A stepladder is certainly a useful tool on the farm. With its help, you can finish the ceiling and upper part of the walls during repairs, remove dust from a tall cabinet, wash the windows of the cottage outside and inside, trim trees, etc. This tool is not too expensive. However, if you wish, you can not spend money on purchasing it at all, but make it yourself. Moreover, the stepladder assembly technology is extremely simple.
What types of stepladders are there?
Most often, stairs of this type are made with your own hands from timber or boards. Advantage wooden models First of all, they are easy to assemble and inexpensive.
Such designs are quite convenient to use. Metal stairs, made even from a corner with a narrow shelf, have quite a lot of weight. In addition, to assemble such a ladder you need welding machine. To make a wooden stepladder, you will only need standard carpentry tools available in any household.
Block-shaped folding stairs may vary in design. Commonly used outdoors large stepladders with support part. For interior spaces, it is better to make a small ladder-chair. Next, we’ll look at how to make a stepladder with your own hands, of both types.
How to assemble a large stepladder
In order to make a staircase from a board with your own hands, you need to prepare the following tools:
- wood hacksaw;
- meter ruler;
- drill;
- hammer.
The materials you will need are a 50x30 mm block. Both the racks and the steps of the stairs will be made from it. General the length of the bar should be about 13-14 m. Specialized companies usually sell lumber in standard lengths of 6 or 12 m.
Therefore, most likely, you will have to purchase three bars of 6 m. But the remains will certainly come in handy later on the farm. Sometimes wooden stepladders are assembled not from timber, but from 25x80 mm boards. In this case, you will also have to purchase three pieces.
In addition to lumber, to assemble a wooden stepladder with your own hands, you will need to buy various kinds additional elements (bolts, spokes, corners, hinges, glue, etc.). Before starting work, the timber or board should be thoroughly treated with an antiseptic.
Stepladder sketch
Before you start assembling, of course, you need to develop a drawing of the future folding staircase. It should be taken into account that it should be narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. This will give the structure stability.
You can also not bother with developing a circuit and find a ready-made one on the Internet. Or use the drawing presented in the figure below. Next, a description of the assembly of just such a ladder will be given.
How to make bowstrings and steps
Do-it-yourself wooden stepladder stands are made as follows:
- Four strings 150 mm long are cut from the timber. Two of them will support the steps, two will go to the supporting part of the stepladder.
- Grooves 2 cm deep are made in two bowstrings and 2.5 cm high over the entire width of the beam. The middle of the first groove from the top should be located at a distance of 12.5 cm from the top of the bowstring. The next ones - in increments of 29 cm.
- In two racks intended for support, three of the same grooves are made for jumpers. One is placed at the height of the first future step of the stepladder, the second - at the level of the last and the third - in the middle.
Those ends of the racks, which will subsequently be located on top, should be rounded, removing sharp corners. The lower edges should be cut at such an angle that the stepladder is stable when unfolded, and then covered with rubber. This operation can be carried out immediately, or after assembling the stairs.
The steps of the stepladder are cut according to the drawing. That is, in our case their length will be 37, 42, 47, 52, 57 and 50 cm. In each of the steps you need to make spikes on both sides 2.5 cm thick and 2 cm long.
Assembly of the working part
On next stage the steps are inserted into the grooves of the racks. The tenons can be pre-coated with wood glue. The grooves in the bowstrings must be made in such a way that the spikes of the steps fit into them as tightly as possible. Otherwise, the stepladder may become loose later.
The spikes of the steps are driven into the grooves of the racks using a hammer. After all the steps are installed in place, they are secured with bolts from the end through the bowstring.
If the stepladder is assembled not from timber, but from boards, you need to act a little differently. In this case, it will not be possible to make grooves. The thickness of the board is simply not enough for this. On such stepladders, the easiest way is to attach the steps to steel corners with long shelves screwed to the bowstrings.
To make the folding ladder as reliable and durable as possible, the strings of the working part can be additionally fastened with knitting needles. In this case, holes are drilled under the grooves. After installing the steps, spokes are inserted into them and tightened on both sides with bolts.
