How to properly sort a table. How to properly serve cutlery? Example of banquet table setting

And the art of table setting has a thousand-year history. Each era had its own feast culture. In addition, at different nations there were their own ways of decorating the table and serving dishes, corresponding to national culture and traditions. And today there are quite a lot of types of table settings, so let’s try to understand only the basic rules of table setting according to etiquette and its design.

The main elements of table setting are: tablecloth, dishes, cutlery, napkins and various decor. In order for all these items to be placed correctly on the table, you need to adhere to some rules, as well as a certain sequence of actions.

On the eve of the feast, decide on the number and type of dishes, napkins, cutlery, etc. - this will depend on the number and type of dishes, the number of guests, and the reason for the feast.

We set the table according to etiquette

Tablecloth

It is chosen depending on the type of feast, the color scheme of the dishes, the interior of the room - it should be in harmony with the curtains and upholstery. Usually give preference light shades. A snow-white tablecloth looks especially elegant.

However, tablecloths can also be colored - plain or with a pattern around the edge. But keep in mind that tablecloths that are too colorful and bright will tire the eye and distract from the dishes on the table. If you are using a dark tablecloth, match it with light-colored dishes.

According to the rules of etiquette, the tablecloth should be sized to cover the legs of the table (rectangular or square), and its ends should hang evenly by 25–30 cm on all sides, but not fall below the level of the seats.

Spread the tablecloth on the table as follows: open it, then take it from one side by the ends, lift it, shake it and sharply lower it down. At the same time, a layer of air is formed between the table and the canvas - it facilitates further leveling of the tablecloth. Never stretch the canvas or pull it at the corners!

If the table is polished, place an oilcloth under the tablecloth.
Give preference to fabric tablecloths, especially from natural materials– they will create a truly homely or festive atmosphere.
Whatever tablecloth you choose, remember the main rule - it must be perfectly clean and ironed.

Cutlery and crockery

After the tablecloth is covered, begin laying out the plates and cutlery.

Dishes

Consider the etiquette of arranging plates:

Snack plate - should be located opposite each chair and at a distance of approximately 2 cm from the edge of the table.
A bread or pie plate is placed to the left of the snack plate at a distance of 5–15 cm.
If several dishes are provided, a dining plate should be placed under the appetizer plate.

During the feast, when changing dishes, plates are replaced in a timely manner.

Cutlery

Place the tablespoon and knife on the right, and the fork on the left. The dessert spoon is located behind the plate - with the handle facing to the right.

According to the rules of etiquette, they first begin to use cutlery from the outer edge, replacing them with cutlery towards the plate as the dishes change.

Try to maintain the distance between the cutlery and the plate, as well as between neighboring devices– it should be 0.5–1.0 cm.

Drinkware

Glasses, glasses, wine glasses are designed for only one type of drink. The wine glass is located on the right, and the water glass on the left. Usually they are displayed along one line, but always no more than three items. In case of full serving, drinkware is placed in two rows.

Adviсe:

Before serving, be sure to thoroughly wash and wipe all cutlery - there should be no smudges or stains on them. Buff them until they shine using stiff cotton towels or multiple layers of paper towels.

Napkins

They play an important role in table setting. There are a lot of options for folding napkins - this is a real art that you can talk about a lot. Let's focus only on the basic rules.

The material of the napkins is chosen depending on the type of feast.
For festive table Cloth napkins (cotton or linen) are more suitable; sometimes they can be replaced with paper ones - in this case they are placed under the right edge of the plate.
The color of the napkins can be any - to match the tablecloth, candles or flower arrangements on the table, although contrasting colors are also allowed.

Cutlery with spices

They are placed at the final stage of serving. Typically, these devices are installed on special stands in the central part of the table. There must be salt and pepper on the table, and also, in accordance with the menu, mustard, vinegar, vegetable oil and other seasonings.

Decor elements

Choice decorative ornaments depends, first of all, on the occasion of the feast: a business meeting, wedding, anniversary or birthday, new year holidays and so on. And also from the style in which the apartment is made. For example, red napkins with turquoise color(You can read about this beautiful shade.)

For a dinner party, it is better to stick to a neutral decorating style, but if close people or friends come to visit you, the decorating style can be more free.

Figurines of the bride and groom, doves, as well as objects in the form of wedding rings or hearts.

For a birthday, create bright accents with the help of decor, and if it’s a children’s name day, use images of your favorite cartoon characters.

On New Year's table Compositions made from pine branches, Christmas tree decorations, tinsel, candles, etc., as well as New Year-themed figurines and souvenirs, will look beautiful.

The decoration of any table, regardless of the type of feast, will be flowers - bouquets or compositions of fresh flowers, as well as floral arrangements of dried flowers. However, when using them as decoration, pay attention to some points:

make sure that none of the guests are allergic to flowers;
do not choose plants with strong aroma, it will mix with the smell of dishes or interrupt it;
Place a vase of flowers at some distance from cutlery and dishes so that pollen or petals do not accidentally fall onto the guests’ plate.

Adviсe:

All decorative elements should be combined not only with each other, but also with the overall interior.

Do not choose decorative elements that are too tall - they should not interfere with guests seeing each other and communicating freely.

Don't use too much decor - remember that everything needs moderation.

The festive table should not only be replete with delicious dishes and delicacies. Try to decorate it in an original and correct way, because a beautifully set table is an indicator of your hospitality and good taste.

