Production and fastening of wooden steps to the stairs. Installation of wooden stairs: high-quality installation and surface treatment

Any staircase rests on a load-bearing beam, which can be made as a kosour or bowstring.

Bowstrings allow you to adapt the staircase as much as possible to the specifics of a particular interior, thus making it elegant and modern.

When relying on bowstrings, steps are placed between adjacent boards, attached to them with ends.

It turns out that if you fasten the steps to the bowstrings, then their ends, unlike installation on stringers, will be hidden, and the view of the stairs in profile will be inclined and even. If only one bowstring is used, then the second end of the step can be mounted into the wall. Stair steps come with risers (closed) or without them (open), then either a horizontal step from the vertical part of the step, or only a horizontal one is attached to the bowstring.

The staircase railing, which makes it reliable and comfortable, is formed using balusters (vertical support posts), attached to the railing at the top, and attached to the beam from below, with such a frequency that the gap between adjacent posts does not exceed 15 cm. This ensures a margin of safety. To carry out a wooden staircase, in order to protect it from cracking due to deformations under the influence of the environment, it follows from the same species of wood with fencing and fasteners. Flights of stairs, landings, railings are joined together by balusters, so it must be especially reliable.

For stairs supported by bowstrings, you can place balusters relative to the steps in an arbitrary place, since they are mainly fastened to the beams, and not to the steps. The easiest way is to attach the racks to the side of the bowstring from the outside. Then it is enough to screw them on the side of the screws, having previously drilled recesses under them, and covered them with wooden dowels for masking from above. From the top of the beam to the edge, you can use a baluster (the board is slightly wider than the bowstring), which has a groove below, the size of the width of the bowstring, on which it is put on from above. Racks are placed on the balustrade from above, screwing from below with self-tapping screws. Then the structure is smeared with carpentry glue and put on a bowstring, fastened with clamps. Balusters can be planted on a beam using dowels, fastening spikes round section, drilling holes half their length in the uprights and bowstring so that there is no play. All dowels are tightly inserted into the holes of the uprights, fixed with glue, then the railings are fastened with the lower halves of the dowels to the bowstring.

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We fix the racks

Fastening to the bowstring racks is possible using studs. Take tools:

• end saw;
• drill.

Materials:

• string;
• railing racks;
• standard galvanized studs (M6 thread);
• PVA glue).

Perform in stages:

1. Mark the places for the installation of railing racks.
2. Racks from below are cut with a saw at an angle (the angle of inclination of the beam).
3. From below, at the ends of the racks, holes are drilled (80 mm deep, a drill with a diameter of 12 mm).
4. The studs are seated on glue and inserted into the holes, leaving the ends about 7 cm.
5. Holes are made in the bowstring with a drill with a diameter of 14 mm to a depth of 100 mm.
6. Balusters are inserted into these holes with studs, first fixing the extreme posts, then the rest.

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How to mount stairs

The steps themselves are attached to the bowstrings by cutting them into a beam or mounting them on supporting elements. These are corners or bars that are screwed to the beam with screws along the tread line, the horizontal parts of the steps. Treads are similarly attached to the supports with screws. You can make a staircase with steps cut into the bowstring, in which grooves of the same (2 cm) depth are made with some indentation from the top edge, then treads with risers are inserted into them. Sometimes, using the simplest method, the steps are fixed by screwing screws into the end with outside boards.

A ladder will turn out to be reliable and stable if its bowstrings are joined on balusters. Then the beam consists of sections that, with the help of protrusions, are attached to the grooves of the balusters. At the same time, the loads from the upper parts of the bowstrings are redistributed to the guard posts, and when used, the entire staircase, including bowstrings, steps and balusters, turns into a single, interconnected system.

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Mortise Mount

To make a mortise mount to the bowstring, tools are used:

• manual milling machine;
• drill;
• jigsaw;
• bit;
• screwdriver.

Materials:

• screws;
• wooden slats;
• plywood sheet;
• treads and risers;
• strings.

