Do you need abs? No problem, you can do it yourself! I bring to your attention just such instructions. It will allow you to make an excellent electro-hydraulic press, and if you want, it can be simply hydraulic.
The device works on the basis, the device is driven by a small motor similar to an old washing machine. All spare parts are inexpensive, and in the end we get a very cool and useful car!
Materials and tools used
List of materials:
- ;
- an old grinder (you need a gearbox from it);
- steel pipes (square);
- corner;
- channel;
- steel plates and other scrap metal;
- engine from washing machine(or similar);
- powerful spring;
- bolts with nuts;
- cable and switch (keyboard);
- dye.
List of tools:
- drilling machine and drill;
- grinder, preferably a band cutting machine;
- vice;
- hammers, pliers, wrenches, etc.;
- ;
- ruler;
- marker;
- clamps.
Press manufacturing process:
Step one. We make a frame
Conventionally, the entire assembly process can be divided into only two parts, this is the manufacture of the frame, as well as the installation of the jack and engine.
Let's start in order, how the frame is made.
The frame consists of two guides, square steel pipes are used as them. They need to be thoroughly cleaned of rust so that nothing gets stuck. The author drills rows of holes in the drains. Thanks to these holes, a thrust platform will be installed; it rests on bolts with a large cross-section. If desired, you can always raise or lower the platform.
Now let's start making " square pipes”, to which the “elevator”, that is, the pressing platform, is attached and rides. To make these parts, we take cardboard and wrap it around the guides. Next, take a corner, cut off the necessary pieces and press them on top with clamps. We weld the resulting structure, then carefully knock it down. Thanks to the cardboard, we will get a gap between the stand and the pipe. Cut the manufactured part into two parts, thoroughly weld the seams and clean them with a grinder.
Racks can be installed! We use a corner or pipes as a base and weld a good stop so that the installation does not wobble. We also weld a piece of pipe on top, or better yet a channel, since high loads are formed here. The author also decided to plug the holes in the pipes; he cut out steel plates for this and welded them.
Step two. We attach the “elevator”
The author makes the “elevator,” that is, the pressing platform, from a massive channel. The material must be strong and withstand loads of several tons. We weld it well in in the right places.
The thrust platform must also be very strong; the author makes it from two channels. We cut two pieces, and then drill holes in them and tighten them using threaded rods and nuts. Massive bolts and nuts are used as support for the platform.
Step three. Place for installing a jack
The jack is installed on the machine in classic form, that is, “head up.” To prevent the stop from coming off, you will need a piece round pipe suitable diameter. We cut it, try it on, weld it to the upper support.
As for the base, here you can weld several steel plates as a stop so that the jack, God forbid, does not jump off under load.
Almost everything is ready, we already have a press, which is driven by human muscular power. As a working tool, the author welds a “finger” under the heads, now you can always install the desired attachment.
A powerful spring must be installed between the upper support and the “lift”; it allows you to return the machine to its original state after turning it off. I think you can guess how this is done. It is advisable to use two springs, one on each side.
Step four. Preparing the gearbox
The author uses spare parts from an old grinder as a gearbox. We disassemble the angle grinder and pull out the anchor. From the anchor you need to cut off the bow part, which is inserted into the gearbox. A nut is attached to this axle; the author puts it on an already manufactured press, having previously adjusted the thickness of the axle to drilling machine. To be sure, the nut can be secured to the axle by welding.
Step five. Engine Mounting Plate
The engine housing is usually made of aluminum, which is not very good, because nothing can be welded to it. We take a steel plate, drill holes, and attach it to the engine using bolts.
Step six. Installing the gearbox on the engine
Using steel plates, install the gearbox on the engine. Now, after switching on, the torque from the motor shaft will go to the gearbox!
You need to install a crank on the gearbox axis; it is done very simply. You will need a strong steel plate as well as a nut. We weld one to the other and install it on the axle. To transmit movement, you will also need a bolt with a nut and two bearings.
Step seven. Working pedal
You need to install a pedal on the jack that will receive movement from the crank. Here you will need a square pipe. Cut out a “window” inside it; two bearings will be installed here. We secure the pedal with a bolt and nut and do not forget about the washers.
