In electrics there is certain type coatings that serve insulating purposes. Insulating materials are for various purposes: For piping, walls and floors, roofs, they are often used in construction, electrical and industrial work.
Types and purpose
Insulating protective materials used to protect residential and production premises from negative impact environment. Their application depends on the type of coating. Exist the following types insulation:
- Heat, wind, sound insulation;
- Hydro- and vapor barrier;
- Electrical insulating and vibration insulating materials.
In addition to this classification, there is also a division of coatings depending on their shape. There are liquid, dense and powder options. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Photo - insulators for pipelinesThermal insulation, wind and sound insulation
Thermal insulation or thermal insulation building materials GOST R 52953-2008 are used to reduce heat loss from the ceiling, floor and walls. They can be used for both outdoor and interior decoration in order to reduce the thermal conductivity of the building. This property is inherent in them due to their special design, which implies high porosity and density.
Photo - mineral wool There are the following main types of thermal insulation:
Photo – Arbolit Even though organic finishing coatings have many advantages, now they are rarely used for insulating facades, because they have low fire resistance. They are mainly used as insulating materials for gas pipelines, water supply systems and individual water pipes.
Photo - combined membrane film Wind barrier films are often identified with thermal insulation films, but they serve a slightly different purpose. These panels are represented by film membranes, the main purpose of which is to stop the air flow and prevent it from entering the room. This type of coating is often used for wooden houses(which high level porosity), protecting the floor and roof from blowing.
Photo - Windproofing films Windproofing materials are very similar to vapor barrier materials, and they are represented by polyethylene foam, membrane, diffusion films, the winding of which requires the use of special soft disks. By the way, insulation, depending on the material from which it is made, can act as a wind insulator.
Let's look at the prices for the insulating material VPE Comfort 3 mm Lavsan (roll products):
| City | Cost m 2, cu. e. |
| Ekaterinburg | 0,5 |
| Irkutsk | 0,5 |
| Moscow | 0,7 |
| St. Petersburg (SPb) | 0,7 |
| Samara | 0,5 |
| Ufa | 0,5 |
In addition to Lavsan, you can also buy insulating protective materials produced by TPK Baikal, Ekaterinburg Plant (EZIM) and Global Thermal.
Soundproofing
Soundproofing and soundproofing protect the room from noise penetrating into a residential building from the outside. They are necessary both for the construction of a private house and for independent major renovation apartments. Modern films are divided into:
- Acoustic;
- Sound-padding.
The key difference between them is their purpose. Acoustic ones help improve audibility inside a particular room, and cushioning ones eliminate the problem of street noise from cars, etc. Such properties are ensured by a certain texture and design of the slabs. They can be presented in the form of mineral wool or foam plastic, where, on the one hand, there is a soft structure, and on the other, a hard reflective sheet (for example, aluminum or asbestos-cement). Polymer films that have a membrane structure are also now being produced. They are known for their combined properties due to a soft inner layer and a porous outer layer, which absorb sound from the room and reflect frequencies from the street.
Steam and waterproofing coatings
These materials are necessary to protect the structure from exposure to water, condensation or chemical substances. They are most often used as roofing coverings, because it is this area of the building that is most affected by precipitation. They are mainly bituminous (i.e., plastic, soft) and are made from metal shavings, minerals, and various plastics. Can be produced in the following forms:
In addition to roofing, they are also often used to finish the floor, especially if the building is built on a pillar or pile foundation.
Photo - Vapor barrier film Video: application insulating materials in electrical engineering
Electrical insulating materials
High-temperature electrical insulating films and mastics are designed to protect current-carrying conductors electrical wires. They are necessary to protect against short circuit or connection of cores. Heat resistance characteristics:
- Y - these are materials made from flammable fibrous substances such as cotton covering, cellulose, paper, etc. They are not dipped in special protective lubricants, so their maximum heating temperature before ignition is 90 degrees;
- Class A is type Y insulation, but pre-impregnated with protective liquids. They are used to work with transformer substations etc. Used when heating up to 105°;
- E are insulators for most known wires, devices, etc. These are mainly films and resins of synthetic origin. Necessary for insulating refrigerators, power cables, power lines, etc. can heat up depending on up to 120° C.
- Category B is hard coatings made of mica, fiberglass and other organic and combined materials. They can withstand heat up to 130 degrees. Class F is the same organic material, but treated with protective compounds;
- Class C is the newest insulating coatings. They are used by electrical equipment, where the heating of the conductors can reach 180 degrees and above. Represented by mica, ceramics, and other solid compounds of organic origin.
Photo - insulation for wires The production of insulated cables is carried out in almost every big city RF and CIS countries.