Perform actions:

1. The bowstring is marked using a plywood tread template (or tread with a riser), cut out taking into account the calculations for the march with the desired slope and number of steps.
2. We draw a reference line on the bowstring, retreating from its edge 50 mm.
3. We will nail the guide rails to the template, which will “slide” along the top edge of the board. By moving the template, we mark the zigzag marking of the steps so that its tops lie on the reference line. At the top, the marking line ends at the level of the second floor platform, and at the bottom, the end of the tread corresponds to the floor.
4. Make grooves in the bowstring (choose at an angle to the line of fibers). In order to make the grooves qualitatively, it is better to cut them out of plywood using a stencil, making a hole in it using a drill and a jigsaw, a little more than the width of the tread and riser and located at the same angle of inclination with the lines on the markup.
5. We place the beam on the goats, and place the stencil on it, combining it with the image of the first tread, and nail it.
6. With a milling machine, moving clockwise, we select a groove to a depth of 20 mm, then processing with a chisel in the corners.
7. After completing right amount holes, assemble the structure, smearing the ends of the steps and grooves with glue.
8. Treads with risers are fastened with screws; steps can also be additionally attached with screws with outer side bowstrings, deepening them and closing them with wooden plugs.

The grooves under the steps must be made with high precision so that the stairs do not stagger or creak. In the bowstrings of stairs with embedded steps, under them, for a fortress, they place (after 4-5 steps) tightening metal rods or bolts at the ends of the treads if there are no risers, i.e. viewed stairs.

The manufacture of bowstrings for stairs is a complex process, since with large dimensions of the structure it requires high accuracy. Often, these load-bearing elements, which are the basis for fastening steps, have a complex configuration, therefore, in carpentry workshops for cutting parts, they most often work on modern CNC machines.

Wooden stairs on bowstrings are durable and are worthy decoration space at home. They can be performed in classical style and become a good addition to the loft interior.

How to make a staircase on bowstrings, how to attach steps and balusters to it, is described in detail in this article.

Ways to make a ladder on bowstrings with your own hands

There are several ways to install stairs on bowstrings. The most popular are free and wall-mounted stair bowstrings. The wall bowstring for the stairs can be seen only from one side of the stairs, and the free bowstring, otherwise called the light string, can be seen from all sides.

It is these properties that must be taken into account before making a ladder on a bowstring with your own hands and opting for any particular type of wood, as well as when processing the surface of wooden blanks.

The assembly of stairs on bowstrings differs from the assembly of the structure on stringers by the method of fastening. The steps of such stairs are inserted into the grooves of the supporting beams, which are called bowstrings. Sometimes only one bowstring is used in the design. In this case, the installation of the second side of the steps is carried out in the wall.

Ladders on bowstrings can be open and closed. stairs open type look lighter, and when creating closed structures risers are used, thanks to which the staircase visually seems massive.

The most convenient and simple to create are stairs on bowstrings with a straight march, in which the steps are fastened between two straight beams - bowstrings. Such stairs can be single-flight and double-flight - depending on the size and design of the room. In addition, bowstring structures can be designed with an intermediate platform or winder steps. Form landings(rectangular, square or rounded) directly depends on the chosen design of the structure.

One of the requirements for mounting a ladder on a bowstring is the availability of free space. This factor, as well as the distance between the floors, determines the design. Depending on this, the type of fences will be selected.

One of the most simple designs stairs made of wood on bowstrings, as well as stairs on stringers, which is suitable for beginners, is considered to be attached (single-march straight). Tilt angle flight of stairs will depend on the amount of free space for the structure and on the height of the floor.

If there is not enough space, then it is recommended to build a two-flight straight staircase with winders or an intermediate platform. Thanks to this, you can save usable area gender. In addition, this ladder is very convenient to use.

Do-it-yourself ladders on bowstrings can be made with risers, although the latter are rarely used in this type of structure. Due to the absence of these elements, the stairs look lighter and not as massive.

As for the decor, in the stairs to the second floor, mounted on bowstrings, the supporting beams, as well as the stringers, may well act as decorative elements.

If desired, they can be arranged, for example, using artistic carving on wood. good decoration is forging metal, which is attached to a bowstring made of wood.

Railings play an important role in the design concept of the flight of stairs. They can be made of wood or wood with forging elements, of stainless steel. Railings are usually light, so the stairs look even more "transparent".

