| FOUNDATION: | |
| crushed stone: | |
| 6.8 m³ x 1900 RUR/m³ | 12920 rub. |
| concrete M200: | |
| 5.2 m³ x 4200 RUR/m³ | 21840 rub. |
| concrete M200: | |
| 22.7 m³ x 4200 RUR/m³ | 95340 rub. |
| rod fittings Ø10, 12, 14 AIII: | |
| 1.5 t x 37,500 rub./ton | 56250 rub. |
| blocks foundation FBS 24-3-6 : | |
| 36 pcs. x 2360 rub./pcs. | 84960 rub. |
| cement-sand mixture: | |
| 1 m³ x 2700 RUR/m³ | 2700 rub. |
| softwood board for formwork: | |
| 1.1 m³ x 6500 RUR/m³ | 7150 rub. |
| roofing felt RKK-350: | |
| 3 rolls x 315 RUR/roll (10m²) | 945 rub. |
| TOTAL: by foundation | 282105 rub. |
| COVERS: | |
| wooden beams 150x50; 170x100; 150x100: | |
| 2.6 m³ x 7000 RUR/m³ | 18200 rub. |
| Knauf plasterboard slabs (2500x1200x10): | |
| 16 pcs. x 260 rub./pcs. | 4160 rub. |
| metal profile with fasteners: | |
| 132.5 l.m x 51 rub./l.m | 6758 rub. |
| mineral wool insulation (Rockwool): | |
| 11.4 m³ x 3700 RUR/m³ | 42180 rub. |
| : | |
| 110 m² x 68 RUR/m² | 7480 rub. |
| polyethylene vapor barrier film: | |
| 110 m² x 11 RUR/m² | 1210 rub. |
| plywood sheets FC 1525x1525x18: | |
| 0.8 m³ x 19,000 rub./m³ | 15200 rub. |
| subfloor board: | |
| 0.9 m³ x 6500 RUR/m³ | 5850 rub. |
| TOTAL: by floors | 101038 rub. |
| ROOF: | |
| pine beams (150x50mm): | |
| 2.4 m³ x 7000 RUR/m³ | 16800 rub. |
| wood-protective composition: | |
| 35 l x 75 rub./liter | 2625 rub. |
| waterproofing film (Tyvek Soft): | |
| 107 m² x 68 RUR/m² | 7276 rub. |
| profiled sheets SINS 35–1000: | |
| 102 m² x 347 RUR/m² | RUB 35,394 |
| self-tapping screws with washer EPDM 4.8x35: | |
| 4 packs x 550 rub./pack (250 pcs.) | 2200 rub. |
| ridge profile (2000mm): | |
| 5 pieces. x 563 rub./pcs. | 2815 rub. |
| sheathing board 100x25mm: | |
| 0.6 m³ x 7000 RUR/m³ | 4200 rub. |
10:0,0,0,260;0,290,260,260;290,290,260,0;290,0,0,0|5:171,171,0,260;0,171,111,111;171,290,160,160|1134:220,160|1334:146,39;146,122|2255:0,155|2155:65,0;65,260;206,260|2422:290,50;290,99|1934:211,-20
RUB 747,553.0
Only for the Moscow region!
Calculation of the cost of work
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Example of 8x7 m layout for calculation |
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1.
Wooden beam 150x150mm; 2. slab mineral insulation d=100mm; 3. Plastic siding; 4. Ventilation gap d=20-50mm; 7. Floor beams d=150-250mm; 8. Roof made of corrugated sheets; 9. Monolithic foundation concrete slab and prefabricated blocks h=1.8m; |
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Timber-timber wall finished with siding panels and interlayer thermal insulation
Timber-beam wall
The high popularity of timber and log construction among our fellow citizens is predetermined by the traditional nature, accessibility and healing aura of forest house construction.
The features of a wooden dwelling have been proven to normalize the level of humidity within 45-55%, saturate the premises with fintocides, and also have a pacifying effect on the psyche of people.
It is worth noting that recently there has undoubtedly been a growing interest in molded materials, in particular in prefabricated glued lumber material, which is characterized, in comparison with non-glued solids, by increased (due to adhesive joints) heat-saving and strength properties, as well as significantly lower shrinkage. Without a doubt, the disadvantage that slows down the mass use of laminated veneer lumber is its significant price, which, however, is more than justified by its long service life.
In construction warehouses it is possible to see timber products of standard sizes 140x140, 100x100, 120x120, 150x150, 180x180, 200x150, 150x100, of which the most used size is 150x150 mm, since it has an optimal balance of structural characteristics and low cost, as well as the complexity of installation , expressed by the number of sealed interrow joints.
Standard diagram for assembling a house made of timber:
- First, on the foundation, covered with a waterproof film, along the contours of the walls, a lower row of timber is installed, which is connected by a tenon insert at the corners and at the joining points of the internal partitions.
- In order to join the logs together, dowels are used - round oak or birch dowels with a diameter of 3.0-4.0 cm, which are installed effortlessly into holes made through three rows of beams, every 0.3÷0.4 m. Quite often, dowels are replaced with large nails (25÷30 cm), with the obligatory execution of a groove in the upper log, 30...40 mm deep, into which the nail is placed, to compensate for the linear compression of the lumber during shrinkage.
- So that during the shrinkage process wooden house windows and doors are not deformed, door and light openings are framed in vertical areas with “casing” - profile posts. In this case, a U-shaped tenon is cut out at the ends of the rows of timber, along which the mentioned timber profiles move, due to the corresponding recess. Above windows and doors, technological gaps are arranged and filled with fiberglass or felt insulation.