From year to year, energy prices are rising inexorably, while the level of income of the population remains almost unchanged. Looking at the unaffordable bills for heating a house or apartment, you come to the understanding that the problem needs to be solved on your own - by insulating residential premises.
For this purpose they can be used different kinds insulation for house walls inside and outside.
Let's take a closer look possible options materials for insulation, their advantages and disadvantages.
Insulation works best done in summer period when air humidity is minimal.
The walls for insulation in the room must be perfectly dry. Dry them after additional plastering, finishing works for leveling surfaces using construction hair dryers and heat guns.
Stages of surface insulation:
- Cleaning the surface from decorative elements- wallpaper, paint.
- Treating walls with antiseptic solutions, priming the surface with deep penetration into layers of plaster.
- In some cases, when installing polystyrene foam and electric heating elements, the walls are pre-leveled using waterproof plaster for bathrooms.
- must be carried out in accordance with the instructions prescribed by the manufacturer for this type of material.
- Mounting a protective partition for application final finishing, or covering the surface with a construction mesh, its plastering.
- Creating a single composition with the overall design of the room.
Insulation of walls inside the house is one of the most effective ways protect your home from the penetration of cold and negative influence condensation, the main thing is to observe technological sequence stages. You can read more about the technology of insulating a home from the inside in
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Modern types of wall insulation, properties and characteristics:
Tips for insulating walls in an apartment - analysis of common mistakes:
Insulation of the house, performed using even the most insignificant expensive materials, – the pleasure is not cheap. There are now many types of insulation available for interior works, which are presented in a wide price range. Therefore, choose an inexpensive and quality material won't be difficult.
Warm home in winter period and comfortable coolness during the hot season, as well as a reduction in bills for public utilities will show that the thermal insulation of the room is done well and of high quality.
What material did you use to insulate the walls of your house? What guided your choice and are you satisfied with the result? Please tell us about it in the comments section. There you can ask a question about the topic of the article, and we will try to answer it promptly.
In solving the problem of home insulation great importance has floor insulation. This is most relevant for the first floors of apartments and houses, in which there is earth, a basement or a garage under the floor, and thermal insulation on the floor is simply necessary. Nowadays, the market offers various thermal insulation materials that differ in price, properties and installation method.
All thermal insulation materials for floors can be divided into two categories - resistant to dynamic loads and unstable to them.
Such materials are laid in a continuous layer on concrete base, and then the main floor is mounted directly on this material, i.e. the floor will rest with all its weight on the thermal insulation material.
The cheapest option is to use polystyrene foam boards, which are essentially polystyrene foam. In addition to the fact that they are cheap, they also insulate well from the cold, create good sound insulation and are easy to install. But polystyrene foam has one big drawback– over time, it accumulates moisture and, as a result, its thermal insulation and waterproofing properties decrease. This happens because the thermal conductivity of water is approximately 25 times higher than that of air. In addition, this material is flammable, which further reduces its consumer value.
Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL) is a fairly common floor insulation material, which is made from gypsum using various additives. But this is not drywall. This material does not have a cardboard covering. There is also a moisture-resistant variety gypsum fiber sheets, which is designated as GVLV. This material does not burn and in most cases is quite environmentally friendly, because... made from natural materials. In addition, GVL has good thermal insulation properties, which makes it quite attractive for laying on a concrete floor.
Polyurethane foam belongs to the group of gas-filled plastics. It has a low water absorption coefficient and good thermal insulation properties. But the complexity of installation and the cost of the material itself make it less attractive compared to other types thermal insulation materials.
It will not be possible to install a floor on such materials. They are typically used to fill voids of any kind, such as voids between floor joists while the main floor will rest on the joists.
One of the most effective is mineral wool (glass wool, mineral wool), which has remarkable thermal insulation, sound insulation, frost-resistant and fire-resistant qualities. Additionally, glass wool is inexpensive, extremely durable, and rodent-resistant.
Excellent thermal insulation for the floor - expanded clay. He creates good thermal insulation, sound insulation, does not burn and, in addition, does not absorb moisture, which makes this material very effective when used in floors with logs.
There is another classification of insulation - according to structure. This classification includes fibrous materials(mineral wool), cellular (polystyrene boards) and porous (expanded clay).
There is also a classification by shape, which includes: slabs (polystyrene foam boards, gypsum board), rolls (mineral wool) and loose materials (expanded clay).
We should not forget that most thermal insulation materials are not completely environmentally friendly, i.e. with prolonged contact with humans, they can be harmful to health. Therefore, the installed insulation must be well insulated from the rooms in which people are located.
