Subfloor installation in frame house depends on the type of foundation on which it stands. And the type of foundation of even such a light structure depends on the nature of the soil. And here there are no restrictions on materials - it can be concrete floors on the ground, or wooden floors on joists. But the first option, if used, is only on a slab or strip foundation. Although for strip foundation subfloors on joists are more common. And taking into account the fact that a frame house is usually placed on a screw or columnar foundation (if the geological features of the site allow), the rough wooden floor most common.
All enclosing surfaces frame house are constructed similarly - thin-sheet sheathing with insulation in the middle
General terms
In principle, there are two types of wooden subfloor on the first floor of a frame house:
load-bearing ventilated structure on a strip or pile (screw) foundation;
lattice design on a slab or concrete screed.
In the first case, the horizontal level must already be maintained at the level of the base, grillage or trim, in the second - when pouring the base.
If there is a subfloor in the strip shallow foundation ventilation vents must be installed in the load-bearing walls of the base along the perimeter and inside it.
Note. Vents should also be left when arranging the base of the pile foundation.
To protect wood from rotting when in contact with concrete or metal surface, places of support load-bearing beams floors on the foundation are insulated using rolled bitumen waterproofing.
All wooden elements must be treated with antiseptics, the metal fasteners used and fastening points must have an anti-corrosion coating.
Subfloor structure
The structure of the floor in a frame house is no different from the walls.
There are also power elements responsible for the reliability and strength of the structure - joists and lintels. They are also attached to a load-bearing base - the foundation. And in cross-section, this is the same sandwich - a thin-layer sheathing of the frame, inside of which there is insulation. And so that the insulation and wood do not get wet from condensation and atmospheric moisture, they are protected with special films and membranes.
The subfloor in a frame house is installed in two stages.
Features of the subfloor of the first floor. First stage
At the first stage, immediately after the construction of the foundation is completed, the load-bearing structure of the floor - joists and cross members - is installed.
And here there is different variants their fastenings:
The logs are attached to the top of the frame beam of a pile foundation or the beam of a strip foundation with nails. First along two opposite walls a façade (banding) board for joists is attached to a beam or beam. And then the logs themselves are installed between them. If necessary, they are built up with an overlap, which should rest on one of the internal load-bearing walls of the strip foundation or the internal beam of the grillage (purlin).
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
Video description
The rigidity of the structure is ensured by additional spacers, the length of which must correspond to the pitch of the joists (minus their thickness). How Larry Hong does this can be seen in the video below:
The logs are attached to the top of the frame or beam, fixing them directly to the wall posts with nails and brackets. In this case, the layout of the lag completely coincides with the pitch of the racks, and this is not always “convenient”.
The logs are attached to the strapping beam, for which special slots are made.
The logs are attached to the strapping beam along inside using special brackets.
There is no clear opinion regarding the lag layout step.
A more “economical” option is 600 mm. And if we talk about the axial distance, then taking into account the thickness of the lag - 625 mm. But some experts recommend a pitch of 400 mm. And although when insulating mineral wool the mats will have to be cut, the construction of the subfloor will be much stronger.
Important! In places where heavy equipment is installed (stove, fireplace, floor-standing boiler with boiler), the layout (step) of the log is further reduced.
Video description
The principle of reducing the layout of logs in places where heavy objects are installed is used not only in frame houses. For example, the same advice can be heard in the following video, although it talks about the construction of a subfloor timber house. As you can see in practice fundamental differences no - this is the same wooden floor of the first floor:
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of reconstruction and rebuilding of houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Installation of subfloor. Second phase
The second stage of arranging the subfloor begins after the walls are in place and the roof is installed. Although frame houses are prefabricated, precipitation can “happen” at any time, and mineral wool must be laid provided that it does not get wet from rain.
