Despite the rich equipment of modern walk-behind tractors, not all of them are equipped with such a useful option as lighting. Fortunately, solving this problem is quite simple if you install the headlight on the walk-behind tractor with your own hands. Moreover, this does not require special skills or extensive experience.
Headlight for walk-behind tractor - self-production
Many owners of walk-behind tractors use headlights from domestic and imported cars to install them on their units. This method is the simplest, but you should remember that an old headlight on a walk-behind tractor will not emit a bright enough light and will not last more than a few months.
It is much better to make lighting for an agricultural machine yourself. You don't need to buy this expensive materials and equipment. You will need the same old headlight, the filling of which you will later replace with new parts.
The operating procedure is as follows:
- Remove the existing glass surface and other elements from the old headlight that are attached to the base using plastic clips;
- Next, make a plaster cast based on the headlight frame. For this purpose, pour the still liquid material into the base of the headlight along its entire perimeter. After the gypsum mass has completely dried, it must be carefully removed;
- Apply 3 layers of fiberglass to the cast. Between each of the tiers there should be a layer epoxy resin. Place the workpiece in a vacuum and wait at least a day - during this time the impression will completely harden. After this, level the workpiece so that there are not even the slightest chips left on it;
- Start making glass for homemade headlight. To do this, preheat the oven to 190 °C, make a stand from 8 slats fastened together and fix a sheet of fiberglass in it. Before putting the pan in the oven, do not forget to remove the material. protective film, otherwise it will be covered with dust particles;
- As soon as the material sag in the stand, remove it from the oven and apply it to the previously made workpiece. The product must be placed and kept under complete vacuum until it hardens.
After hardening, the manufactured headlight will need to be thoroughly sanded, degreased and dried. Next, 1–2 halogen lamps are placed inside it or LED Strip Light. Installation of the headlight on the walk-behind tractor is carried out after a thorough check lighting fixture. To install the headlight on a walk-behind tractor, be sure to use a reliable frame and at least 4 fasteners.
Connecting the headlight to the walk-behind tractor generator
Installing a light on a walk-behind tractor with your own hands is quite simple if you use the standard electric generator of an agricultural machine. Especially for this purpose, many equipment manufacturers produce walk-behind tractors with generators, the power reserve of which is slightly increased specifically for the installation of lighting. Thus, the power of the unit is quite sufficient to uninterruptedly supply power to lighting devices and sound signals.
To install the headlights on a walk-behind tractor and connect them to the generator, you need to proceed in this order:
- Connect the generator via a wire to the switch, which should be fixed near the steering wheel or in another place convenient for the operator;
- Disconnect the wiring from the switch and connect it to the headlight, then check the operation of the lighting device;
- Then disconnect the wires and place them in a dense corrugation that protects the wiring from moisture and mechanical damage.
If the generator has sufficient power reserve, the headlight will shine uninterruptedly and brightly. If the unit's power is insufficient, the headlight will flash every time the engine starts running at low speeds. In this case, it is best to replace the standard walk-behind tractor generator with a unit from MTZ brand tractors. It should be remembered that to install a new generator in the structure of the walk-behind tractor, you will need to weld additional support frames, and a lighting coil must be used to connect the node.
After connecting, regularly check the integrity of the wiring contacts, otherwise, if moisture gets on them, damage may occur. short circuit in the power supply of the walk-behind tractor.
How to make light on a walk-behind tractor without a generator?
There is another way that allows you to connect light to a walk-behind tractor without a generator. It will require a 12-volt battery and an LED strip. You don't have to buy a new battery - an old gel cell from an electric scooter will work just fine.
In addition to the materials, you will need to decide in advance where to install the battery. Since it has small dimensions, it is best to place it between the engine and the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor. The further work plan is as follows:
- Make a mount from a steel corner that will match the size of the battery you are using;
- Position and secure the mount on the unit frame;
- Install inside the mount battery, fix it with a steel plate and two bolts;
- Run wiring from the battery to the switch and headlight. Secure the connection points with soldering and insulate with tape. The video will help you learn more about connecting a headlight on a walk-behind tractor without a generator.
The light from the battery-powered headlight is quite intense and bright. However, this method has one significant drawback - the battery capacity will only last for a few hours of continuous operation, after which the power source will need to be charged.
Connecting an electric generator to a walk-behind tractor.
A powerful walk-behind tractor or cultivator can be equipped with an electric generator that will charge electric battery or power an electric lighting lamp to work in dark time days. The battery, in turn, is intended, first of all, to start the engine of the unit from an electric starter installed by the manufacturer or independently. For additional lighting, you can install one or more lamps with headlights or connect additional safety light indicators used when moving a walk-behind tractor with a towbar on public roads.
Giving away electric power a working electric generator must be sufficient for the installed electrical load, and to be more precise, when all installed electrical equipment is used simultaneously on the walk-behind tractor, the electric generator must ensure its operation without a drop in the output voltage and without changing the current consumed by electrical devices. The power reserve on the generator is desirable within 20% -30%.
