizontal diaphragms are made at least two bricks thick.
Instead of a conclusion
The technology of brickwork in the form of a well requires the contractor to accurately count building materials and scrupulously follow the installation rules. If all the requirements for such masonry are met, the walls of the building will not only be warm, but will also be much cheaper.
Well masonry
Well masonry - description and disadvantages of using it for insulation
Multilayer enclosing structures with external cladding brick or other small-piece products for insulating a house.
Well masonry is a three-layer structure (Fig. 1), which provides for the use of effective insulation as a middle layer between a load-bearing or self-supporting wall (made of brick, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete and other blocks) and protective and decorative cladding (made of brick and other small-piece materials).
The structures of three-layer walls with insulation as an inner layer when insulating a house have a number of undoubted advantages, such as a relatively small thickness and, accordingly, weight; fire resistance (walls with brick cladding can be used in houses of any degree of fire resistance); attractive appearance. Layered masonry with insulation, the appearance is often practically no different from monolithic brickwork, and such walls are traditionally considered reliable and durable. Apartments in houses lined with bricks are easily sold out, since some do not even realize that in front of them there is not even brick house, but in fact its imitation. Of course, a simple set of materials, a familiar way of installing structures and the ability to carry out construction and installation work all year round.
However, in last years When insulating houses built using well masonry technology, collapses of brick cladding fragments of various sizes began to occur. According to statistical data, over the past five years, more than 420 failures of façade systems of this kind have been recorded in Moscow and the Moscow region. And apparently this is not the limit. Experts believe that in the next 5-6 years the number of “problem” houses may increase sharply. During 2008 alone, 4 cases of bricks falling out of the facing layer were recorded in the capital. .
Disadvantages of well masonry (effective masonry) when insulating houses
- Quite a high labor intensity of construction, which, given the existing shortage of qualified work force inevitably affects the quality of installation, and therefore the durability and safety of structures. Large volume hidden species works using this technology to insulate a house, which builders very often use to their advantage, since it becomes possible to hide defects in the installation of the heat-insulating layer; the difficulty of diagnosing during the period of work (in the absence of acts for hidden work) and the difficulty of diagnosing the condition of the insulation during the operation of the house; the need for constant monitoring of the condition of insulation and cladding. One of the genetically inherent disadvantages of this method of construction and insulation of the house is the difficulty of observing the dimensions of the horizontal seam between the top row of masonry and the ceiling provided for in the masonry process. Without qualifications, it is very difficult to build brickwork in such a way that there is a gap of 3 cm.
- Another significant disadvantage of this technology is the reduced coefficient of thermal uniformity, due to the presence of a large number of heat-conducting inclusions in the form of building elements from concrete and other materials. A serious danger is posed, first of all, by reinforced concrete slabs ceilings and window (door) lintels. Even theoretical research show that heat-conducting inclusions in areas where floor discs come into contact with outside air provide heat loss from the house wall of at least 20%. Moreover, these are theoretical losses of thermal energy, but in reality they can be greater. In some home insulation systems, heat loss through floor discs can reach 53%.
- As you know, the inner and outer layers of a three-layer enclosing structure when insulating a house must be connected to each other by flexible connections. From the point of view of thermal engineering, these connections are cold bridges and can significantly reduce thermal resistance the entire building envelope. The greatest reduction in thermal resistance is achieved by the use of metal bonds (in the form of individual rods or their combinations). Using connections from polymer materials, on the contrary, significantly reduces heat loss.
- Separate deformation of layers when insulating a house, for example, internal deformation reinforced concrete wall and external brickwork will vary significantly. Reinforced concrete layer will always work only at positive temperatures, since it, like the entire frame of the house, is covered with a middle thermal insulation layer of insulation. And the facing masonry will have to work in winter at almost negative temperature. Such issues, of course, are resolved constructively, but this does not always work out successfully, which is confirmed by surveys.
- These home insulation systems have disabilities for leveling facades when departing from design marks. That is, if the frame deviates vertically from the design marks, then it is very difficult to level it using masonry.