There are three ways to make a floor in a frame house (more precisely, its lower part):
The base is hemmed underneath the lag. It is made from boards moisture resistant plywood or OSB. Since decorative qualities are not needed for this, you can take an unedged board, but be sure to remove the wane (bark) and treat it with an antiseptic. The entire load that will fall on this base is the weight of the mineral wool. Therefore, it is enough if the board is 20 mm thick, and plywood or OSB - 10-15 mm. The disadvantage of this method is that the base is fastened from the side of the subfloor, and this is only possible with sufficient clearance to the ground.
This is what the floor plan looks like with a bottom lining
The base is hemmed along the “cranial” block. This is the name given to a small block of cross-section (usually 50x50 mm), which is attached to the joists on both sides at the very bottom. Base boards or cut plywood sheets (OSB boards) are laid on these bars. Moreover, their attachment to the cranial block is carried out purely “symbolically”. The advantage of this method is that installation is carried out “from above”, so there is no limitation on the clearance between the ceiling and the ground. Disadvantage - the logs must be at least 200 mm high (even better - 250 mm) to compensate for the loss usable space for floor insulation. You can also note the additional purchase of the bar as a disadvantage.
Draft pie frame house floorinstall the log on top. This method is used if the base is low and there is virtually no underground floor. In fact, it is necessary to lay additional logs perpendicular to the joists of the main subfloor. In this case, the base of the subfloor is attached to the main joists, and additional joists are mounted on it - they serve to fasten the finishing flooring.
After the base is installed, a waterproofing membrane and insulation are laid between the logs (main or additional for the third method).
Ground floor subfloor pie
Correct Layer Arrangement wooden floor the first floor looks like this:
base;
diffusion waterproofing membrane;
insulation between joists;
directly the subfloor itself, as the base of the finishing floor covering.
Note. If as finishing coating When using a tongue-and-groove floorboard, it is mounted on joists on top of the vapor barrier.
Board by figcaption>
This arrangement protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor from warm air from the side of the room, and do not prevent them from weathering outside - into the underground.
For the frame floor, choose mineral wool, ecowool, regular or extruded polystyrene foam. Preference is given to mineral wool due to its non-flammability. But if you need to make the floor warmer with the same thickness of thermal insulation, then use a combination of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. 10 cm thick foam is placed on the bottom and mineral wool on top.
Second floor subfloor
Construction of a subfloor in a frame house on the second or attic floor different from the basement floor.
Here the vapor barrier is located differently and additionally there must be elastic gaskets to compensate for impact and structural noise. In addition, only mineral wool is used as an insulating layer. Moreover, this is explained not only by its non-flammability, but also by its ability to absorb airborne noise, which foam plastic does not have. That is, it acts not as thermal insulation, but as sound insulation. Therefore, its thickness will be less (although for this case it is better to choose mats of special acoustic wool).
Note. TO air noise These include any waves in the acoustic range - speech, music, a working TV or stereo system. Impact noises- this is walking on the top floor, sounds from objects falling on the floor or moving furniture. Structural noise propagates through structural elements from operating equipment (ventilation, air conditioners, water supply and heating system pumps).
fine coating(for laminate – with a backing made of foamed polyethylene);
plywood or OSB board;
rubber or cork substrate, glued on top of a chipboard (or plywood);
rubber or cork gaskets on floor beams;
mineral wool between beams;
vapor barrier;
sheathing;
ceiling trim(plasterboard, lining or panels);
Video description
A few more useful nuances on installing a subfloor in the following video:
Conclusion
The subfloor must be reliable and durable - its main elements are included in load-bearing structure frame house. In addition, it must have good heat and sound insulation properties - it is compliance with this part of the conditions that is responsible for comfort. Therefore, everything here must be done on the basis of a project, the calculation of which must be carried out taking into account regulatory requirements and climatic conditions of the region. And this is a job for professionals.
House floor and ceiling frame technology– these are the surfaces that limit and enclose its internal volume.
Their installation is done on the floors, which are a significant part of the frame of the house.