Assembling a stepladder
After the supporting and working parts have been assembled, they need to be connected to each other. Perform this operation using hinges or brackets. On final stage A restraining chain is attached at the bottom of the stepladder. It will not allow the supporting and working parts to diverge too widely.
How to make a step-stool on stringers
Small folding stairs are usually used inside a house or apartment. A standard oversized stepladder may not be very convenient if the ceilings in the rooms are low.
Assembling a ladder chair with your own hands is a little different from a regular stepladder. Since it is small in size, it is not necessary to make it foldable. In essence, such a stepladder on stringers is an ordinary small ladder with three steps.
The actual assembly of the chair is as follows:
- Stringer walls are cut from two boards. Their width should be selected in such a way that the depth of the step is at least 18–19 cm. That is, you will need a board at least 54 cm wide. In this case, the step stool will be safe.
- Next, two steps made of boards are attached to the stringers. Their length can be any (for example, 50 cm).
- Same board nailed to the upper ends of the stringer walls.
- Behind the wall of the step stool need to be connected with a jumper.
The result should be approximately the same design as in the figure. In order to make the chair more aesthetically pleasing and extend its service life, the boards can be coated with varnish or special oil for wood.
Do-it-yourself stepladder chair with bowstrings
Of course, if you wish, you can make a more compact folding step-stool with your own hands. For example, such as is shown in the drawing below. Making such a structure, of course, will be more difficult than simple model on stringers. However, it will be more convenient to use.
This original model can simultaneously perform two functions - serve as a chair and a stepladder itself. To make such a structure, it is better to take thick plywood rather than a board. Otherwise it may turn out too heavy.
You can assemble such a step-stool with your own hands using the following technology:
- Bowstring walls are cut from a piece of plywood chair with supports for the back. In order to make figured parts, it is worth using a pre-prepared pattern.
- Each of the two resulting racks is cut at an angle into two parts according to the drawing.
- For both parts learned(support and working) is attached along the step.
- Fixed the back of the chair.
- The seat is being made of two parts connected by loops and attached to the upper end of each bowstring.
If the chair is made of wood, the steps are fastened using the same technology as when assembling a large stepladder. In this case, the seat can be fixed with self-tapping screws, and the back also with finger joint. If plywood is chosen as the material, the parts will have to be fastened with dowels and PVA glue. Additionally, you can use self-tapping screws. After the folding chair is assembled, all its surfaces should be sanded. Wherein Special attention It is worth paying attention to sharp edges. At the final stage, the stepladder, as in the first case, is coated with varnish or oil.
A stepladder made of wood, made with your own hands, is necessary equipment V household. Of course, you can buy a ready-made stepladder; manufacturers offer a wide range of them.
But, firstly, it is quite expensive, and secondly, it is not always possible to find the size you need, which is especially important if you have a garden. Making a stepladder with your own hands is not difficult, and such an event can be carried out by anyone.
Design features
At its core, a do-it-yourself wooden stepladder is a portable folding wooden ladder that does not need additional support, since it itself, when extending, provides support. The stability of the structure, as a rule, is ensured by the triangular shape, which appears after the lower part of the main elements, which have a hinged connection at the top, are pulled apart. Basically, a stepladder is an ordinary ladder to which a side support is attached.
The main parameters of such a device are the width of the lower part, which provides the necessary stability, and the height of the structure (when unfolded and folded). Essential Requirements requirements for such a ladder are stability, reliability and mechanical strength, ease of use.
A homemade stepladder is provided with the necessary stability by spreading the legs at the bottom, making the ladder itself with a downward expansion and fixing the spread legs in the maximum position. Reliability (strength) wooden structure is due to the choice of a sufficiently strong beam, fixation of the steps in the grooves, and strengthening of the steps with metal rods. Finally, for convenience, a do-it-yourself stepladder is equipped with an upper platform, and the step of the steps is selected optimal for climbing.
Stepladder design
You can make a stepladder with your own hands different designs: classic, in the form of an isosceles triangle; telescopic with legs extending to increase height; team of several constituent elements for the same purpose, etc. The most widely used is a simple sliding stepladder, which forms a triangle when opened (when viewed from the side).