- When erecting walls, log rows are laid with a seam seal (flax batting, hemp, jute, flax jute, felt, tow), which after 9-12 months (or when the water content of the log house reaches 12-15%) will have to be caulked again to minimize heat loss through inter-beam joints.
- When choosing interior decoration seasonal deformations of timber-log walls should be taken into account and, when installing inelastic cladding (for example, plasterboard sheets), avoid direct connections with timber wall, by adding suspended buffer frame structures.
Siding cladding
If all-season residence is planned, the log cottage should also be covered with thermal insulation. As a rule, wooden logs with dimensions of 100x50 mm are attached from the outside, in a vertical position, at intervals of 400-600 mm, between which insulation is laid (for example, type: P-175, Ursa, Izomin, P-125, Knauf, Rockwool, PPZH -200, Isover, Izorok), after which a hydro- and windproof film (Izospan, Yutavek, Tyvek) is laid, secured with a counter-lattice, 25÷50 mm thick, on which a decorative false wall is attached (painted lining, DSP panels or plastic siding) .
Due to the fact that the vinyl siding profile changes quite a lot linear dimensions When the temperature fluctuates, you need to use loose fastening of vinyl plates.
Today, manufacturers of plastic siding (for example, brands: Nordside, Varitek, Georgia Pacific, Docke, Vytec, Snowbird, Tecos, Ortho, FineBer, Gentek, Mitten, AltaProfil, Holzplast) offer a rich color palette, giving any home the opportunity to look different from the rest.
It is important to consider that PVC siding can retain its attractive appearance and last a long time only if the installation instructions are followed punctually.
PVC siding is resistant to chemical, atmospheric, mechanical factors, is not subject to corrosion, and does not support combustion.
In a fire, a polyvinyl chloride profile only melts, igniting when heated to at least 390°C (and wood is already at 230-260°C), soon extinguishing when the source of heating is removed, and the volume of carcinogenic heating products is no more than during smoldering of wooden structures.
Basic technological rules for fastening PVC siding:
- When hanging the next siding strip, snap it onto the locking protrusion with the underlying strip and, without pulling it, secure it with screws;
- In order to disguise seams, hanging vinyl panels it is better to do it starting from the rear wall of the building, moving to the front wall, and each subsequent siding strip will cover the one already installed in the row being performed, by about 2.5...3 cm, for the same purpose, the resulting joints, for adjacent rows, need to be shifted horizontally.
- The mounted siding plates should move easily left and right; to do this, do not tighten the screws in the mounting slots all the way.
- In places where external communications are carried out (wires, brackets, cables, pipes), as well as at connection points plastic panel and accessories (H-profile, internal corner, external corner, platband, etc.), it is necessary to provide cuttings of about a centimeter to ensure thermal contractions or expansions of PVC siding.
- In order not to interfere with thermal ties and stretching and, thus, not to provoke point bending of the PVC material, screw self-tapping screws or nail nails into the siding profile should be in the center of the finished factory holes.
- Vinyl profiles are fastened from the bottom up, according to the instructions; first, a special starting profile is installed.
Slab reinforced concrete foundation with block prefabricated tape
The slab-side base is arranged around the perimeter external walls buildings in the form of a solid reinforced concrete slab on which standard concrete blocks are placed.
The type of foundation under consideration is practiced in low-rise buildings to form the basement level of a house, on unstable lands, provided low level groundwater. In waterlogged areas, the side walls of the foundation should be made in the form of a continuous reinforced concrete strip, using waterproof coatings: gluing, coating, impregnation.
Along with this, the prefabricated block system of vertical foundation walls, according to the already finished reinforced concrete slab, is optimal for fast construction rates, as well as for the production of a “zero” cycle during the cold period.
The standard sequence for making a single-slab foundation with side parts in the form of a prefabricated reinforced concrete strip:
- First of all, the earth is dug out to the designed depth.
- Crushed stone, 40/60 in size, 150-200 mm thick, is poured onto the resulting base and compacted thoroughly.
- Sand-cement filling is carried out, 50 mm thick.
- A waterproof film is spread with an extension of 180-200 cm along the edges for lateral waterproofing of the sides of the foundation base.
- To protect the moisture-proofing layer from possible ruptures during welding of the reinforcement structure, a second layer of cement mortar, 40 mm thick, along the perimeter of which formwork is placed at the height of the foundation slab.
- The formed slab is reinforced with two rows of welded iron rods with a diameter of Ø14, type AII, with a pitch of 20x20 cm.
- For slab foundations, only ready-made concrete, grade M300, class B22.5, transported by a concrete mixer, is allowed.
- The duration of concrete hardening (when it is already permissible to install a perimeter from FBS blocks) is at least 4 weeks in warm weather.
- The installation of wall blocks is carried out relative to the axial lines, along two mutually perpendicular walls, controlling the alignment with the theodolite. The prefabricated blocks are guided by a truck crane onto a “bed” of mortar.
- It is more correct to begin installation by laying beacon blocks at the intersections of axes and in the corners of the building. You should start arranging linear blocks only after checking the position of the reference blocks along the horizon and level.
- By last row FBS blocks, in board formwork, are produced with reinforced reinforced mortar screed, 250 mm high.
Beam-wood floor
Floors made of wooden beams are traditionally popular in dacha construction, due to the convenience and cost-effectiveness of their manufacture.