The battery capacity must correspond to the starting current of the electric starter and the current at maximum load all electrical equipment. Well, what electrical equipment can be used on a walk-behind tractor? — Headlight, horn and electric starter. On the tow hitch there are direction indicators, brake lights, and side lights. Additional electrical equipment is installed on the tow hitch, from where its control and connector for connecting it are output, or directly on the unit itself, if it is used for conversion into a mini tractor.
Most designs of electric generators on walk-behind tractors are made without electrical excitation, but with excitation by rotating permanent magnets. Mostly single-phase generators are used alternating current, connected by two conductors to the on-board network through a separate electronic unit, which simultaneously functions as a rectifier, voltage stabilizer and current regulator while charging the battery.
Many who purchase walk-behind tractors that have been disassembled believe that the generator has two wires, one of which is ground and the other +. Somehow the generator is equipped with wires available from the assembler with different color coded and with terminals suitable for the connection: black - on the body, terminal for a bolt; red on +, under the connector.
With this connection, the electrical equipment of the walk-behind tractor b 
will be powered by alternating voltage, which will be noticeable on the connected electric lamp. Low revolutions - the lamp glows weakly, and at high engine speeds the glow on the lamp intensifies. With this connection, the battery is not charged, but, on the contrary, receives destructive impulses and is discharged into the generator winding. In the worst case, the generator winding overheats and burns out.
An example of this Chinese electric generator YFF1690 , the winding of which burned out due to incorrect connection to the electrical circuit two minutes after starting the unit’s engine. Details.
Electric walk-behind generator The YFF1690 is connected with two wires to the electronic unit, most of which are equipped with four wires, the two blue ones are designed to connect to the electric generator wires. The black wire from the electronic unit is connected to ground power unit, equipped with a battery and an electric generator.
The red wire is the stabilized voltage output, which powers the electrical equipment of the unit, and through which the battery connected through an ammeter is charged. Naturally, the electrical circuit contains an ignition switch, a light switch and even a horn button. And the most important and noticeable switch is the mass switch.
How does an electrical circuit work with a generator? YFF1690 .
The electrical voltage generated by the YFF1690 generator is supplied to a rectifier located in the electronic unit. Inside the electronic unit there is an electronic voltage stabilizer and electronic regulator current. The voltage stabilizer keeps the output voltage at the same level, regardless of the voltage generated by the generator, which varies depending on the speed of its rotor.
The current regulator regulates the charging current of the battery, which operates in buffer mode.
When the electric starter is turned on, that is, when the engine of the unit is started by the starter, the battery consumes a certain amount of current. The running engine transmits torque through a belt drive to the generator rotor, which will begin to generate electrical voltage supplied to the electronic unit. But since after starting the engine with an electric starter, the electrical capacity of the battery has decreased, all electrical consumers will be powered by the voltage removed from the electronic unit until the battery is charged to a level determined by the electrical capacity.
When the battery is fully charged, no voltage will be supplied from the electronic unit and all electrical appliances will be powered by the battery until the voltage at its terminals drops by 1/5 - 1/4 volts, after which the voltage supply from the electronic unit will resume and the battery will be recharged.
Switching on and off by the electronic unit occurs in a very short period of time, and monitoring of the charging process and consumption is carried out through an ammeter installed on the instrument panel.
Thus, the electronic unit is an electronic regulator-switch-stabilizer. Switch - regulates the charging current and switches consumption sources: battery - generator. Stabilizer - stabilizes the output voltage.
IN Lately very often the manufacturer of motor units completes the electrical equipment electronic units without a current regulator, which has a bad effect on the condition of the battery, which is constantly under voltage. Ammeter indicates D.C. charge within 3 - 6 amperes.
The battery overheats, the electrolyte boils away, the plates crumble, but this is in the worst case. The mains switch saves, which can be used after half an hour of operation, when additional lighting or other installed electrical appliances are not used.
There are many on sale good models walk-behind tractors - Neva, Centaur, Zubr and others. But, unfortunately, most of them come without standard lighting. And if you are lucky enough to buy a non-electrified unit, do not despair! Solving the problem with the lack of light will not be difficult, and we will tell you how to do it. A small modernization will only improve your device, and most importantly, increase its safety when you have to return from the field in the dark.
How to make light from a generator
The easiest way to make lighting for a walk-behind tractor is to use its “native” electric generator. Some manufacturers of motorcycles provide for this possibility and therefore install devices for generating electrical energy with some power reserve. It is enough to provide stable operation main electrical appliances of the engine unit and power supply for additional electrical equipment, such as direction indicators, headlights, and sound signal.
Connecting light from a standard electric generator is quite simple:
- the power generating device is connected by a wire to a switch mounted on the steering column;
- From the switch, wiring is routed to electrical equipment (in our case, this is a headlight);
- the wires are placed in a corrugation, which will protect them from mechanical stress and prevent them from dangling and interfering with you while working on the walk-behind tractor.
When the generator has enough power, the headlight shines brightly and steadily; if there is not enough power, the light fades out at low speeds. In this case, the generator is replaced with a tractor one (for example, taken from a MTZ tractor) or a car one.