The classic design has the following elements: a staircase with an extension downwards; a support similar to a ladder, but without steps (sometimes a second ladder is used as a support - a double-sided option); upper hinge joint; upper platform (folding); maximum extension lock; reinforcing rods. To make a stepladder with your own hands, you can use the drawings shown in Fig. 1 (Fig. 1, drawing of the parts of a simple stepladder).
Required Tools
When making a stepladder from wood with your own hands, you will need the following tool:
- Bulgarian;
- plane;
- screwdriver;
- hacksaw;
- chisel;
- hammer;
- electric drill;
- wrenches;
- screwdriver;
- construction knife;
- roulette;
- metal ruler.
The procedure for manufacturing and assembling the structure
How to make a stepladder out of wood with your own hands? First of all, you need to choose suitable drawing or do it yourself with detailed elaboration. In general, the question of how to make a stepladder is solved in several stages.
Making stairs. The basis of the staircase, made with your own hands from wood, is made up of two side beams measuring 60x60 mm and 2 m long each. The steps are made from the same timber. The staircase posts are positioned so that there is a distance of 60 cm between them at the bottom and 40 cm at the top. The bottom step is attached at a height of 30 cm, and all subsequent ones in increments of 30-40 cm.
Figure 1. Drawing of the parts of a simple stepladder.Manufacturing begins with making cuts to attach the steps using a hacksaw and chisel. The cutting depth is 15-20 mm. Then the steps are sequentially fixed: first - the lowest one, then - the top one, after that - the intermediate ones. Fastening is carried out with screws or nails. Reinforcing bars are fixed under each step metal rods with a diameter of 15-20 mm. At the top (with reverse side in relation to the steps), a lintel made of timber 60x60 or 60x30 mm is attached to install the upper platform.
Manufacturing of the supporting part. A wooden stepladder must have a support in the form of an element similar to a ladder. For its manufacture, 2 beams 60x60 cm and 2 m long are also used. The beams are fastened with two horizontal beams (at a distance of 30 cm above and below) and a diagonal beam or board. When making a support, it should be taken into account that the upper part, when articulated, must fit between the beams of the stairs. To do this, the distance between the beams at the top is reduced by two thicknesses of the beam.
Assembly of the structure. Assembling a stepladder begins with combining the ladder and the support at the top. They must be connected using a steel axle with a diameter of at least 20 mm. It is recommended to strengthen the location of the axle with a metal strip (on outside stairs and inside supports). Into the hole wooden parts It is better to install metal bushings.
This video shows the process of making a small wooden stepladder:
A wooden platform made of 25x25 mm timber or 25 mm thick board is installed on top of the axis between the beams. The platform is secured to the axle using metal clamps with the ability to lift it.
Approximately in the middle part of the stepladder, a clamp for maximum extension of the legs is attached. You can use a mounting strap.
This fastener is installed on both sides of the structure. The attachment to the beams must be reliable. It is recommended to cut the lower end of all legs at an angle so that when extended to the maximum, the entire area of the legs is in contact with the ground (floor).
This video shows the process of making a folding stepladder:
A wooden stepladder, made with your own hands, is a very necessary and useful device in the household. You can make it yourself, even without carpentry skills.
A DIY stepladder made of wood is a functional, lightweight and mobile ladder that will not be superfluous in any household. With the help of a stepladder, you can easily do both repair work (paint the ceiling or walls upstairs, glue wallpaper) and carry out everyday activities- replace the light bulb, clean the mezzanines, wash the chandelier. If necessary, you can take a folding stepladder with you to the dacha to collect crops from trees or carry out other manipulations that require a stable, high stand under your feet.
Assembling a stepladder yourself is not difficult, especially if you choose wood as the material for manufacturing. The main thing is to understand the principle and basic nuances of making a folding ladder, and then you can make a stepladder according to your size and needs.
How to choose material?