Now you can connect the gear crank to the pedal!
Step eight. Connecting the engine to the jack
The engine needs to be secured to a jack; to do this, we make a special bracket from the corners, which clamps the jack when tightening the nuts. Weld the engine with the gearbox to this bracket using square pipes and connect the transmission unit (crank). Order! Apply power and see how the electrical works hydraulic jack!
We will send the material to you by e-mail
Any car enthusiast, and even a garage mechanic, is familiar with the situation when it is necessary to press out any part from the shell, be it a bearing or a silent block. Someone needs to lay the cardboard more compactly, and maybe even make fuel briquettes. But necessary tool or the equipment may not always be at hand. Let's try to figure out how difficult it is to make a press with your own hands and whether it is possible. And if possible, what material will be needed and what is the algorithm for such work. First, let's clarify what a press is and what it is intended for.
Factory produced hydraulic press
What is the purpose and functions of the press in everyday life and its varieties
Such devices have a very wide range of applications. This can be not only squeezing out various parts, but also a device for collecting hay and laying it in even rolls. Perhaps the manufacture of some durable concrete products is required, or perhaps a lot of sawdust has accumulated, from which good fuel can be made.
Let's look at the main jobs that a press can perform in Everyday life. This equipment can be divided into several types. The design of some types is similar, while others have fundamental design differences.
Press for extruding parts from any base or shell
Such equipment will come in handy in garage conditions. It is not profitable for an ordinary motorist to purchase it, because... the cost is quite high, and they rarely perform the work. But to make a press with your own hands for the garage with minimum costs, quite acceptable.
You can use a similar press for silent blocks or bearings, i.e. for those parts whose installation and dismantling cannot be done manually. Having spent a little time, you can design and assemble a device, the cost of which in a store can exceed 50,000 rubles.
Such a device will help put old newspapers into use, which will make good fuel for the stove. A waste paper press will help you save on purchasing coal or firewood. In addition, the need to dispose of unnecessary correspondence, of which many have accumulated a huge amount, disappears. Approximately the same principle can be used to make a sawdust press. The excellent fuel that will be obtained when using it has proven itself well not only in stove heating, but also even on vacation. Long burning, intense heat and lack of smoke – these are the advantages that helped fuel briquettes made using a press gain popularity. Shish kebab, barbecue or a hot fire with minimal flame - what else is needed for a good rest? There is another option to compress coal chips instead of sawdust. In this case, it will be a fuel that burns for a very long time and produces a huge amount of heat. And there is usually a lot of such crumble in the coal sheds of houses that are heated with it. So why not put him into action? Surely many have seen cardboard boxes that are tightly compressed into a tight stack. This is also the work of the press. After all, it is much more convenient to export such material when it is compactly packaged. A cardboard press is one of the easiest to make with your own hands. Other solid materials can be disposed of using approximately the same principle. For example, with the help of a press, plastic bottles are transformed into neat layers that are convenient for transportation. This simple installation is assembled from boards and is very useful on the farm, because When stored, compressed straw takes up much less space, and neat “briquettes” will be convenient to store. Like mechanical press is a wooden box measuring 80 x 80 cm and 3 m in length. At one end there is a hatch with a lock, and at the other there is a wooden platform with a long lever, through which the hay is pressed. In order to more fully understand the principle of operation and design of such an installation, you can watch the short video below. Surely, after watching it, it became clear that such a press does not even require preliminary drawings. As for the press for the walk-behind tractor, then fundamental differences there is no difference between them, the only difference being that the second option has no leverage. Pressure testing is carried out using the same pressure platform, but through a cable drive, i.e. the second option is just a more mechanized version of the first. For home use the desktop one has proven itself quite well hand press. Of course, it can also be made in a hydraulic version, but we will look at more complex units a little later. Therefore, now let’s try to understand what the operating principle of a mechanical tabletop press is. Such an installation is a frame welded from profile iron and reinforced with stiffeners. A manual jack is usually attached to the top in such a way that when the handle is rotated, it moves towards the lower platform. The unit itself is bolted to the workbench. Thus, it