Sooner or later a situation may arise that best friend or a new potential partner will invite you to a posh restaurant to celebrate their next anniversary or sign an incredibly lucrative contract. For some people, such an invitation will not seem unusual, while others may simply panic before going out. What is the reason for such incomprehensible excitement? Many of us have been abroad, visited numerous restaurants, tasted a huge variety national dishes. It seems impossible to surprise us with anything. But, nevertheless, when it comes to going to a top-class restaurant, panic and incredible worries begin: how to behave, what to order, how to combine dishes with drinks, etc. But the worst thing is table setting in a restaurant - a powerful arsenal of plates, cutlery, glasses on the table. Which side should you approach from? Which fork should I grab? What a shame it would be if guests noticed your lack of education in restaurant etiquette! It's okay, everything can be fixed!

Introduction

The first question that arises when you are already at the table is: “What to do with this napkin beautifully folded into an original figure?” Yes, often when setting a table in a restaurant, napkins, the patterns of which can be very complex, are very frustrating to unwrap; they look like works of art. But still, take the napkin by the free corner, pull the edge, and it will unwind. Fold it in half and place it on your lap (do not push it into the collar or neckline of a lady's dress). This wipe is designed to keep crumbs and splashes from staining your clothes. You can get your mouth wet inside napkins, then the outer part will remain clean and will not spoil your weekend suit. Never use it to wipe off lipstick.

The principle of classic serving

The second stage is the desire to figure out what to do with all the cutlery and glasses? Don’t worry ahead of time: before serving the first course, the waiter will remove everything unnecessary. All that will remain is what you need for the meal. Table setting in a restaurant, the diagram of which is presented below, is not so difficult to remember. So:

There is a serving plate right in front of you, which serves as a stand for a hot dish;
most often at the beginning of the banquet there is a plate for appetizers on it;
to the left of the plates (in the direction from the guest) there is a table fork, a fish fork, a snack fork;
to the right of the plates there is a table knife, a fish knife, a snack knife, a table spoon;
above the plates there is a dessert fork (with the handle pointing to the left) and a dessert spoon (with the handle pointing to the right);
on the left above the plates there is a container for bread (pie plate) and a butter knife on it;
the right space above the plates is served with a glass for water, a glass for white wine, and a glass for red wine.

If you are further at a loss, remember: first take those utensils that lie on the edges, that is, farthest from the plate. Dessert utensils will be removed and removed later during dessert service.

Studying devices

In addition to instruments classic serving, there are those that are used much less frequently. A video of table setting in a restaurant will clearly show how to use original cutlery.

Knives and forks

Spoons

There are also several types of spoons:

lettuce, having three small teeth at the end. Used to transfer salad from a common plate to a serving plate;
the pouring room (ladle) is used for pouring compotes, milk, jelly and, of course, soups;
The spoon for salt is very small, located in the salt shaker.

shoulder blades

caviar spatula – similar to a scoop, used for transferring chum or granular caviar from the caviar bowl to a plate;
meat and vegetable dishes require a rectangular spatula when transferring;
hot and cold dishes are transferred from a common plate to a portioned one using a shaped spatula;
for pate, use a small figured spatula;
For cakes and pastries, use a square figured spatula.

Forceps

Don't be alarmed, these are not the same forceps used in dental offices. These tongs are culinary tongs. Have you seen table settings like this in a restaurant? Pictures are included! There are:

snail tongs for holding the shell;
For baking use large pastry tongs;
For sugar, sweets, chocolate, small pastry tongs are used;
In order to crack the nuts, you need V-shaped tongs with nut indentations;
for ice you will need U-shaped tongs with serrated blades;
Asparagus tongs, offered for asparagus on the grill.

Hooks

Hooks are not used to catch fish, but to remove the snail from its shell.

Glasses on the table and their purpose

The number of glasses on the table depends on what drinks will be served during the feast. Classic version– glasses for white wine, red wine, a wine glass or a glass for water.

If you plan to serve a table in a restaurant for a banquet, there can be much more glasses. How to deal with them?

Glasses are served to the right of the plates from small to large, straight or in an arc. If there are a lot of glasses, then they are served in two rows so that large glasses do not cover small ones.

Here you don’t have to worry - the waiter will fill a certain glass with the desired drink. But, nevertheless, take note:

a small glass is intended for vodka or strong liqueur;
Madeira glass - slightly larger in size than vodka - used for Madeira, port and sherry;
champagne glass - “flute” (“flute”, “flute”) - tall, delicate, on a thin stem;
glass for white wine - the edges are narrowed, the stem is high and thin (so as not to heat the cool white wine with the heat of your hand). Add white wine frequently;
A glass for red wine is barrel-shaped, the stem is thicker and shorter. The glass is two-thirds full;
glass for cognac - “brandy snifter”, spherical, narrowed at the top. Fills to the bottom;
glass for whiskey - “whisky”, “old fashion” - served, if desired, with ice, water, soda;
martini glass - “martinka” - an inverted cone on a thin stem, vermouth and martini-type cocktails are served in it.

