You will need
- Wooden beam, anchor bolts, reinforcement, concrete mixer, cement, gravel, sand. Skills in handling lumber and concrete.
Instructions
Prepare the area. Contact BTI for correct placement buildings in relation to neighboring buildings. Mark the future corners of the house. After this, clear the area where the house will be located, as well as at a distance of at least one meter from it, of turf and other debris. Fill the area with soil and level it, making a sand cushion. Carry out the preparatory stage of construction carefully; the durability of the house and foundation depends on this.
Start building the foundation with fabrications that need to be installed around the perimeter of the main load-bearing walls. Dig holes with a diameter of 25-35 cm to the freezing depth to protect the foundation from deformation during operation. Use drilling equipment for this. Make a sand cushion at the bottom of the pit and compact it. Lay waterproofing made of roofing felt or similar material along the walls, bringing it 0.5 m to the surface. Enclose the upper part of the pillars in wooden formwork, and place the reinforcement inside the pit. When the pillars have hardened, pour a strip foundation around the perimeter, after placing reinforcement in it. To do this, use wooden formwork, OSB boards, metal or plywood. When building a wooden house, the foundation must be raised above the ground to a height of 0.5 meters. The consumption of concrete when constructing a strip-and-pillar foundation is small, so use a regular concrete mixer.
Install frame walls first floor, additionally securing them with braces to prevent deformation. When using laminated veneer lumber, at this stage the walls of the building are made. The timber is connected to each other into a claw and into a bowl. Place a layer of boards along the upper perimeter of the walls, covering the joints of the walls. The result will be a second harness. Install the walls and interfloor covering attic room. Perform the same operations as when installing the first floor.
Install the roof ridge on the gables of the attic, as well as support beams along the entire length of the house. Mount on them rafter system. Prepare the roof depending on the roofing material used - metal or soft tiles bitumen shingles. The material should not be heavy.
Cover the walls with OSB boards, install the main communication networks (heating, water supply, electricity, chimney, ventilation, sewerage), and test them. Cover the floors and roof with a vapor barrier. Insulate the room and decorate it. Make final repairs, install floors, radiators and heating equipment.
A wooden house is an environmentally friendly and cozy home. Is it possible to do wooden house with your own hands? It all depends on skills, financial capabilities, free time and desire. It cannot be said that everyone will be able to build a wooden house themselves, but housing construction is not design spaceship. So where to start?
Design
And we should start with a housing project. Without making a detailed drawing of a wooden house with all dimensions, a communication diagram, and without estimating an estimate, it is unlikely that it will be possible to build a house.
You can take drawings of ready-made housing that has been tested in operation, which is less expensive and troublesome. There will also be ready-made example built wooden house.
Or you can hire a designer-architect, pay him a lot of money and get an individual, unique project.
Material selection
For construction wooden houses exists big choice materials - logs, beams, panels made of coniferous and hardwood wood The log can be debarked, that is, practically unprocessed; only branches are cut from tree trunks.
There is also a glued log, when boards glued together in several layers are then rounded. In the photo, wooden houses made of rounded logs look more neat.
The timber can be glued from several boards or solid. Four-edge beam implies a rectangular or square section. The profiled timber has ready-made locks in it, which greatly simplifies construction.
Panels are the easiest option for building a wooden house. Their structure resembles a sandwich - between two sheets of plywood or OSB there is insulation, for example, basalt, mineral wool. Have standard size, light weight, very easy to assemble. For panel house you can get by pile foundation, and do not use tape.
Foundation
Wooden house - easy construction and does not require any particularly powerful foundation. However, it is not recommended to build wooden houses over two floors, and it is better to make the second floor an attic. So, the first stage of building a wooden house is building a foundation.
For sandy soils, a shallow strip foundation is suitable, while for marshy soils it is better to use piles.
When pouring a strip foundation, a trench 50-80 cm deep is dug, the bottom of which is sprinkled with crushed stone. Concrete is poured in one go, having previously assembled the reinforcing frame of the foundation.
The foundation is poured to a level of 20-30 cm above the soil level. The formwork is removed 2-3 days after pouring the concrete, after which it needs to stand for 2-3 weeks.