turns out that by placing a part in the lower part of the steel frame, for example, placing a tube under it, you can easily, by rotating the jack handle, squeeze out the middle part. This is how the silent blocks of the car or bearings, etc. are squeezed out, or vice versa, pressed into place. similar details into your seats. The main thing is to ensure that there is no distortion in the pressure. You can make a similar press desktop or floor-mounted, if necessary, in larger sizes. But do not forget that in this case you will need a more powerful jack, or install a gearbox to increase the pressure force. Sometimes it is necessary to roll out the wire or make a plate thinner. This is where a roller press comes in handy. The principle of its operation is easy to understand for those who remember old washing machines with manual spin. Excess moisture was removed from the laundry by passing the item between two rollers. Rotating the handle caused them to rotate in opposite directions. This is exactly how a mechanical roller press works, with the only difference being that it is possible to adjust the distance between the shafts, and there is also a gearbox that reduces the rotation speed, increasing power - after all, metal is much stiffer than fabric. Such mechanisms can be manufactured with either a manual, mechanical or electric drive. In this case, instead of the handle through chain transmission connection required asynchronous motor. The gearbox with this connection will be slightly different. In addition, it is better to connect the motor through a frequency converter. This ensures more smooth start, energy savings and long service life of the motor. Someone may ask - what does it have to do with it? concrete products, when it comes to presses. It turns out that the connection is direct. It is precisely for strengthening products such as cinder blocks, etc. A vibropress is used. Inside such a device, where the mold is located, a mixture of cement, sand, etc. is placed, after which it is pressed with a press and vibration is turned on. As a result, excess air is removed, and the product acquires the necessary strength. Making such a brick press with your own hands is quite possible, although it will require a lot of time, effort and knowledge. Usually, when it comes to paving slabs or something similar, home craftsmen prefer to make a regular vibrating table. In fact, there will not be much difference if the solution in the molds is not subjected to pressure, but simply loses unnecessary, excess air during vibration. The most interesting and common type of such units is a hydraulic press with an electric drive. Operating principle similar device as simple as it is complex – and this is true. Low-viscosity engine oil passes through a pump driven by an electric motor and enters the cylinder. It creates high pressure, which pushes the piston. Of course, the drive can also be mechanical, without the participation of an electric motor and oil pump. This will be the most common type of press, which is made by hand. For work in the garage, such a device, at times, becomes simply irreplaceable. And, besides, following some tips, even a novice craftsman who has basic skills in working with a welding machine or making bolted connections can make it. Hydraulic driven press rural areas generally irreplaceable. And it was invented back in 1975. The principle of its operation is to use communicating cylinders with pistons of different diameters. Moreover, the less pressure, i.e. the hydraulic pump and the more receiving hydraulic cylinder, the stronger the pressure will be created with less force. In essence, this can be compared to the movement of a car in a low gear. The most common form of hydraulic press, as already mentioned, has become a rectangular frame. And the main task in its manufacture is accurate calculations. The first step is, of course, to draw up a diagram of the future press, because Without it, it will be difficult to figure out all the connections. Both the quality and speed of assembly of the unit depend on how detailed it is. All structural elements must be made of steel, with a thickness of at least 15 mm. This is done so that the frame does not move during operation, because significant force will be applied. The main thing that needs to be considered is the design itself. It is necessary to remember that hydraulic jacks are designed specifically for working in a vertical position and cannot be placed on their side, nor can they be installed with the rod down. Ideally, you should get the following design. A rectangular, elongated upward frame is fixed to the frame. Inside the frame, vertically along the edges, there are 2 guides along which a horizontal crossbar runs up and down. A hydraulic jack is fixed on top of it, and the transverse beam itself is suspended from the upper part of the frame by springs, which ensure that the transverse beam is pressed back when the jack is loosened. The hydraulic press produced in this way will press down when the jack is “pumped up” and rise up when it is loosened using springs. A large nut can be welded to the bottom of the beam, into which various tips needed for a particular job will subsequently be screwed. If you have a separate hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump