How to properly manage your time. Suhoor and Iftar (morning and evening meals)

Suhoor and Iftar times (the latter corresponds to Maghrib prayer times) for Russian cities on this year presented in the table available for download.

Fasting (uraza, ruza) is one of the pillars of Islam, therefore its observance is mandatory for Muslims.

Usually, by Muslim fasting, the average person understands abstaining from eating and drinking during daylight hours. In fact, this concept is much broader: it includes voluntary refusal not only from eating food, but also from committing any sins committed with the eyes, hands and tongue, as well as from certain actions. While in a state of holding a prayer, the believer must clearly realize that he is doing this for the sake of his Creator, and not have any other intentions.

In Islamic doctrine, depending on the time of observance and significance, there are two types of fasting: obligatory (fard) And desirable (sunnat).

The first is observed en masse by Muslims during the Holy month of Ramadan, which has incomparable benefits for people. In His Scripture, Allah advises us:

“In the month of Ramadan, the Quran was revealed - a true guide for people, clear evidence of right guidance and discernment. Whoever this month finds among you must fast.” (2:185)

A huge reward awaits those who adhere to the prayers in the blessed month of Muslims, and for leaving it, without having good reason, severe punishment will certainly follow. Proof of this is the following statement by the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.w.): “Whoever observes fasting during Ramadan with faith and hope for the reward of the Almighty will have his previous sins forgiven” (hadith cited by Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

However, the Lord did not make observance of the prayer obligatory for all people.

Who doesn't need to post:

1. People who are not Muslims

An important condition for observing the Uraza is that a person professes Islam. For others, fasting is not required. At the same time, this does not mean that for days spent without fasting during the months of Ramadan, every person, regardless of his religion, will not have to answer to the Almighty on the Day of the Great Judgment.

2. For minors

Uraza is considered mandatory for adults. It is necessary to understand that this means coming of age from an Islamic point of view, which does not occur at the age of 18, as is customary in most countries of the world, but during puberty, which occurs differently for each person.

3. Mentally incompetent

Mental capacity is listed among the conditions for obligatory fasting. In other words, a person who is not of sound mind has the right to refrain from observing this pillar of Islam.

4. To everyone who is on the go

It is not necessary for those people who are on the road, that is, travelers, to keep their spirits up. It should be noted that, according to Sharia, travelers are considered to be people who have traveled more than 83 km from home and their journey lasts no more than 15 days.

5. Physically ill people

People who suffer from any disease that requires constant use of medications, or that threatens severe ailments and pain, even threatening their life if they follow the fast, are exempt from its necessity.

6. Pregnant

Women who are carrying a child and fear for the life of their unborn child have the right not to fast during the month of Ramadan.

7. Nursing women

Women who breastfeed their babies may also not fast.

8. Women during menstruation and bleeding caused by childbirth

During the menstrual period and during postpartum bleeding, women, according to Sharia, are in a position of ritual defilement, as a result of which non-compliance with the prayer is allowed and, moreover, necessary. If pregnant and lactating women have the right to fast, then on these days it is better for women to abstain.

9. Unconscious people

Believers who are unconscious for a long time, for example, in a state of coma, for obvious reasons, are also released from the riot.

In situations where a person misses one or more days of fasting for the reasons listed above, he must make up for them later, when the reason that gives the right to non-fasting is eliminated, for example, when the traveler returns home or the person comes out of a coma. Believers who are unable to keep up the prayers throughout the year, for example due to illness, must feed one needy person for each missed day. If this is also difficult for a person in material terms, because he himself is one of those in need, then he is completely freed from this obligation.

Recommended post- this is one whose observance is desirable, but is not obligatory for Muslims. For observing such a fast, the believer is entitled to a reward, but for abandoning it there is no sin.

Days when it is advisable to keep your spirits up:

Day of Arafah- for fasting on this day, the Lord can forgive a person for the sins he has committed over 2 years. The Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) explained: “Fasting on the Day of Arafah serves as atonement for sins committed in the past and future years"(hadith from Ibn Majah and Nasai).

Day of Ashura- those who fast on the tenth day of the month of Muharram erase all sins for the previous 12 months. The Messenger of Allah (s.w.) admonished his ummah: “Fasting serves as atonement for the sins of the past year” (hadith cited by Muslim). However, Shiite theologians assure that it is undesirable to hold fast on this day, since on this date the grandson of the Final Prophet (s.g.w.), Imam Hussein, who is especially revered by Shiite Muslims, was martyred.

The first 9 days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah- this can be found mentioned in the hadith: “Fasting in the first days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah is equivalent to one year of fasting” (Ibn Majah).

Month of Muharram- Eid during this forbidden month is considered Sunnat. After all, the Prophet Muhammad himself once said: “After Ramadan, the best month for fasting is the month of Allah - Muharram” (hadith cited by Muslim).

Month of Sha'ban- one more month during which it is advisable to fast. In the lunar calendar, it comes before Ramadan. In the hadiths from Bukhari there is a mention that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) was zealous in observing the fast in the month of Sha'ban, except for some days.

6 days of the month of Shawwal- also desirable for fasting. Shawwal follows the Holy month of Ramadan. “If someone completes the fast of Ramadan and adds six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal, he will receive the same reward as if he had fasted the whole year” (hadith from Muslim).

Cheers every other day, or the fast of the Prophet Dawood (a.s.), who kept the fast every other day and which, as the Mercy of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.w.) said, “is the most beloved fast for Allah” (in accordance with the hadith from Muslim).

3 days in the middle of each month- The Prophet (s.g.w.) instructed: “If you want to fast in the middle of the month, then fast on the 13th, 14th and 15th days” (at-Tirmidhi).

Every Monday and Thursday- it was on these days that the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) regularly observed the fast. “The affairs of people are presented to Allah on Monday and Thursday,” he said. “And I want my affairs to be presented while I am fasting” (hadith reported by at-Tirmidhi).

Times of fasting in Islam

It is known that in Islam fasting is observed during daylight hours. The countdown starts from dawn. In the Holy Book of Muslims you can find the following verse:

“Eat and drink until you can distinguish a white thread at dawn from a black one, then fast until nightfall” (2:187)

The fasting person should stop eating in the morning (suhoor) before the time of Fajr prayer (usually 30 minutes).

One day, one of the ascetics asked the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.w.) about what time period should be between suhoor and azan for morning prayer, to which he replied: “As much as is necessary to read fifty verses” (hadith from Bukhari and Muslim).

The end of fasting time (iftar) comes at sunset and coincides with the time of evening prayer. IN in this case, a believer after fasting should first break his fast and then begin prayer.

At the end of Suhoor the following dua is read (niyat):

نَوَيْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ صَوْمَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ خَالِصًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى

Transcription:“Nauaitu an-assumma sauma shahri of Ramadan min al-fajri il al-Maghribi khaalisan lilLyahi tya’aala”

Translation:“I intend to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk sincerely for the sake of Allah.”

Immediately after breaking the fast - at iftar - they say dua:

اللَهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَلْت وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ اَفْطَرْتُ فَاغْفِرْلِى يَا غَفَّارُ مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَ مَأ اَخَّرْتُ

Transcription:“Allahumma lakya sumtu wa bikya amantu wa alaikya tawakkyaltu wa ‘ala rizkykya aftartu fagfirli ya gaffaru ma kaddyamtu wa ma akhhartu”

Translation:“O Allah! For Your sake I kept the fast, I believed in You and I only trust in You, I break my fast with what You sent me. Forgive me, O Forgiver of my sins, past and future!”

Actions that disrupt the mood

1. Intentional receptionm of food and smoking

If a fasting person consciously ate or drank something, or lit a cigarette, then his prayer on that day will not be accepted. But if he ate something not intentionally, for example, out of forgetfulness, then in this case the person should stop eating or drinking as soon as he remembered his fast, and he can continue to keep the fast - such a fast will be considered valid.