One more hallmark The design of stairs on bowstrings is the ability to place balusters in any order and at any frequency, which is problematic to do in stairs on stringers, in which the order is more limited.

Handmade wooden stairs with bowstrings are distinguished by reliability and ease of use. They are safe and durable, because, despite the apparent lightness, they are able to withstand significant loads.

The basic principles of building a ladder structure on bowstrings do not differ from building a ladder on stringers. Openings, supporting bowstrings on the lower and top beams are built according to the same principles as when installing stairs on stringers.

The main difference lies in the way the steps are supported. In the stairs on the stringers, the steps rest on the boards from above, and in the stairs on the bowstrings, the steps are located between the boards (strings). When a step is subjected to a vertical load, the tread flexes downward and then straightens out. At the same time, a thrust is formed at its ends. To prevent the bowstrings from spreading to the sides, it is recommended to connect them with a metal bar with a diameter of 8-12 mm with threads at the ends and nuts. You can also use strands of other designs.

One of the common designs is a staircase with mortise steps. When erecting it, cutouts are made in the bowstring - grooves 15-20 mm deep, into which treads and risers will be inserted. For a snug fit, the tread grooves of the bowstring should be with even planes and the same depth.

Watch the video "Ladder on strings", which shows various ways installations of such structures:

How to properly mark and secure the bowstring of the stairs

To prevent distortion of the structure, Special attention attention should be paid to the accuracy of the marking of the grooves. Before marking the string of the stairs, prepare a template that is almost the same as the template for stringers made from a sheet of plywood. The only difference is that wooden planks in this case, it is necessary to nail, observing an indent of 50 mm. Otherwise, the bowstring will be cut to the very edge of the board, and it will thus become a stringer. The offset can be 40, 30 or 20 mm. In the process of marking, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the bowstrings are not the same elements, but are a mirror image of each other.

The correct marking of treads and risers is carried out by moving the template along the edge of the bowstring. To do this, a reference line is applied along the long edge of the bowstring at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the board (or at a selected distance). When moving the template along the bowstring, a line of steps is marked with a pencil, the tops of which should lie on the reference line of the bowstring. At the ends of the bowstring, the extended tread marking line will correspond to the floor level, and on the other hand, the perpendicular to the top of the riser line will correspond to the floor level of the second floor or intermediate floor. These ends are sometimes advised to cut off immediately, but still it is better to try on the bowstring in place. It is likely that the ends of the bowstrings will be used for tapping into the ceiling. Grooves for treads can be made independently using hand tool, but it is advisable to use manual frezer noah machine.

Regardless of the material of manufacture of the bowstring (solid board or modified wood), the grooves for the steps must be selected obliquely to the direction of the fibers. To perform a high-quality groove, it is recommended to use a power tool and mill the bowstrings using a plywood stencil.

And how to fix the bowstring of the stairs, which, for example, consists of 18 lifts without intermediate platforms for attaching treads? To do this, use 3-4 tension bolts passing through both bowstrings. Directly into the tread, the installation of their shortened versions takes place.

The use of tension bolts in the tread is a task for professionals, but if all the rules are observed, even a beginner can handle it.

Making a stencil for marking the bowstring of the stairs

When making a stencil for marking the bowstring of a ladder, two bars should be nailed to a rectangular piece of plywood parallel to the edges of the bowstring so that the distance between them is equal to the width of the bowstring. Next, the stencil must be placed on the bowstring and draw a reference line on it. Then you should remove the slats from the step template and place it on the stencil for the grooves so that the reference lines coincide. It is necessary to draw lines that will correspond to the sides of the step. The tread should be placed on the stencil to the tread line and circled around it. If necessary, you can expand the hole by a distance equal to the gap between the cutter and the round flange of the milling machine.

To tread with a drill and a jigsaw, you need to make an enlarged hole in the stencil. The bowstring should be put on the goats and a stencil should be installed on it. Then the line of the first tread must be aligned with the tread line of the stencil and temporarily nail the stencil to the bowstring. After that, you should go through the bowstring with a cutter to a depth of 15-20 mm in several passes. When the work is finished, it is recommended to process the corners of the grooves with a chisel.