Thanks to this, the importance of overlaps can hardly be overestimated.
In addition, they close the walls on themselves, forming a monolithic spatial structure of the building.
Floors in a house made from sandwich panels provide rigidity to the ceiling and floor, and also - thermal insulation the whole house.
The structure of floors and the materials used for them depend on the location in the house and their purpose.
Now you can divide the floors into frame house into three types :
- attics,
- interfloor,
- sexual .
Floor coverings in frame house provide reliability and rigidity of the floor covering. The ceilings between the upper floor and the attic of the house using frame technology support the ceiling finishing and the thermal insulation layer.
The ceilings between floors serve as both floor and attic floors, being the floor top floor and the ceiling of the lower one.
The highest load on a structure is vertical. Thanks to this, the floor base will be calculated based on the reduction in vertical deflections.
Floor materials
Floors in frame house in many cases they are made from coniferous species wood, for example pine, larch or spruce. The base of the attic floor is the beams on the ceiling, and for the floor it is wooden blocks.
The main load on the floors in a house made of sandwich panels goes directly to them, passing them on to interior partitions, upper or lower trim and foundation.
Overlapping beams of a house using frame technology- this is processed on 2 edges round beam, wood or edge-mounted boards. You can replace thick boards with thinner ones.
It is important to firmly fix them together. A difficult option is to install boards with a box-shaped structure; it provides good rigidity and has an optimal price.
The dimensions and type of load-bearing beams are determined depending on the load, span and deflection. This value is considered a reference value, and if necessary, you can easily find it on the Internet. The entire floor system of houses made of sandwich panels is standard, and this makes it possible to secure medium loads, according to which the cross-section of the supporting floor beams is set.
Load calculation
Floor load in frame house consists of the following components - its own mass and variable loads that will arise during operation houses using frame technology.
Its own mass is 1m? floors and ceilings between floors houses using frame technology depends on the design, the heat insulator used and the sound insulation layer. Basically, this value is 220-240 kg.
There is a lot of overlap between the top floor and the attic in a house made of sandwich panels above, since a decent amount of materials are used here for insulation work.
The weight of the floors is 250-300 kg.
But the variable loads of the ceiling slabs are less and do not exceed 100 kg per 1 m2, and for floors between floors this figure is 200 kg per 1 m2.
To determine the full load on overlap it is necessary to add the variable and constant components.
Provide the span length of the overlapping beams and their profile, and use the table to find the cross-sectional area. In a similar way, the distance between attic beams, in most cases it is 0.5-1 m.
The attic floor beams are installed on the frame and fastened with metal corners, or cut directly into the beam.
For attics and floors between floors there are certain condition: beams are installed strictly above the racks in the vertical position of the frame of the walls of the house.
Sheeting and flooring
After installation work and securing the beams for the ceiling, a flooring is placed on top of them, and a sheathing underneath.
The ceilings between floors require a lining that will only support its own weight, ceiling decorative components, and the small weight of the sound-absorbing layer.
Requirements to bearing capacity quite small. Any sheet material is used as lining in a wooden house, for example, gypsum plasterboard, which significantly increases the fire resistance of the house.
The lining of the ceiling and floor slabs must support the heavy weight of the thermal insulation layer and other structural components of the slab. This is actually why it is made from milled boards.
Rewind device option
From the bottom of the ceiling beams, cranial bars are filled along the entire length from the sides.
For this purpose, planks with a cross section of 30x50 mm are used. And roll-up shields are placed on them: sheet or board material capable of supporting the weight of the insulation layer.
In this case, the entire load from the mass of the internal components of the structure falls on the roll.
The backing supports the weight of the ceiling trim.
Flooring in a house made of sandwich panels can be divided into two options: rough and running. The final version is used in the attic to equip movement through it.
Walking deck- This is a finished floor made of boards. These two types are installed by fastening boards to beams or through elastic gaskets.