Do's and Don'ts in a Restaurant

Setting a table in a restaurant (example photo attached) is not all you need to learn regarding restaurant etiquette. There are other rules:

You cannot powder, put on makeup, or comb your hair at the table. To do this, they go to the ladies' room. You are only allowed to look in the mirror at the end of the meal.
You cannot persuade your table neighbor to drink or eat more.
Equipment that has fallen to the floor cannot be picked up. Pretend that nothing happened and don't hesitate to ask the waiter to bring others.
The knife is held exclusively in the right hand, even if you are left-handed.
The spoon and fork are held parallel to the table on their way to the mouth.
The soup spoon does not fill to the brim.
It is not customary to tilt a plate of soup.
They do not eat bread with a fork, do not bite off a whole piece, and do not spread butter on a whole piece of bread. It is correct to break off a small piece with your hand above your plate.
The pate, caviar and butter are taken with a knife, placed on a plate, and only then spread on bread.
Fish bones should not be spat out onto the plate; they are discreetly taken out with your hand or a fork and placed on the edge of the plate.
The poultry meat is separated from the bone with a knife and eaten with a fork. It is indecent to gnaw on bones picked up by hand.
You can eat some dishes with your hands: asparagus, chicken tobacco.
The knife does not cut everything at once, but one by one.
It is not necessary to finish a dish or finish a glass of wine.
If you want to take a break to drink water, place your cutlery on the plate as you held it: fork with the handle to the left, knife with the handle to the right.
If you decide to take a break from eating, stack the cutlery on the plate crosswise.
Parallel stacked cutlery marks the end of the meal. In this case, the waiter will remove your plate.
A coffee or teaspoon is used to stir the sugar, then it should be placed on a saucer.
The drink you drink through a straw should not be sucked completely.
The napkin should be left unfolded on the right side of the plate at the end of the banquet.

That's all: the basic basics of restaurant etiquette have been covered. There is only one thing left: calmly, without a single worry, in a good mood, enter a prestigious restaurant and amaze those present at the table with your intelligence and education.

What housewife doesn't dream of surprising her guests with her culinary skills at the festive table? But to produce maximum effect, you need to know how to properly set the table at home. Correct location creates dishes and utensils special atmosphere. What do you need to know about serving? How to properly decorate a table for a birthday, New Year, for family breakfast, lunch, dinner?

Important etiquette rules

Table setting is not only the correct arrangement of cutlery, but also its design. The choice of decoration elements and set of dishes primarily depends on the format of the meal (birthday, family dinner, business lunch, wedding, etc.).

But some rules remain unchanged.

The banquet room should be bright, well ventilated and, of course, large enough to accommodate all invited guests.
Dishes and cutlery must be cleanly washed and polished. Be sure to check that there are no water stains left on them.
The table can be of any shape, but its size should be selected taking into account the number of guests. It is optimal if there is 80 cm of table length per person.
The tablecloth should be well ironed, clean and match the size of the table. It is correct if its edges hang down by 30 cm, and the corners cover the legs.
Near each plate in in the right order knives, spoons, forks, and glasses should be placed.
In addition to devices for individual use, auxiliary ones should be present on the table. They are necessary for serving food from common dishes.
The type of devices and location must be the same.
Mismatched sets, chipped corners, bent utensils, and dull knives are not acceptable.

To properly cover a table with a tablecloth at home, first place the folded item on the surface, and then, lifting it by the edges, sharply lower your hands down. Then she will lie perfectly.

Serving order

Whether it's a birthday party or a meal at home with family, according to the rules of etiquette, you need to set the table in a certain order.

The table is covered with a tablecloth.
Plates are placed opposite the chairs.
Then the cutlery is laid out.
Now it’s time for glasses, glasses, glasses.
At the next stage, dishes are placed on the table.
Napkin holders are brought out.
Sets of spices and salt are laid out.
The table is beautifully decorated with flowers, candles or original compositions.

Placement of cutlery

At first glance, it seems that remembering the rules for placing cutlery on the table is very difficult. But in reality they are quite simple and designed for convenience. All cutlery is arranged in order of use, the outer ones are intended for first courses.

So, the basic rules.

The plates are located in the center seat 2 cm from the edge of the table. If several dishes will be served for a birthday or other holiday, then deep dishes can be placed on shallow ones. Bread (pie) plates are placed on left hand, at a distance of approximately 10 cm.
As for spoons, knives and forks, they are laid out around the plate with the tip up (the blade of the knife faces the plate). There are forks on the left side and knives on the right. If dessert is expected, then the soup spoon is placed above the plate; otherwise, on the right hand, next to the knife. For a major holiday, such as a birthday, the set of cutlery should include a small appetizer fork, knife, utensils for fish or other specific dishes (depending on the menu). There should be a distance of 1 cm between the plate and the cutlery.
Drinkware should be on the right hand. If you plan to serve wine and water at the same time, then the drink that is more in harmony with the dish served first is placed closer. The nearest glass, wine glass or glass should be on the line of intersection of the first knife and plate. If there is a handle on the dish, it turns to the right. More than three items per guest is considered unacceptable.

Many people are confused about the rules for placing cutlery on the table, so we suggest you study them visually.

Important details: napkins and sets for spices and seasonings

Napkins are an indispensable part of table setting. There are linen and paper products. The first ones are placed under deep dishes (if there is no snack plate) or on the feet. Paper napkins are placed in a napkin holder at arm's length from guests. Additionally, you can roll them into fancy shapes, such as roses, envelopes, various geometric shapes or boats, animals (for a children's birthday). If the napkins are intended not only for table decoration, then it is important that they unfold easily.

When setting the table, it is important not to forget about the set of spices and seasonings. There must be salt and pepper on it. There is no need to fill the containers to the very brim; it will be enough to pour the seasonings halfway. If the menu contains meat dishes, then it is advisable to put mustard and horseradish on the table.

Setting the table at home

On weekends, the family usually gathers at home in full, and the housewife prepares her favorite delicious dishes, and during the meal there are intimate conversations. This is the best time to add special charm and comfort to breakfast, lunch and dinner with the right table setting. Even at home you can create a festive atmosphere. And if there are children in the family, then this will serve great lesson, how to behave in society, what different cutlery is needed for and how to use it.

Breakfast.