Wood is traditionally used for joists coniferous species(for example: spruce, larch, pine), with a moisture content of no more than 14%. It is known that the strongest beam is a block with an aspect ratio of seven to five (for example, 0.14x0.10 m).
When calculating lumber for flooring, it is necessary to be guided by special tables that take into account the dependence of the parameters of the beam structure on the span size and load; or you can start from the simplified rule that the width of the beam should be about 0.042 of the width of the room, and the thickness - 5÷10 cm, with a laying step of beam boards of 50 - 100 cm and a load of 150 kgf/m².
If there is a shortage of lags of sufficient size, it is permissible to use bolted boards, while leaving the overall size unchanged.
Characteristic moments of installing a beam-and-timber floor:
- in wooden log houses, the edges of the beams are hemmed in the shape of a funnel, and then driven into finished opening the upper crown to the entire depth of the wall.
- The lag is installed in the following sequence: first the first and last, and then, with control by the bubble level, all the remaining ones. The beams should be placed on the wall structure by at least 15-20 cm.
- To avoid possible damage by rot, which may occur during diffusion of steam in a masonry niche, the ends of the beam boards are sawed off at an angle of about 60°, coated with an antiseptic solution (Biosept, KSD, Teknos, Senezh, Pinotex, Cofadex, Tikkurila, Biofa, Aquatex, Holzplast , Tex, Kartotsid, Dulux) and cover with roofing felt, keeping the end open.
- The beam beams are set back from the wall by at least 5 cm, and the distance between the beams and the smoke duct must be at least 40 cm.
- Typically, in brick structures, the edges of the beams are located in the masonry openings in which moisture condenses; for this reason, between the end parts of the beams and the masonry, space is left for ventilation, and if the groove depth is significant, another layer of thermal insulation is installed.
The interfloor ceiling is not insulated, basement floor thermally insulated with the installation of a vapor barrier membrane on top of the thermal protection, and the ceiling top level thermally insulated with a vapor-tight layer on the bottom of the insulation.
Since the problem of structural reliability of wood-beam inter-level floors is mainly removed by obviously increasing the cross-section of the joists and their number, then with fire resistance and noise insulation everything does not look so clear.
One of the options for increasing the sound insulation and fire retardant parameters of wood beams interfloor ceilings consists of the following points:
- From the bottom of the load-bearing logs, at an angle of 90 degrees, with the help of spring brackets, after 0.30-0.40 m, metal profiles are fixed - sheathing, on which gypsum fiber boards are suspended from below.
- A synthetic film is spread over the manufactured lattice structure and stapled to the beams, onto which slab mineral fiber insulation is tightly laid out, for example: Isover, Isorok, Knauf, Ursa, Isomin, Rockwool, in a layer of 5 centimeters, with a rise to the vertical surfaces of the floor beams.
- In upper-level rooms they are screwed onto the beams with self-tapping screws chipboard sheets(16÷25 mm), after this, a high-density basalt fiber sound insulator (2.5...3.0 cm), and again, plywood slabs are laid to prepare the floor.
Corrugated roof
Corrugated sheet material consists of sheets of molded metal of a trapezoidal shape, painted with a zinc layer, which are marked with symbols such as B-45, NS44, NS35, MP-35, H57, H44, H60, NS18, S-21, where the numbers indicate the size of the profile section.
The main advantages of a corrugated roof, in comparison with metal tiles, are the minimum costs and speed of implementation.
To decorate the roof, corrugated sheeting with a corrugation amplitude of 2 cm is used to ensure the required strength and economical use of sheathing material. The working angle to the roof horizon is considered to be at least 1:7.
The roof is installed on a supporting structure made up of sheathing preparation and rafter elements.
When constructing private buildings, a 2.3-span structure with inclined roof trusses and intermediate supporting walls.
The supporting ends of the rafter beams are lowered onto a mauerlat with a section of 10x10-15x15 cm; the interval between rafter beams is usually about 600-900 mm with a cross-section of rafter beams of 50x150-100x150 mm.
Standard installation procedure for profiled metal sheets:
- A roof using corrugated sheets of profiled steel, like every other roofing base made of rolled steel, when arranging a warm attic space, provides for the use of under-roof waterproofing membrane, type: Izospan, Stroizol SD130, Tyvek, Yutavek 115,135, TechnoNIKOL, which covers the inter-rafter heat-insulating material from draining condensate water.
- The waterproof membrane is installed horizontally, from bottom to top, with an inter-tier overlap of 10÷15 cm and a sag between the rafters of about 20 mm, with further gluing of the seam line with adhesive tape.
- To remove unnecessary inter-tier joints, the long side of the profiled sheet is chosen similar to the transverse size of the roof slope, plus 20...30 centimeters, taking into account the overhang.
- The interval between the sheathing bars is determined by the slope of the roof slope and the thickness of the profile relief: if the profile grade is C-8-C-25, and the slope is steeper than 15 °, then the gap between the sheathings is 400 mm, and for the NS-35÷NS-44 nomenclature - about 0.7÷1.0 m.
- To avoid lifting of corrugated sheets during gusts of wind, they should be fastened from the lowest corner end cut roof opposite the prevailing direction of wind flow.
- The corrugated sheets are fixed to the sheathing boards with galvanized self-tapping screws, 28...40, Ø4.8 mm long, with sealing washers, in the deflection of the wave, and the ridge corners, on the contrary, in the crest of the wave. Along the cornice, fixation is carried out on all lower zones of the profile relief, and the consumption of screws is considered to be 6 ÷ 8 units. per m2 of profiled material.