Immediately before assembling the stairs on the bowstrings, the end of the step and the groove should be smeared with glue. Exists a large number of types of adhesives for wooden surfaces. V this case almost anyone will do, the main thing is to carefully read the instructions before using it.

When mounting the connection on wedges, the grooves of the bowstring should be expanded with a slope towards the back so that they acquire a trapezoidal shape.

Installation of stairs: ways to fasten the steps to the bowstring

The tread, inserted into the grooves, is to be wedged from below with wooden wedges, which press it against the upper side of the recess. To increase the strength of the connection, the tread must be additionally attached to the bowstring with screws that are attached from the outside.

The heads of the screws must be sunk into the wood of the bowstring and puttied. You can also screw the screws deep into the wood, seal the holes with wooden plugs and grind. There are other ways of attaching steps to bowstrings. So, for example, treads are attached to them using bars of square and triangular cross-section, using surfboards, or using steel fasteners. In such cases, the bowstrings of the stairs must be made of planed boards, be smooth, without grooves. to them with inside usually, short bars or surfs are attached to the screws, and the steps are mounted directly to them.

Fastening in a wooden staircase on the bowstrings of the tread and riser between themselves can be done in several ways, similar to the fastening of stairs along stringers.

The next section of the article is devoted to how to attach balusters to the bowstring of the stairs.

Proper fastening of balusters to the bowstring of a wooden staircase to the second floor

When arranging stair turns on bowstrings that do not have interfloor platforms, you can use a central support post or dock the bowstring on the railing balusters. Plug-in swivel fittings are also permitted.

Proper docking of the bowstrings of the stairs on the balusters not only provides a strong and reliable connection, but it is also a beautiful and elegant building solution.

When attaching the balusters to the bowstring of the stairs, the stresses that usually appear on the load-bearing structural elements (in the lower part of the stairs) are transferred to the railings (in the upper part of the structure).

Thus, the whole structure works on the load when using the stairs; bowstrings, balusters and fencing. A single rigid spatial system is formed.

The articulation of bowstrings on swivel fittings is technically more complex. It allows you not to limit the design of stairs to one type of railing. By itself, this knot is a truncated likeness of a joint on balusters, without an upper power belt. The swivel baluster, on which the bowstring was joined, is here replaced with short pieces of bowstrings. But the requirements for such nodes are increased: especially for the quality of the tie-ins and bowstring material.

Double-flight staircase on bowstrings: assembly and installation of the structure

Strengthening the bowstrings of two-flight stairs can be done in a similar way. It is necessary to fix the central support baluster on the landing beam, into which the internal bowstrings of the ascending and descending marches will be inserted.

Also, bowstrings can be bolted to its side faces. And the wall bowstrings should then be nailed to the wall.

The second option is the fastening of two racks of reduced section to the platform beam. In one of them you need to cut the bowstring of the ascending march with a spike, and in the other - the bowstring of the descending march.

Most often, modified wood (glued boards) is used to create bowstrings, and all tie-ins are made using glue.

It must be borne in mind that the nodes of the stairs on wooden joints can lead to creaking and gradual loosening of the nodes. Therefore, if the master does not have sufficient experience in joinery work, it is recommended to use metal tie products to connect the bowstrings, which are able to fix the joints for the entire life of the structure.

A ladder on bowstrings is a type of construction that involves the installation of treads into the grooves of the bowstring to a depth of 20-25 mm. The cutting of these grooves is usually done by gouging, cutting or using a milling cutter.

Distinguish the following types steps:

• mortise,
• inserted into grooves;
• inserted into through grooves, pre-hollowed out in a bowstring. They can be with or without risers.

The connection of the bowstring and steps occurs with the help of tension bolts. Threaded studs with a diameter of 10-14 mm can also be used. As a general rule, the tension screws should be located in the middle of the string, just below the tread.

When installing a curved ladder, the tension bolts, which are located on the line of its bend, should also be bent. Thus, they will be parallel to the front edge of the tread. In this case, the bolt nut will be perpendicular to the bowstring of the ladder. As a result, the nut will cut into stair string, and the hole on the other string can be masked with a decorative insert.