Walls and floors
The piping crown in the house is subject to the greatest loads, so its arrangement is approached carefully. A 50 mm thick larch board is placed under it, and two layers of waterproofing are applied to the foundation. Logs for subfloors are attached to the first crown.
To avoid deformation, the crowns are fastened together with dowels. Nagel represents wooden block, often round. For door and window openings are going wooden frames the appropriate sizes in which the spacers are installed.
Oak timber is well suited for assembling the frame of a wooden house. However, due to his high cost, you can get by with pine timber. Such a frame is sheathed on the outside with plywood or OSB. Insulation is laid between the beams, and the inside is also lined with a sheet of plywood or OSB.
The floor is laid in two stages - rough, from boards of any quality, on which the finishing one is laid. Insulation is laid between the joists of the subfloors.
It is advisable to make both walls and floors from the same material, since wood tends to dry out. It is better if it has the same degree of drying out of both floors and walls.
Roof arrangement
The most widespread gable roofs with hanging or layered, supported posts, rafters. Such roofs for wooden houses have such advantages as lightness, practicality and comparative cheapness.
A Mauerlat is not needed for wooden houses; the rafters are attached to the upper crown. It is recommended to make the roof slope at least 40-45 degrees so that snow does not accumulate on it in winter.
Quite often, an attic is installed on the second floor of wooden houses, which saves materials and makes the building lighter.
When arranging a roof, you should consult with a specialist who can correctly calculate the load on the roof and help you choose the right material, length and quantity rafter legs. The roof is sheathed with ondulin, slate, tiles - there are many and varied materials for roofing on the market.
Photo of a wooden house with your own hands
Wood is a practical and convenient building material with excellent performance characteristics. It is relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly and safe for humans. Therefore, a wooden house built with your own hands is perfect for people who are used to taking care of their health and using safe and natural products. possible without the help of professionals. It is enough to have basic construction skills, time and desire.
Preparing for the construction of a wooden house
Before you start building a house with your own hands, prepare a sufficient amount necessary materials and tools. To work you will need the following:
- concrete mixer;
- wooden beam;
- tow;
- saw (preferably gasoline);
- roofing felt;
- screwdriver;
- hammer;
- antiseptic;
- screws and nails;
- corrugated sheeting;
- drill;
- electric plane;
- scaffolding;
- wooden dowel
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Construction of a foundation for a wooden house
As a rule, timber houses are built in conditions low-rise construction. It is not recommended to build a wooden house with more than 2 floors. If you are planning to build two-storey house, That top floor It is highly recommended to make it an attic.
A wooden house can be built on a shallow foundation, because... the finished structure will be quite light. The most commonly used are shallow columnar and strip foundations. The tape structure must be reinforced.
In the case of a prefabricated base, to achieve the required strength, you should use reliable fastening. It must be secured along the entire bottom trim.
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Step-by-step instructions for constructing a frame
A wooden house can be built on a wooden or metal base. Metal frames are less popular because... they are 40-50% more expensive. However, they have less weight, which allows additional savings on foundation construction.
If finances allow, then oak should be used for the base of the frame house. However, if it is impossible to use of this material it can be replaced. Corner connections carried out using the tongue-and-groove method. Fit the beams close to each other, without gaps. The beam must have a cross-section of 15 cm².
When building a wooden house it is not recommended to use metal fastenings. Over time, the metal will begin to oxidize and cause rotting processes in the wood. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to refrain from using nails and screws. They would be perfect instead wooden dowels. They allow you to maximize the extension of a home built with your own hands.
In the process of arranging a wooden house, its thermal insulation is mandatory.
The easiest way to install insulation is in wall gaps. However, in order for the necessary spatial strength to be achieved, the foundation of the house must be braced. Otherwise, under the influence external loads your wooden house may become deformed and even collapse. According to building codes and rules, the frame must be erected using three braces. They must be made of the same material as the vertical frame racks.
The outer side of the frame is covered with wood panels. It is recommended to mount it at an angle of about 45 degrees, and not strictly horizontally. Most often, lining is used for cladding.