at hand, then you can make a more convenient unit. Indeed, in this case, it becomes possible to install a pedal, and during work both hands remain free, which is sometimes extremely necessary. In general, how to make a hydraulic press is everyone’s business. And the answer to this question is limited only by the imagination and wishes of the master. A little ingenuity and now an exclusive device is ready that meets all the requirements of convenience. The main task in such work is accuracy and attentiveness. And if the dimensions, for example, of the vertical posts do not match, the unit may press slightly to the side, which in some cases can be critical. And therefore, drawing up manual drawings with your own hands hydraulic press very important. Moreover, all dimensions on them must be written down and calculated down to the millimeter. And during manufacturing, deviations from the drawing are unacceptable. A hydraulic press drawing of which is drawn up correctly and will function perfectly. For a typical garage installation, the ideal size would be a supporting frame 50 cm wide and up to 1 m high. It is best to assemble the frame for a hydraulic press with your own hands using welding joints. In this case, the seams should be High Quality. Of course, if a 3-ton jack is installed, no extra forces will be applied to the frame, but it’s still better to play it safe. But what will happen if the weak seams do not hold up and the structure “leads”? Let's look at this with an example. The faulty electric motor bearing needs to be replaced. It is pressed into a duralumin cover, and therefore you need to work with a homemade hydraulic press to remove it. And if, during its extrusion, the frame of the structure is driven, the force on the bearing is applied unevenly in a circle. As a result, the duralumin engine cover breaks. We've arrived. Now, in addition to the bearing, it is necessary to purchase a cover for an asynchronous motor (or a generator, the meaning does not change). That is why, before making a press with your own hands, you should think about the connections. If you are not confident in your ability to make high-quality welds, then it is better to either turn to a professional or stick to bolted connections. But you also need to be careful with this type of installation. You should not spend 2-3 small-diameter bolts on one connection, this will not make it stronger. The best thing that can be for a garage hydraulic press is a connection with one, but thick bolt. Article
Device for compacting various materials into dense briquettes
Press for recycling plastic and cardboard
Design features of the hay pick-up press
Video: from homemade press for making bales in a hurry
Compact press for everyday small jobs
Compacting press or how to assemble a device based on rollers
Manufacturing of high-strength concrete products - what is needed for this?
Hydraulics as the most common type of pressure supply to the press
What is the structure of a hydraulic press and how to make it
The importance of drawing up drawings of a self-made hydraulic press
Do-it-yourself hydraulic press - how long will such work take and which connections are better
In order to assemble a hydraulic press with your own hands, you need to know the operating principle and design features of the device.
The pressure in a hydraulic press is calculated using Pascal's formula.
The principle of operation of a hydraulic press and its use
The unit is designed to process various products made from different materials. Products are processed using high pressure. Normal work The device ensures the use of a special liquid. In a hydraulic press, this fluid is under high pressure. The main working elements of the structure are two main cylinders, which have different sizes: in the container of the smaller cylinder, the fluid pressure is increased and transferred to the working cylinder, which has a larger diameter. The cylinders communicate with each other using a special high-pressure pipeline or a special channel. The large cylinder contains a piston, which is acted upon by liquid supplied under high pressure. The design uses a special oil as the working fluid. From the piston located in the working cylinder, the force is transmitted to the working tool, with the help of which the workpiece is processed.
The working fluid of a hydraulic press is machine oil.
To carry out production operations and prevent the workpiece from moving, each unit design is equipped with a stop that ensures a stable position of the workpiece for processing.
The working cylinder in the design of the device is most often located in a vertical position. The horizontal position of the working cylinder is found in some units that have a special purpose.
There are a large number of different models of hydraulic presses that are capable of developing pressure up to several thousand tons. The specific indicator of the applied pressure is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the workpiece and the assigned tasks.
A hydraulic press is used in the process of pipe processing, when it is necessary to press various products, in the manufacture of various pressed products from rubber, wood shavings, and plastics.
At home, for your own workshop, you can make a hydraulic press with your own hands from a jack.