2. Intimacy

After sexual intercourse, the fast is broken. Similar consequences apply to kissing lips on lips, as well as ejaculation due to conscious stimulation (masturbation).

3. Instillation of medicine into the nose and ears

Uraz becomes invalid as soon as a person uses special medications, used for instillation into the nose and ear canal if they get into the larynx. At the same time, injections made into a vein or muscle, as well as eye drops, do not break the fast.

4. Swallowing liquid while gargling

When fasting, you must be careful when gargling in medicinal purposes or just for wetting - getting water inside will invalidate your fast. Swimming in a pond and taking a bath in a state of excitement is permissible, but you should be careful about the penetration of liquid through the sinuses, throat and ears.

5. Use of medical inhalers

During fasting, the use of inhalers should be avoided if possible.

6. Intentionally inducing vomiting

If the person holding the fast deliberately caused vomiting, then his fast is considered broken. If the vomiting did not occur by the will of the person, then the fast remains valid.

7. Menstruation

In a situation where a woman experiences pain during daylight hours, she should stop fasting. She will need to make up this day after her period ends.

Benefits of fasting

This pillar of Islam carries many advantages for believers who observe it.

Firstly, the eid is capable of leading a person into the Gardens of Eden, which can be confirmed in the biography of the Prophet (s.g.w.): “Truly, in Paradise there is a gate called “Ar-Rayyan”, through which people will enter on the Day of Judgment fasting people And no one will enter through this gate except them” (hadith from Bukhari and Muslim).

Secondly, fasting will serve as an intercessor for the Muslim on the Day of Judgment: “Fasting and the Quran on the Day of Judgment will intercede for the servant of Allah” (hadith from Ahmad).

Thirdly, uraza entails, as mentioned earlier.

In addition, all requests of a believer who observes fasting will be accepted by the Almighty. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) said: “A person who fasts never rejects his dua while breaking his fast” (Ibn Majah).

The holy month of Ramadan is a month of good deeds, reading the Koran, night and additional prayers, displaying high moral qualities and performing blessings. At this time, our souls are cleansed and filled with the light of faith in Allah.

Fast

One of the special features of the month of Ramadan is fasting (Uraza, Oraza, March) – الصوم, which is obligatory for every Muslim and lasts 29 or 30 days. At this time, the faithful abstain from food, drink, foul language, bad habits, from dawn (Fajr) to sunset (Maghrib). marital intimacy and devote themselves to prayers and doing good deeds. Muslims know that all deeds are judged by their intentions. That is why, before starting a fast, it is necessary to make an intention - niyat.

“I intend to fast this month of Ramadan for the sake of Allah,” they say in different languages Muslims all over the world, and then fast from the first glimmer of dawn until sunset.

In order for the fast not to be broken, it is necessary to very carefully follow all the requirements of Islam and remember that Ramadan is not just a refusal to eat and drink. This is spiritual cleansing, abstinence from bad deeds and bad thoughts - the education of one’s spirit (nafs) and complete worship of the Creator. The fasting person continues to lead his usual lifestyle: goes to work, study, fulfills his social duties, but, first of all, devotes more time to reading the Koran and dua (prayers).

It is a mistake to believe that during fasting you can rest during the day and eat at night. Of course, it is reasonable to reduce physical exercise, as much as possible. For example, not going to the gym or sports games. But, in general, fasting does not mean passivity; rather, on the contrary, a Muslim strives to do as many good deeds as possible during this holy month: help those in need, feed those fasting, visit the sick, take part in or organize charitable events. That is why Ramadan is a period when you need to do as many good deeds as possible. to leave little time for sleep.

Suhur

Suhur is the morning meal before the fast itself in the pre-dawn time. Suhoor must be performed before morning prayer (Fajr, Irte prayer). Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him) called for performing suhur: “Take food before dawn [on fasting days]! Truly, in suhoor is God’s grace (barakat)!”

Meal times are specified in the Holy Quran:

“...Eat and drink until you can distinguish the white thread of dawn from the black one, and then fast until nightfall.”

On suhoor you need to say: “Navaitu an asuma sawma fard minal-fajri ilal-maghribi khalisan lil-lyahi ta’ala.” Translation: “I intend to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset sincerely for the sake of Allah.” Required condition is the intention or niyat in the heart about the determination to keep the fast.

Iftar

Iftar is an evening meal or breaking the fast. Iftar time is evening prayer (maghrib, akhsham prayer), when the sun has set below the horizon, i.e. it begins immediately after sunset.

Dua for Iftar in Arabic:

ذَهَـبَ الظَّمَـأُ، وَابْتَلَّـتِ العُـروق، وَثَبَـتَ الأجْـرُ إِنْ شـاءَ الله .

Transcription:
3ahaba-z-zama"u, wa-btalyati-l-"uruku wa sabata-l-ajru, in sha"a-Llahu.

Translation:
The thirst has gone, and the veins have filled with moisture, and the reward is already waiting, if Allah wills.

There is also another dua: “Allaahumma lakya sumtu wa ‘alaya rizkykya aftartu wa ‘alaikya tawakkyaltu wa bikya aamant.” Ya vaasi'al-fadli-gfir liy. Al-hamdu lil-lyahil-lyazi e’aanani fa sumtu wa razakani fa aftart.”

Translation: “O Lord, I fasted for You (for the sake of Your pleasure with me) and, using Your benefits, I broke my fast. I hope in You and believe in You. Forgive me, O One whose mercy is limitless. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me fast and fed me when I broke my fast.”

What breaks the fast?

1. Food and drink in any form (or anything that can replace food, such as energy shots). Also smoking.

2. The release of blood through bloodletting.

3. Intentionally induced vomiting.

4. Sexual intercourse or intentional ejaculation. Also kissing, hugging or looking at women.

5. Leakage of blood due to menstruation or postpartum bleeding.

Cases that do not break the fast

1. Eating or drinking or smoking out of forgetfulness.
2. Involuntary ejaculation.
3. Bleeding or donating blood for testing or as a donor.
4. Rinsing the mouth, rinsing the nose, taking a bath, showering, swimming.
5. Injections for medical reasons.
6. Tasting food without swallowing (for example, when cooking).

Who may not fast?

1. Travelers. A traveler may not fast during the entire journey. A journey is considered to be a distance of 80 km (according to the Hanafi madhhab).
2. Sick.
3. Pregnant and breastfeeding.
4. If there is danger, such as the threat of death or physical complications.

Tips for proper nutrition

1. Avoid overeating or filling your stomach completely with food.

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

“The worst vessel that can be filled by the son of Adam (man) is his stomach. It is enough for a person to eat as much as necessary to maintain strength. To say more, a third (of the stomach) is for food, a third is for drinking and a third is for breathing.”

2. Correct selection food during iftar. Avoid fatty, fried and sweet food. It is advisable to start the meal with liquid food; soup, ayran and milk are ideal. Afterwards you should take a short break.

3. Include fruits, vegetables, and nuts in your diet. And also foods rich in fiber and minerals, as they are very important for the body.

4. Take more water. Exactly plain water, and not juices or other liquid products, since water is a nutrient source for cells. Do not forget that the body consists of 2/3 water, 90% blood, 75% muscle.

Mandatory actions Mandatory actions are divided into two categories: internal obligations (rukn) and external obligations (shurut) and the following things can be attributed to them:

The internal obligations of fasting (rukn) are its basis, non-compliance with which leads to breaking the fast: abstinence from food, drink and sexual intercourse from dawn to sunset.

External obligations (shurut) are divided into three types:

Conditions of obligation (shurut wujub).
Conditions for fulfilling obligations (shurut adai wujub).
Conditions for correct execution (shurut sykha).