There are a great variety of wood options suitable for making stepladders. When making a choice, you need to take into account not only the functional features of the future product (height, how much weight it should withstand, number of steps), but also the moment of storage. If a portable ladder will be in the apartment all the time, and there is no way to hide it, it is advisable to attach a stepladder decorative look. It is advisable to make the “apartment” staircase so that it fits into general interior premises - for example, make a stepladder in the form of a transformable chair or one that can be used as a stand for flower pots.
In this case, you need to choose a type of wood that has a beautiful texture and matches the rest of the furniture, doors or other design elements. The finished product can also be varnished, wood oil or stain, and painted in the desired shade.
If the stepladder is hidden from prying eyes, external features trees are not important. Much more attention should be paid to its “working” qualities - hardness, resistance to cracking and rotting. Pine is considered the most durable, long-lasting, and at the same time inexpensive tree, and a stepladder made of pine boards will serve faithfully for several years, even if used in a country house or local area.
When purchasing material for a future stepladder, you need to understand that this structure must withstand the weight of an adult, as well as some cargo: tools, containers of paint, and the like. Therefore, the wood should be dense, moderately dry, and not have chips and, especially, cracks.
Table No. 1. Characteristics of popular lumber
| Wood | Description |
|---|---|
| The most common lumber, which is very convenient to process. Pine is resinous, so it is not afraid of moisture and does not rot for a long time. The soft structure of such wood accepts and absorbs various varnishes, stains or impregnations well. |
| Light and durable, spruce wood is good because it very tenaciously “holds” all kinds of fastening materials - bolts, screws, nails. Spruce is less resinous than pine, but has a larger number of knots. This type of wood is well suited for making stepladders. |
| Wood that is traditionally used to make luxury furniture - the shade and texture of oak looks luxurious and attracts the eye. An oak staircase, made conscientiously, can retain its properties for decades. functionality, but such wood is too expensive to make a stepladder from. |
| The density and strength of birch lumber is average, and the finished product will have the same indicators - over time, a birch ladder can become rotten, if the air is too dry, it can crack, and wormholes also appear in the birch. But, at the same time, the material lends itself well to processing, is perfectly polished and absorbs paints and varnishes. |
| This is enough expensive material, but heavy, dense and reliable. At the same time, cedar lends itself well to carpentry, and products made from such wood can long time be used in unfavorable conditions street conditions, and nothing will happen to them. |
| This is a soft and pliable wood with a uniform structure, in which there are practically no knots. However, aspen lumber is considered porous, which makes it difficult to make small parts. An aspen staircase is easy to saw and assemble, but it will not last too long. |
| Linden materials are very popular among many carpenters, because this wood practically does not undergo final shrinkage, which means it does not crack or warp. At the same time, the structure of linden wood is dense and viscous, so the finished products do not rot or get wet. |
| This wood is so dense in structure that building materials made from it even sink in water. At the same time, larch practically does not rot, and wood-boring beetles do not grow in it. The downside is that larch is not easy to process, but for making a rough and massive stepladder, such a tree is perfect. |
Important point! Particular attention should be paid to the degree of drying of the wood. If the wood is not dry enough, or, on the contrary, is too dry, nothing can be made from such material, much less a staircase. Through certain time such pieces of wood will “lead” and using such a stepladder will be extremely risky.
Preparing to make a stepladder
A folding stepladder may be needed for various purposes. If you are assembling a ladder for use in a garage, some utility room or for big house, then its dimensions should not be small. It is worth considering that a person must not only reach the top point he needs, but also be able to freely do the work. Accordingly, the first thing you need to do is calculate the height of the future structure.
The optimal height for a regular household stepladder is about 1.5 – 1.7 meters. Taking into account medium height ceilings in houses and apartments, an adult will be able to reach the very top, even standing on the penultimate step.
If you plan to reach higher from the stepladder - for example, to the tops fruit trees or the roof of a private house, the recommended height of the stairs should be from 2.5 to 3.5 meters. It is not advisable to make a longer stepladder - the product will turn out to be bulky, and the excess consumption of materials will cost a pretty penny.