Design features of a hydraulic jack, its advantages and disadvantages
Using a hydraulic jack as the main working unit to make a homemade press is not accidental. The use of a jack is based on the laws of physics, which state that liquid under pressure does not compress or decrease in volume. It is this property that ensures the functioning of the jack.
A hydraulic jack works on the principle of a hydraulic press.
Thanks to this property, jacks are able to act on the workpiece being processed without loss of power. The force exerted on the workpiece greatly exceeds the force that a person applies to the jack lever. The jack press has a high efficiency rate of 80%. The jack in the press design allows for significant compression force. This effect is achieved by a very large gear ratio between cross section working cylinder and plunger pumping device jack.
Despite the large number of advantages, the jack design also has some disadvantages. These must be taken into account when designing a jack press. One of the most significant drawbacks is the inability to accurately adjust the height of the rod lowering. In the design of the press, this leads to the fact that after each use of the installation it is necessary to release the pressure to zero, in order to reuse press.
The most suitable unit for constructing a press is a single-rod bottle jack. This type of jacks is relatively small in size. Using it in the design of the press allows you to design a hydraulic jack with your own hands, which is small in size, which makes it possible to place the installation in small room home workshop.
Materials and tools required to assemble the press structure
To make a press, you do not need to have special tools. A beginner may only encounter difficulties in operating the welding machine. To simplify welding work, it is recommended to use an inverter welder.
During the manufacturing process of the device, the following tools will be required:
It is convenient to weld hydraulic press parts using an inverter welding machine.
- welding machine;
- electric drill;
- screwdriver;
- level;
- roulette;
- hacksaw for metal;
- grinder with a disc for metal.
To carry out successful assembly operations of the device, it is necessary to prepare a certain set of materials in advance. To work you will need to have:
- hydraulic bottle jack with a force of up to 10 tons;
- a set of electrodes for welding work;
- hacksaw for metal;
- thick-walled profile pipe having a rectangular cross-section;
- metal corner 50x50;
- metal strip having 10 mm thickness;
- a piece of pipe for making the jack rod head;
- metal plate 25x10 cm with a thickness of 10 mm;
- two springs to return the stop.
Before starting to manufacture the device, you should think through the design in detail and prepare design drawings indicating all dimensions.
Assembling a hydraulic press with your own hands
In order to make the unit, you should prepare a good manual hydraulic jack.
The main structural element is the frame, which is manufactured in strict accordance with the drawing. Structurally, the bed is a frame within which a jack is mounted. When designing the frame, it is necessary to provide a sufficient margin of safety so that it can withstand the pressure that is exerted on it during operation of the unit. Otherwise, it may burst welds or become deformed.
The bed must be very strong: it bears all the forces in the press.
A good margin of safety is achieved by using thick metal profiles in the frame design with the installation large quantity stiffening ribs. When manufacturing the frame, great attention should be paid to welding welded joints. This is required to ensure that the structure does not become damaged or deformed when working with the press.
The base of the bed is made in the form of a platform; the width of the platform is selected in accordance with the workpieces that are planned to be processed using the unit being manufactured. A profile pipe is used to manufacture the vertical posts of the frame. The height of the racks is calculated depending on the maximum length of the bottle jack rod and the thickness of the removable stop. The length of the stop must be equal to the length of the support platform.
The platform, racks and lower stop are connected by welding into a single structure rectangular shape. When connecting structural elements, the angles should be controlled: they must be straight.
After production rectangular frame a removable stop is made: this element will move freely in a vertical plane using guides and exert pressure on the workpiece. To make the stop you will need several strips of steel with a thickness of at least 10 mm. The strips are welded on one side to each other.
To install a removable stop on the frame, steel plates are secured to the block using bolts. Plates at correct installation are located on both sides of the bed posts and limit the free movement of the removable stop from side to side.
The jack is secured between the platform and the stop. The fastening must be carried out in such a way that the end of the jack rod in the lower position is inserted into the stop retainer. The base of the jack is bolted to the stop.
Making a press with additional settings
There can be many variations of homemade hydraulic presses.