An aesthetic meal in the morning sets the mood for the rest of the day. To serve dishes beautifully, you need to take into account some nuances. The first step is to arrange the snack plates, and then the cups, saucers and spoon. The latter are placed in the middle of the table so that everyone can easily reach them. If eggs are planned for breakfast, they are served in a special stand on a high leg. It should stand on a small saucer, and an egg spoon should be placed on it. The porridge is poured into a deep bowl, which is placed on top of a snack plate. The baked goods are served on a wide platter; butter, honey, jam or jam should also be present. For butter, each participant in the meal is given a small knife. A napkin holder with napkins must be present on the table. It will be beautiful if they are made in the same style as the insulation for the kettle. Don't forget about salt and sugar.

Dinner.

During the day, it is usually customary to serve first and second courses, as well as dessert. Therefore, to properly set the table at home, you will need several more utensils for lunch than for breakfast. For shared dishes you will need auxiliary spoons, spatulas and forks. Broth cups or deep plates are placed at snack bars, and dessert cups are brought at the end, when the first and second courses have already been eaten and the used dishes have been tidied up. Don't forget about knives for meat and fish. But for omelettes, meatballs, zrazas and cutlets, it will be enough to serve forks.

Dinner.

Evening serving for dinner is practically no different from morning. Usually pancakes, pancakes or pie are beautifully served on a common platter. Dessert plates are placed immediately, and dessert forks or spoons are placed on them on the right side. If you want to give dinner a romantic atmosphere, then place candles in candlesticks on the table and next to it.

Festive table setting

For a festive lunch or dinner, you need to take care of decorative elements. It is not only important here traditional rules table setting, but also the combination of colors and the sense of style of the housewife.

So, what should you consider when preparing for the holiday?

Tablecloth and napkins. The color scheme can be any, but it is important that the tablecloth is in harmony with the napkins. You can use universal white, delicate shades of lilac, blue, green. Rich pink, red and burgundy colors will come in handy for a romantic dinner. It is advisable to give the napkins unusual shape or simply roll them into tubes and tie them beautifully with a contrasting satin ribbon.
Crockery, cutlery. The banquet table will be decorated with dishes in the form of non-standard geometric shapes, devices with curved, designer handles. A snow-white porcelain set will look most advantageous. However, if the tablecloth and napkins are also white, you can choose a dinnerware set with a border.
Candles. This decorative element is more appropriate for a wedding or a romantic dinner, but for a birthday it is better to limit yourself to candles on the cake. It should be remembered that the main role is played by the candlestick. It can be tall and thin, or the candles can float in flat bowls filled with water and flower petals.
Flowers. When decorating a table with flowers, it is important to choose the right vases. It is better to leave the tall ones for bouquets given to the birthday person. For serving, low vases that will not block the view for guests are more suitable. You should also take care of the moderate aroma of flowers; it should not mix with the smell of dishes or interrupt it.
Original compositions. Various fruit towers will look beautiful on the holiday table. Depending on the time of year, you can create decorations from spruce branches, cones, rowan berries, sea stones, sand, etc. Such compositions can then be placed at home. Handmade decorative items are at the peak of fashion.
Setting the children's table. For a birthday party for young guests, it is better to choose plastic dishes and limit yourself to safe utensils without sharp ends. A multi-colored tablecloth with cartoon and fairy tale characters is more suitable. You can add small gifts to the napkins folded into a fancy shape. If it’s a little princess’s birthday, then the table can be decorated with flowers. However, there should not be too many of them; it is better to limit them altogether balloons and paper garlands. Don’t forget to prepare signs with the names of little guests at each seating area; this will help avoid confusion at the party.

A properly and beautifully served festive table will make an unforgettable impression on your guests. And it’s not even a matter of etiquette - it’s always nice when order reigns at home, and a special atmosphere of comfort is in the air. Therefore, it is very important that a woman knows how to set the table correctly, knows all the rules of decoration and strictly follows them.

Compliance with table setting etiquette primarily indicates good attitude the owner of the house to the guests. However, in Lately you can find a properly set table only at various kinds official events, banquets or buffets. You need to please your loved ones on ordinary days, creating a festive atmosphere with the help of colorful decorations. In this article we will talk about the basic rules of table setting, various directions and interesting ways decoration.

Table etiquette or how to properly set the table

If you are invited to a dinner party for the first time, the number of cutlery and their order can be confusing. A well-organized festive dinner is proper serving cutlery on the table, compliance with table etiquette and decoration appropriate for the event. To learn how to use cutlery correctly, you need to understand a few points.

Rule No. 1: forks, spoons, knives are placed in the order in which dishes are served (appetizers, soup, meat or fish, fruit, dessert). Each item on the table plays its role.

General rules for table setting suggest the following tableware arrangement patterns:

a snack plate is placed in front of the guest;
on the left is a cake plate or paper napkin with additional cutlery;
on the right are knives and spoons, and on the left are forks;
Wine glasses and glasses, as well as dessert cutlery, are placed in front of the main plate;
There is a napkin on the appetizer plate.

Rule No. 2: serving items should be used for their intended purpose. The utensils located on the right side are taken and held while eating in the right hand, and those located on the left - with the left hand.

The question of how to use a knife deserves special attention. It is necessary that the end of the handle rests in the palm of the right hand, the thumb and middle fingers clasp the base of the knife from the side, and the index finger lies on the surface of the handle. This will make it more convenient for you to cut off the desired piece of meat or fish, and you won’t have to blush in front of strangers.

Rule No. 3: table decoration involves the use of all kinds of decorative elements: a white ironed tablecloth, lace napkins, colorful runners and fragrant flowers.

To better understand the principle of table etiquette, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the video material presented below. You will learn a lot of useful things and forget about the problem forever misuse cutlery.