- The longitudinal overlap of corrugated sheets should be done in one wave, but if the slope of the roof slope is less than 12 degrees - in two corrugated waves.
Building a house always involves significant financial costs. However, to ensure that costs do not exceed the allotted limit, and that materials are purchased in sufficient quantities, it is necessary to calculate the cost of building a house made of timber.
Regardless of whether you plan to build a home on your own or will hire workers for this, you need to draw up an estimate. This is the basis of all work.
Formula for calculating timber consumption for load-bearing walls of a house
Calculation of timber for building a house is carried out according to the formula:
- the sum of the lengths of all the walls of the structure is calculated, not only external, but also internal - this is the perimeter;
- the perimeter is multiplied by the height of the house, excluding the pediment area (the facade of the building, limited by the roof slopes and cornice);
- the value obtained as a result should be multiplied by the thickness of the timber selected for construction.
The result is the number of cubes required to build a house. Usually limited to one, less often two floors.
It is convenient to consider the formula using a specific example:
Total: to build a house you will need 13.5 cubic meters of timber with a cross section of 150*150 mm. If there are more walls expected, then they are also taken into account in the calculations.
For the convenience of calculations and to facilitate the purchasing process, you can use the data below, with a length of 6 m:
|
Section of timber |
PC. cubed |
Volume 1 pc. |
In order to correctly calculate the construction of a house made of timber, it is necessary to take into account the moment that cannot be avoided when individual construction– even the most trusted supplier may have several defective units in one batch. This must be taken into account when purchasing and purchase blanks with a small margin.
It is better to take products from the same batch, otherwise problems may arise during joining of elements due to different ways processing and its quality.
Stage two: material consumption for the roof frame
Used for timber houses rafter system- This is the supporting frame of the roof. Tree - durable material, but it should not be overloaded, so as not to provoke uneven shrinkage and destruction of load-bearing walls.
Factors influencing the amount of material required for a roof frame
To ensure that the roof is not only beautiful, but also reliable, you cannot skimp on building materials. It is necessary to strictly follow the technology when constructing it yourself.
Frame wooden roof includes the following required elements:
- rafter legs, or just rafters;
- pediment, made of timber similar to load-bearing walls;
- logs (beams) - horizontally located beams, the base on which the floorboard is laid;
- Mauerlat - the most thick timber, located along the perimeter of the walls, is designed to evenly distribute the weight of the roof frame;
- sheathing - attached to the rafters and serves as the basis for laying the roof.
SNiP 31-02 imposes a number of requirements on any roof, based on which the materials for building a house made of timber should be calculated. That is, in order for the frame to comply with the stated standards and protect the structure from snow, melt and rain water, not allow cold air to pass through, and be energy-saving, it is necessary to find out exactly how many blanks are required.
How to calculate the amount of building material for a frame: Mauerlat
The amount of material directly depends on the coverage area. As an example, consider a 6x6 house. For a reliable foundation, you will need a thick, strong beam with a cross-section of 150 * 100 mm or 150 * 150 mm. It is laid on 4 load-bearing walls, respectively, to build a mauerlat you need 4 beams of 6 m each.
Note! If the structure does not have internal load-bearing walls, then the distance between them should not exceed 8 m. If there is another support inside the house, then the distance increases to 14-16 m.
To calculate the amount of timber for a wall length exceeding 6 m, it is necessary to calculate the total footage of the perimeter:
For example: 6+6+9+9=30 m
30 m is the perimeter, divided by the length of one block.
30 m/6 m=5 pcs.
Total: to construct a mauerlat for the construction of 6x9 m, you need 5 bars of 6 m each.
Calculation of the amount of material for rafters and sheathing
The rafter system is the main support for roofing material, it protects it from wind and snow.
Calculation of material for the construction of a house made of timber, which will be used for the construction of rafters, is carried out according to the formula:
- The total load of snow and wind per square meter of roof - it is calculated on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85 “Loads and impacts”. For a slope with a slope angle of 45◦, a roof length of 6.5 m and a rafter length of 3.5 m, the load will be 226.3 kg/sq.m.
- The total load is 5148 kg. We multiply 6.5 by 3.5 and get 22.75 m - this is the surface area of \u200b\u200bone slope. Accordingly, 22.75*226.3=5148 kg.
- Now you need to find out the length of all the rafters and, therefore, how much timber you need to purchase for their construction. For this, based on the fact that one linear meter able to withstand 100 kg of weight, divide 5148 by 100, the result is 51.48 m - this is the minimum length of the rafters.
- The roof slope overhangs the wall by about 50 cm, so you need to buy 4 m of wood.
- It’s easy to calculate the number of pieces: 51.48/4 = 12.87, or more precisely 14, since they are arranged in pairs. That is, you need 7 pairs.
The instructions say that the distance between the rafters is equal to the number that is obtained if you divide the length of the roof by one less than the number of pairs of rafters: 6.5/6 = 1.08 m. The cross-section of the blanks is 100 * 150 mm or 150 * 150 mm.
The rafter system includes wooden sheathing. For it, boards about 2.5 cm thick are used. They are placed horizontally, that is, parallel to the ridge.
The width of the board should not exceed 15 cm. There are two installation methods, which will determine the amount of material purchased.