The installation is the same, but the quality of installation is different.
The base floor boards are nailed with the specific gap needed to allow air movement on the other side of the floor, and the running deck boards are simply joined together.
In attic areas that are not intended to be used, the top flooring may not be installed.
Instead of the top flooring, it is better to install boards along the emergency passage route!
Pie frame ceiling Houses
Floors in a house made of sandwich panels different types have a similar structure. Soft roofing felt is placed on the hem or hem roofing material or polyethylene film. The surface is covered with insulation material.
Use bulk heat insulators, for example, expanded clay sand, furnace slag, perlite sand, etc. Also lay rolled heat insulators, for example, foamed polymer and fiberglass wool.
It is necessary to pay attention that only floor and ceiling panels are insulated. frame ceiling at home, and internal floors soundproofed with sound wool.
Floor insulation houses using frame technology can be calculated using tables, depending on the type of heat insulator and average temperature environment.
After you have filled in the insulation, pour over the attic overlap cement-sand mortar. This measure will slow down the destruction of the thermal insulation layer and increase its service life.
Conditions for using floors
To equip the functioning of house floors using frame technology, it is necessary to create them profitable terms to maintain strength indicators throughout the entire service life. One of the determining factors influencing negative impact on wooden structures, dampness and moisture are considered.
Floors in frame house in many cases it interferes with free air circulation. When temperature changes occur, condensation will appear on the wooden elements of the ceiling.
In the absence of air circulation, the tree remains damp and wet for a long time, which has dangerous consequences, plus the formation of mold.
First of all, the wood will quickly absorb moisture and swell, changing its original size. And this will increase the stress in the structure.
In the future, this can lead to a loss of strength in the connections of parts and floor components, which will make their use impossible.
Second, humidity is a wonderful environment for mold and mildew to grow. Dampness can destroy wood frame ceiling home in a couple of years.
The problem of moisture and dampness usually concerns floor coverings, and to a small extent ceiling coverings. For floors between rooms, humidity is not a problem.
Floors in the bathroom, kitchen and toilet need to be replenished with a layer of waterproofing. And it’s better to abandon the bottom binder. Since this will improve air exchange and make it possible to control the condition of parts and components of the ceiling.
Install in a sandwich panel house overlap not hard. The main thing is to do everything correctly, without violating technical standards. And then you won’t need to remember about them while you live in your own home.
Stage 17. Interfloor ceiling in a frame house
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Classmates
To build your house strong and reliable, you need to do quite a lot of work, including designing the top frame.
This simple design has a number of its own features and nuances in its design and installation process. Before proceeding with installation, it is worth understanding the essence of all processes.
and the top frame of the frame house give it strength and reliability. There are differences in design, but as for the top frame, it serves to create the integrity of the frame building. In addition to the fact that the upper type of piping combines internal and external, it transfers the load and distributes it evenly in the direction from the top of the building to the bottom.
Important: the construction of the upper wall trim is necessary in a frame house, regardless of what the attic space will be like or whether there will be one at all.
Types of floors
As for the types of floors, they are divided depending on how the attic is planned to be constructed.
Namely, such a room will be intended for storing things, will it be residential or non-residential:
- Under a residential attic (heated). Such an overlap is installed in the case of residential attic space or attic, as well as with a full second floor. The design of such a ceiling does not require the use of special layers of hydro insulating materials, but a vapor barrier is required.
- Under an unheated attic. This frame floor is arranged in the case of non-residential under-roof space. This type is characterized by the presence of a large number of insulating materials, their specific location and a reinforced layer of thermal insulation.
Important: the ceiling of the second floor in a frame house must have enhanced strength and the ability to withstand high levels of loads.
Device
"Pie"
If you look at the layer-by-layer structure of the ceiling of a frame house, you can see a kind of “pie”. And also don't forget that interfloor covering in a frame house it is the ceiling for one room and the floor for another. This moment determines the availability of certain materials depending on the individual situation.