On video: serving and serving rules.

Scheme and sequence

There is no single correct option for setting the table, because each country has different traditions regarding this issue. Much also depends on the menu, the number of dishes and their focus. Do not forget that depending on the time of day, the design of the kitchen or dining room can vary greatly.

It is customary to set the table according to the following order: tablecloth, dishes and cutlery, wine glasses, glasses, glasses, napkins, decor.

Let's start with the tablecloth - it should be perfectly ironed and match the nature of the event. So, for a dinner party, models in neutral shades are suitable, and for Sunday tomorrow with the family, there is nothing better than a bright tablecloth and napkins with unusual drawings. Average length of this product is 25 cm. This figure is far from accidental - an excessively large descent of the tablecloth will look sloppy, and a small one will look awkward.

The smoothed fabric should cover the entire surface, and the corners should fall against the table legs, covering them evenly.

Choose a tablecloth that is the right size

Next comes the arrangement of dishes and cutlery. In a number European countries, and in Russia too, it is customary to first exhibit porcelain and glass plates, saucers, wine glasses and glasses. When setting the table, it is important to consider that all items will change depending on how the dishes are served. That is why it is better to place dishes and cutlery at a distance of 1 cm from each other, starting from the edge of the table.

Selection and placement of tablecloths and runners

Every housewife keeps an elegant white tablecloth in her closet. However, you should not limit yourself to just one model; now stores offer a wide selection of products of various sizes, colors and styles. For rectangular tables, tablecloths 50 cm longer than the tabletop are suitable, and for round or oval tables - 100 cm wider than the diameter of the table.

Designers insist that the color of the tablecloth be combined with the shade of the curtains and the overall style of the room. The main thing is to iron the fabric well, and the choice of colors depends only on the preferences of the residents of the house. You can choose a traditional beige or white bed, or choose a more custom option.

Another new way to decorate a table is to use plain table runners and placemats. You can see examples of such decoration in the photo below.

Plates placement

First, deep, wooden or salad plates are placed on napkins or special tracks. Not far from them are tea utensils and dishes for desserts. The distance from the edge of the table to the dishes should be about 1.5-2 cm. It is also recommended to place a paper napkin under the appetizer plate so that it does not slide on the tablecloth.

Next in order is the layout of the cutlery. According to the rules of etiquette, they are laid out according to the number of courses, placed reverse side to the table. On the right are spoons and knives, on the left are forks. In most cases, there is one set of cutlery for each person.

If you want to amaze your guests, you can additionally set the table with bright glasses, glasses, special forks, tea and dessert spoons.

Serving glasses, glasses, wine glasses

The plates are followed by glasses - they are arranged from largest to smallest. The choice of items depends on the guests' preferences regarding certain drinks. These can be glasses for water, glasses for white or red wine, glasses for juice, as well as glasses for strong drinks.

Glasses are located on the right, glasses on the left, forming straight line. It is allowed to arrange dishes and cutlery in two rows if there are a large number of participants in the event.

Before serving glasses on the table, make sure the dishes are clean. All items must be thoroughly washed, wiped with a towel and made sure there are no chips or other defects.

Selecting and serving napkins

Classic table setting involves the use of plain napkins in neutral shades. As with the arrangement of cutlery, there are no clear rules for the placement of napkins. They can be beautifully stacked next to a snack plate (designed for bread, tarts and salads) or placed in a water glass, decorated with decorative rings and ribbons.

If you're setting the table for dinner, simply place napkins on the side of each plate, as shown below.

On video: how to properly set the table.

Table decor (finishing)

An excellent table decor option is a tablecloth made from synthetic material. This solution is suitable for both home gatherings and a festive dinner, the main thing is to choose the right color. It is easy to care for such a tablecloth - it does not wrinkle, does not wear out and retains its original appearance for a long time. appearance. As an addition, fabric napkins, plates, and lace runners are used.

To make your living room interior elegant, cozy and unforgettable, place a bouquet of fresh flowers, a bowl of fruit, an antique sugar bowl and crystal glasses on the table.

Cutlery in a modern style is distinguished by a variety of shapes, shades and its own unique functional features.

Types of serving

The table decoration may vary depending on the time of day and the nature of the festive dinner. In this case, banquet, buffet, tea and coffee serving are distinguished. However, certain differences exist. Breakfast requires a minimum number of dishes to serve the table, and during dinner there is always a large number of dishes and cutlery on the table.

For breakfast (+ Sunday breakfast)

This is the simplest type of table setting. Snack plates are placed first, then cups, glasses and small saucers. A teaspoon is placed on top of the latter. If your family uses egg cups or butter bowls, don't forget a teaspoon. A deep bowl (for porridge or cereal) is placed on a snack plate.

Sunday breakfast cannot be imagined without tea, which is why there is a coffee pot or teapot in the center.

You can decorate the table with flowers, unusual napkins and various decorative elements. Family Sunday breakfasts are becoming a good tradition in many homes; they bring loved ones closer to each other. The key point in setting the table for breakfast is the creation good mood and convenience while eating.

Dining

There are several types of table settings for dinner. It all depends on the number of dishes and their nature. Cover the table with a white tablecloth, place one flat and one deep plate (for soup or salad). If there are dishes on the menu that cannot be eaten from shared dishes, add a snack plate. Arrange cutlery according to proper etiquette. Beautifully folded napkins are perfect for table decoration.

A distinctive feature of the table setting for dinner is the installation of a salt shaker and other items for spices and seasonings.