The first is continuous laying, when the distance does not exceed 1-2 cm and is discharged. Then the span can reach 10 or more centimeters. The more often the boards are laid, the stronger and warmer the structure, but at the same time, the more expensive it is.
Calculating the quantity is easy. The lengths of the skate and board are measured. Next, divide the skate footage by the board footage. This helps to find out how many boards are needed for one strip.
If the width is 15 cm and the gap is 5, then divide the length of the slope by the number obtained as a result of addition. The total is the number of blanks in pieces.
Calculating the cost of building a house from timber is a very painstaking task; it is also necessary to take into account the fact that everything must be purchased with a small reserve in case of defects. Roofing consumption is calculated based on the roof surface area. This does not take into account natural openings - a place for a chimney pipe and an attic door, if one is included in the project.
Number of blanks for beams
Floors made of wooden beams are most in demand in low-rise construction. They have a relatively low cost, they are easy and quick to make, wood is a fairly durable material, and is light in weight. It does not place significant loads on the foundation.
For ceiling beams, only coniferous wood is used, most often larch - this is the most durable and reliable material, able to withstand significant weight:
- resistant to temperature fluctuations;
- maintains stable geometry;
- almost no shrinkage.
Choose better than blanks, which have been dried in steam chambers and have a moisture content of no more than 14%. The aspect ratio should be 150*100 mm or 150*200 mm.
For correct design, to make the correct calculation of materials for building a house from timber, it is necessary to be guided by the span width. The larger the span, the more often beams are laid and their number will increase. For attic floor It is not necessary to place the workpieces too close to each other.
Here is a table that makes it easy to determine how many pieces you will need:
|
Span width |
Beam spacing |
Optimal workpiece cross-section |
This means that for a span of 4 m you need to buy 6 blanks for laying floor beams, taking into account a step of 1 m. That is, 4 pieces will be used to cover the span and 2 more for the edges, directly next to the walls. The price depends on the length of the beam.
Stage three: number of floorboards
Before you start making calculations for purchasing a floorboard, you need to decide on its parameters.
- The most optimal lengths are 4, 4.5 and 6 m.
- The thickness is available in the following sizes: 30 mm, 25 mm and 32 mm.
- Standard widths are 100 mm and 105 mm.
If you want to make a floor from whole boards, then it is advisable to reduce the amount of waste.
Calculation of material for building a house from timber is made based on the length and width of the covered area. And also how the board will be laid - along or across.
The calculations are quite simple. If you know the parameters of the workpieces, you can determine usable area, it is 5-7 mm less than the actual one due to the tongue.
Most often, manufacturers make boards 6 m long. It is also necessary to take into account the possible amount of waste that cannot be avoided.
Calculations are made as follows:
- the pre-known area of the living space is divided by the area of one board, taking into account only the useful one - this is the amount required for installation;
- when the room has parameters different from 6 m, it is important to know the amount of intact material. To do this, the width of the room is divided by the working width of the floorboard.
Based on the information received, you can simply find out approximately how much it will cost to build a house made of timber. You also need to take into account consumables: insulation, roofing material, additional fasteners. Their number depends on the design of the house, the area and other factors.
Conclusion
The video in this article will clearly help you understand these issues.
Before starting to build a house made of timber, many consumers ask themselves: how much timber is needed for the construction of the planned structure. To answer this question you can go two ways:
- Use the beam calculation calculator;
- Read the article below about calculation of the amount of timber which will be needed to build a house.
And if everything is more or less clear with a calculator, then doing it yourself is much more difficult. Let's look into this issue.
Factors influencing the amount of timber required to build a house.
The main thing to consider when calculating the amount of timber per house is:
- What type of timber will be used in construction;
- How much timber do we need?
- How many units of timber are in 1 cubic meter;
- Features of the project of a house made of timber or a cottage.
Calculation of construction timber in cubic meters.
And so, how calculate the amount of timber in 1 cubic meter simple method? It should be noted that the example below is not exact. To make a more accurate calculation, you need to have a project of the future house.
To calculate the amount of timber in 1 m 3 you need:
- Calculate the perimeter of the building;
- Multiply the perimeter by the height;
- The product of the perimeter and height must be multiplied by the thickness of the product.
For our case, the formula will look like this: V = h*b*l = 0.15 * 0.15 *6 = 0.135 m3,
- h is the height of the beam;
- b- width;
- l- length.
Let's find out how many units of lumber are in 1 cube as follows: 1/0.135 = 7.41 pieces.
After carrying out all the above calculations, we will get the result of the number of cubes of timber required to construct the building.
To calculate timber which will be needed for finishing interior walls, we use a similar method. let's consider specific example, how to calculate the amount of timber for a bathhouse 5 * 10 meters, 3 meters high.
Let us conditionally determine that during construction the size 150 * 150 mm will be used.
- (5 m - width + 10 m length) × 2 = 30 m - perimeter of the building.
- 30 perimeter × 3 height = 90 m 2 - wall area.
- 90 area × 0.15 material thickness = 13.5 m 3 - needed to build a box from a 5 × 10 beam 3 m high.
Like this in a simple way we calculated the amount of timber for the walls, which is 13.5 m3. But, you need to take into account that due to the presence of window and doorways, the amount of material used will be less than calculated.
Often craftsmen do not take this point into account; it is believed that it would be even better to add about 20% in reserve, in the end we will get: 13.5 + 20% = 16.2 m 3 timber is needed for a building 5 * 10 m.
Features of timber that must be taken into account when calculating.