In some cases, when using a press, it becomes necessary to reduce the free stroke length of the jack rod. For this purpose, it is necessary to reduce the distance between the removable and lower stops.
Reducing the distance is achieved by installing an additional transition profile with a square cross-section. The length of the profile is equal to the distance between the side posts of the unit.
The second method of regulation involves creating an additional stop at the bottom of the unit. To install it, holes are drilled opposite each other in the side frame posts at the required height. The movable stop is fixed at this height using bolted fastening.
If it is necessary to reduce the distance between the press stops, you can use various pads and anvils. The use of each method individually or in combination can significantly reduce the time spent on bringing the movable stop to the workpiece, which significantly speeds up the implementation of work operations.
Good operation of the unit is ensured quality work jack. For this reason, it is recommended to carry out constant maintenance of this press assembly, which consists of checking the functionality, cleaning and bleeding of the device. In addition, during operation it is undesirable to allow leaks of the working fluid to occur.
For some operations, a home craftsman may need a press with significant compression force, but purchasing equipment of this class will be completely unjustified. Today we will tell you how to assemble a reliable press based on a hydraulic car jack in a few hours.
What and how to assemble a frame for the press?
The material for the frame, its structural strength and the method of assembly should be determined by the pressure that the jack is capable of delivering. For accurate calculations, it is important to understand in which direction the loads act during operation.
The base of the press is a rectangular U-shaped frame made of a channel or a paired steel angle. The main acting force is the resistance to compression, expressed in concentrated load. The main force is concentrated in the centers of the horizontal crossbars. Tensile forces vertical racks press, and the phenomena of deformation in compressed parts can be completely neglected.
1 - upper thrust beam; 2 - bolts; 3 - jack 20 t; 4 — return springs; 5 - movable beam; 6 — locking pin; 7 - adjustable support beam; 8 - transverse beam; 9 - legs from corners
For installation with a compressive force of up to 5 tons, you can safely use the following to make a frame:
- Channel according to GOST 8240-89, standard size 8P.
- A pair of hot-rolled angles according to GOST 8509-93, size 50x5 mm, connected with 10 mm rods every 20-25 cm, or with a solid weld.
Let us immediately make a reservation that we provide approximate data on rolled metal for a frame with interior window no wider than 100 cm. By analogy, when using a jack with a force of up to 10 tons, the frame should be made of:
- Channel size 10P.
- Twin angle steel 63x7 mm, solid seam connection with internal inserts of nominal cross-section.
If the required compression force reaches 15 tons or higher, then the frame should be made of:
- Channel size 14P.
- Twin angle 75x8 mm, connection similar to the previous one.
The above proposal for rolled metal products implies a tenfold safety margin, which completely eliminates exceeding the limit of elastic deformation and is normal for installations of this kind. All frame joints must be welded with solid double-sided seams and butt cut. If the connection is not made by welding, assembly with bolts or cotter pins is allowed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible load for cutting
At bolted connection the main load becomes dispersed and the compression force of the press must be divided by the number of bolts or fingers. The destructive shear force of bolts made of the most common steel ST-3 is:
- M10 - about 2500-3000 kg.
- M12 - 4000-4500 kg.
- M14 - 5500-6000 kg.
To ensure the required safety margin, each fastening element must experience a load five times less than the destructive load. For steel fingers, the force can be taken 10-15% higher specified values. If the required number of fasteners cannot be placed in a corner unit, you should increase the strength with gussets, for which it is preferable to use corner steel instead of sheet steel. The same applies to welded structure frames, which also helps to avoid the use of excessively massive rolled steel.
In addition to the loaded upper part, the frame includes two racks with legs that provide the press with sufficient stability, and cross beam, which can be adjustable when processing parts different sizes. The cross-section of the upper and lower beams must be equivalent, as well as the cross-section of their fastening elements. Everyone is free to implement the legs and support according to their own considerations; they do not experience work loads in addition to the own weight of the press. The only requirement is the presence of a bottom crossbar, which gives the structure additional rigidity.