- The layers of a house insulation system using the well masonry method consist of materials, each of which has its own service life. For example, the service life of insulation is several times less than the service life of brick. This means that the need to replace the insulation in the inner insulation layer will arise much earlier than the brickwork “wears out”. But it is impossible to do this without dismantling the cladding of the house. That is, houses with such an insulation system are simply beyond repair.
- Local repairs for home insulation. Multilayer masonry is practically irreparable. If necessary, it is impossible to carry out local repairs to the home insulation system or replace insulation, flexible connections, and support elements, since performing even a small amount of repair and restoration work will require complete dismantling of the system.
At the beginning of 2009, the Moscow government decided to ban the use of multilayer structures With brick cladding for insulation residential buildings in Moscow
One of the most important indicators quality of modern buildings is their energy efficiency, i.e. the ability to retain heat during interior spaces due to the use of the most stable materials in terms of thermal conductivity. In this case, simple thickening of the walls, unfortunately, does not help: according to modern standards even in the Moscow region, which is not characterized by prolonged extreme temperatures during the cold season, the thickness of a solid brick wall should be more than two meters.
Obviously, such a solution is unsuitable for many reasons, starting from increased consumption building materials before creating unacceptably high loads on the foundation. Therefore, the solution to this situation is seen in the use of more advanced construction technologies.
Well brickwork
To reduce the thermal conductivity coefficient of walls built using brick, so-called well (or well) masonry is often used. The essence of this construction technique is that only the inner and outer parts of the wall are made of brick to a certain thickness, and the cavity (well) formed between them is filled with heat-insulating material.
Various types of lightweight concrete, bulk materials or insulating boards made of polystyrene foam or mineral wool can be used as filler.
To achieve the required strength, parallel walls are connected by transverse bridges (diaphragms). Usually they are made half a brick thick at a distance of 2-4 bricks from each other. Every five to six rows the masonry of the vertical diaphragm is reinforced welded mesh. At the lower level of the ceiling and under the window lintels (behind two rows), horizontal stiffeners are installed from reinforcing mesh, inserted into the outer and inner surfaces of the walls and protected by a layer of mortar. 
Sometimes the transverse diaphragm is made from reinforcement bars with a diameter of 5-10 mm with bent ends. This avoids the formation of cold bridges inside the well, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of thermal insulation.
Advantages and disadvantages of well masonry
Like any other construction technology, well masonry has its advantages and disadvantages. Among her strengths The following factors can be attributed:
- Possibility of constructing buildings with acceptable dimensions main walls in full compliance building regulations. Allowable heat loss is provided for a thickness of no more than 64 cm.
- Reducing the total weight of the structure and, as a result, the load on the foundation.
- Saving bricks and reducing construction costs while increasing the speed of work.
At the same time, one cannot help but note several rather serious disadvantages of walls made in the form of an insulated well:
- Reduced strength and uniformity of the structure.
- Formation of condensation in the middle layer of the well during the cold season.
- The heat that masonry is exposed to in hot weather can lead to the destruction of the insulation inside it.
The first problem is solved by competent calculation of vertical and horizontal diaphragms; to combat the second phenomenon, the internal surfaces of the well are covered with a vapor barrier layer with a mandatory ventilation gap (at least 10 cm). The third drawback can be eliminated by using special types insulation that is resistant to thermal decomposition and has a high degree of hydrophobicity. One of the most suitable options is mineral wool with basalt filler.
Features of well brickwork
Depending on the required strength, the masonry of the inner part of the wall can be half, one or one and a half bricks thick. It is made from full-bodied building bricks the most affordable brands (for example, M100). The front side performs decorative functions, protects the insulation with outside and is made of special brick. Most often, the thicknesses of the outer and inner layers of the walls are the same, and the width of the well is selected based on the insulation used.
Well masonry necessarily requires the presence of vertical diaphragms, which are tied with longitudinal rows through one. If the well is filled with bulk materials, then, in order to avoid their subsidence, each layer 30–50 cm high is compacted and spilled with solution.
Backfilling of walls is usually done after the construction of five to six tiers of bricks. This height is just enough to subsequently fill the mortar diaphragm.
