Sludge sites of wastewater treatment plants. Sewage treatment plants: what is wastewater treatment? Sludge disposal site monitoring

Sludge pads are one of the technological units designed for collecting, storing and dewatering excess activated sludge and wet sludge primary settling tanks.

Design standards for sludge sites, it is allowed to place them on a natural/artificial base, using drainage or doing without it. There are cascade platforms from the surface of which water is drained, compaction platforms.

Sanitary standards regulate the load that sediment exerts on the ground. For the convenience of designers, data on load per unit area is tabulated and placed in SNiP. The heaviest is the sediment fermented from the settling tanks, the lightest is the analogue under thermophilic conditions.

Design of sludge beds

The humidity of the product entering the sites is assumed to be 75 - 70% or 88 - 83% (raw, dehydrated sludge, respectively). Design cost changes in different regions, since there are climatic coefficients that take into account the increase in load on the base and freezing. For mechanical dewatering, reserve areas are provided for 1/5 of the precipitation (annual amount). Dried sludge is useful product, from which animal feed and fertilizers for land use are produced.

Examples of sludge bed design drawings

Sludge sites provide access roads to the dumps and mechanization of loading operations. When choosing a natural base, a geodetic survey is carried out to GWL definitions. For sites with ground filtration on natural foundations, the groundwater level should be no higher than 1.5 m from the map level. If the GWL level is higher than this norm, it is calculated economic efficiency lowering the level or choosing an artificial base. The main characteristics of the cards are:

quantity - from four
working depth - 1 - 0.7 m
fence rollers - 0.3 x 0.7 m
slope - 0.01

Treatment plants sewer cascade type are designed similarly:

cascades - 7 - 4 pcs.
cards in a cascade - 8 - 4 pcs.
map area - 2 - 0.25 hectares
map sizes - depend on the slope (width 100 - 30 m, length 250 - 80 m, width/length ratio 1:2)
rollers - height 2.5 m
map depth - 2.2 m
sediment injection - for 8 cascade cards for 4 - 3 cards, for 4 cards for half of them

Constructive decisions sludge water bypass usually involves a checkerboard order of cards. In this case, silt water makes up 50 - 30% of the sediment. Modern equipment in the form of compaction platforms are tanks with waterproof walls and bottoms. The sludge water is discharged through holes in the walls. Automation, dispatching, and control systems are rarely used here; the process occurs naturally. The bottom of such structures is covered with asphalt concrete or two layers of asphalt over a gravel bed.

Useful information and interesting articles:

Photos of drainage and sewerage:

The main difficulties and mistakes when designing yourself (with your own hands)		Solutions LLC "Region"
	Lack of an agreed upon design of the Sanitary Protection Zone (SPZ)		We will analyze the current situation and prepare Terms of Reference for the SPZ project. If necessary, we will carry out the design of the sanitary protection zone and coordinate it.
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	The price justification was not carried out correctly, based on commercial proposals from non-specialized organizations, without taking into account the fulfillment of requirements technical specifications, the need to inspect buildings and structures, etc.		We will prepare an estimate for design and survey work and inspection, according to reference price guides.
	Inspection, research, design are carried out by different companies - this causes delays and the appearance of additional work.		We have significant experience and qualifications to organize a full range of design and survey work. The Region company has SRO approvals for both design and survey work. We are guaranteed to provide a positive expert opinion and support during construction and installation work.


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WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES.

Treatment plants Wastewater, as the name suggests, are designed for wastewater treatment. Their main purpose is to purify wastewater to a level suitable for further use. Methods for treating wastewater are varied and depend on the type of wastewater, pollutants and level of pollution.

Treatment is a treatment to destroy or remove harmful substances from wastewater. Removing wastewater from pollution is a fairly complex process that can be compared to production. It contains raw materials (waste water) and finished products (purified water).

Wastewater treatment plants are installed for various types of wastewater.

Domestic wastewater– formed as a result of human activity. Drains come from plumbing fixtures (washbasins, sinks, toilets, etc.) of residential buildings, institutions, and public buildings. Household wastewater is dangerous because it is a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria.

Industrial effluents- are formed in enterprises. The category is characterized by the possible presence of various impurities, some of which significantly complicate the purification process. Industrial wastewater treatment plants are usually complex in design and have several stages of treatment. The composition of such structures is selected in accordance with the composition of the wastewater. Industrial wastewater can be toxic, acidic, alkaline, or containing mechanical impurities.

Storm drains– due to the method of formation they are also called superficial. Drains of this type is a liquid that collects on roofs, roads, and squares during precipitation. Stormwater treatment plants typically include multiple stages and are capable of removing impurities from the liquid various types, mainly mechanical and sorption purification. Storm drains are the least dangerous and least polluted of all.

Water purification systems are vital for settlements. The consequences of discharging untreated wastewater are detrimental to nature. Dirty water, falling into a body of water, destroys an established ecosystem: death occurs aquatic plants, microorganisms, fish, soil poisoning. Damage is caused to pets, and ultimately to human health.

In 2010 it was established modern equipment- filter presses. Thanks to the new units, the volume of processed sludge has increased.

Sludge beds used for dewatering sediments are planned land, divided into maps by earthen ridges (Fig. II 1.36).