Which jack to use and how to modify it
The most affordable and suitable for making a home press would be a glass-type hydraulic car jack. As mentioned above, you have the right to choose the working force to suit your tasks; there are relatively inexpensive devices on sale that can squeeze up to 20 tons or even more.
The main problem with using these jacks is their inability to work in an upside-down position. It seems most logical to mount the jack permanently on the upper beam and use the lower one as a support for the part. However, this will require modification of the hydraulic mechanism.
The first option for modifying the jack is to install an additional expansion tank with a capacity of about 300 ml. The tank is connected to the filler hole of the jack with a regular silicone tube. To ensure a tight fit, you can use threaded fittings for the oxygen hose, which are available in any auto parts store.
Another modification option will require disassembling the jack. It is necessary to completely drain the oil and pump the plunger, then tighten the upper clamping nut, holding it in a vice. After that rubber mallet If the outer glass becomes loose, it should come out of the seat ring at the base of the jack. Immediately next to the plunger lever there is a hole for collecting the working fluid. The whole problem lies here: the glass is not completely filled and therefore, when upside down, the hole does not come into contact with the oil. To eliminate this, you need to tightly press a tube into it, almost the entire height of the glass.
If you do not redo the jack, you will have to implement more complex mechanism with an additional third beam. It should slide along the side guide posts and have a tight enough fit so that the jack does not move when pressure is pumped up. In our case, the jack is simply attached in an inverted position to the center of the upper beam. There is no need for massive bolts here; it is enough to make a couple of holes in the jack’s support plate and provide fixation with M10 or M8 bolts that can withstand the weight of the jack itself and a slight shear force at the initial stage of compression.
Manufacturing of clamping pads
The jack rod is not very convenient to use; it usually requires an increased area of compressing headstocks to use a wide range of molds and work with large parts. In this case, the force must be distributed evenly over the entire area of the compressed surfaces, without causing deformation.
In the simplest case, short, solid ingots can act as clamping blocks. It is enough to simply make blind holes with threads for fixing them to the main structure of the press. But this kind of detail is not always available to the average person, so we offer an option self-made headstocks that can withstand significant compression forces without harm.
The top headstock must be able to be integrally fastened with the jack rod, which prevents shifting during operation. Simply put, a blind hole should be made in the headstock into which the heel of the jack will fit with minimal clearance. You will also need a pair of holes for attaching the return mechanism springs.
Both headstocks can be made from two sections of channel or four pieces of angle, forming a parallelepiped with open side edges. Seams on the planes through which the axis of the main working force passes should be welded with a continuous seam from the inside, the rest - from the outside. One of the faces is blanked with a square insert, after which the internal cavity is filled with sand concrete grade 500. After hardening, the headstock is welded on the other side, so two incompressible blocks are obtained.
To fit it on the jack, it is enough to weld a piece of pipe of the appropriate diameter in the upper part of the headstock, which will act as a casing for the glass. For even greater reliability, a washer with a hole for the heel of the rod is attached to the bottom of the sleeve. The headstock can simply be placed on an adjustable beam, but it is better to weld a couple of corners or steel rods to limit the shift.
Adjustable support beam
As you already know, the lower beam must have a cross-section no smaller than that of the upper one, but it differs in design. Support table It is made of two channels, with the ribs facing outwards, which are placed on opposite sides of the racks and welded in the central part with inserts from angle or thick reinforcement. There is free space along the center of the beam, which explains the need to make the bottom support block. The latter should rest on at least half the width of each shelf; the shear stops are welded in the center of the lower part.
The best option for fixing the beam to the racks is with the help of massive steel pins. To do this, a number of round cuts should be made in the vertical channels of the frame different heights with parallel arrangement. As you understand, the diameter of the pins cannot be less than the total cross-section of all the bolts used to fasten the upper part of the frame.
Return mechanism
The last part of the structure homemade press- a spring mechanism that will fold the jack when the bypass valve is open. For this purpose, ordinary springs for finishing doors are suitable, which can be purchased in unlimited quantities at any hardware store.
The task is complicated when using an upper headstock, the significant dead weight of which will not allow the springs to compress. Alternatively, you can increase the number of springs to four or six, or use more powerful extension springs for the gate.