When building a house from timber, the first step is to lay the crown, which should be slightly thicker than the main beam. The first crown is made of thicker timber; later the weight of the whole house will put pressure on it, so it is additionally recommended to treat it with machine oil or an antiseptic.
In the calculation described above, this nuance was not taken into account; it must be calculated separately.
Calculation of timber in units.
After you have calculated the amount of timber in m3, you can easily find out how much timber will be needed in units (pieces).
Consider a table of common sizes of this 6m long product:
Table of the amount of timber in 1 m 3 for calculating timber for a house.
|
Section * timber length |
Volume 1 piece, m3. |
Quantity of timber in 1 m3, pcs. |
|---|---|---|
In the above example, where we indicated the cubic capacity of the timber for the bathhouse, we will carry out further calculations of the materials in pieces.
In order to calculate the amount of material per house in pieces, we carry out the following calculation; for this, the amount of 13.5 m3 must be divided by the cubic volume of the timber used, in our case it is equal, based on the table, to 0.135 m3: 13.5: 0.135 = 100 pieces.
If you correctly calculate the amount of timber in pieces, then when purchasing timber you will be able to control whether all the material is shipped to you by the seller.
Thickness and height of timber.
The material can have different thickness and height, the following are the main dimensions:
- 100*100 mm.
- 100*150 mm.
- 150*150 mm.
- 150*200 mm.
- 200*200 mm.
If everything is clear with height, the higher the beam, the fewer inter-crown seams, the faster the production construction works, and naturally, the number of pieces of timber for building a house decreases. But the width in this case is more important, especially when building for all-season living.
Attention: Sometimes timber manufacturers indicate the dimensions of the timber, which may differ from the real ones; for example, a timber of 150x150 mm actually has a size of 140x140 mm.
The consequences of purchasing such a beam will be very disastrous, if for a height of 3 meters you will need 20 pieces of timber measuring 150x150 mm, then for a size of 140x140 mm - 21 pieces and a half, and this is one and a half crown rows.
If you plan to live in the house all year round, then it is recommended to use timber with a thickness of 200 mm. It is also necessary to take care of the insulation of timber walls, the best option there will be foam plastic or mineral wool 10 cm thick.
When constructing a bathhouse, it is advisable to use a material thickness of 150 mm; it is quite sufficient for short-term temperature maintenance. Well, if you decide to build country house for summer holidays, then in this case walls made of 100x100 mm timber will be just right.
About construction country house many people think, but most put it off until tomorrow due to not knowing how to calculate the amount of timber per house. Why? Yes, because the counting process itself is not free, and no one wants to pay for something that may not be realized.
Let's try to understand how to correctly calculate the amount of this product for construction yourself.
Product calculation for building construction
Factors that influence the numbers
The main thing to consider when calculating the amount of material per house is:
- what type of timber will be used in construction;
- how much do we need;
- how many pieces in 1 cubic meter;
- what is .
Calculation of lumber in cubic meters
Let's look at how to calculate the amount of timber in a cube in the simplest way; one might say, this is the basic principle of calculations. It should be noted that the example given is not exact. To make more accurate figures, you need to have a blueprint for your future home.
So, pay attention to the instructions:
- Calculate the perimeter of the building.
- Multiply the perimeter by the height.
- Multiply the result obtained by the thickness of the product.
- As a result, the result was the number of cubes of timber required to construct the building.
To calculate the product for interior walls, we use the same method. If desired, you can calculate not only the cubic capacity of the material, but also its quantity in pieces. Let's consider a separate example of how to calculate the amount of timber for a bathhouse 3 m by 5 m with a height of 3 m.
Let's agree that during construction a size of 150 by 150 mm will be used.
Instructions:
- (3 width + 5 length) × 2 = 30 m – perimeter of the building.
- 30 perimeter × 3 height = 90 sq.m – wall area.
- 90 area × 0.15 material thickness = 13.5 cubic meters - needed to build a box from 3x5 timber 3m high.
Thus, the amount of timber for the walls is 13.5 cubic meters. But, it should be noted that window and door openings will reduce the amount of material used.
In most cases, experts do not take this point into account; it is believed that it would be even better to add about 20% to the reserve, in the end we will get:
- 13.5 + 20% = 16.2 cubic meters will be required for of this type building.
Note!
When building a house from timber, the first crown should be slightly thicker than the main product used to build the walls.
It is not taken into account in our calculation; it must be calculated separately.
The first crown is laid from a thicker one, since in the future the weight of the entire house will fall on it; it is additionally recommended to treat it with machine oil or an antiseptic.
Calculation in pieces
By calculating how many cubes of lumber to build a house, you can easily find out how many pieces of timber you will need. This is the first thing you need when purchasing. Knowing exact amount pieces, you will protect yourself from possible fraud on the part of the selling company.
Consider a table of common sizes of this 6m long product:
| 100x100 | 1 PC. — 0.06 cube | 16.67 pcs. cubed |
| 100x150 | 1 PC. — 0.09 cube | 11.11 pcs. cubed |
| 150x150 | 1 PC. — 0.135 cube | 7.41 pcs. cubed |
| 100x200 | 1 PC. — 0.12 cube | 8.33 pcs. cubed |
| 150x200 | 1 PC. — 0.18 cube | 5.56 pcs. cubed |
| 200x200 | 1 PC. - 0.24 cubes | 4.17 pcs. cubed |
In the above example, where we indicated the cubic capacity of the timber for the bathhouse, we will carry out further calculations of the materials in pieces.