The video "Making ladders on bowstrings" will help you better cope with this task:

Many private houses have stairs leading to the second floor. As a rule, it is designed at the stage of developing the layout of the entire structure. In principle, during construction there is various works, which it is quite possible to do on your own, for example, mount the same steps if they are made of wood. However, many masters cannot understand how to fix the steps. wooden stairs. From this article, you will learn about the main method of assembling such a structure and make sure that such a procedure can be easily done with your own hands.

Staircase on bowstrings

The vast majority of stairs in the premises are assembled on bowstrings. That's what they call supporting structure flight of the stairs. It looks like a beam with cutouts, which, in turn, are made on its inside - it is in these cutouts that the steps are placed. This method of fastening the master is called classical.

materials

Most often, bowstrings are made from:

• Wood. Used exclusively coniferous and hardwoods. conifers are considered very good, but they have one drawback - they are able to release resin. For this reason, it is better to choose hardwoods.
• Metal.
• Reinforced concrete.

Parameters

The dimensions of the finished bowstring directly depend on the length of the flight of stairs. Before fixing the steps of a wooden staircase, it is worth considering the following parameters:

• For a staircase with a width of 90 cm, it is better to make a bowstring from a board with a thickness of about 0.5 cm and a width of 30 cm.
• Nest cuts are made at a depth of 2 cm.
• The minimum width of the string itself is 27.5 cm.

In order to correctly mark the bowstring, two main methods are used:

1. Using a ruler and square.
2. By resorting to the help of a special template.

Important! For each method, you need to draw a line of support. It must be marked 4-5 cm from the edge of the workpiece. Before you begin to perform all operations for the manufacture of a bowstring, it is necessary to without fail impregnate the wood blank with a primer.

When marking the bowstring, you need to consider the following points:

• It is necessary that the march slope is 30-40 degrees.
• The depth of the steps must be at least 30 cm.
• Each one is approximately 20cm high.

Tools

In order to make steps and a bowstring, you need to stock up on the following items:

• Roulette, square and ruler.
• Electric jigsaw.
• Level.
• Drill.
• Manual milling machine.
• Hammer.
• Screwdriver Set.
• Bit.
• Wooden slats (can be replaced with metal corners).

Installation

Before proceeding with fastening the steps of a wooden staircase, you need to cut the grooves using a manual milling machine. After that, the structure must be attached to the location of the wooden stairs. This procedure can be done in two ways:

1. By installing the racks in the allocated holes in the floor.
2. By attaching these racks with anchor bolts.

The next step is to attach the steps to the bowstring. The steps that you have already cut to the right size and processed, and the risers are attached to the grooves or screwed to the bars of wood, to the corners of the metal.

Important! These details are very important to do with particular accuracy, otherwise, the whole structure will stagger more and more over time and emit an unpleasant creak.

The bowstrings must be fastened to each other with ties after 3-4 steps.

We attach the steps with a kosour

You can fix the steps on a wooden staircase to a stringer made of metal or wood. This is the name of the support beam, which has a sawtooth shape. Attached to her protrusions wooden details. You can install one stringer or several. The steps are attached to them with screws, and their caps on top must be closed with small wooden plugs.

Important! The best option there will be sawing steps from oak or pine. As a rule, riser masters do not install - this makes the structure lighter and soft look. It is also worth noting that even to assemble a ladder made of wood, it is simply necessary to have a welding skill.

Finishing

After you have fixed the steps of a wooden staircase, she needs to make a good fence, consisting of a railing with balusters. For this purpose, you need to follow a few rules:

• It is necessary that the gap between them be at least 15 cm and not more than 20 cm.
• They are attached from the outside of the bowstring using screws, dowels, studs or spikes.
• For the studs, you need to drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm to a depth of 80 mm. They are put on glue, while leaving 5-7 mm outside.

Further work is as follows:

1. A hole must be drilled in the bowstring, the depth of which is 10 cm.
2. Next comes the installation of the extreme columns. Between them you need to pull the twine and put the rest of the balusters.
3. Attach the railing, which is made of a bar, 80-100 mm wide.
4. Cover the entire structure with varnish or paint to give a protective layer.

Safety

Finally, materials that resist slipping can be laid on the steps.