Full evening

You can set the table not only for family members, relatives or friends, but also for unfamiliar guests. Preliminary serving in accordance with all the canons is the key to the success of any dinner party, because everyone should be comfortable and comfortable. The table decor creates a special atmosphere that is conducive to heartfelt conversations, wonderful memories and plans for the future.

For the holiday to be a success, it is necessary to observe following rules table etiquette:

A perfectly clean, ironed tablecloth. It is advisable that the product be made of thick fabric (this will prevent the dishes from clinking when dropped and protect the surface from spilled liquid).
To decorate a festive table, it is not acceptable to use different color scheme dishes and cutlery. Give preference to monochromatic options from one set. All decorative elements (vases, coasters, napkin rings) should be sparkling clean, the same goes for dishes.
It is prohibited to serve corked bottles of champagne or wine. All alcoholic drinks served in open bottles, after which they are poured into wine glasses. One cloth napkin is placed next to the glasses.

Banquet room

Banquet service is not much different from full evening service, but there are some peculiarities of this type registration So, shallow plates are placed at a distance of 1 cm from each other, starting from the center, first on one side, then on the other. They should be clearly opposite one another. Snack and pie saucers are placed on these plates. Next stage– placement of cutlery at a distance of 0.5 cm from a shallow plate.

A distinctive feature of the banquet is the decoration of the table with special personalized cards, which indicate personal information event participant. They are located to the left of the wine glasses.

Buffet room

Buffet table setting is becoming increasingly popular; it is used at private parties, official events and during informal communication between business partners. There are two options: one-sided and two-sided serving. Each has its own distinctive features. In the first case, the table is decorated only on one side and is placed near the wall. The second one is usually used at corporate events, weddings and anniversaries.

Serving is done on both sides in accordance with a special scheme. The main thing is that you can take the dish without making much effort (that’s why the table occupies the entire central part of the room).

When serving a buffet, it is especially important to maintain equal intervals between cutlery and other items. They begin to set the table by arranging glass and crystal dishes, after which vases with flowers and bottles of alcoholic beverages are placed in the center of the table.

The labels on the bottles should be facing the same direction. IN certain situations(when there are many guests) a separate table is allocated for drinks and snacks.

Coffee shop

The nature and basic provisions of coffee etiquette directly depend on the drinks chosen. It can be Turkish coffee, classic coffee, Italian expresso. Stronger drinks prepared on the stove are served in porcelain cups from one set. A geyser coffee maker can help you create the perfect coffee drink - this is an ancient secret of the peoples of the East.

When pouring coffee, make sure that the cups are only two-thirds full (this allows guests to add a little milk or cream).

Coffee table setting includes three elements - a saucer, a cup and a teaspoon. Additional items include a dessert plate that can hold cakes, and cutlery for fruit or sweets. The arrangement of dishes should begin with desserts. When all the guests have arrived, you can start preparing drinks.

Teahouse

If each guest is assigned a certain place at the table, then the basis for serving is the principle that a cup and saucer with the necessary list of cutlery and a small plate for desserts are placed in front of each participant in the tea party. The main dish is located in the center of the table. This could be a bowl of pastries, a cake, an apple pie, a bowl of fruit.

Particular attention is paid to the decor; all elements must be evenly spaced around the perimeter of the table. It is customary to leave the teapot and the kettle with boiling water on the edge. In the case of a samovar, it is placed clearly in the center.

When inviting friends for tea, make sure that you have enough tea sets (it is better if there are 1-2 more than the expected guests).

In conclusion, it is worth adding that table setting is, first of all, an individual design of the surrounding space. Don't limit yourself to just one arrangement of objects; show your imagination and decorate the table with incredible decor and fresh flowers. Informal creativity and adherence to the classic rules of dining etiquette are the key to a successful festive dinner, Sunday morning and friendly gatherings with friends over a cup of aromatic coffee.

10 etiquette secrets from aristocrats (1 video)

Table setting

Background

Table setting. This is a very difficult task. Once upon a time it served as a sign of coming from a difficult family. A symbol of a beautiful life, which gradually spread to ordinary houses. In some places it is still one of the important qualities of a hospitable and decent home. And who would refuse a beautifully decorated banquet? Thus, table setting is quite necessary thing if you want to impress your guests.

What was it like in the Middle Ages? Especially in the early Middle Ages? In fact, they didn’t know about table setting back then. Yes, they ate in a certain order, drank wine, lit candles and fireplaces. But how far the medieval feast was from the modern holiday is impossible to describe. We ate with our hands. They drank from rough goblets. If there were dishes, as a rule? it was made of clay or wood and rather rough. And then they ate from the recesses in the table. In addition, a major feast usually ended in a major drinking session. We slept side by side. The sewage could have just been poured nearby. Although this would be too much for the Middle Ages. In short, at the beginning of the Middle Ages little was known about customary manners. It was the wrong time and the wrong morals. And life is not so simple, but much more saturated with dangers. And in drunken fights at the table, they tried to avoid killings, otherwise all the feasters could be brought to justice. But, if there were more than seven guests, then it was possible to avoid responsibility, as this would border on the loss of noble persons, who often die in battles and tournaments, in duels and in confrontation with robbers. Not out of nobility, but in the Middle Ages there were enough people who preferred illegal and very bloody fishing.

Medieval decoration was ascetic. Dresses are much simpler. Even the ladies were far from the image of Madame Pompadour, for a completely objective reason - etiquette was just being formed at that time, and old traditions were partly being revived. Charles, nicknamed the Great, turned the feast into a ritual. He decided to revive the ancient traditions of the Romans and Greeks. During meals, he preferred to either listen to music or invite readers to read aloud. At the table there were servants, a manager and a steward. The hall was decorated. Carpets, candles, animal skins, simple furniture such as tables, benches - everything was ready for the holiday on demand. Spoons were not particularly popular, so they ate meat from knives and gold utensils. We drank wine. Dancers, singers, jesters entertained the guests. The owner himself usually did not skimp on gifts.