Another important parameter, which needs to be calculated is the tread. A tread is the width of one step. For ordinary stairs used in an apartment, the tread can be made within 25-30 centimeters. If the stepladder will be used for repairs, or for harvesting or regularly lifting and lowering loads, it is better to increase the tread to 30-35 centimeters. Please note that a stepladder needs steps not so much to climb them, but to perform some actions at height, so the support should be as wide as possible.
As for the length of the steps, it changes for a stepladder - the higher the step, the shorter it is. The classic design is assembled according to the principle of a truncated pyramid. We recommend making the longest steps about 55 centimeters in length, and the top ones – 35 centimeters. Such parameters will be enough to make it convenient to both climb and descend the stairs.
The last nuance is the number of steps. You can decide this yourself so that you can feel comfortable using the stepladder. Typically, a distance of about 20-25 centimeters is maintained between steps. You should take into account the overall height of the stepladder and the angle at which its “legs” will move apart—the steepness. If the whole number of steps does not fit, then the interval between the penultimate step and the working platform must be reduced.
Assembling a stepladder according to a ready-made drawing with dimensions is not difficult - even a novice master can do it. But, there are nuances that it is better to find out in advance so as not to encounter problems during the work process:
Table No. 2. Options for stepladders
| View, illustration | Description |
|---|---|
| A variant of a miniature stepladder, the height of which is usually 70-90 centimeters. You can work on this design both standing and sitting. A stepladder-chair can have two, three or five steps, at the top there is a working platform, which is also a seat. |
| This stepladder has a fixed platform at the top, which is quite spacious for a person to work from above for a long time. Typically, such stepladders have a height of about 1.3 meters and are used during finishing repair work. It is not advisable to store such a ladder at home, since it is not compact. |
| This stepladder has steps on one side only, with a support bar on the other for added rigidity. It's pretty easy compact staircase, which is convenient to use at home. But, it is worth considering that the design is not very stable. |
| It is more stable and convenient option due to the fact that the steps are located on both sides of the structure. The advantage of a double-sided stepladder is that two people can be on it at the same time. Also, the second side with steps can be used to place tools or hang necessary items (for example, when hanging wallpaper). |
| This is a more massive structure, with locking wheels installed on the legs to facilitate movement. This model resembles an extendable one-sided staircase, but usually the rolling one has a greater height. To move the ladder, you need to lift the wheel locks, and when the structure is installed on in the right place, the clamps are lowered again to make the ladder immobile. |
The indicated options and recommendations should be enough to understand the manufacturing technology of a simple wooden stepladder, as well as to determine its dimensions and other operating parameters. Then you can proceed directly to assembling the stairs.
Video - Do-it-yourself folding stepladder
Making a stepladder from timber
Prices for various types of timber
To make the most primitive one-sided stepladder, you will need bars with a cross-section of 6x4 centimeters:
Step-by-step instruction
Step 1. The same markings are applied to the two support posts to which the steps will be attached. The distance between the steps will be 40 centimeters, the lowest step will be located 10 centimeters from the bottom edge of the support.
Step 2. According to the applied markings, you need to select grooves one and a half centimeters deep in the long beams, and cut “spikes” of the same size at the edges of the steps (the photo below shows what we are talking about).
Step 3. The support posts need to be placed upward with their grooves, aligned with each other and begin assembling the main part of the stepladder. There should be a distance of 40 centimeters between the upper ends of the bars, and 60 centimeters between the lower ends. Step bars must be inserted into the prepared grooves and hammered in with nails or secured with self-tapping screws.
Prices for the range of drills
Step 4. Next, the second half of the stepladder is assembled - both parts are connected between a Z-shaped support. The support beams can be connected to the main beams using wooden choppers coated with wood glue.
Step 5. You need to put rubber pads on all four legs of the stepladder or firmly glue pieces of thick rubber - this way you can prevent the ladder from accidentally sliding on smooth surfaces.
Step 6. The support with the steps and the support with the crossbar must be connected and then screwed to the upper ends metal locks with hinges so as to form a drop-down structure.