Sequence of work on well masonry
Laying walls using the technology described above usually does not cause serious difficulties for those who have at least minimal experience in masonry work. Well technology requires competent calculation, accuracy and performance of all operations in a certain order:
Well masonry is ideal for wall construction low-rise buildings. She provides optimal combination brick consumption, heat-insulating properties and labor intensity. The main disadvantage of this technology is the impossibility of replacing the insulation during operation, which, however, is quite easy to do with proper calculation and the right choice filler material.
Good afternoon.
Let's consider what options there are for insulating your multi-layer wall. You are absolutely correct in what you say possible types insulation: polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam (EPS), wool (mineral and fiberglass). All these insulation materials can be used. Let me explain what the fundamental difference is. Cotton insulation is a vapor-permeable material, while polystyrene foam and Eps are vapor-impermeable. If there is at least one vapor-impermeable layer in the wall, then the vapor permeability of the entire wall is practically zero. This layer could be: vapor barrier films, or vapor-impermeable insulation (EPS, polystyrene foam), vapor-impermeable plasters, vapor-impermeable wallpaper. Therefore, it turns out that when insulating with Eps and polystyrene foam, we end up with a vapor-impermeable wall (not breathable), and when insulating with cotton wool insulation, we get a vapor-permeable wall (breathable). How to relate to this “breathing”/“not breathing”, what is good and what is bad. Look, if the wall is designed and executed as “non-breathable”, then the room needs a high-quality forced ventilation. That's the whole difference :-). With “breathing” walls, the room is ventilated naturally, and with “non-breathing” walls, it is forced. When correctly selected and installed insulation - warmth both in “breathing” walls and in “non-breathing” walls. They build this way and that way. It’s comfortable (if everything is done correctly) in both options.
As for your concerns that “cotton wool absorbs moisture.” Indeed, a multilayer wall with cotton insulation has time to get wet and dry at different times of the year and even at different times of the day. The fact is that not that much moisture (water) condenses in the insulation (a few grams), and the wall has time to dry completely. Such a multilayer wall, insulated with cotton wool, resembles (in principle of operation) an ordinary single-layer wall (made of brick, for example). The outer section of the wall gets wet and dries in the same way, even within one day. So insulate multilayer wall Cotton wool is also possible.
Now I'll bring required thicknesses insulation:
- eps - thickness 60mm (30mm+30mm)
- polystyrene foam - thickness 60mm (30mm+30mm)
- mineral wool - 100mm, density 45-60kgm3, slab positions.
I hope we have answered your question.
Onisko Valeria, editor
www.builderclub.com
Well brickwork and some features
Brick houses have been built for centuries. Until recently, the walls were laid using 3-3.5 bricks. In some areas with a particularly harsh climate, the thickness of the walls was increased to a meter, and bricklaying turned into a very labor-intensive and expensive process. A house with brick walls 750 mm thick (3 bricks) on a strong foundation, and even requiring exterior finishing- the pleasure is very expensive, not everyone can afford it.
Masonry with insulation - innovative technology, which made it possible to significantly reduce the consumption of bricks and cement and reduce the load on the foundation, that is, costs here too have decreased.
Now the brick walls serve as a frame that provides the necessary strength to the structure. There is no need to make reinforced bricklaying - thermal insulation will provide insulation.
Well masonry brick walls are two parallel walls, rigidly connected to each other and resting on one foundation. Wherein interior wall- load-bearing, and the outer - finishing. Therefore, as a rule, red is used for a load-bearing wall. hollow brick, and for the outside - facing ceramic or clinker bricks. The laying begins in the same way, the usual solid brick from the outer corners.
On the inner sides of the well masonry there are longitudinal walls at a distance of 15-50 cm from one another and transverse walls at a distance of 60-120 cm. The minimum possible well is 15x60 cm.