Conditions of the obligation:

Islam. As is known, fasting is worship for the sake of Allah Almighty, which means that the fasting person is required to be a Muslim and show his submission to Allah and fast for the sake of His face. Fasting is not accepted until a person fasts for the sake of the One Almighty Allah.
Intelligence.
Coming of age. These conditions are also mandatory for fasting. In Islam, a child or a madman is not legally capable, they are not required to comply with the canons of Islam, but it should be noted that if the child fasts, then the reward will be recorded for both the child and the parents. It is advisable to teach children to fast from the age of seven, but they should be forced to fast when they reach ten years of age. The basis is the words of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “Teach your children to prayer by the age of seven and beat (force) them when they reach ten years.” Sunun Dar Qutani Making a comparison to prayer, Islamic scholars say that the same situation applies to fasting.
Knowledge of the onset of the month of Ramadan. Ignorance in Islam has significance for the forgiveness of sins and the removal of obligations.

Conditions for fulfilling the obligation:

This point differs from the previous one in that those listed above are not required to observe fasting at all, and these two categories are obliged to observe fasting in principle, but are not obliged in this provision, but have the right to observe fasting.

Be healthy to fast
Not to be on the road (that is, not to be a traveler). These two conditions for allowing breaking the fast are mentioned in the Qur'an in Surah al-Baqarah in verse 184: "And whoever of you is sick or on a journey for the number of other days."

Conditions for correct execution:

Failure to comply with these conditions leads to breaking the fast.

Intention for fasting. As the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Every deed is by intention.” Hadith cited by Al-Bukhari No. 1. It is enough to make an intention to fast in Ramadan at the beginning of the month. Even if one does not intend to do Ramadan, the fast will still be considered as if one were holding Ramadan.
A woman needs to be clean from menstrual and postpartum bleeding. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “During menstruation and postpartum bleeding, we left fasting and prayer, and only made up for fasting.” The hadith is reported by Imam Muslim No. 335;
It is necessary to refrain from actions that spoil the fast.

Desirable actions during fasting:

Taking "suhoor" (ed. - breakfast of a fasting person before dawn. As transmitted from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "Eat before dawn, truly in suhoor there is grace (barakat)." The hadith is reported by al-Bukhari;
Do not delay breaking the fast (ed. - iftar). The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “People will be in good health as long as they rush to break their fast.” Hadith reported by al-Bukhari;
Avoid actions that may later lead to breaking the fast (such as long swims in the pool, bloodletting, tasting food while cooking, gargling;
Feed those who are fasting. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever feeds a fasting person, his reward is similar to the reward of the fasting person whom he fed, and the reward of that fasting person will not be diminished.” This hadith is reported by at-Tirmidhi in the book “Targhib and Tarhib”;
Do not begin fasting in a defiled state. And in case of desecration, it is advisable to bathe before dawn;
Pronunciation of dug when breaking the fast (ed. - iftar): "Allahumma lakya sumtu wa ala rizkykya aftartu wa alaika tawakkaltu wa bikya amyantu fagfirli ma kaddamtu wa ma akhhartu";
Restrain the tongue from unnecessary words and parts of the body from unnecessary actions (such as idle talk, watching TV). Here we are talking about empty deeds; as for prohibited deeds, leaving them is obligatory, such as, for example, spreading slander, lying;
Do more good deeds. The reward for good deeds during the month of Ramadan increases up to 70 times;
Constant reading of the Quran and remembrance of Allah;
Observance of “Igtikaf” (ed. - being in the mosque), especially in the last ten days. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the last 10 days worshiped in a way that he never worshiped in ordinary times." The hadith is given in the Collection of Muslim No. 1175;
Frequent pronunciation of the word “Allahumma innakya afuwwun tuhibbul afwa fagfu anni”, which means, “O Allah, verily you are Forgiving and you love to forgive, so forgive me!”
Waiting for the night of Predestination.

Secondary actions, in the observance of which there is neither sin nor reward:

Kisses if the person controls himself. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) kissed his wife while fasting. The hadith is cited by al-Bukhari and Muslim;
Application of antimony and incense;
Brushing teeth, using miswak. “As reported from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he constantly used miswak during fasting.” This hadith is reported by at-Tirmidhi;
Rinse mouth and nose;
A short swim. "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) bathed from defilement while fasting." This hadith is reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim;
Involuntary entry of snow or dust into the mouth;
Unintentional vomiting;
Smell the smells.

Provisions that are reasons for allowing a person to break his fast:

Disease. If fasting is the reason for stopping treatment or intensifying the disease;
A path whose distance is more than 89 kilometers. A person becomes a traveler from the moment he leaves settlement in which he lived. If a person began to fast and if he had to go on a journey during the day, then he is strictly forbidden to break the fast on that day. A traveler is allowed to fast during the journey if he is confident in himself and it does not cause him any inconvenience. This is indicated by the verse of the Koran: “And whoever of you is sick or is on a journey for that number of other days.” Surah al-Baqarah 184 verses;
Pregnancy and breastfeeding if there is a threat to the baby's health. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Truly, Allah Almighty has removed the obligation of fasting for the traveler and shortened the prayer, and He has also removed the obligation of fasting from pregnant and lactating women.” Narrated by Imam Ahmad, "Ashab Sunnan" book Nailul-Avtar;
Frailty due to old age, incurable disease, disability. All scientists are unanimous in this law. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said regarding the words of Allah, “And for those who are able to do this, there is a ransom of feeding the poor.” Surah al-Baqarah 184 verse: “These verses concern old infirm people who cannot fast. for breaking the fast, they must feed one poor person for each missed day." This hadith is reported by al-Bukhari;
Coercion that does not depend on the person himself.

Undesirable actions during fasting:

Taste food;
Chewing something;
Kisses if a person cannot control himself;
Performing actions that lead to weakness of the body and can cause a violation of fasting, such as donating blood during fasting;
“United fast” is fasting for two days or more consecutively without breaking the fast in between. Messenger. Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fasted for several days in a row and did not break his fast. His companions also fasted and the messenger. Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade them. Then the messenger. Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I am not like you, truly Allah feeds me and gives me water.” Hadith cited by Bukhari and Muslim Nailul Avtar;
Gargling;
Wasting time on empty talk.

Prohibited actions are actions that violate fasting; they are divided into two types:

Actions that violate fasting and require replenishment and compensation (60 days of continuous fasting for one broken day in the month of Ramadan).

There are two such violations:

Intentional eating during fasting. If a fasting person takes food out of forgetfulness, then his fast is not broken. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever eats or drinks during fasting out of forgetfulness, then let him not break his fast - truly Allah has fed and given him something to drink.” The hadith is reported by al-Bukhari No. 1831 and Muslim No. 1155;
Intentional sexual intercourse during fasting. When one Bedouin had sexual intercourse with his wife, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered him to free the slave, and if not, then fast for 60 days continuously, and if he cannot, then feed 60 poor people. Hadith reported by Al Jamaga, Nailul Avtar

Actions that violate fasting and require only replenishment (1 day of fasting for 1 broken day in the month of Ramadan). There are more than 75 (seventy-five) such violations, but they can be arranged in three rules:

Swallowing something that is not food or medicine, such as a button;
Taking food or medicine according to the above provisions, allowing breaking the fast, for example, in case of illness. Mistakenly swallowing water during ablution, making a mistake in breaking the fast (eating food, thinking that the sun has set, but it has not), deliberate vomiting;
Incomplete sexual intercourse (when two genital organs do not touch each other), such as the release of sperm when touching the wife.