A 60 mm wide tongue and groove board is also suitable. Be sure to take into account the fact that during the first few years after completion of the construction of a wooden house, the material may dry out due to various atmospheric influences. So there is no need to nail the sheathing with special diligence.
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Floor Installation Guide
First of all, timber with a section of 150x150 mm is laid along the perimeter of the future walls of the house. He must be best quality. Before laying the timber, it will be necessary to lay the roofing material and apply a special antiseptic composition that will protect the wood from moisture and pests. To fasten the timber, use anchor bolts in increments of 200 cm. When setting angles, be sure to use a level. They must be set as accurately as possible. Make sure that deviations do not exceed 10 mm.
The supporting structures, floor and walls of a wooden house are made of the same material. If you break this rule, then, due to different expansion coefficients, your wooden house may very soon become askew. For the installation of a subfloor, it is allowed to use the most cheap material For example, uncut boards work well. Install logs. In the future, between them will be mounted thermal insulation material. Finished floor boards are laid on top of the thermal insulation.
After completing the arrangement of the floor of a wooden house, you can move on to one of the most important stages - the construction of walls.
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How to build walls and roof?
The walls of a wooden house can only be built on a flat and dry surface. Otherwise they will be oblique. To assemble the wall frame, use boards of the same width and length. It is best that their height is equal to the height of the rooms in your future home. If possible, make the ceilings high (not lower than 250 cm). This will ensure more intense air circulation and optimal temperature regime inside the house. However, building a house with high ceilings will require higher flow wood Do not make ceilings lower than 2.5 m. In such rooms you will feel constant pressure and discomfort.
When calculating wall sections, take into account the planned and permissible loads on the floor. The installation of beams is carried out in increments of 30, 40 and 60 cm. The width of the boards used is selected taking into account the quality of the selected cladding.
Siding can be used to cover the walls of a wooden house. IN in this case take a step of 20-30 cm. Take into account the plastic properties of the skin and its low resistance to loads. Siding is one of the most practical and, what is also very important, durable materials. Its installation will not cause you any difficulties. After installation, it does not need to be painted or varnished. Main disadvantage siding is of artificial origin. If chipboard, pseudo-timber and similar materials are used for cladding, increase the pitch to 40-60 cm.
As a rule, sandwich panels are used in the construction of a wooden house. They weigh and cost little. This allows you to significantly reduce the load on the foundation and reduce construction costs. And the finished wooden house will be quite light. Another big advantage of such panels is their low thermal conductivity. They make it much faster and easier to solve problems associated with the thermal insulation of a wooden house.
Finally, the construction of the roof is completed. Can be used for roofing different materials: corrugated sheeting, natural tiles, ondulin, etc. Specific solution choose according to your own preferences and available budget.
The installation of a roof begins with the installation of the ceiling. Lift the ceilings up, install them in place and secure them with special nails. Make temporary flooring on the installed floors.
Next you will need to assemble and install the rafters. It is best to do them directly on the roof. This will save you from the need to lift a fairly heavy structure onto the roof of a wooden house. To connect the rafters, it is recommended to use bolts rather than nails. This option is much more reliable.
The lower part of the rafters should rest on the protruding beam. At the joints they need to be nailed, and for greater reliability, additionally tightened with staples. Install all the rafters and begin installing the sheathing. It is attached using a screwdriver and screws.
Proceed with the roofing. Lay roofing material on the finished sheathing (at least 2 layers), then secure the metal corrugated sheeting. On the modern construction market, special screws for fastening corrugated sheets are sold. There is a special rubber gasket between the threads and the head of such screws. Such fasteners prevent metal corrosion.
Now you know how to do it yourself. Good luck!
Photo report on the construction of a wooden frame house and 8x10 with your own hands.
Project plan
The decision has been made, we are building a frame house according to new technology. Specific plan:
- The house is designed to accommodate no more than 4-5 people
- IN summer time The house is used daily, in winter from Friday to Sunday.
- Estimated area up to 150 square meters.
- A site was selected located 20 kilometers from the city limits.
- The heating system includes a heat pump with a special geothermal circuit element.