The interfloor pie in a frame house consists of the following layers in sequence from the lower floor (its ceiling) to the second floor (finished floor):
- finishing materials first floor ceiling;
- plasterboard sheets;
- layer of sheathing;
- vapor barrier material;
- waterproofing layer (only for unheated attic or in the case of a residential second floor - under wet areas, for example, in a bathroom on the second floor);
- soundproofing material of cork type (only for residential second floor);
- moisture-resistant plywood (laid in two layers);
- finishing coating.
Regardless of the size of the frame house, the ceiling of the second floor is divided into the following types:
- beam It consists of logs on which a subfloor is installed using sheets of fiberboard, chipboard or plywood. The pitch of the beams in this case is quite wide;
- beam-ribbed.
Peculiarities
If we consider the design of the ceiling depending on its type, i.e. whether the attic will be residential or not, then the features of the device for a house with a residential heated attic are as follows:
1. For floors made of joists, rubber or rubber is laid between the joists and the finished floor. cork backing to provide sound insulation. If the installation is carried out in two layers, then soundproofing material must also be laid between them.
2. All materials for future design are selected depending on the future load on the floor and individual wishes, for example, providing enhanced sound insulation.
Attic floor in a frame house in the case of an unheated second floor, it is arranged like this:
1. Waterproofing is laid from above. It will protect the room from moisture coming from the roof. This is prerequisite design equipment that cannot be neglected.
3. The beams in the structure are pre-impregnated with special preparations that protect the wood from rotting processes, the formation of fungal microorganisms, etc.
Safety measures during work
Any construction process involves an increased risk of injury.
In addition to the fact that all manipulations are performed manually, which is very unsafe, the construction of the harness involves working at height.
In order to protect yourself as much as possible from injury, you should adhere to the following rules::
- Maintain maximum orderliness of things and tools during the construction process.
- If work takes place at a height exceeding 1.2 m, then scaffolding must be used.
- Frame elements, beams, boards or joists are stacked at a safe distance, and the height of the stacked elements should not exceed 1.5.
- The stack of structural elements must be secured with some kind of tie to prevent unexpected spillage.
- Electrical devices used in the construction process must be grounded.
- Cables to electrical devices must be protected from any kind of mechanical impact.
- When carrying out manipulations to secure elements and use electrical equipment, it is necessary to be on a strong support; additional safety measures are safety cables and mounting belts.
Installation of the top trim
The strapping of the second floor of a frame house begins after it has been leveled using a special level.
- You will need boards 50 mm thick, which are laid on top of the frame walls.
- The installation is carried out overlapping with the adjacent wall and secured with nails. Fastening is carried out in a checkerboard pattern, with a minimum number of nails equal to 5 pcs.
- Next, the fastening process is carried out internal partitions To external walls. This manipulation can be carried out in three ways:
- you can use jumpers that are constructed and fastened between the frame posts. Partitions are then attached to such jumpers. In this case, the top board is laid with an overlap, due to which the connection between the wall and the partition is obtained;
- for the second option, additional racks are installed on the main frame wall. If a partition is attached to an existing rack, build another one and attach the partition to them. Further, the process of constructing the harness is similar;
- for the third option you will need timber, which requires a little high costs than in previous versions. Instead of a rack, a beam is installed to which the partition is attached. Further, the process of arranging the strapping is identical.
Floor construction
After the top trim of the Scandinavian frame wall ready, they begin to construct the ceiling between the floors.
There are some differences in this process depending on the planned second floor space.
For an unheated upper floor type the process is as follows:
- Initially, a rough ceiling is constructed. Start the process from the bottom for further convenience of the equipment with insulation.
- Boards with a thickness of 3 cm are attached to the beams, which are located transversely.
- After this, the boards are covered with vapor barrier film material. This is done with an overlap of 10 cm.