If there is no upper block, it is necessary to secure the springs to the jack rod. To do this, you will need a washer, the internal hole of which is larger than the rod adjusting screw, but smaller than the diameter of the piston. The spring is attached to it through two small holes along the edges and fixed to the top beam in the same way or on welded hooks. It is not necessary to position the spring strictly vertically; you can compensate for the excess length with an inclined position.
When working in an auto repair shop, it is often necessary to do pressing work. This will require special equipment - a hydraulic press. You can purchase it or make it yourself.
The relevance of manufacturing a hydraulic press
Most often, this equipment is needed for installation and repair work. Some suspension or chassis components must be properly removed for restoration work.
The main difficulty is the cost of the hydraulic press. Despite the fact that it uses the principle of an ordinary jack, the price of the equipment can reach several hundred thousand rubles. Often it is this fact that determines the desire to make a hand press yourself.
Main advantages of operation homemade design made from a hand jack with your own hands are as follows:
- the ability to adapt equipment for a specific type of work. This applies to both technical indicators and performance;
- low cost. The possibility of using scrap materials will significantly affect the final price. The main thing is to choose the right hydraulic jack, since it is the main component of the machine;
- maintainability. This is reflected in the cost of operation. It is important to initially make a high-quality press and choose correct model hydraulic jack.
In addition to the traditional removal of bearings from a car hub, the equipment can perform a number of useful actions. First of all, this concerns the process of controlled deformation of steel structures.
One of the advantages of a self-made model is small sizes. The machine can be placed in any part of the car service center. The main thing is to ensure ease of installation of parts that need to be processed.
Hydraulic press design
When choosing an equipment diagram, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical papers of the factory models. This will help you create the optimal drawing of a hydraulic machine. Take necessary information available on the manufacturers' websites.
One of the main conditions is the stability of the structure and the ability to withstand heavy loads. That's why Special attention must be given to the press frame. The main components will be located on it.
The most simple model for a car repair shop consists of the following elements:
- supporting frame. Made from channels and angles. The recommended steel thickness is from 2 to 5 mm.
- hydraulic jack. For execution standard work a model with a lifting capacity of 12 tons is suitable. It is best to use conventional bottle models;
- support table The part to be processed will be located on it. It should consist of two channels with a distance between them. The jack rod will be lowered into it;
- nozzle. It is installed on the working piston. Designed for pressing out parts with different diameters.
This is a general diagram of equipment made by hand. It is recommended to first calculate the required load forces on paper, and perhaps select a pump to increase the operating speed.
It is important that the press support legs increase stability. Additionally, you can install adjusting bolts, which are used to calibrate the position of the equipment and the jack.
Making a hydraulic press with your own hands
First you need to select the tools and Consumables for making a hydraulic press with your own hands. For this you will need a welding machine. Argon welding is not recommended.
A diagram is drawn up in advance, indicating all the dimensions of the press and its components. This can be done on paper or in in electronic format. For production, you can use any available materials. But in order for a self-made press to last for a long time, it is recommended to use the following components:
- channel 8. The frame is made from it;
- corner 50*50. Used as stiffeners. It is also used to make a movable platform for the mechanical part so that it can change its position relative to the horizontal axis;
- bolts for fixation. In the upper part of the press, it is best to use two methods of fastening components - mechanical and by welding;
- jack. It is recommended to install the simplest bottle-type model. It is important that its load capacity corresponds to the design parameters;
- springs. They are necessary to return the platform to its original state.
Making a press with your own hands starts with the frame. First, holes are drilled using a drill to install the mounting bolts. Then, according to the plan, the structure is welded and fixed.
The next stage of work is the installation of the jack. It is best to prepare a separate platform on which the hydraulic equipment will be mounted. The rod can be located either at the top or at the bottom. For convenience, you can make a movable platform mounted on the upper horizontal channel. It is important to install the jack correctly so that it does not jam when the air is released.
The springs must be stiff enough to lift the weight of the hydraulic platform to its original level. There is no need to make them yourself - just buy furniture ones.