- The "warm floor" technology is used.
- The sewerage design is based on a septic tank with three channels, discharging compounds into a drainage pipe.
Preparing for work
All that is available is a site unprepared for construction; there is no gas, water supply and electrical energy. There are 20 tons of sand, approximately 10 tons of gravel and within 3 cubic meters boards On preparatory stage A temporary work shed is being built to store materials and work tools. The temporary structure is made of wood and covered with metal.
Construction of the foundation
An 8x10 frame house is built with the construction of a high-quality foundation. The trench is prepared using a standard dig; a grillage built on bored piles is selected as the foundation. When working on wells, first a drill using TISE technology is used, after which a special machine is used to prepare 38 holes, the depth of which is 220 centimeters. For a pile diameter of 30 centimeters, reinforcement with a diameter of about 14 millimeters is accepted.
10 centimeters fit sand mixture, operation control is carried out using lasers. After checking the level, another 10 centimeters of gravel is laid, and the linkage is carried out reinforcement cage. It was planned to choose a foundation using TISE technology, but the fertile layer under the structure is not optimal solution. The grillage made it possible to quickly build an 8 by 10 frame house, making it an excellent alternative. The columns are cleaned and coated with special concrete contact.
Making a grillage
The formwork is made from high-quality laminated plywood and OSB material– 9 mm. Next, the structure is poured with a mixer, and the material is dispersed over the surface of the formwork. The last procedure is simple, but when the formwork is squeezed out by the earth, we must strengthen the structure. Construction in progress plinth design, why bricks are imported. The bricks are sorted to eliminate defects, reducing their quantity to a minimum.
Laying the basement structure
Next, we build a frame house from the stage of laying the basement. The operation is carried out with the direct placement of bricks in three rows, while between the second and third row there is a special masonry mesh. Then we begin assembling the formwork. When installing the formwork on the beams, the planned position of the septic tank must be marked, after which an excavator is used to carry out excavation work. When we build a frame house, we take into account that the septic tank is located directly away from the house itself and closer to the road level. On the site, one section of the fence is expected to be removable, which will allow the sewer truck to quickly access the pit.
Sewerage preparation
Two are diverted from the septic tank drainage pipes. Appropriate holes are drilled into the brick, having a depth of within 3 centimeters, after which the corresponding rods are inserted into them. In the dug trench under the right and left branches of the geothermal type circuit, it is planned to install a water well, as well as a collector. Water pipes, of which there will be three, are laid in trenches.
We reuse the formwork at the stage of constructing the beams; the second span is installed 50 centimeters narrower than the first, which makes it easy to use no more than four sets of beam formwork. When to create permanent formwork, the work uses an inch board. A septic tank, a geothermal circuit, and a water well have already been added to the foundation.
A pit with a width of three meters and a similar depth is constructed as a septic tank. The depth is selected in reserve, the bottom is filled with sand, leveling is carried out, and the sewer pipes. The length of the pipe is 20 meters; in case of cleaning it, inspection pipes are inserted in the central part so that it is provided technological hole to perform cleaning. The slope of the pipe is 2.5 centimeters per meter, the entire length is 0.5 meters, the end will be above the established ground level exit.
The pipe is wrapped in geofabric, which is secured with Mylar twine. The drainage pipes are filled in the reverse order with gravel and sand. The septic tank was chosen to be a three-chamber one, although it actually consists of one, but additionally equipped with special partitions. An asbestos cement board is used for partitions, the liquid outlet is regulated check valve. The volume of the septic tank is 7 cubic meters, which is enough for 11 people.
Pouring the floor
When pouring the floor, the structure is not tied to the outgoing reinforcement beams. The floor is reinforced with fiberglass, thickness 6 cm, “shell” design. The beacons are nuts; they are screwed onto rods that are installed at a higher height. For control, a cord was pulled across the span, at the level of the nuts. After filling the floor, we strengthen it strapping beam. The structure is drilled through where the rods pass. A recess for the nut and washer is drilled in the upper part.