- After this, the slabs are laid out and mineral wool is rolled out. The thickness of such a layer should be at least 10 cm, and the width should be maintained at the same distance between the beams.
- After this, a layer of waterproofing material is laid on top.
- The final stage is the installation of the floor of the upper floor and the ceiling of the first floor.
If the second floor of the house is heated, residential type, then the process is similar to that described, except for the following features:
- Instead of waterproofing, a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulated beams. The insulation will eventually be located between two layers of vapor barrier.
- The ceiling is equipped with soundproofing materials.
- Finishing the floor of the second floor is carried out depending on individual preferences.
Important: when attaching boards to beams, it is best to drive nails at an angle of 45 degrees; this method will protect against the appearance of cracks after the wood dries out.
It is very important not to forget to leave an opening for passage to the second floor. To do this, cut out two beams with a cross-section equal to the floor joists and cut them between them. This process is carried out before the construction of the floor begins.
Useful video
Visually familiarize yourself with the process of constructing the upper frame and floors between floors in the video below:
conclusions
The top trim of a frame utility block or living space, as well as the process of installing the interfloor ceiling, have their own nuances and specifics, which you should know about in advance. Before starting work, you should carefully plan the entire process and decide what type of second floor will be in the house. In addition, during work it is very important to protect yourself from injuries and risks of falling from the height at which work is carried out.
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After exterior walls of a frame house assembled, raised and, most importantly, leveled, you can move on to the interfloor floors. If you have cottage, the ceiling will be called “attic” and will be the last in the structure of the house. We will also look at the characteristics of frame houses types of roofs and their design.
Frame house floors
The main task frame house floors- this is not only the creation of the floor of the second floor and the ceiling of the first, but also strengthening the structure of the house. Floor beams are selected for strength and rigidity. Strength requirements depend on the load the beams must bear. The rigidity, in turn, should be such as to minimize the possibility of cracks in the ceiling finish due to temporary loads and, more importantly, to reduce unpleasant vibration of the floor from moving loads.
Beams frame house floors are made, as a rule, from boards 38 mm thick and width (beam height) 140, 184, 235 or 286 mm. The size (height) depends on the load, span, distance between beams, species and type of wood, as well as on the permissible deformation. The spacing between beams is usually 400 mm (16 in.), although for higher loads or limited space, reduced height beams can be spaced 300 mm (12 in.) apart. If the beam board has a slight curvature in the plane, it should be installed with the curved side up. Once the decking and finished floor are installed, the curvature of the beam is usually leveled out. The figure below shows the structure of a beam floor.
If you need to make an opening in the ceiling for a staircase or fireplace chimney.
Preparation for the floors is done by sheathing panels made of plywood, OSB plywood, and sheathing with boards no more than 184 mm wide in quarter or tongue and groove. Plywood panels are installed so that the surface fibers are directed perpendicular to the floor beams. If the plywood preparation is made together with a floor underlay, then the side edges of the panels should be supported by blocking with 38 x 38 mm (2 x 2 in) blocks between the floor beams. There is no need to support if the edges of the panels are joined into a tongue and groove.
Roof of a frame house
The simplest roof of a frame house for construction directly on the site is a pediment gable roof(option A). All rafters are cut to the same length with the same details, and installation is not difficult. When installing an attic living space, it is important to pay attention to insulation and proper installation of air insulation and vapor barrier. This key points frame structure pie.
What is the roof frame made of?
Technology for constructing the roof of a frame house
Installation of a ridge beam frame house roofs begins with attaching two vertical support posts to the top frame of the frame house. The racks are assembled from boards and installed strictly level in order to secure the intermediate racks (ridge supports). In the upper floor, the beams on which they rest must be specially reinforced. The ridge beam is also assembled from boards to enhance its longitudinal strength. The boards are fastened together with metal plates.
The rafter legs are mounted on the ridge and on the edges of the top trim metal corners. In order to reduce the unsupported span of the rafters, intermediate supporting walls are made from them.