Allah, with all His attributes, is incomprehensible to man, neither speculatively nor visibly. Therefore no one except Great And Wise Allah One who wishes goodness, health, and prosperity to everyone cannot know the true value of His commandments. One of the most important and useful commandments in Islam is Fast , observed by Muslims in the ninth month of the Lunar Year. Fast- a special kind of religious ceremony prescribed by Allah in the Koran: " O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who came before you, perhaps you will fear God!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 183). The Almighty, addressing believers all over the world, informs them that He ordered them to observe the Fast, just as he commanded. Its observance to other peoples who lived before us from time First Prophet Adam(may Allah greet him). Historical facts confirm that early Jews and Christians who observed Lent ate once a day, then changed the ritual and began to fast from midnight to noon. It is known that Moses(may Allah bless him) fasted for forty days. The most ancient Lent among Christians is considered to be the Great Lent before Easter: after all, Moses And Jesus Christ(may Allah welcome them) and their apostles observed It. Time passed, and the truly prescribed Fast, like religion itself, lost its effectiveness; church ministers voluntarily preferred other, easier types of fasting, such as abstaining from meat, fish, milk, etc. Fasting in Islam calls on a person to sincerely and diligently protect himself from everything that does not comply with Sharia. He calls on believers to be God-fearing, cleanses their souls and hearts from cruelty, accustoms them to kindness, discipline, patience and obedience to Allah. Fasting equalizes all Muslims, instills in their souls a feeling of universal unity and brotherhood. He who fasts for the sake of the Almighty is imbued with sincere compassion for his poor, starving brothers in the Faith. From a medical point of view, Fasting gives rest to the digestive system, helps remove various toxins from the body, cures many diseases, helps people give up bad habits, develops willpower, patience, brings peace, satisfaction, joy to the soul of the fasting person, etc. ProphetFast, heal"(Reported by Ibn Sanna and Abu Naim). The best reward for a fasting person is remission of sins. And can we neglect it or refuse it (the reward) if it comes from Merciful Allah? After all, he said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Ramadan has mercy at the beginning, remission of sins in the middle, and deliverance from fire at the end.". Believers fasting for food Allah, receive in return rewards and mercy in Day of Judgment . Prophet Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " He who fasts the month of Ramadan with faith and satisfaction will receive remission of his sin". (Text agreed upon). In the Holy Hadith, said Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Allah speaks: " ... but Fasting is observed for the sake of Me, And I I reward for Him ". Allah gave man a body so that it could clearly show, through examples, what was in his heart and soul. The believer reveals the fear of God in his heart by his physical obedience, that is, by fulfilling the commandments entrusted to him. One of wonderful examples showing humility and obedience Allah is the observance of Lent. After all, Fasting, unlike other foundations, is hidden from human eyes. No one can see him except All-Knowing Allah. The Fast hidden within us represents victory over the enemy. Allah, for the means of Satan’s influence on man are passions and desires. The purpose of Fasting is a religious practice that includes spiritual exercises that bring a person closer to Allah. Every Muslim must protect himself from actions that violate the Fast, since they (actions, violations) are a clear act against the will Allah, neglect Islam and shamelessness in front of people. Prophet said: " If one of you is fasting, he should not use foul language or shout. When a fasting person is scolded or tried to attack, he must say: " I am fasting! I'm fasting! ". (Text agreed upon). On the Night of Power (Lailat al-Qadr) in the month of Ramadan, before the Firmament, to a place called "Bayt al-Pizzat", a totality was sent down Koran. Almighty said: " Truly, We sent Him down on the Night of Power"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 1). Then He descended on our Planet in parts over a period of twenty-three years, depending on the situations and events that arose on It. The obligation of Fasting in this month of the revelation of the Koran was declared by Allah on the second Monday of the eighth month of Sha'aban, in the second year after the migration of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) from Mecca to Medina. Almighty said: " the month of Ramadan, in which it was revealed Koran as a guide for people and as an explanation of the Straight Path and entertainment (good and evil), - and whoever of you finds this Month, let him spend It in Fasting..."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 185). Fast in the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam: Fasting during this month is obligatory for every Muslim man and woman. Those Muslims who consciously deny the obligation to fast during the month of Ramadan, regardless of whether they fast or not, are considered apostates. Muslims who do not deny the obligation of Fasting, but do not fast without good reason, are considered wicked and earn great sin and wrath Great Allah, Abu Hurayra reported that Prophet Muhammad And anyone who breaks the Fast on at least one day of Ramadan without a valid reason permitted by Allah will not be able to compensate for it, even if he then fasts for a whole century.". The authenticity of the onset of the month of Ramadan is confirmed in two cases: The first is the vision of the young month of the new moon on the thirtieth night of the month of Sha'aban by at least one full-fledged, fair witness. The second is the completion of Sha'aban until thirty days - and this is in the event that it is not possible to see the new month of Ramadan due to any reasons. Evidence of what has been said are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Fast when you see it (new month of Ramadan) and stop when you see it (new month of Ramadan); and if it is hidden from you (due to bad weather), complete Sha'aban for up to thirty days". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The time of appearance of the new month may be different in different countries, since the Earth has round shape. Each country may see a new moon at its own time, depending on its location. On this occasion, Muslim reported the words of Qutayb. Qutayb said: " The Fast of Ramadan began for me while I was in Damascus; I saw the new moon on Friday night, then I moved to Medina at the end of the month. Ibn Abbas asked me: “When did you see the new moon?” I replied: “We saw it on Friday night.” Ibn Abbas said: "Have you seen him?" I replied: “Yes, and the people saw him and fasted, and Muawiyah fasted with them.” Ibn Abbas said: “We all saw him on Saturday night. And we continue to fast until the end of the thirty days or until we see him.” I said: “Isn’t the testimony of Muawiyah and his Fast enough?” Ibn Abbas replied: “No, our Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered us to do so.”". Believers should not begin Lent at the same time, except for countries close to each other, or countries located at the same longitude. What to do if the young crescent is hidden from us on the night from 29 to 30 Sha'aban because for any reason? The most correct solution as I said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is to extend the month of Sha'aban to thirty days: ... and if it is hidden from you, complete Sha" aban up to thirty days"In case of unclear weather and some complications arising due to objective reasons, astronomical calculations are taken into account in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan. It is known that the wise Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised people depending on their level of literacy. Talking to ordinary people. He advised counting the thirty days of Sha'aban if it is difficult to see the new month. And speaking with literate people, He advised them to calculate the onset of Ramadan by the phases of the moon. Ibn Omar said: " I heard that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Fast when you see it (the new month of Ramadan) and break the Fast when you see it (the new month of Shawwal), but if you cannot see it, calculate it"Modern astronomers can calculate all the figures associated with lunar year and the orbit of the Moon, the exact time of its disappearance and appearance. Therefore, a person who has not seen the new month due to some reason can determine the beginning and end of Lent by contacting persons competent in this area. To reliably confirm the appearance of the new month of Ramadan, the testimony of one person is enough. The one reporting the appearance of the new moon, naturally, must be a true Muslim, whose testimony is undoubtedly accepted by everyone. To determine the day of fasting in the month of Ramadan, the testimony of one witness is sufficient, and to stop it, the testimony of at least two prudent, sensible witnesses who saw the new month of Shawwal is required.

1. Entry into Islam : Fasting is not obligatory for apostates and blasphemers as long as they ignore Islam. Their Post makes no sense and is not accepted by Allah until they believe in Him. The above does not mean at all that they remain unpunished. Allah severely punishes them for apostasy and failure to fulfill the foundations and commandments of Islam.

2. Coming of age : Age of majority different nations may vary depending on climatic conditions, etc. Coming of age in Islam means the appearance of two signs in a person:

A) in men - the first emission,

b) in women - the first discharge.

The absence of these signs removes responsibility for failure to fulfill the obligatory Fast. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " The recording of three is interrupted: the sleeping one - until he wakes up, the teenager - until he reaches puberty, and the insane - until he becomes rational". (Narrated by Abu Dawud).

3. Wholesomeness and soundness of mind : Fasting is obligatory for those people who are of sound mind and aware of the actions they are committing. Those who suffer from insanity, lack of intelligence, schizophrenia (during the period of exacerbation), and those who are unable to control their actions are not to blame for failure to observe the Fast.