Step 7 The finished structure can be coated clear varnish or impregnation that protects against moisture. This way you can wash the ladder with a wet cloth, or you can work on it outside even in rainy weather.
Prices for oil
Oil paint for outdoor use
Assembling a wooden stepladder is a simple and intuitive job. Depending on what functions it should perform ready product, you can be guided by its dimensions, appearance, configuration. If work needs to be done quickly, for example garden plot, literally in half an hour you can put together a temporary stepladder from two long boards and shorter crossbars - steps.
However, if you want a stepladder that will last long years, it is better to give preference metal models. For the same reason, wooden stepladders are very difficult to find on sale. But if a wooden structure suits your idea, make it yourself.
For two-story houses and houses with an attic, it is necessary to make a staircase. Most affordable option- DIY production. To create such a design you need to have enough theoretical and practical knowledge. You can read about that in our special article.
Video - DIY stepladder made of wood
In the house and on personal plot, during repairs or spring cleaning, as well as in many other situations, a stepladder is an irreplaceable thing. Stepladders are stair structures that have the shape of an isosceles triangle. Possible various options depending on the configuration and material of manufacture. In this article we will talk about wooden structures. A wooden stepladder is a product that is not only environmentally friendly and easy to manufacture and maintain, but also has an excellent appearance, thanks to which it can even act as interior decor.
Features and types of wooden stepladders
A wooden stepladder has a fairly simple and uncomplicated structure. However, there are several characteristic features of this design:
- The ladder usually has a platform or safety strap at the top, making it stable and safe.
- From below, the legs are sometimes fastened in pairs using two horizontal supports, which also makes the structure more reliable.
- The maximum possible length of such a ladder is 5 m.
- The upper limit of carrying capacity is 100 kg.
- Wood is a material that is quite sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity.
The following types of construction can be distinguished:
- models with narrow steps,
- with wide steps
- one-sided designs,
- double sided stairs,
- models with a top platform,
- wooden with .
Use Cases
Unlike their metal counterparts, which are typically used in professional fields, a wooden stepladder has already become an integral attribute of the domestic sphere. Quite often it also finds application in public places, for example, in city libraries.
This is primarily due to some advantages of wood:
- It is quite resistant to mechanical stress.
- It is a relatively inexpensive material.
- Easy to process and repair.
- It has an attractive appearance and is pleasant to the touch.
- Is different long term operation.
For the manufacture of such structures, it is recommended to use durable wood without knots and cracks. Only then will the product be of high quality, reliable and convenient. A well-installed staircase will become an indispensable assistant on the farm. With its help you can get things from the top shelves and mezzanines, wash windows or harvest crops in the garden.
DIY wooden stepladder
Before you begin manufacturing parts and installation, you need to select a staircase model and prepare a drawing.
We are offering to you standard option making such a staircase.
The whole process takes place in several stages:
- A beam with a cross section of 6x6 cm is cut into strips. You should end up with 4 strings, 2 bars to support the steps, and 2 for support.
- Two bowstrings are provided with grooves 2 cm deep and 2.5 cm high throughout. The first groove is placed 12 cm from the top, the next grooves are cut at a distance of approximately 29 cm from each other.
- 3 grooves with the same dimensions are cut in the bowstrings. Jumpers will be attached to them (bottom, top and middle of the structure).
- The upper edge of the support bars is rounded, and the lower edge is trimmed so that the ladder stands stably on the surface. Rubber is attached to the legs.
- Next, the steps are made. For them, a block 2.5 cm thick is used. Each of them is equipped with spikes 2.5 cm wide and 2 cm long on both sides.
- The assembly process begins with fixing the steps on the support posts. To achieve greater structural strength, you will need wood glue. They lubricate the spikes with it before installing them in the grooves of the bowstrings. Each tenon should fit very tightly into the groove. For convenience, you can use a hammer in this process. Finally, the steps are additionally fixed at the ends of the strings using nails.
- If boards, rather than timber, are used to make a staircase, then the attachment to the string is made not in a groove, but using steel corners.
- Next, at the top of the structure, hinges are fixed on both sides using self-tapping screws. A limiter is installed on each side to control the opening angle.