Key points and nuances
Well masonry has many options. A lightweight version - the transverse walls are laid in 1-3 rows. The thickness of the walls in this case is half a brick. The following options - the thickness of the internal walls increases and the transverse walls (ligations) are arranged more often. The walls of the well masonry are fastened using flexible reinforcement joints made of durable steel or plastics. And the toughest option - the dressing is made of lightweight concrete, and on the inside frame walls release part of the brick with a console in a checkerboard pattern after 2-3 rows.
The insulation is placed in each well upon completion of its forcing. The fastening of insulation for each type is selected in accordance with the project.
The main advantages of well luggage are:
- Significantly smaller overall wall thickness and, accordingly, weight.
- No additional required decorative cladding, because facing brick outer wall It is already quite decorative.
- Laying walls can be done regardless of the time of year.
- Absolute fire resistance of the structure.
- Inhomogeneous thermal conductivity of materials.
Disadvantages include labor intensity installation work and a large volume of covert operations. The main thing is that it is impossible to control the condition of the insulation and, as a result, repair it.
Sometimes, instead of insulation, air gaps are left in the well masonry walls. The width of such a gap should not exceed 6-7 cm. The effectiveness of this method of insulation is much lower, but in some cases it is advisable.
Insulation for walls: characteristics
You need to select insulation taking into account, firstly, its thermal conductivity: the higher the thermal conductivity, the better insulation. Secondly, vapor permeability. When the temperature difference occurs, steam penetrates through the load-bearing wall, insulation and facing wall outside.
Each subsequent stage must have more high vapor permeability than the previous one, otherwise the steam will be retained in the insulation and condensation will form inside the structure, which will reduce by an order of magnitude thermal insulation properties insulation that cannot be repaired. Insulation made of glass wool, mineral or basalt wool, have a higher vapor permeability than brick, and they are ideal for performing their functions. Insulation made from foam styrene is much higher and cannot be used to insulate brick walls.
Thirdly, the insulation must be moisture resistant, because it is impossible to completely eliminate the ingress of moisture. Therefore, when laying walls, it is necessary to provide outlet pipes.
Mounted into the walls in such a way as not to create cold bridges, they will cope quite well with removing steam from the system.
And lastly, the insulation must be non-flammable. Insulation made from glass wool and all mineral wools fully meet this requirement - they not only do not burn, but are also able to protect adjacent elements of the entire structure from fire.
In addition to sheet insulation, ready-to-use insulation materials are available for sale.
This various brands thermal insulation boards made of stone wool basalt rocks. These slabs are produced specifically for insulating brick walls and have certain specified parameters and dimensions. Insulation of the Concrete Element Butts brand has proven itself - rigid thermal insulation boards, Kawiti Butts are lightweight thermal insulation boards.
In addition to ready-made slabs and rolls thermal insulation materials, can be used as bulk insulation. This can be lightweight concrete based on sawdust, slag, expanded clay, mineral wool granules. The filling of insulation materials is carried out in stages into each well and is carefully compacted. And in order to completely prevent shrinkage of the material in the wells, horizontal diaphragms are installed. They are made from reinforced cement- sand solutions or they simply release bricks inside the walls, in every 2-3 rows.
ostroymaterialah.ru
Well masonry - disadvantages and advantages of its use in the construction of modern residential buildings
Well masonry- This is a structure of three layers, in which the wall is laid out from a pair of separate walls having a thickness of no more than half a brick.
These walls are connected to each other by vertical and horizontal brick bridges, which form closed wells.
The inner layer is most often made of bricks or blocks, and the outer layer is made of ceramic stone, various types brick, silicate, as well as concrete and expanded clay concrete blocks. 
Well masonry: Pros and Cons
Advantages of well masonry:
- Reduction in brick consumption by about 18% in relation to its continuous laying;
- Relatively small thickness and weight of the ceiling, which leads to savings on wall materials, and to soften requests to bearing capacity foundation;
- Correct calculations eliminate the danger of moisture condensation inside parts of the wall;
- It is not important to use “warm” masonry mortars;
- Economical ceramic and clinker bricks of the American format are acceptable as a constituent material used for the facing layer of walls;
- Fire resistance;
- Aesthetic, not required individual works and costs, finished building façade.