4. Having health and strength to observe the Fast : One of the mandatory requirements for Fasting is the presence of health and strength to observe it. Patients suffering from a serious illness, as well as elderly, infirm people from whom Fasting takes away health and strength, are not forced to Fast if they have been given permission by a truthful doctor. Almighty said: " Doesn't impose Allah for the soul nothing but what is possible for her"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 286).

1. Intent : This is the inner desire to observe the obligatory Fast of Ramadan. The source of intention is the heart. Saying your intention with your tongue is not mandatory, but is considered a very desirable act. Words are evidence of the obligatory intention Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Indeed, actions depend on their intentions". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). If the intention is made to observe obligatory Fasting, then the following conditions must be taken into account:

A) Anyone who wishes to observe the Fast must have the intention at night for the coming day, before the first dawn. If it so happens that at night the desire to observe the obligatory Fast was absent due to any reasons, then the Fast in this case is not counted. Evidence of this are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "" Anyone who did not indicate the Fast before the first dawn - his Fast is not valid" (Reported by Addara-Kutni);

b) Those who wish to observe Fasting must emphasize its category. For example: I'm here for Allah I intend to observe the obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan this year tomorrow on the day of Ramadan. If there is a desire for Fasting without specifying the year, month, day, then the intention in this case becomes invalid.

V) Those who wish to observe the Fast must make an intention on each night of the month of Ramadan, since each of the days of Ramadan is a separate service Allah and requires a separate effort. The intention of a desirable Fast, unlike a mandatory one, can be observed freely, without prior explanations or conditions. For example: " I intend to fast tomorrow for Allah ". In some cases, the intention in the desired Fast is allowed even after the first dawn in the morning, if before it no actions were committed that violate the Fast. Evidence of this is the story Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) once said: " Do you have food?" She said, "No." He said, "Then I will fast.". (Reported by Addara-Kutni).

2. Abstinence from actions that break the Fast from the beginning of the first dawn until full sunset. A person who strives to observe Lent for the sake of Allah, must necessarily refrain from all actions and deeds that contribute to His (Fast) interruption. If there is no abstinence from actions that interrupt the Fast due to any reasons, then It (the Fast) becomes invalid. The period of abstinence from actions that violate the Fast is considered to be the time from the first dawn to full sunset. Almighty said: " Eat and drink until you can see the white thread (the gray thread of the morning dawn) and the black thread (the blackness of the night) at dawn, then fast until the evening (until sunset)"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). In this verse, the thread refers to the barely noticeable light of the first dawn and the darkness of the night. Those who fast are allowed in the evening after complete sunset everything that was prohibited after the barely noticeable, gray thread of the first dawn.

3. Cognition the beginning and end of the day. One of the most basic requirements for observing the Fast is knowledge of the beginning and end of the day for those who began to observe the obligatory Fast after a barely noticeable morning dawn or interrupted the Fast before full sunset - their Fast is considered invalid. In territories where the length of night or day lasts up to twenty-three hours a day or where day or night continues continuously for several months, as well as in countries where there is no dawn and sunset, distinguished by distinctive features from each other, the beginning of Lent should be observed like the Fast of neighboring countries where day differs from night

1. They break the Fast all the time , which consciously enters the insides (the emptiness of a person) through the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and private organs. For example: food, any liquids, water, smoking, intestinal lavage, sexual intercourse, any injections in the stomach, lungs, head, injections with a nutritional composition into the muscle and into the vein, use of ear, nasal, eye drops; introducing something into the nose, throat, ears, private organs; swallowing blood, food debris in the form of crumbs, sputum, etc. together with saliva. According to some Shafi'i theologians, medicinal injections into a muscle or vein make the Fast invalid. They come from words Ibn Abbas: " Verily, the breaking of the fast is in what has entered (into the body), and not in what has come out (from the body).". Random erroneous actions committed by a fasting person against his will or out of forgetfulness (such as eating, drinking, etc.) do not interrupt the Fast and do not require expiatory actions. Messenger of Allah said: " If someone ate and drank, forgetting that he was fasting, then his Fast remains valid, since he was fed and drunk by Himself Allah ". (Text agreed upon). He who takes food, drink, etc., as soon as he remembers that he is in Lent, must immediately refrain from doing what he does accidentally, or by mistake, and continue his Lent further.

2. Breaks the Fast deliberate vomiting, even if the fasting person is sure that some of the vomit did not return to the body. If the fasting person was unable to prevent vomiting and vomited regardless of his desire, then the Fast is not considered broken, even if part of the vomit returned back into the body. Messenger of Allah said: " The one who has overcome vomiting - and he is in Lent - he is not obliged to compensate Him, and if he caused vomiting, let him compensate". (Reported Hadith by Abu Dawood Tirmidhi and others).

3. Breaks the Fast conscious sexual intercourse during the day during Lent, regardless of whether discharge occurred or not, if the fasting person, completely forgetting that he is in Lent, has copulated, then his Fast is considered unbroken. Messenger of Allah said: " Allah took away the sin of my people for error and forgetfulness". (Genuine Hadith, narrated by At-tabarani).

4. The Fast is broken when ejaculating semen through something, regardless of how it happened. Spontaneous release of semen during kissing, stroking, looking at women, men, etc. also makes the Fast invalid, except for occasional ejaculation without desire and emission during sleep. During the day, during Fasting, actions and deeds that lead to arousal of a person’s sexual feelings are also prohibited.

5. The Fast is broken in the event that insanity occurs during the day during Lent, even for a moment.

6. The Fast is broken when signs of menstruation and postpartum discharge appear (in the daytime, during Lent), even if this happened at the last moment before sunset. Women do not have the right to fast until they are completely cleared of discharge. A missed Fast due to discharge must be repeated immediately after completing the obligatory Fast of Ramadan. It is said about this Aishoy We had menstruation in the presence of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him), then we purified ourselves, and we were ordered to repeat the broken Fast and were not ordered to repeat the ritual prayer"If the Fast had been considered valid during the allocations, there would have been no order to reproduce it.

7. Breaks the Fast renunciation of the Faith by word, deed, belief, deliberate refusal, etc., that is, by doing everything that can tempt a Muslim to fall away from Islam. Almighty said: " And if any of you falls away from your religion and dies as an infidel, for such, their deeds in the present and future life will be in vain!". Fasting and all good deeds of those people who have fallen away from the True Faith are in vain and are not accepted by Allah until they repent and return to Her.

8. The Fast is broken , if the fasting person lost consciousness for the whole fasting day and did not come to his senses, at least for a moment from the beginning of the first dawn until the sun was completely blocked.

9. Breaking the Fast (according to some theologians) with indecent behavior and actions. Based on sayings Prophet of Allah, all organs of our body must observe Lent. We should not be slaves to our feelings, passions, desires, habits, etc. Passed on Jabir from Anas: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) truly said: “Five actions break the Fast: lying, gossip, slander (denunciation), false oath, lustful glance"Every fasting person must know that his ears are obliged not to listen to obscenities, his eyes not to see what is forbidden, his tongue not to utter lies, slander, gossip, slander, obscenity, to make false oaths: hands, feet and other parts and organs body - not to go where it is forbidden, and not to commit sin. All organs of our body must observe Fasting, without being tempted by whims and passions.

10. Fasts interrupted due to intentional eating, drinking, inserting anything into a person's void, intentional vomiting, female bleeding, male defilement, loss of consciousness, etc., must be compensated until the new month of Ramadan begins. Otherwise, in addition to compensation for the Fast, you need to pay a ransom (feed the poor), which will be discussed below.

1. Timely breaking of the fast . It is most preferable for a person to first eat dates or drink water immediately after sunset, then perform evening prayer, and after prayer continue to eat light plant foods. Narrated (Bukhari and Muslim) about Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " When He was fasting. He did not begin evening prayer until they brought a ripe date or water to eat or drink, and in winter He did not begin evening prayer until they brought a dry date or water".