So, to find out the amount of material per house in pieces, we carry out the following calculation, for this we divide the amount of 13.5 cubic meters that is needed to build a bathhouse by the cubic volume of the timber used, in our case it is equal, based on the table, 0.135 cubic meters :
- 13.5: 0.135 = 100 pcs
Knowing the correct quantity of the product in pieces, you will not have to run around with a tape measure when purchasing and calculate the volume to find out whether you received the material correctly according to the invoice, you will only need to count the product individually.
The role of height and material thickness
Before calculating the quantity, you need to decide on the choice of thickness and height of the product.
The material may have different thickness and height, we list the main dimensions:
- 100x100 mm.
- 100x150 mm.
- 150x150 mm.
- 150x200 mm.
- 200x200 mm.
With height, everything is simple, the higher the timber, the fewer crown joints - construction work goes faster, and naturally, the number of pieces of material for building a house decreases. But width is more important, especially when building for all-season living.
Note!
Not all lumber manufacturers are honest with the buyer; sometimes it happens that a 150x150 mm timber actually has a size of 140x140 mm.
It’s not difficult to guess what this will lead to, if for a height of 3 meters you will need 20 pieces of timber measuring 150x150 mm, then for a size of 140x140 mm - 21 pieces and a half, and that’s one and a half crown rows.
When planning year-round accommodation It is recommended to use timber with a thickness of 200 mm in the house. Such walls need to be insulated, but for our climate, something like polystyrene foam or mineral wool 10 cm thick is enough.
When building a bathhouse, it is recommended to use a material thickness of 150 mm; it is quite sufficient for short-term temperature maintenance. Well, if you decide to build a country house for a summer holiday, then in this case, walls made of 100x100 mm timber will be just right.
Advice!
When building a wooden house in which you do not plan to live all year round, the thickness of the timber is not important.
After all, such a building is needed only for short-term use and mainly in the spring and autumn.
Pay attention!
Despite the large thickness of the product, you will still have to insulate the walls.
After all, in order for the house to fully fulfill its thermal insulation properties The thickness of the walls should be about 50 cm.
Why do you need a house project?
When calculating the material for building a house important role plays the project of the house itself. After all, only in the finished project can you see not only the appearance of the building, but also the internal arrangement of walls and elements that require additional calculation of the required material.
You can get a wooden house project in different ways:
- do it yourself;
- order from a specialist;
- buy a ready-made project;
- buy online;
- find on the Internet.
It is possible to make a house project with your own hands, but it is difficult, since you should have specialized knowledge. And the point here is not only to draw future home, you need to take into account the specifics of climate, soil, air humidity and other points.
Most correct solution– order a project from a specialist, the price for such services is not cheap, but this is the most the best option, the specialist will take into account all your wishes and possibilities of the area. This will protect you from many possible troubles, and will also have someone to contact if problems arise.
Advice!
Do not buy projects on the Internet from unverified persons; most often they sell those projects that are posted on the Internet for public use.
Conclusion
By making the correct calculations, you will ensure light construction. There will be no need to think later about where to put the extra products or, worse, to suspend construction due to their shortage.
If you still have any questions, watch the video in this article; you will not only learn how to calculate timber using a calculator, but you will also be able to calculate the approximate cost of your future home. You will definitely not have any doubts about your ability to calculate the material yourself.
A wooden house has a special appeal. In addition to its superior aesthetics, it has many other advantages, which explains the growing popularity of this type of housing. Preliminarycalculation of a house made of timber will help you accurately determine upcoming expenses and assess your financial capabilities for such a building.
Calculation of a roof in a house made of timber
Types of materials for wooden buildings
Before calculating a wooden building, you need to decide what material to choose for it. Currently, developers are offered the following lumber for this purpose:
- regular (sawn) and profiled timber made of solid wood;
- regular and profiled laminated wood timber;
- calibrated (rounded) log.
These are the main lumber used in the construction of wooden buildings, but profiled laminated veneer lumber is considered the best among them. Its advantages are:
- minimum residual moisture in the range of 10–18%, virtually eliminating shrinkage and deformation of wood;
- ideal shape and precise linear dimensions of the material, which extremely simplifies and facilitates the assembly of the building;
- increased strength compared to similar solid wood timber;
- no need for additional sealing of the seams between the beams.
These characteristics do not greatly affect the total amount of material for the construction of the building - except that the consumption of timber will be slightly lower due to reduced losses due to waste.
Anyway preliminary calculation of a house made of timber at the building design stage will allow you to optimize the costs of future construction in terms of quantity and cost of material. In order to correctly calculate the consumption of timber and logs at the first stage, it is necessary to carefully prepare the building design and carry out its detailing, taking into account the layout, dimensions, locations for window and door openings.
General principles for calculating lumber for wooden houses
To calculate the total amount of lumber for a wooden building, you need to divide this procedure into three stages - according to the number of main structural parts of any building. Calculation of a house made of timber is made taking into account the following elements:
- walls and partitions;
- floors;
- rafter frame.
For each of the named parts of the building, calculations are made, taking into account the purpose of each element. For example, an outwardly similar wall and an internal partition are assembled from timber different sections, therefore, the amount of material for structures of the same dimensions can vary by more than twice.