Since the 11th century, the presence of women as guests at a feast became acceptable, which contributed to a more civilized behavior of the guests. They began to use one dish and cup for two. The rule of not rushing in eating and drinking was added to etiquette. Do not wipe oily hands and cutlery on party clothes. It was possible, however, to absolutely freely use the edge of the tablecloth as a napkin. A salt shaker was added to the festive table. However, it was more often a rather guarded object. It was believed that poison could be added to salt, so the salt shaker was rarely used. In the 16th century, Europeans began to use knives and spoons. Later a fork was added, which was borrowed from the Venetians. The Venetians used a fork for eating, since the fruits were juicy, they should not stain their clothes - so they invented the fork for this purpose. But the conversation about the fork was not over. In France it was considered a normal five-fingered fork, quite short for that time. The clergy advocated for the restoration of the feasts of the past. Tablecloths and napkins firmly entered into everyday life, becoming commonplace for large feasts of the nobility. Gradually moving to small feudal lords. Yes, and to the people. Tureens and dishes made of silver and tin appeared. Porcelain was still expensive. It was supplied from China. Noble people could afford a lot. But porcelain was very expensive even for them. Therefore, the assumption arose that it would be nice to produce porcelain directly in Europe. Duke Ehrenfried Walter succeeded in this with his assistant Joachim Friedrich in 1707. Red clay and kaolin were used. Thus, the long-awaited invention of porcelain reached Europe.
1710 A porcelain manufactory arose in Meissen. But it was not possible to maintain the monopoly for long. The method of making porcelain is no longer a secret.
In 1781, England began to mass produce porcelain products. Coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate - all this gave rise to special utensils for consumption.
In the 19th century. In Germany and Austria, a special Biedermeier style emerges. More precisely, it dates from 1818-1848. The round table is like the center of the salon. It is customary to decorate the table with a vase of flowers. Green decorations from ferns to palms take their place as part of the table setting.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the culture of feasts improved, lunch became shorter, and table speeches became fashionable. A variety of cutlery has been introduced. Myself table etiquette become more diverse. Many cutlery is based on materials such as nickel, bronze, silver and gold - however, nickel silver and cupronickel remain. The napkins are folded in a certain way for greater aesthetics.
1855 Gas lighting appeared in America. Already in 1860, kerosene lamps occupied their niche. A little later they are replaced by incandescent lamps.
The current century combines the rationalization of work and time. After World War II, food and food culture are not Europeanized, but Americanized to a greater extent. Many rituals are abolished and simplified. Instead of round table- buffet table. All kinds of fast foods have firmly occupied their niche. For better or worse, simplifying food has not always been a qualitative success. The quantity was increasing. However, to this day there are connoisseurs and representatives of high society who prefer the old traditions in table setting. It's your choice what to use.

A few tips on setting the table and serving dishes correctly

1. The festive table must be covered with a cloth tablecloth, but if this is an ordinary family meal, then you can use oilcloth and small napkins (including paper ones).

2. Plates should be placed at a distance of 2 cm from the edge of the table.

3. Place the cutlery on the right side of the plates in such an order that the one that will be used first is the one on the far right. For those placed on the left, the leftmost one should be first.

4. The knife should be placed with the blade towards the plate, and the fork and spoon with the concave side up.

5. Place a glass for drinks in front of the knife edge, and a salad bowl to the left of the plate.

6. Place the folded napkin to the left of the plate or on the plate.

7. Salt shakers should be located close to each appliance, so it is recommended to place them on big table several small salt shakers.

8. The table can be decorated with low bouquets in small vases (the flowers should be alive and not crumbling).

9. When food is served, the dish is brought from the left side, holding it with the left hand, and the used dishes are collected from the right side (you cannot place the plates one on top of the other directly with the cutlery placed on them - then everything on the tray can crumble).

10. Drinks are poured from the right side, holding the bottle or jug right hand, into a glass standing on the table.

11. The soup is served in a soup bowl with a spoon, which is used to pour it, and the broth is served in special cups and eaten with a dessert spoon (average in size between a soup spoon and a tea spoon)

12. The hot appetizer is served on the dish in which it was prepared.

13. The meat is served cut into beautiful slices with a simply decorated side dish, salad or vegetables.

14. Fish, if it is not portioned, is served on a platter with a fork and spoon or spatula.

15. The butter is served on a dessert plate and small knife to it, and to the sliced cheese - a knife and spatula.

16. Bread is served on the table in slices in a basket with a napkin placed under it.
A set table should evoke appetite, not only at the beginning, but throughout the entire meal. Therefore, you need to make sure that the table is in order at all times, that empty dishes, dirty plates and cutlery are removed on time. You should also remove anything that is not needed for the next dish, such as the salt shaker before dessert.

WITH table setting for tea or coffee

When setting such a table, they use a coffee or tea set. For each guest, plates are placed under the pastry or cake a few centimeters from the edge of the table. On the right side, at a slight angle from the plate, a cup (handle on the right, parallel to the edge of the table) with a saucer is placed. The teaspoon is placed on the saucer behind the cup with the handle facing to the right. The cake fork or spoon should be to the right of the plate. If sandwiches, snack cakes, and savory pies are served during a coffee feast, then a dessert plate is placed for each guest, a fork for snacks is placed to the left of it, a fork for the cake is placed to the right, and a knife for snacks is placed behind it. Very often “evening tea” replaces light dinner. Then you can not just serve tea in cups, but place a samovar or kettle next to the hostess, and she will pour the tea herself. Vases with jam and sweets are placed in the center of the table, next to them are rusks with cookies, plates with thinly sliced lemon, carafes of juice, liqueurs, cream, and milk. You can serve dessert wine, cold meat, ham, etc.