To connect the risers with the steps, we choose the simplest and most sufficient effective method for connecting solid wood parts is a connection using wooden dowels. In our case, the dowel performs the same function as in the manufacture of log cabins - this is to maintain the verticality of the riser and prevent its displacement in any direction.

In the figure, the numbers indicate the installation locations of the dowels, as you can see, it is necessary to install at least three dowels: two on the side and one dowel in the center of the step. This option of installing dowels will allow you to securely fasten the riser to the stairs. It is desirable to make the depth of landing of the dowel in the step and the riser at least half the thickness of the step, that is, 20 mm.

The dowel for connecting risers and steps can be made, for example, from solid birch, oak or beech.

The marking of holes in the steps can only be done after the steps are cut to the size we need - 860 mm! We trim the steps from the side that is located to the wall of the house.

Now we are moving on to preparing the connections of the riser with the steps. As you can see from the figure, step A is installed first, then the riser into which the dowels are already inserted, and then step B is installed.

In order to attach the pad to the step in this way, it is necessary to make holes in the steps of the stairs. We also make holes in the risers and install dowels in them. Let's begin to analyze an example of marking the places for making holes from the lower stage A:

Hole making on the front

We measure 10 mm from the back end of the step and draw the X axis. From the left end we measure 430 mm, the middle of the step and draw the Y1 axis. We mark the side holes as follows - we measure 50 mm from the left and right ends and draw the Y axis and the Y2 axis. At the intersection of the Y axes with the X axis, we put marks that serve as the center of the holes.

The step marking under the letter B is almost identical. We will only find the axis as follows. We measure 289 mm from the back end of the step and draw the axis we need. Next, we repeat all the steps for marking the holes, as we did when marking the steps from the front side:

Back hole device

On the riser at the lower and upper ends, we apply the markings as follows. We measure 10 mm from the back end and draw the X axis. Further, in order for the holes in the risers to coincide with the holes in the steps, we find the Y axes in the same way as on the steps.

In order for the holes to have the same depth, they must be drilled with a depth stop, which can be done using an adjusting bar on the drill or a drilling depth stop is fixed on the drill.

Stairs between floors country houses equipped with load-bearing beams, which are kosour or bowstring. Both designs are quite reliable, but differ in the way the steps are attached to the beams. The staircase with a bowstring adapts best to the surrounding interior, in which the step must be fixed into the internal grooves.

The outer part hides the docking points, which does not spoil appearance designs. The view of the stairs is even and inclined, the steps are located at the ends between the boards. You can buy a ready-made wooden or metal kosour with a serrated edge, while fastening is carried out on the teeth for the boards.

The size of the stairs with a stringer is more compact, but less reliable. Multi-storey housing owners choose different ways how to fasten the steps to the bowstring of a wooden staircase, while making them open or closed, with the organization of the riser. You can always buy finished project, but if desired, all work can be done by hand.

Staircase with bowstring

The staircase will be more reliable and convenient during active use if a fence is attached to it with balusters. Each support column is attached vertically to the handrail, connecting below to the beam in increments of no more than 15 centimeters. Such fastening is necessary for the safe placement of the fence and a minimum margin of safety.

The installation of a wooden staircase is carried out independently in a short time, but it is necessary to carefully choose the wood for the structure in order to prevent cracking and resin release over time. Reliable material and competent calculation allow you to install the ladder on for a long time, while none of the details will let the owner down in terms of service life. Railings and landings, flights of stairs to any floor must be fixed with balusters, so the installation of this element is especially important.

It is possible to fasten balusters on stairs, at the base of which there is a bowstring, in any place, since fastening is carried out not on a step, but on a beam. Usually the installation of racks is done from the outside in the sidewall carrier beam. In this case, screws are used, which are screwed into the grooves and covered with decorative dowels. On top of the edge on the lamella, a baluster is attached through a board, the size of which is larger than the bowstring. Such a baluster at the bottom has a groove that is put on the bowstring. Racks are screwed on top of this structure using self-tapping screws.

Experts recommend fixing the structure when attached to the bowstring with carpentry glue (to splice them together), and fastening with clamps. Balusters are planted on the beam with the help of dowels, round spikes for fasteners. It is necessary to pre-make a hole for them in the rack, avoiding backlash. Dowels are inserted tightly into the racks and fixation is carried out adhesive solution. The bowstring and railing are connected by the lower parts of the dowels.