Calculation of materials for walls and partitions
Walls and partitions made of timber or logs form the frame of the house. These are the main load-bearing structures of the building, and the walls are also responsible for its thermal insulation. You can calculate the amount of lumber for walls and partitions using the following algorithm:
1. The walls are measured along the outer perimeter and height of the building. Minimum size The cross-section of timber for a permanent home is at least 150x150 mm. In this case, the width of the beam for the first (lower) crown should be greater than for subsequent rows.
2. The volume of material in cubic meters is converted into pieces based on overall size timber. The resulting amount is rounded up to the nearest whole number.
3. From the total amount of material, subtract the volume occupied by window and door openings.
4. For partitions (partitions) and houses for seasonal residence, timber with a cross-section of 100x100 mm is quite sufficient.
Carrying out preliminary calculation of a house made of timber, start with optimal thickness walls – this is 200–250 mm. This value guarantees proper thermal insulation, and the walls will not need additional insulation.
If you choose a calibrated log for a log house, then its diameter should be at least 220–260 mm. When calculating a wooden bathhouse, the normal thickness of walls made of timber is considered to be in the range of 125–150 mm or made of logs with a diameter of 200–240 mm.
Developers who do not have sufficient experience may need help to draw up a building project and calculate the amount of materials. The easiest way to find it is on the Internet. Here you can buy a ready-made project, get help in the form of advice on forums from people who have already built a log house with their own hands. However, the scope of work on building a house made of wood is not limited to the construction of walls.
Calculation of materials for floors
Ceiling and basement floors form the volume of premises (rooms). Their basis is wooden beams, which rest on the foundation and load-bearing walls. To calculate the required amount of material for floors, you should adhere to the following requirements:
- the step width between adjacent beams should not exceed one meter;
- the optimal cross-sectional size of the beams is 100x150 mm;
- the outer beams must be adjacent to the walls along their entire length;
- the number of beams, depending on the orientation of their installation, is determined as follows: the length or width of the building must be divided by the step size indicated in the project and subtract one unit.
To perform correctly calculation of a house made of timber from the point of view of the strength of the floors, the operational load of the building should be known or predicted. This way, it will be possible not to include excessive strength characteristics of the beams, saving a decent amount.
Beams in a timber house Where calculations of load-bearing structures are required, it is best to take the help of specialists. Implementation cannot be avoided without this individual project. The costs of design services are not so significant that we would not consider this option for preparing the construction of our own housing.
Floors in a house made of timber Calculation of materials for the rafter frame
roof arrangement in a timber house Unlike walls and ceilings, the rafter frame has a volumetric configuration. Therefore, it is much more difficult to calculate. In addition, it consists of many parts different sizes, it uses other materials besides timber. The roofing design must take into account the following factors:
- operational and wind loads;
- roof type and slope;
- type of roofing material, etc.
Carrying out preliminary calculation of a house made of timber At the roof design stage, we must not forget that when constructing a roof, beams of different sections are necessarily used. The width of the step between the rafters should not exceed 70 cm. The ridge beam and mauerlats have the largest cross-section. The rafter frame must ensure the presence of roof overhangs, etc.
IN in this case You will need the help of specialists more than ever. For example, you can buy a ready-made house project made of timber or logs to adapt it to suit your needs. The main advantage of such a solution is that it eliminates the risk of errors, which can cost much more than the fee for the service received.
It is also necessary to include the sheathing of the rafter frame in the calculation of the roof. It can be solid or lattice depending on the chosen roofing material. Since window and door blocks most often they buy ready-made, on this preliminary calculation of a house made of timber can be considered completed. All you have to do is get your rough notes in order so you can move on to purchasing the necessary materials.
In order for your project to take on its proper form, you must complete calculation of a house made of timber finalization of its results. In the language of professionals, this is called drawing up a material specification. This document allows you to control the amount of lumber in the assortment and the total amount of costs for their purchase. The specification is drawn up in the following order:
- the volume of materials in cubic meters is summarized according to basic parameters, such as the cross-section and types of timber, width, thickness and length of the boards;
- lumber is converted into pieces, which greatly simplifies the purchasing process and makes it easy to control their quantity and range.
We would like to note that the typical sizes of timber, logs, and boards are multiples. You must take this circumstance into account when drawing up a project. Otherwise, significant waste losses are inevitable. In other words, the dimensions of the log house should be measured in numbers of the same order as standard materials. All the information necessary for this can be found in GOST 8486-86, GOST 24454-80 and others regulatory documents woodworking
Final stage calculating a house made of timber with the preparation of material specifications for the quantity and cost of lumber will provide you with indispensable assistance in assessing your own capabilities. At this stage, you can still make changes to the project: for example, make it cheaper or, conversely, use higher quality and more expensive materials.
Basic properties of wood: useful information
Carrying out calculation of a house made of timber, the main characteristics of wood should be taken into account. This will ensure a rational choice of materials and will allow you to perform a number of other important calculations (for example, when laying the foundation of a house). Among the main properties and characteristics of lumber are:
- residual moisture: it is not recommended to use wood with a moisture content above 23% in construction;
- density - this parameter directly affects the strength of the material and the weight of the building;
- resistance to moisture, rot, insects that harm spruce trees and other external factors.
Based on the combination of all its features, laminated veneer lumber is best suited for walls. It has the lowest possible residual moisture, and, thanks to its multi-layer structure, is superior in strength to analogues made from solid wood of any species. In addition, laminated timber is usually treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.
For walls and partitions we recommend using profiled timber. It is significantly more expensive, but these costs will be fully compensated by reducing work time, finishing costs, insulation and other costs that are inevitable when using less quality materials. Now you can safely start construction.