The sludge with a moisture content of 90-97%, most often 97% (fermented sludge from digesters), is periodically poured into separate cards measuring (10...40) X (60...120) m and dried. The height of the sediment layer dropped onto the card at a time is 0.2-0.25 m. The dried sediment has a moisture content of 75-80%.

Sludge beds are usually arranged on a natural foundation at a depth groundwater at least 1.5 m from the top of the cards. If there is not enough territory, as well as when groundwater occurs at a depth of less than 1.5 m, tubular drainage is installed on the sites. The pipes are laid in ditches filled with crushed stone or gravel with a particle size of 2-6 cm. The distance between drainage ditches taken equal to 6 -8 m. Minimum depth ditches 0.6 m, slope 0.003.

The dried sediment is used as fertilizer. A scraper or bulldozer is used to collect sediment. The collected sediment is loaded into vehicles using an excavator. IN winter time The frozen sediment is broken into blocks and taken to the fields.

Rice. III.36. Sludge pads

The dimensions of the sludge beds are determined depending on the amount of sediment introduced, its characteristics (raw or fermented) and climatic conditions. The rate of sediment load per 1 m 2 of area depends on the type of sediment, climatic conditions, the presence or absence of drainage and averages 0.8-2 m 3 per year. The actual area is assumed to be 20-40% larger than the useful one, since part of the area is needed for the construction of roads, rollers and ditches.

IN winter period the sediment is frozen, and 80% of the area is allocated for freezing, and 20% is intended for use during the spring melting of the frozen sediment. The height of the frost layer should be 0.1 m less than the height of the enclosing rollers.

For treatment plants with a capacity of more than 10,000 m 3 /day, sludge platforms are arranged with settling and surface removal of sludge water in the form of a cascade of ponds, where sediment is compacted and the released sludge water is removed from the surface. Cascade silt ponds have 4-7 stages. Each stage contains 4-8 cards. Effective area one card is 0.25-1 hectares. The width of the card is taken to be within the range of 30-80 m, length 80-160 m. The height of the fencing rollers is up to 2.5 m.

The released sludge water is collected and pumped to treatment facilities. The amount of sludge water is 30-50% of the volume of dewatered sludge.

It is also possible to install sludge compaction platforms - tanks with a waterproof bottom and walls with a working depth of up to 2 m. The separated sludge water is removed through holes blocked by gates, which are located in the walls at different heights.

Lyubertsy wastewater treatment plant (WTP) power 3 million m 3 /day, which are the largest in Europe, provide the reception and treatment of household and industrial wastewater from the North-Western, North-Eastern and Eastern regions of Moscow, as well as cities in the forest park zone: Khimki, Dolgoprudny, Mytishchi, Balashikha, Reutovo, Zheleznodorozhny, Lyubertsy.

Lyubertsy treatment facilities operate according to the traditional technological scheme of complete biological treatment: the first stage is mechanical treatment, including filtering water on screens, trapping mineral impurities in sand traps and settling water in primary settling tanks; the second stage is biological water purification in aeration tanks and secondary settling tanks. The processes occurring here are akin to self-purification processes in natural bodies of water - rivers and lakes, but the speed of the processes is increased many times thanks to specially developed technologies.

Technology system wastewater treatment at the Lyubertsy wastewater treatment plant

Complex VOC includes 3 independently operating wastewater treatment units: Old Station (LOSst.) with a design capacity of 1.50 million m 3 per day, Unit I of the Novolubertsy wastewater treatment plant (NLOS-1) - 1 million m 3 per day and the II block of the Novolubertsy wastewater treatment plant (NVOS-2) - 500 thousand m 3 per day.

A special feature of the VOC is that it was introduced in 2006. nutrient removal unit where deep removal of nitrogen and phosphorus occurs. In addition, in 2007, facilities were put into operation ultraviolet disinfection, with a capacity of 1 million m 3 /day of treated wastewater.

With wastewater, VOCs enter a large number of various types waste: household items of citizens, waste from food production, plastic container And plastic bags, as well as construction and other waste. To remove them from VOCs, two types of mechanized gratings with gaps of 5 and 6 mm are used.

Second stage mechanical cleaning wastewater are sand traps - structures used to remove mineral impurities contained in the incoming water. Mineral contaminants found in wastewater include: sand, clay particles, solutions of mineral salts, mineral oils.

Having passed the first two stages of mechanical treatment, wastewater enters primary settling tanks designed to precipitate undissolved impurities from wastewater. Structurally, all primary settling tanks contain VOCs open type and have a radial shape, with different diameters - 40 and 54 m.

Clarified wastewater after primary settling tanks undergoes complete biological treatment in aeration tanks. Aero tanks – open reinforced concrete structures rectangular shape, 2, 4 corridor type. Biological treatment wastewater is carried out using activated sludge at forced submission air.

The sludge mixture from the aeration tanks enters secondary settling tanks, where the process of separating activated sludge from purified water occurs. Secondary settling tanks are structurally similar to primary settling tanks. Precipitation formed on various stages wastewater treatment, enter a single complex for sludge treatment.

Sludge generated at various stages of wastewater treatment enters a single sludge treatment complex, which includes

belt thickeners to reduce sludge moisture,
digesters for digestion and stabilization of sludge in thermophilic mode (50-53 0 C),
decanter centrifuges for sludge dewatering using flocculants.

Dewatered sludge is transported by third parties outside the territory of the treatment plant for the purpose of neutralization/disposal and/or use for the production of finished products.