How to fasten the racks to the bowstring?

To the surface of the support beam of the rack, you need to fasten with studs. This will require conventional drill and end saw. From the materials you will need the bowstring itself, fence posts, galvanized studs with a thread of at least M6, PVA glue in a tube. Typical work sequence:

• It is necessary to mark the places for attaching the railing in the form of racks. If a complex design is chosen, it is recommended that the project be checked by professionals;
• It is recommended to securely fasten the rack and cut it off bottom corners, maintaining the angle of the inclined beam;
• Make holes with a diameter of 12 mm for a length of 80 mm;
• Push the pins into adhesive composition and insert into the holes, leaving 7 centimeters out;
• Make holes in the bowstring, for this, the drill bit of the drill must be fixed up to 14 mm. Depth of work - 10cm;
• Balusters are inserted with studs, while the fixation process comes from the extreme pillars.

To the bowstring of the stairs, the step is attached by tie-in or mounting on supporting parts. These include special bars that are attached to the beam with screws on the tread. The tread itself is attached to the supports with the same screws.

Some experts recommend splicing a step. In this case, short bars are used for gluing, which makes the surface not solid, but with longitudinal and transverse seams. You can splice in a checkerboard pattern, which resembles the connection of parquet.

It is allowed to arrange a staircase with steps cut into the bowstring with grooves 2 cm deep. It is necessary to first mark them, stepping back from the edge of the edge, then insert a tread with a riser inside. by the most in a simple way is screwing the board from the end with a screw.

The ladder and its bowstring will be reliable and safe if the bowstrings are docked on the balusters. In this case, there are several sections in the beam, the fastening of which is made in baluster grooves.

All incoming load from the top of the stairs is transferred to the fence posts, so during operation the entire structure becomes a single system. Balusters, step and bowstring will be interconnected. The choice of step type does not affect the strength of the structure, but if the steps are spliced ​​together, the surface characteristics will be significantly improved.

Methods for attaching steps to a bowstring ladder

Mortise Mount

You can make a mortise type mount yourself using a drill and a hand mill, a chisel and a jigsaw, a screwdriver. It is also worth preparing screws, plywood, wood slats, risers and treads.

1. The bowstring must be marked with a plywood template, in which the tread is cut with or without a riser according to the size of the march;
2. Apply the reference line with an indent from the edge of the edge by 50mm;
3. Make fastening rails of the guide type, sliding along the top of the board. The template moves along the material in such a way that the tops of the zigzags of the step are located along the reference line;
4. Grooves are made in the bowstring, with the obligatory observance of the angle to the location of the fibers of the material. Reliable way make the correct groove - use a stencil with a hole in the plywood. In this case, a jigsaw and a drill can be done right size holes;
5. The beam is placed on the goats, a stencil is placed on top of it so that the tread matches, a mount is made;
6. With a milling cutter in the clockwise direction, a groove is cut 20 cm deep, after which the corners are processed with a chisel;
7. Having made the required number of grooves, the ladder is assembled, each step in the groove is smeared with glue;
8. The risers and treads need to be fixed with a screw, each step is fastened to the bowstring with screws from the outside. A decorative cap is installed over the fastener.

Mounting with supports

Fastening steps using metal supports does not require milling. Of the tools you need only a hammer and a drill, nails, screws and metal corners. It is necessary to mark the tread according to the plywood template, then nail the support bar. Metal corners are fixed with screws using prepared holes. Each step is connected to the supporting element with a screw.

A staircase with a one-sided bowstring, when the second function is performed by a wall, is done as a fastening of steps and balusters. To do this, you need to make a bowstring, in which cut the mortise grooves with a milling cutter. Treads and risers are assembled into steps. The bottom of the step is attached to the groove on the support beam on one side, and on the other - to the baluster.

The lower racks are bolted to the floor, connecting the base of the lower step with screws. The installation of the second stage is carried out, fixed to the fence post (handrail). The back of the lower step is needed to support the front of the next step, and the middle is fixed to the uprights. This principle works for all steps in the ladder.

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