2. Eating V last time before the onset of the day's Fast, before the onset of the first dawn, is considered a desirable act, confirmed by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him): “Verily, postponing eating until the time of the first dawn.” (From the tradition of the Messengers) - reported by Ibn Habban in his original. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Take food (suhoor) before the first dawn, truly, in (suhoor) eating before the first dawn is a blessing". (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).

3. Very desirable start breaking the fast with a name Allah and a prayer for acceptance of the observed Fast. Breaking my fast Messenger of Allah said: " Oh, my Allah, for the sake of You I was fasting. Yours I broke my fast with food; my thirst has passed, and my veins have filled with moisture, and let my due be given, if it pleases Allah ". (Abu Dawud told about this).

4. Desirable action It is considered to begin breaking the fast with others: after all, having fed them, he (the one who feeds) receives a reward similar to the Fast of the fed. This is confirmed by the words Messenger of Allah: "Whoever feeds a fasting person will receive a reward similar to him (the one fed), without subtracting anything from the fasting person’s reward". (Reported and confirmed by at-Tirmidhi) During Lent, it is very advisable to do good deeds, invite each other to break the fast, and organize breaking the fast in places where those in need live.

5. Desirable during Lent abundance of alms, Alms, doing good and good deeds, helping those in need, visiting the sick, the elderly, reading the Koran, studying religion, visiting the Mosque, etc., Anas(may Allah be pleased with him) said: " It was said: O Messenger Allah,which Almsgiving is the best? He said: " Almsgiving in Ramadan ". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi).

1. Sick , suffering from any serious illness, with the permission of a truthful doctor, is exempted from Fasting provided:

A) if Fasting negatively affects the patient and his illness;

b) if the Fast opposes the treatment of the patient;

V) if the patient feels severe pain while fasting. It is prohibited to observe Fasting if the disease has a detrimental effect on the patient’s body.

2. Traveler , walking or riding any type of transport, at any time during his journey, has the right to observe or not observe the Fast. Fasting during travel is preferable. Conditions exempting you from Fasting while traveling are:

A) so that the journey is long (at least 83 km);

b) so that the journey takes a whole fasting day;

V) so that the journey is sinless, has good intentions, approved by Shariah;

G) so that the journey begins before the start of the fasting day. Almighty said: " ...and whoever of you is sick or on a journey, then the number of other days"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184).

3. Frail old man is exempted from Fasting if he is unable to observe It. Almighty said: " Allah does not lay upon a soul anything except what is possible for it."(Koran, Sura 2, verse 286). The missed Fasts of the elder must be atoneed for by feeding the poor for each missed day.

4. Pregnant woman A woman carrying a child and a woman breastfeeding a child are exempt from Fasting if the Fast causes harm to them or their children. Anas al-Kaabi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Truly, Allah Almighty removed Fasting and part of the prayer from the traveler, and Fasting from pregnant and breastfeeding women". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and others).

1. Anyone who misses the obligatory Fast of Ramadan due to illness or travel must make it up before the new month of Ramadan arrives. If the missed Posts are not compensated before the arrival of the new month, then the violator earns a sin. And he will have to, in addition to compensation, feed the poor for every missed day. The penalty for late reimbursement of Lent increases with the increase in non-reimbursement, that is, it (the fine) increases and repeats with the increase in unreimbursed years. For example, if one of you decided to make up for the missed one day of Lent five years ago, then, in addition to the compensation, he must feed one poor person for the first year, two for the second, three for the third, etc., in total 1+2+3+4+5=15 poor people. The poor must be fed with frequently consumed food, the quantity of which should not be less than one mudda (600 grams). If it so happens that the illness lasted until the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and the patient was unable to make up for the missed Fast, then he is obliged to make up for it when he recovers. In this case, he is not subject to a penalty for late compensation of the obligatory Fast. If the patient died without making up for the Fast due to the duration of the illness, then the sin does not apply to him. If the deceased during his lifetime, having the opportunity, did not compensate for the missed Fast due to negligence, then close relatives, if desired, can compensate for the missed Fast of the deceased. From Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): " Truly Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Instead of the one who dies leaving the unrequited debt of Fasting, his relatives fast". (Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim). According to theologians, the missed Fast of the deceased can be compensated by anyone if any of the relatives of the deceased wishes to do so. Without the permission of the relatives or the will of the deceased, people of unrelated origin do not have the right to compensate for the missed fasts of the deceased. If none of the relatives and friends made up for the missed Fasts of the deceased, then a fine for untimely compensation of the obligatory Fast is necessarily levied on the estate of the deceased.If the deceased did not leave behind an inheritance, then the fine can be reimbursed by anyone who shows a desire. Ibn Omar(may Allah be pleased with him) said: " Whoever dies with the debt of fasting in the month of Ramadan, let him feed the poor in his name in return for every day he misses.". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi)

2. Anyone who missed the obligatory Fast due to extreme old age is obliged to pay a ransom (distribute Alms) in the amount of one mudda (600 grams). frequently consumed food for each non-observed Fast. Fasts not observed due to extreme old age are not reimbursed by anyone and are not subject to an increasing fine. Almighty said: " For those who can keep the Fast (with difficulty), a ransom has been appointed to feed the hungry"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184). Those who are allowed to buy off their Fast with Alms include those who are sick without hope of recovery. 3. Women who missed the Fast due to pregnancy and breastfeeding are required to observe the following:

A) if a woman missed a Fast for fear of harming her body, then she is obliged to make up for the missed Fast before the new month of Ramadan;

b) if a woman missed a Fast for fear of harming the child she is breastfeeding or carrying in the womb (mother), then she is obliged to make up for the missed Fasts and pay a ransom in the amount of one mudda (600 grams) of frequently consumed food for each missed day.

Anyone who consciously breaks the Fast while observing obligatory Fasting by having sex, earns a huge sin. The sin he committed by copulation, along with compensation, requires expiatory actions. Redemptive actions in this case consist in the liberation of a slave or slave, and if they are not there, then in the continuous observance of the redemptive Fast for two months in a row without a single omission. If at least one day was interrupted in the expiatory two-month Fast, then the expiatory Fast must be repeated again. Those who are completely unable, for good reasons, to observe a two-month expiatory Fast, are obliged to feed sixty destitute Muslims with frequently consumed food in the amount of one mudda (600 grams). These redemptive acts are not assigned to the female sex. Those who are unable to atone for their sins in the above ways should do so when they are able. Each Fast interrupted by a sin requires a separate compensation and a separate expiatory action. For example, if three fasting days of the month of Ramadan are interrupted by copulation, then in this case it is necessary to compensate them before the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and perform atonement actions for each interrupted day separately. Redemptive actions are not assigned to the female gender, as well as in the following cases:

A) if the fasting person has copulated, forgetting that he is in Lent;

b) if the fasting person did not know about the prohibition of copulation during the Fast;

V) if the fasting person has had intercourse during a trip approved by Shariah;

G) if the fasting person has copulated while in the desired Fast;

d) if the fasting person breaks the Fast before copulation occurs.

Almighty said: " Who will come with good deed, for that - ten like him..."(Quran, Sura 6, verse 160). In addition to the obligatory Fast, it is very preferable for a Muslim to observe desirable Fasts that contribute to the improvement of faith, strengthen the body, systematically imbue the body and soul with piety, and additionally bring us closer to Allah

1. It is advisable to comply six-day fast in the month of Shawwal (10th month) lunar calendar) after the holiday of the end of the fast of the month of Ramadan. From Ibn Ayub(may Allah be pleased with him): " One who fasted during Ramadan and then continued for six days of Shawwal as if he had fasted for a century (year)"- Narrated Muslim. For any good we do, we are rewarded ten times more, i.e. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is equal to ten months, and six additional days Shawwal is equal to two months. All together equals 12 months. Six-day fasting is permitted intermittently during the month of Shawwal.