During construction or repairs, walls, ceilings, floors and other surfaces are covered special materials, to prevent heat loss during the cold period and was not bothered by the heat in summer season. One of them is roll insulation, often used for large areas.
Advantages of roll material
This material has many advantages. The main thing is that the insulation in rolls copes well with preserving optimal temperatures indoors. There are other advantages:
Main types of insulation
Thermal insulation in rolled rolls can be used both for external and internal laying. There are options specifically designed for pipes and communications. Available for sale and roll insulation for walls directly under the wallpaper.
The raw materials used for their production are also different. Thermal insulation made from mineral components is the most common. Foamed polyethylene is also popular. Natural insulation materials like corks are less common and used. Some types have an additional layer in the form of foil or paper. Let's consider each option in more detail.
Special thermal insulation coating
To improve the performance of their products, companies that produce rolled thermal insulation add certain coatings. The basis under them may be different.
Types of mineral wool in rolls
There are several varieties of insulation in this group. Their structure is the same, they differ in composition.
Any type of wool must be covered with a vapor barrier, especially in rooms with high humidity. And it also holds back the smallest particles of fibers that appear over time and negatively affect a person. Raw materials often contain formaldehyde, which also affects health. High-quality rolls should have a minimum of this substance
For laying mineral wool The frame must be installed. On the walls, the panels that hold it in place are pressed firmly so that the canvas does not move out over time. For necessary protection from the cold, the number of layers can be increased.
Manufacturers often divide their products according to the purpose of the insulation. For ceilings and floors, the rolls will be lighter. For the main floor, walls, and other surfaces, the density of the material is usually increased. Due to this, the dimensions of the roll also change:
- length from 3 to 8 meters;
- thickness in 3 options (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm);
- width from 0.6 m to 1.22 m.
Manufacturers of insulating wool
Construction stores offer wide choose mineral wool. Let's look at the features of materials from some companies specializing in this area:
Has many positive qualities. It is obtained by filling heated polyethylene with gases. As a result, a mass is formed with many closed bubbles inside, which subsequently hardens. For special strength, it is also “cross-linked,” i.e., the bonds of molecules are strengthened chemically.
Therefore, they are available for sale two options: stitched and, accordingly, unstitched. Both types have very low thermal conductivity, but the first still has best characteristics, which is why it costs more (its density is 30 kg/m³). The general properties of the materials are:
The difference is that cross-linked polyethylene foam is capable of absorbing sounds well, but its brother cannot boast of this. It works worse as a sound insulator. Under mechanical stress, the uncrosslinked version loses its shape irrevocably. Cross-linked has greater compressive strength, which means it can be used for insulating horizontal surfaces.
Due to the thinness of the material, rolls can be up to 30 meters in length, width from 0.6 to 1.2 m. Thickness reaches 1 cm. Negative nuances for polyethylene are flammability and current conductivity (electricity passing nearby must be well insulated) . To secure the material to the wall, special glue is required.
Penofol brand polyethylene foam
Penofol insulation - appeared recently, but has already stood out among its peers. It is not destroyed by weather conditions and aggressive environment. Thermal insulators from this company have several varieties:
- the foil covering can be fixed on one or both sides;
- rolls with adhesive layer(even more simplifies installation);
- specialized type of insulation for communication networks;
- insulation for harsh conditions with a thickness of up to 40 mm.
The combined technology makes it possible to further reduce the thermal conductivity of insulated surfaces. Moisture resistant and durable material, which does not require the cost of vapor barrier, can be used in various directions. Does not lose its properties in the temperature range from -60 to +100 C°.
Cork insulation for surfaces
An environmentally friendly and durable raw material for the production of thermal insulation is cork oak bark. Absolutely natural ingredients make rolls safe for health. The crushed bark is combined with organic glue and pressed. Thickness ranges from 2 to 6 millimeters. The length of the roll reaches 10 meters, the width is mostly one meter. Most often, in this form, the cork goes under wallpaper, on a substrate for laminate or “warm flooring”.
Thermal conductivity index not inferior mineral wool, however, the layer used is much thinner. Cork insulation is not flammable, does not absorb water well and retains noise. However, its density is high, and therefore its weight is high. The safety factor is high, the service life is stated to be up to 50 years. The negative side is the price of “naturalness”; compared to the others, it is quite high.
This insulation is produced mainly by Portuguese companies: Wicanders, Izora, Amorim. They offer a wide range of insulating rolls, which can also serve as wall decoration. Installation is also simple; basically, the cork is “set” on glue.
Modern technologies provide huge selection heat insulators for any premises and structures. The selection criteria are based on what surface needs to be covered and how much the buyer is willing to pay for it to maintain comfort in their home.