WITH
Setting for an informal dinner with friends

First, set out a dinner plate on which you can put a napkin. On the left are a dinner fork and a salad fork, on the right are a dinner knife, a teaspoon and a soup spoon, in front of them are a wine glass and a water glass.

Serving for a formal dinner, for a large number of guests

ABOUT
Focusing on the center of the table, we place the central, first plate, on the right and left sides of which we will place the remaining items. Stepping back from the edge of the table 2-3 cm, place the dinner plates, then the snack plates on them. The distance between the plates of people sitting next to them should be 70-80 cm. To the left of the plate, place 2 forks - a large dinner fork and a smaller salad fork, with the horns facing up. There is a napkin behind the forks. The napkin can be on the right side, if there is no space on the left, the napkins can be placed in a fan, cap, or triangle on the salad plate. To the right of the plates are located: a dinner knife with the tip inward, the next one is a teaspoon, and the next one is a soup spoon. Next to the right is a cup and saucer (usually they are not placed on the table until dessert is announced). Glasses are placed higher on the right - at the very top for water, then for red wine, the last one for white. We place a cake fork and a dessert spoon in front of the plate, and a plate and a bread knife to the left in front of the forks and napkin. And before the whole set there is a card with the name of the guest.

Napkins

Napkins for table setting

A napkin (French “serviette”) is a handkerchief or soft piece of paper intended for wiping lips and hands during and after meals. The ancient Romans used it at the table. Nowadays, both paper and linen napkins are widely used.

D
To set a festive table, as a rule, linen napkins of the same color as the tablecloth are used. They should be well ironed and slightly starched. In order for napkins to look beautiful on the table, you need to learn how to fold them correctly and beautifully.

The simplest ways to fold napkins: in a triangle (Fig. 1, A), envelope (Fig. 1, b), rocket (Fig. 1, V), cone (Fig. 1, d), pipe (Fig. 1, e), pocket (Fig. 1, e).

Rice. 1. Methods for folding napkins

P
Let's get acquainted with a more complex method of folding napkins for the holiday table. Fold the napkin in half; the resulting half is folded again to form a square, which is then folded diagonally to form a triangle. Then fold its left and right corners and secure it as shown in Figure 2, A.

Rice. 2. Folding napkins for the holiday table

To diversify this method somewhat, bend the half obtained by folding the triangle forward, the left and right corners inward (Fig. 2, b).

A linen napkin can be shaped into a candle. First, it is folded into a square, which is then bent obliquely, then bent from the edge about 5 cm, rolled into a tube and its edges are secured (Fig. 2, c).

To liven up the table, you can put a fresh flower or a sprig of spruce or pine on each napkin.

For the everyday table, instead of fabric napkins, paper napkins are used, which are more economical. They can also be folded into a variety of fancy shapes.

Here, for example, is how to make a “peacock tail”. Two different sizes The napkins must be placed one on top of the other, folded into an “accordion” shape, bent in half and placed in a glass (Fig. 2, d).

You can make a “double candle” using two different sizes and colors of paper napkins. The napkins are placed one on top of the other, folded so that the small one is on the outside, and rolled (Fig. 2, d).

There are other more complex ways folding napkins. Paper napkins can be shaped into different shapes and patterns. To do this, fold it 4-5 times and cut out the edges with scissors, then make punctures in the form of patterns with an awl. The napkin will look much more beautiful.

Students should also be taught how to correctly and beautifully place napkins on the table. A folded napkin is placed near the device, you can put it on pie plate. Napkins look beautiful when inserted in a cone into tall glasses, glasses, or placed in wicker, knitted, wooden, or metal rings.

Paper napkins are also used for serving baked goods. Pans with various portioned dishes (omelet, scrambled eggs) are also placed on them.

The sight of a beautifully and neatly set table arouses appetite, promotes better secretion of gastric juice and digestibility of food.

LANGUAGE OF CUTLERY

A well-mannered lady will never pick her teeth with a fork or put food into her mouth with a knife. Because he knows: with the help of cutlery, you can either eat culturally... or communicate with the waiter in the language of cutlery that he understands.

1. If you want to take a break from eating, place the knife and fork on the plate crosswise: the tines of the fork are facing down, the knife lies under the fork. This way the waiter will understand that it is too early to clear your plate. The position when the knife and fork lie on the edges of the plate has the same meaning; fork - tines down.

2. In the orderly rows of “piece of iron” canteens, as it turned out, there are individual owners: seafood cutlery, soup spoons, tea spoons and coffee spoons are invariably salted. As you can see in the picture, there are pairs of utensils for the second main hot course, snack bars and fish forks and knives, as well as a fork and spoon for spaghetti. Snail tweezers and a snail fork can also work together, but instead of a special thin one, a regular small snack fork can be used.

H. If you don’t like the dish and you want your plate to be removed, place the device crosswise. In this case, the fork should lie with its teeth up, and the knife should be on it.

4. You really liked the dish and would like to try another portion - then place the knife and fork crosswise: the tines of the fork are facing up, and the knife lies under the fork.

5. You can signal the end of the meal to the staff by placing the fork and knife parallel to each other so that their handles, like the hands of a round clock, point to “half past six.”