2. It is advisable to comply Fasting the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar) on the day of Arafah is for those who do not make the Pilgrimage. Abi Qatadata(may Allah be pleased with him): said: " Asked Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) about the Fast of Arafah, He replied: "(Fasting on the day of Arafah) atones for sins for the past and next years". (Narrated by Muslim).

3. It is advisable to comply Fasting on the day of Ashura and Tasua. These are the tenth and ninth days of the month of Muharram (the first month of the lunar calendar). Evidence of this is what he conveyed Ibn Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him): " Truly, Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fasted on the day of Ashura and commanded that people fast on it"(narrated by al-Bukhari). The wisdom of observing the Fast on the day of Tasua" together with Ashura is not to be like the Jews. The Jews observe the day of Ashura, and therefore it is preferable to observe the Fast together with Ashura and the ninth preceding or eleventh following day, the day of Ashura.

4. It is advisable to comply Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays. From Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her), she said: " Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) preferred to fast on Monday and Thursday". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi).

5. It is advisable to comply Fast monthly for three full moon days: 13th, 14th, 15th days Lunar month. The words Abu Zarra(may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: " commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fast for three full moon days every month - the 13th, 14th, 15th, and said: “They are like the Fast of an age (year)" - Narrated by an-Nasai and confirmed by Ibn Abbas.

6. It is advisable to carry out in Lent for most of the month of Sha"aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar): " Messenger of Allah fasted for most of the month of Sha'aban. (Text agreed upon).

7. Based on reliable sources and statements Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), it is also recommended (for those who are able) to fast Prophet Dawood(may Allah greet him). It is known that He fasted every other day. Desirable Fasts, unlike obligatory ones, can be interrupted if the fasting person expresses a desire to do so.

P A condemned Fast is considered to be that Fast, by non-observance of which we earn a reward. Anyone who observes the condemned Fast does not earn rewards and does not receive punishment. Man is a slave Allah, and he is obliged to follow His will, since unauthorized intervention can lead to unpleasant and fruitless consequences.

1. Condemned It is Islam to set aside a separate Friday day by observing voluntary Fasting. It is imperative to combine It with Thursday or Saturday. Evidence of what was said is what was conveyed al-Bukhari And Muslim: True Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Do not fast on Friday (alone) except in conjunction with the day before or the day after.".

2. Condemned to separate Saturday or Sunday by observing voluntary Fasting, since Jews exalt Saturday, and Christians exalt Sunday. The evidence of what was said is what he conveyed at-Tirmidhi: "Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not fast on the Sabbath day except what is prescribed for you.” by Allah "Theologians do not condemn the observance of these two days in unity, since Jews and Christians do not exalt them together.

3. Condemned spend in Lent whole year without interruption to those who fear harm to themselves, or to those who need his guardianship. It's been said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " There is no Fasting for one who fasts constantly". (Reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim and others). Anyone who is confident in his abilities has the right to observe Fasting constantly (except for prohibited days), since it is one of the most best views worship.

Z Fasting is considered prohibited, by observing which we earn sin.

1. Prohibited Observance of Fasting on the holiday of the end of the month of Fasting - Ramadan and on the Feast of Sacrifice Allah, celebrated by Muslims on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah. Evidence of this is what he conveyed Muslim from Abi Hurayrata(may Allah be pleased with him): " Truly, Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibited the Fast of two days: the Day of Sacrifice and the Day of Completion of the Fast.".

2. Prohibited observing the Fast for three days is the 11th, 12th, 13th days following the day of sacrifice on the 10th Dhul-Hijjah Translated from Omar Ibn Al-Ass(may Allah be pleased with him). He said: " These are the days in which he commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) break the fast and forbade us to fast in them". Said Malik: "These are the days following the day of sacrifice".

3. Prohibited observance of Fasting on a doubtful day. The 30th day of the month Sha'aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar), preceding the Holy month of Ramadan, is considered a dubious day. Confirmation of the prohibition of Fasting on this day is what was conveyed Abu Dawud from Omar Ibn Yasir(may Allah be pleased with him) from Messenger(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he said: " Whoever fasted on a day about which people doubted, verily he disobeyed to the Prophet ".

4. Prohibited to fast in the second half of the month of Sha'aban for those who did not fast in the first half. That is, you cannot meet the Holy month of Ramadan by Fasting in the few days preceding it. This is confirmed by what Abu-Davud conveyed from Abu-Hurairat (may he be pleased them Allah): “Verily, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said; " When Sha'aban reaches half, do not fast".

5. Based on from Suna Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), women are prohibited from observing desirable Fasts in the presence of their husbands without his permission. If the husband is absent, then she has the right to observe them, regardless of whether he allows her to do so or not. Obligatory Fasting, unlike the desirable one, must be observed without the permission of the husband, since this is a command prescribed by Allah.

M alms, distributed to the needy on the occasion of the completion of the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan, is obligatory for every person, regardless of his age and gender. It cleanses the body and soul from errors that arose during observance of obligatory Fasting. Ibn Omar(may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made it obligatory for people to give alms on the occasion of the end of the Fast of the month of Ramadan in a measure of one sa'a (a measure of free-flowing solids equal to three liters) in dates or barley - to every free or unfree (slave), regardless of whether whether he is male or female, young or old, but from among the Muslims". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The conditions for obligatory Charity are:

A) Being in Islam. Almsgiving on the occasion of the end of Lent becomes obligatory only for those people who are considered Muslims.

b) The onset of sunset on the last day of Ramadan. The payment of alms becomes obligatory at sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan. Some theologians believe that the first dawn is necessary holiday.

3. Availability frequently consumed food product to pay Alms in the amount of one sa "a. Guardians or immediate relatives must take care of the unmistakable performance of Alms by their loved ones. Alms on the occasion of the end of the Fast should be paid along with the intention, i.e. when paying Alms, it is necessary to have an internal desire that you give some part of your property precisely as obligatory Alms, and not anything else. The payment of Alms should occur on your own behalf and on behalf of those people who are under the guardianship of the person being paid. The period for paying Alms; according to theologians, begins from the beginning of Lent. You can pay Alms throughout the month of Ramadan. The best time to pay Alms is considered to be the time from the first dawn of the holiday until the time of the Eid prayer begins. Alms must find its owner. It must be paid to the poor, orphans, etc. - all those Muslims who need it. Almighty said: " Alms - only for the poor, beggars, those working on it (persons engaged in the distribution of Alms) - to those whose hearts are attracted to the ransom of slaves, to debtors, on the way Allah, travelers, - by decree Allah. Allah is Knowing, Wise! "(Quran, Sura 9, verse 60). You cannot transfer Alms from one region to another as long as there are Muslims in need in this region. Anyone who could not pay Alms on time for a good reason is obliged to do so at the first possibilities. It is forbidden to postpone the payment of Alms until the end of the holiday. It is also forbidden to pay Alms with low-quality or less consumed food products. Some theologians allow paying Alms in money when those in need desire it. Details about the payment of Alms will be described in the next special chapter.

B pious stay should be observed by believers in solitude in the Mosque with the full intention of approaching Allah. Islam considers pious abiding to be lawful, as evidenced by the words Almighty: "And do not touch them while you are piously in places of worship."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). Pious stay was also the law of the ancient commandments sent down To the prophets before Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Almighty said: " And we told Ibrahim And Ismail: “Cleanse My House (from filth) for those who circumambulate, and those who stay, and those who bow, and those who prostrate!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 125). By observing a pious stay, a person breaks away from everything worldly, secludes himself completely, surrendering himself to Allah. In solitude, he purifies the heart and soul, cultivating in them piety and humility, in return receiving forgiveness of sins. Pious stay is divided into into three types:

A) desirable;

b) very desirable;

V) mandatory.