All rafters are cut strictly according to the template with the most accurate cutting angle at the junction with the ridge beam and the edges bottom trim. All uneven rafters are laid with the unevenness facing up. For roof overhangs, boards are used just above the rafters in order to make lathing along the rafters and ultimately obtain a flat surface on which sheets of OSB plywood (12.5 mm thick) are laid in a checkerboard pattern. Roofing material can be mounted on the resulting structure.
Wooden buildings today occupy a fairly large niche in the field of private housing construction. Due to the fact that wood is a traditionally available building material in our country, the cost of such buildings is low. Technologically, wood is a very convenient and practical material. New technologies have made it possible to create ready-made structural elements, frame panels, from which you can assemble a full-fledged residential building in a matter of days. Frame houses have become a kind of know-how in the field of private housing construction, giving people the opportunity to build accessible, comfortable and inexpensive housing.
All materials, except the foundation, in such a building are made of wood or wood-based. The house structures, ready for subsequent assembly directly on site, ensure quick installation and assembly of the residential building. Having a good and durable frame, you can practice interior decoration, using all materials and components available today. Of particular interest is the aspect related to the equipment of the ceiling part in a prefabricated house. What should the ceiling be like inside a frame house due to the lack of massive and durable floors in the structure? This and many other aspects are put forward certain requirements to the ceiling structure.
Let's consider options for solving the problem that can be used in the case of frame houses.
What is a ceiling in a frame house?
The ceiling for any home, building and structure is one of the most basic structures. Frame houses in this case are no exception. As usual wooden house, the presence of a frame does not relieve the owners of the building from the need to make a beautiful, durable and reliable ceiling. First of all, a well-made ceiling design ensures good heat conservation inside the house. Secondly and thirdly, the ceiling performs an aesthetic function, creating the necessary comfort and coziness inside living spaces.
On a note: the absence of a properly constructed ceiling in a frame house will negate all measures taken to heat a residential property. The ceiling creates a reliable barrier between the attic unheated space and interior spaces. For residential buildings With flat roof, the ceiling is key element, providing additional rigidity of the entire structure and the necessary thermal insulation.
In most cases, block house projects have attic floors. It is often possible to use attics, the floors of which also play the role of elements of a single thermal insulation circuit. Attic floors are the main element of one-story frame houses, while attic options- the prerogative of cottages and country houses. Usually the attic is a living space, but in some cases it is used for domestic purposes or for recreation. In both cases, to give the frame building the appearance of a full-fledged residential building, the installation of ceilings will be required.
In buildings such as frame houses, beam-type floors are used. To make a ceiling in such a building, you need to take into account a number of technological nuances. Frame assembly involves the use of floor beams of a certain section, as well as with the necessary laying step.
For one-story buildings with an attic floor optimal cross section beams are 50x100 mm. Frame houses with two tiers can be equipped with more massive beam structures.
On a note: the construction of frame houses made of timber in several levels is allowed only if there are lower floors made of stone. The higher the building, the greater the load on load-bearing walls and partitions. Accordingly, the cross-section of the interfloor floor beams increases.
Existing standards for buildings frame type limit the installation options for ceiling structures when it comes to a one-story building. As a rule, the following types of ceilings are used in frame houses:
- false ceilings, under panels or for painting;
- dropped ceilings;
- tensile structures.
Due to the fact that in frame houses the rooms usually do not have a height of more than 240-260 cm, during the finishing process they try to focus on false ceilings. This allows you to save the internal volume of living space. If the house design does not have significant height restrictions, you can use suspended structures.
Technological subtleties and nuances for the ceiling in a frame house
For residential premises in a frame house, ceiling installation differs in a number of aspects. The insulation of the ceiling part was mentioned earlier. The attic floor is the basis, representing a board panel. The rough foundation provides the necessary strength to the structure, and is done first. Due to the layer cake, the necessary insulation of the floor is achieved. Only then the entire space between the beams is filled from the inside with mineral wool or polystyrene foam to insulate the entire structure. The ceiling in a frame house already plays an aesthetic role, masking layered cake from the inside and hiding the entire main structure.