Installation of wall frame
We put the geothermal circuit pipes into the boiler room, fix the second end in the well well, and place the collector. Three PND-40 water pipes are installed in the bathroom. One of them supplies water, the second supplies electricity to the well, and the third will be a spare one in case of freezing.
The wall frame is laid, fastening points and problem areas are calculated. During the installation of walls, attention is paid to strengthening problematic beams, and the load on the surface of the material from the second floor structure is taken into account. It was decided to strengthen the overall structure of the frame by adding a number of beams (in areas with a distance of 1.5-2.0 meters). After installing the frame, the walls are installed, bosses are nailed at the bottom of the racks, and OSB forms the rigidity of the walls.
Construction of the second floor, roof
By the time the second floor is erected, electricity is connected to the first floor. Passage racks are installed on the beams (the base of the second floor floor) at the joints. To lift weights, a hoist placed in the structure of the house is used. The walls are covered with glass wool (approximately 2/3), and gypsum board is filled around the entire perimeter. For waterproofing, the inner surface is upholstered reinforced film, pressed with 4 mm plywood.
For blowing, a lattice is used, dividing the space into individual pillows. Beam fasteners are used as ceilings. The spans between the joists are lined with plywood; technicol, 40 cubes, is used as insulation, which is covered with a membrane on top of the ceiling. The rafters in the structure lie on racks, thanks to the presence of windows with different pitches. After the first slope, the second one is laid, using the same insulation. Onduvilla was chosen as the material for the roof; it was decided not to use any iron.
Window installation
Among two options for installing windows, one with unpacking, or installation immediately with double-glazed windows, a decision was made to choose the second. The difficulty is the high weight of the frame structure, about 50 kilograms. Option - a ramp is built to lift the structure to the second floor. Frames were made according to individual order, we did the installation ourselves.
For most city dwellers, a country house is a dream. It’s so nice to escape from the stuffy embrace of city streets and find yourself in the countryside. Fresh air, forest, river... Therefore, I suggest you watch one of the master classes on building a country house to make your dream come true.
Every construction begins with a project. The author himself drew his project, as he put it, “on his knees” and began to realize his dream. Every building requires a foundation, because... This is the basis of the entire structure and the key to strength. The author also started from the foundation. He has this - screw piles. After clearing the place for the construction of the structure, the author begins to make the foundation itself. He himself was not confident in his abilities, so he called a team of specialists.
Within a day, the team of specialists completed their task and by evening the foundation was ready.
Now we begin to make corner piles from the purchased materials. Since the author of this building doesn’t trust the bars to do this, citing the fact that as it dries it begins to curl. The thickness of the walls in the house will be 150 mm, respectively corner beams will be the same thickness. The author's board size is 150x50. Therefore, you need to fasten them together to make a beam measuring 150x150. We cut the boards to the required length, glue them with foam and fasten them with nails so that the end comes out and can be bent like a staple.
Now the author begins to do the piping along the entire foundation. Here it is necessary to set all the angles and heights very clearly, because any mistake will interfere with us throughout the course of construction.
After the piping is completed, they begin to build the frame of the walls and ceilings of the first and second floors.
The author additionally connected all connections construction corners and froths.
After erecting the walls of the first floor, the author moves on to the second floor and roof. The walls of the second floor were erected in the same way as the first. The author decided to put metal tiles on the roof.
Next, after covering the roof, the author proceeds to covering the walls. This prevents the wind from blowing into the room, preventing further work and gives the structure structural rigidity. OSB-3 9 mm thick was chosen for the cladding.
Next, the author carries out the electrical work. He pulls the wires in a corrugation. Since the author’s insulation “is not edible for rodents and they will not reach the wires.” There are no connections in the walls. Everything is only in boxes, which simplifies further operation and reduces the fire hazard. It's the same with plumbing. Next comes the time of vapor barrier.
Now comes the time for insulation. Used cellulose insulation, or as it is called - ecowool. This insulation does not cause allergies and, thanks to its fine texture, fills all small cracks and voids well.
Next is a vapor barrier on the floor and heating pipes. The author uses a fan diagram, that is, in the boiler room, two pipes come from the collector to each radiator - supply and return. And as in the case of electrics, there are no connections inside the ceilings.