AND It is advisable to observe a pious stay at any time of the year in order to get closer to Allah. It is highly advisable to observe a pious stay at the end of the month of Ramadan. Buhari And Muslim transmitted from Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): " Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) remained piously during the last ten days of Ramadan. Then his wives arrived"The wisdom of pious stay in the last days of Ramadan lies in waiting for the Night of Power. The Night of Power, according to theologians, can supposedly occur in the last 10 days, more precisely: on the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th of the month of Ramadan. It is very advisable to spend these special nights , staying in places of worship, observing prayers, reading the Koran, remembering Allah as much as possible, asking for forgiveness of sins, etc. From Abi Hurayrata: " Truly, Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever spends the Night of Power with faith and resignation, Allah forgives the past". For the service and good done on this Night, Allah blesses and rewards better than in thousands of months in which there is no Night of Power. Almighty said: " The Night of Power is better than a thousand months"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 3). A pious stay becomes obligatory if a person prescribes it to himself as a vow. Those who have made a vow that they will stay in the Mosque for a certain period of time have no right to leave it without extreme necessity. Necessity is considered to be going out to perform natural needs, bathing, ablution, etc. If the observant interrupts his promised stay without a valid reason, then he must begin it again. Actions that interrupt the pious stay:

A) Renunciation of Islam, drinking alcohol, insanity.

b) Conscious sexual intimacy (even if no discharge has occurred). The Almighty said: “And do not touch them while you are piously in places of worship.”

V) Deliberately leaving the Mosque without a valid reason is not necessary.

G) The appearance of various types of bleeding in women.

AND desirable actions of pious stay:

A) During a pious stay, it is advisable to read the Quran as much as possible, remember Allah, study Islam, etc.

b) It is advisable to observe Fasting, as it helps to extinguish internal feelings, passions, desires, etc.

V) It is advisable that pious solitude be observed in the Mosque where the Friday ritual prayer is performed.

4. Desirable so that the one who observes solitude speaks only good and fair things, avoiding foul language. One who observes a pious stay has the right to comb and cut hair, cut nails, wash the body, use incense, put on and change clothes. He has the right to go out to perform natural needs, to go out to eat food if it is not brought to him. It is not advisable to do any worldly work while staying in the Mosque (such as buying or selling something, sewing, knitting, etc.). U the words of one who observes pious stay. Anyone who decides to observe a pious stay in places of worship must take into account the following conditions:

1. Intent : having an internal (mental) desire to be certain time in the Mosque for the purpose of worship and bringing oneself closer to Allah Almighty, implementing the Sunnat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him).

2. Length of stay : the usual period of pious stay is the period that has received general recognition of believers in a given Mosque in which a particular Muslim stays.

Oraza is Muslim fast. Can be performed on any day except holidays (Eid al-Adha, Kurban Bayram). During the ninth month of the Islamic calendar (Ramadan), Muslims are required to fast. The length of the month is 29 or 30 days and depends on the lunar calendar. The fast begins at dawn and ends after sunset.

No. 2. Why should a Muslim fast during the holy month of Ramadan?

The month of obligatory fasting for Muslims is one of the five pillars of Islam.

The five pillars of Islam are: Shahada, Salah, Oraza, Zakat and Hajj. Shahada is a declaration of faith containing a confession of monotheism and recognition of the prophetic mission of Muhammad. Namaz - five daily prayers. Oraza is a fast during the month of Ramadan. Zakat is an obligatory donation, a religious tax for the benefit of those in need. Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca. During the month of Ramadan, devout Muslims abstain from eating, drinking, smoking and intimacy during the daytime. The complete renunciation of simple human needs, even on the hottest and most grueling days, provides an opportunity for Muslims to demonstrate the strength of their faith. During fasting, they strive to curb their instincts and passions. In addition to external purity, during this month the fasting person tries to strictly observe internal purity - liberation from all thoughts and actions that defile a person. Muslims believe that observing spiritual and bodily fasting the month of Ramadan has an extremely positive impact on their souls.

No. 3. Is Muslim fasting harmful?

Doctors believe that it is not harmful. For example, night meals are usually moderate, and it is easier for the stomach to cope with them. Getting used to small amounts of food digestive system begins to work better, and the body is cleansed of toxins.

Muslim fasting is quite flexible and is based on the fact that human life and health are the most valuable to God. Therefore, if there is a risk to your health, fasting is not recommended. In the first place on the list are travelers, pregnant and lactating women and children (in general, up to seven years, but imams do not recommend such a diet for a growing body). Also, sick people should not fast - those who need to constantly take medications and need a normal daily routine and diet. Whether you can fast should be determined by your attending physician. At the same time, travelers and sick people are obliged to make up the missed days after the end of the fast.

No. 5. What are iftar and suhur?

Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal, and Iftar, the evening breaking of the fast during Ramadan, replace the traditional three meals a day. Suhur is performed before Fajr prayer, before dawn. Iftar - in the evening after sunset. At the same time, night meals are the duty of a fasting Muslim; they belong to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. Every day, before fasting, Muslims pronounce an intention approximately in the following form: “I intend to fast tomorrow (today) for the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah.”

No. 6. How to get into the mood, and what is best to eat during the evening meal?

During iftar it is very important not to overeat. Because, firstly, it is advisable for you to sleep after it (especially if you have to go to work in the morning), and secondly, after it you will have to pray for an hour and a half, which is difficult with a full stomach. Prophet Muhammad broke his fast with a date and washed it down with plenty of water. Doctors support this way of eating and add that you can eat a couple of other dried fruits along with the date - the main thing is to chew them for a long time and thoroughly. They will curb the beastly appetite and then you can start a normal dinner. Beshbarmak, beloved by fasting Kazakhs, is canceled - doctors recommend soups of all types and in small quantities. During iftar, more liquid is vitally important - the body, exhausted during the day, will absorb it like a sponge, restoring the water balance.

No. 7. What is the best thing to eat during your morning meal?

Your morning meal should fill you up for as long as possible. Therefore, here you can have beshbarmak, pilaf, and others hearty dishes, but only if you don’t go to bed after it. In any case, you shouldn't overeat either. Doctors' recommendation: it is better to eat porridge for breakfast, even if breakfast is at four in the morning. Preference is given to corn and millet - they take a very long time to digest, saturating the body with essential microelements.

No. 8. How to minimize the effects of heat and avoid dehydration?

Unfortunately, nothing can be done about the heat, and nothing can be done about dehydration. Therefore, doctors have only one recommendation: fasting people should not spend a lot of time in the heat, especially in the open sun. If you really cannot avoid the street, stay in the shade, be sure to wear a hat and carry a bottle of water with you - rinse your mouth and wash your face if you feel overheated. You will have to drink from it if it gets really bad. Air conditioning and a cool shower will help you cool down and last until the evening. The main thing is not to overdo it, so as not to catch a cold. Another tip for relief during the day: Avoid salty and sweet foods during Iftar and Suhoor. Salt and sugar remove fluid from the body and increase feelings of thirst and hunger.

No. 9. Can I take medication while fasting?

If you need a course of treatment, your doctor will solve the problem with taking medications. And if you have a headache, you will have to wait until sunset and only then take the pill. Any medications should enter the body with plenty of water; you should not choke on tablets dry, especially since it’s not far from an ulcer.

No. 10. After what signals from the body should you immediately stop fasting?

If your head is dizzy and unbearably painful, your vision is dark, vomiting does not stop, your legs can’t hold up, and your whole body aches and you have no strength, it’s better to go to the doctor. This may also be a temporary phenomenon - for example, due to pressure changes in the atmosphere. Or it could be a sign of a serious illness. In any case, get ready for the fact that everything is yours chronic diseases will make themselves felt during Lent.

No. 11. How to break fast without harming your body?

There are no special recommendations here, because fasting is not fasting. But there is a basic rule that should always be followed, especially when it comes to food. This is moderation. Don't jump straight into a three-course meal: your digestive system may not be able to handle such a belly-fest. It’s better to pull yourself together, divide your meals into five times and teach yourself to eat right.