Disadvantages of well masonry:
- Helps reduce the strength of the building and disrupts uniformity.
- Promotes the formation of condensation on the walls of the home, especially in winter.
- It is extremely unstable to temperature changes and can lead to rapid destruction of insulation.
As you can see, there are no clear arguments in favor of choosing or not using this material, so you will have to make your own decision, but you already know what to expect from covering with well masonry. 
Well masonry - disadvantages that cannot be ignored
Of course, well masonry has a number of advantages, the main one of which is cost-effectiveness.
But when constructing a large-scale project for a serious customer, before deciding to insulate the building with this particular masonry, you must take everything into account possible risks its use.
Therefore, we will list the main disadvantages of well masonry so that you understand what you may encounter during construction:
Lightweight well masonry
Lightweight well masonry is made of a pair of walls half a brick wide, between which insulating raw materials are located.
At intervals of 2-5 rows of masonry, the walls are connected with bonded rows. Internal thickness load-bearing walls reaches 25 cm. Partitions are placed in half a brick or a quarter. If the partition has a length of more than 1.5 m, then it is necessary to reinforce the masonry, for example with steel wire.
The voids formed between the masonry are filled with concrete, thus creating robust construction, which does not contain insulation. 
This perfect option For non-residential premises, which do not require thermal insulation. The filling between the blocks is standard and is carried out in stages as the solution is filled and hardened.
Using universal waterproofing, you can achieve the desired heat concentration inside the structure. This will allow maximum insulation of the walls without increasing the mass of the slab. Lightweight masonry can be used in high-rise buildings, it is safe and quite easy to implement.
Well masonry with insulation
The issue of using insulation materials for well masonry deserves special attention.
The very idea of using an insulating layer in the middle of a wall structure originated in the mid-twentieth century - various sawdust, moss and peat were used at that time as a means of insulation between brick walls.
Currently, well masonry with insulation allows the use of almost any type of thermal insulation materials, however, when choosing it, it is necessary to take into account the impossibility of repair and restoration work. 
Therefore, the main requirements for insulating materials are resistance to deformation and humidity. These requirements are fully met, and, as a rule, materials such as glass wool, mineral wool and polystyrene foam are often used.
It is also possible to use expanded clay and sawdust.
Should well masonry be used in construction?
We have voiced all the main characteristics of the use of well masonry in the construction of various buildings, and after studying the disadvantages and advantages, a conclusion emerges - this material is certainly easy to use and affordable in price, but the risks are too great and often unforeseen expenses, after discovering inaccuracies in the work, exceed the expected benefit.
dachnoe-delo.ru
What is well masonry?
This technology assumes that the brickwork of external walls is made in a “lightweight” version with the formation of internal “wells” filled with insulation. Thanks to this method, the thermal insulation characteristics of walls, brick pediments, and internal partitions are significantly increased. A variety of materials are used as insulation materials - loose materials (sawdust, slag), slab materials (foam plastic, mineral wool), “light” types of concrete (polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete and others). To ensure the required level of strength, parallel walls are fastened together by horizontal and vertical jumpers in brick walls.
The cost-effectiveness of this method determines its popularity. But, following well technology, it is necessary to take into account some nuances. For example, when performing this kind of brickwork in winter conditions, in conditions of high humidity, you may encounter a decrease in the level of thermal insulation of the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap of at least 10 mm thick between the thermal insulation layer and the brickwork.
Advantages and disadvantages
The construction of brick walls using the well method has its advantages, including the following:
- reduction in thermal conductivity when constructing thinner brick walls;
- no need for additional wall insulation;
- less load on the building foundation while reducing the total mass of the partitions;
- more economical use of materials, cheaper construction costs;
- reduction of construction time.
However, this technology also has its disadvantages, including:
- reduction in the degree of structural strength due to the heterogeneity of the wall;
- the risk of condensation occurring inside the insulation material in winter due to the temperature difference between the outside and inside the room.
To eliminate these risks, it will be necessary to calculate and install horizontal and vertical diaphragms, as well as cover the internal surfaces of the “wells” with a vapor barrier material.