At this stage, a wide field for imagination and maneuver opens up. When working with ceilings in frame buildings, you can use the most convenient and common materials. The reason is this.
Unlike a wooden structure, where shrinkage in the first year is 8-10%, frame construction deprived similar lack. The whole reason is that only dried and treated wood is used to make the assembly panels. This feature is very convenient for use as finishing of light and durable finishing materials. Having covered the insulation layer with film as a vapor barrier, you can freely begin installing sheets of drywall and other materials on the floor beams. If desired, electrical wiring and lighting equipment can be hidden in the existing inter-beam space.
In addition to drywall, for finishing ceiling structure usually used:
- tongue and groove boards, the thickness of which does not exceed 3 cm;
- lining;
- MDF boards;
- plastic panels.
In the video you can get acquainted in detail with the process that represents the equipment and installation of the ceiling in frame houses.
Assessing the information seen, a conclusion arises. Making a ceiling in a house with your own hands is a task that is quite possible.
What materials for ceilings in frame buildings should be emphasized
Taking into account the specifics of frame houses and installation technology, we can say that the installation of the ceiling part directly involves the work of equipping the wooden floor. Usually, similar designs do not require the use of special lifting mechanisms. A trained team of installers is capable of assembling a turnkey frame house, including installation of flooring and ceilings.
Wooden beams are used to make the ceiling. The required dimensions of beams, span width and permissible distance between beams are given in the table. Data is given in meters
| Span width in meters | Distance between beams in meters | Beam cross-section in mm. |
| 2 | 1 | 120x60 |
| 2 | 0,6 | 100x70 |
| 3 | 1 | 160x110 |
| 3 | 0,6 | 140x90 |
| 4 | 1 | 200x120 |
| 4 | 0,6 | 160x120 |
| 5 | 1 | 220x160 |
| 5 | 0,6 | 180x140 |
| 6 | 1 | 250x180 |
| 6 | 0,6 | 220x140 |
We use edged tongue-and-groove boards made of coniferous trees, the thickness of which reaches 30 mm. The racks are made of timber, the cross-section of which is 100x80 mm. For installation, fastening equipment is used - construction staples and nails, the length of which is slightly greater than the thickness of the ceiling board. All installation must be carefully thought out and done strictly in accordance with the project. Otherwise, there is a risk of the wooden floor collapsing when working on the ceiling.
To decorate the ceiling part, you can use modern Construction Materials. The technology for covering the ceiling in a frame house is accessible and not complicated. The most common options for finishing the ceiling structure are: frame construction:
- stretch ceiling can be made of fabric or film material;
- drywall, which allows you to quickly level the rough base and create multi-level structures;
- lining, MDF boards, with the help of which coffered ceilings are made;
- plastic ceiling panels used for bathrooms and utility rooms, technical premises;
- fiberboard slabs.
The last option is the cheapest and most accessible, just like working with drywall. Economic factor in this regard is one of the most basic. Modern projects frame country houses and country houses designed for quick assembly of the structure and its readiness for subsequent use. The cost of such a building is not commensurate with the costs that may arise when installing ceilings made of expensive wood.
Conclusion
Studying information about the types of ceilings for frame buildings and finishing methods, the following conclusions arise. The house must be designed in one specific style and the ceilings in this regard are the place where the project idea is realized. Complex design V in this case does not make sense, since in most cases frame houses have non-residential attic space. The absence of a large load on the ceiling allows you to install ceilings from the most affordable and convenient finishing materials.
In order to make your home as safe and environmentally friendly as possible, it is better to focus on drywall. This material is not flammable and in addition to everything, plasterboard ceilings can be painted in any color, following a certain interior style.