- The design can be supplemented with hooks or short pieces of pipe with a small diameter. They can be used if during work it is necessary to secure some tool, for example, insert a hammer or hang something.
Processing of the finished structure
A stepladder, made by hand from wood, needs processing. Wood is a material that is quite sensitive to many factors. environment. To prevent the processes of deterioration and rotting, the product must be coated with an antiseptic composition. Stain is perfect for these purposes. It is better to process the parts before starting installation.
At the final stage, the finished staircase is processed again. This time, drying oil is used. After the layer has dried, paint or varnish is applied.
A wooden stepladder, made by yourself or purchased in a store, will help make home life more comfortable and also decorate the interior.
Hello everybody!
How to get to an object that is at a height beyond your reach? How to collect fruits from the very top of a tree or paint a house? Such questions, most likely, have visited you more than once; it was for these purposes that a special device was invented, which is called a Stepladder.
Stepladders are perhaps the most popular and necessary stairs, they are used in everyday life and in other areas of activity.
This article will describe the manufacturing method ladder, With detailed photo report.
To make the stairs we will need:
Materials:
Two beams 60*40 mm;
- timber 50*35 mm;
- self-tapping screws;
- dye.
Tool:
Wood saw or other available cutting tool;
- Sander;
- drill;
- hammer;
- axe;
- mount.
Let's start by taking two vertical strings with a beam cross-section of 60*40 mm, we take its length at our discretion, in in this case length was 3.6 m.
In order to make the stairs strong and the upper edge of the steps to be horizontal when tilted, we make special notches, apply markings in the places where we plan to install the steps, take the distance between the rungs to be 30 cm. We use timber for the steps with a section of 50 mm, according to these dimensions We make markings and apply them on both sides of the bowstring. Next, mark the depth of the notch - 15-20 mm. We connect the resulting marks with an oblique line, as shown in the photo.
Then, using a sharp ax and a hammer, we remove part of the wood at an angle, but before doing this, we need to make a recess along the marked line with a hacksaw, this is so that the timber does not split in a place that is unnecessary for us.
We use the ax as a plane, leveling the angle of the notch.
In a similar way we make notches on both bowstrings.
Next, using a grinding machine, we process the surface of the timber.
We need to carefully align the notches we made.
Now, using paint, we paint the inside of the nicks. Set them aside until completely dry.
Next, we take a beam with a cross section of 50*35 mm for the steps, it needs to be slightly modified. We take a plane and use it to remove the chamfer. We perform the same operation on each block.
Then you need to make one of the sides of the beams the base one; to do this, take a corner ruler and apply markings using a pencil.
When everything is ready, using cutting tool saw off all uneven edges, then treat the surface grinder, smooth the ends.
Now you can move on to making the upper and lower rungs of the stairs. In order to distinguish the top and bottom of the staircase, it needs to be made with a slight narrowing. The top part should be shorter than the bottom. We take the width of the stairs to be 65 cm at the bottom and 55 cm at the top. You can take other sizes at your discretion. Using a tape measure, mark the length.
Using a square, we apply markings in the place where the future step will be cut.
Let's start cutting.
When the steps are ready, we process the ends with a grinding machine.
Next, we find the center at the edges of the beam; to do this, we need to step back from each edge by half the thickness of the string (20 mm).
Then we make holes for self-tapping screws at the marked centers. The self-tapping screw should fit freely into this hole.
We make a countersink using a larger diameter drill.
Now we install the top and bottom crossbars, placing and aligning them in the notch. We make the ends of the steps flush with the side parts of the bowstrings. After this, through the existing holes in the steps, we make a mark of the place where the hole will need to be drilled. They are needed so that the screws do not split the wood when twisted. The holes were made with a drill 0.2-0.3 smaller than the thickness of the screws.
Now you can fix the step in its place, but before that you should paint the pressing side of the crossbar.
When the stairs are given the required dimensions, we add the missing steps; to do this, we lay out the prepared bars in the notches, aligning the base ends flush with the side parts of the bowstrings.