Types of well-type masonry
Existing well types of brickwork differ in the following indicators:
- total wall thickness;
- thickness of external partitions;
- dimensions of “wells” (distance between walls);
- type of insulation material;
- material and method of installation of diaphragms.
The following standards are known in construction practice:
- total wall thickness - 33-62 cm (depending on the design, dimensions of the “well” and the thickness of both walls);
- wall thickness options - a quarter of a brick, half a brick (only for spoon rows), 1 full brick (when combining bonded rows with spoon rows);
- options for the width of the “wells” - half a brick, three quarters of a brick, 1 whole brick, one and a half bricks.
It should be noted here that most often both the outer and inner walls are laid out in half a brick. Sometimes exceptions to this rule are allowed: for example, the outer wall is built with half a brick, and the inner wall with a whole brick.
Execution technology
The specified installation technology is more complex than the standard version of brickwork. However, it is not so difficult that anyone can’t master it. The main thing that needs to be ensured is an accurate calculation of the volume of bricks and the selection of lintels.
- Well installation begins with the arrangement of the base of the wall. It, in particular, includes 2 solid brick rows. The stones are laid with a bandage for horizontal waterproofing of the foundation.
- After installing the base, they begin to lay out two parallel walls, as well as vertical diaphragms (partitions that connect the parallel walls). In some cases, instead of diaphragms, special pins made of metal reinforcement (6-8 mm in diameter) are installed. In this case, the corners can be laid out in various configurations - parallel walls of equal thickness, with a thicker outer wall, with continuous laying.
- After laying 5-6 brick rows, the “wells” created in this way are filled with insulating material. If slab insulation is used (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene), it is fixed with mounting adhesive (foam); if bulk material is used, it must be compacted well.
- Next comes the turn of horizontal brick diaphragms. Diaphragms are 1-3 horizontal rows of bricks thick. With a diaphragm one brick thick, a greater degree of thermal insulation is provided; with a thickness of three bricks, the thermal insulation is less, but the degree of strength is higher. To provide reinforcement to the brickwork, sometimes a reinforcing metal mesh is placed at the bottom of the horizontal diaphragms. In some cases, vertically located brick diaphragms do not completely cover the “well” space, but only half. In this case, the reinforcement of brick walls suffers somewhat, but the thermal insulation coefficient increases.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the brickwork near the openings is continuous. Under the windows, horizontal diaphragms are made at least two bricks thick.
Instead of a conclusion
The technology of brickwork in the form of a well requires the contractor to accurately count building materials and scrupulously follow the installation rules. If all the requirements for such masonry are met, the walls of the building will not only be warm, but will also be much cheaper.
tvoygarazh.ru
Characteristic
Advantages
Before starting construction work, it is necessary to select the right building materials to avoid damaging the thermal insulation of the room.
The well masonry is erected in such a way that the half-brick opening between the two parts of the wall is filled thermal insulation material. Brick structures are connected to each other by reinforcing pins with curved ends. Using masonry with insulation has the following advantages:
- saving bricks up to 18% compared to conventional masonry;
- reduction in weight and volume of the structure;
- absence of condensate in the well cavity;
- possibility to apply on front side walls of economical material such as sand-lime or ceramic brick;
- fire resistance;
- aesthetic appearance.
Return to contents
Flaws
Ventilation gaps prevent the formation of condensation between the layers of walls. Well brickwork has many advantages, but if you do not take into account some of the nuances, you can get the following undesirable effects:
- Reduced uniformity and strength of the structure. To prevent this drawback, it is necessary to calculate where and in what quantity to place horizontal and vertical diaphragms, which will ensure strengthening of the structure.
- Formation of condensation inside the well in winter time. To avoid this effect, inner side the well must be covered with a vapor barrier layer. In this case, ventilation gaps of at least 10 cm in size are made. In the area of the upper and lower rows, the vertical seams are cleaned, which ensures air convection for the structure.
- Destruction of insulation when exposed to high temperatures in summer. Use of special heat-resistant insulation materials will prevent damage to thermal insulation.