An electricity generating device from Zaporozhets is perfect for this purpose. The equipment is compact and therefore easily fits in the space between the engine and gearbox. You will first need to make fasteners for the generator. Weld additional metal slats onto the frame and attach a clamp to them - it will fasten the device and securely fix it to the frame.
You can see how to connect an electric generator to your motor unit in the diagram below:
A car electric generator, new or old, has sufficient power reserve and will be enough to provide stable lighting on your walk-behind tractor or snow blower. With its help, you can also solve a number of other problems related to connecting electrical equipment.
How to make light without a generator
You can create light on your motorized equipment without using an electric generator - using LED lamp and a 12-volt battery. A car battery, and not necessarily a new one, is quite suitable for this purpose. A gel battery taken from an electric scooter or electric bicycle is also suitable.
Your main task is to choose the right place on your unit where the battery will be located. Usually the battery is small in size, so it is better to install it on the section of the frame between the engine and gearbox. So, when you have decided on the location of the battery, you can start installing it:
- prepare a mount from a steel angle to the dimensions corresponding to the battery;
- place the finished mount on the frame of the walk-behind tractor and securely attach it with bolts at four points;
- place the battery in the mount and secure it with two bolts, nuts and a metal plate;
- stretch the electrical wire from the battery to the switch, and from there to the electrical equipment (for us it is a headlight). Secure all wire connection points by soldering and be sure to insulate with insulating tape.
Typically, a battery-powered headlight produces uniform and intense light. The battery capacity is enough for several hours of operation, but be prepared for the fact that you will have to periodically charge it from a source that contains electrical energy.
How to make a headlight for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands
Not all walk-behind tractors Neva, Zubr, Centaur and others include a headlight. Therefore, owners who want to make lights on them decide for themselves what to do: buy a factory kit with a ready-made lighting system, use a flashlight from faulty equipment, for example, a moped, a light motorcycle, or make a budget option with your own hands.
If you decide that your unit will have a headlight made with your own hands, then the housing from a burnt “housekeeper” will be quite suitable for this purpose. You will also need to stock up on a small piece of electrical wire, a toggle switch (switch) or a simple switch.
Connecting the headlight to the agricultural implement is very simple:
- First, the toggle switch (switch) is fixed. It is placed in the most convenient and fairly reliable place, for example, on the steering rod of a walk-behind tractor next to the gear shift lever.
- Then the headlight is fixed. This can be done in a specially designated place provided by the manufacturer (usually this “place” is located in front of the engine) or on the steering column. When a stationary headlight is placed in front of the engine, it quickly becomes dirty, and the light from it spreads only along the bottom. For this option, it is better to use a lamp that is movable in several planes, then you can direct the light in the desired direction yourself.
- Next the wire is pulled. It is more convenient to do this from the nearest power source, for example, a 12-volt oil pressure warning lamp located on the steering column of the walk-behind tractor.
- A wire drawn from the power source is connected to the switch, and a cord is pulled from it to the place where the headlight is located. All wires are carefully wound to the steering rod with insulating tape or secured using special clamps.
You can use halogen lamps to illuminate your agricultural machinery, but they quickly heat up and fail. It is better to make lighting using 5 W LED light sources with a small scattering angle, which will save energy and shine brightly and far.
As you can see, making a headlight for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands is absolutely not difficult. And it will be able to work no worse than a “car market” and light your way when you return home along a dark road.
Generator for walk-behind tractor – important detail unit. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator is installed on the walk-behind tractor to charge the battery and power the headlights.
When installing a generator, it is important to do right choice, because the power of the device that is operating must be higher than the established load. This means that when all equipment on the unit is operating, the generator must operate without voltage drops.
1 Installing a generator on a walk-behind tractor with your own hands
A 220-volt generator for a walk-behind tractor or cultivator is needed to power an electric lamp and headlights, as well as charge the battery. The latter helps the equipment start up using the starter and subsequently charge all electrical appliances.
First, you need to choose the right generator. The power of the device does not have to be 220 volts. The main thing is that the power matches the required load. An electric generator from a car or tractor is perfect for this technique.
If, when all equipment is operating, the device operates normally, without a voltage drop, it means that the electric generator is installed and selected correctly.
1.1 Electrical installation diagram
To install a generator from a car onto a walk-behind tractor, you should know that if the electric generator is not connected correctly to the electrical circuit, the winding will most likely catch fire. The installation of the electric generator is carried out using two wires. There are four wiring in the block, two of which are blue color. It is with their help that you can connect the converter. The red wire outputs voltage, powers the headlights and signal, and charges the battery. The black wire is connected to the power device array.
The electrical circuit works very simply. The generator produces electricity, which passes to the rectifier in the electrical unit, which is equipped with a voltage equalizer and a current regulator. The equalizer keeps the voltage from fluctuating, regardless of the amount produced. And the regulator controls the current that flows into the battery.
The engine starts and transmits torque to the rotor using a belt. The device, in turn, generates voltage to the electrical unit. Running the engine will reduce the battery capacity, which means that the devices will draw electricity from the electrical unit. This will happen until the battery charge is restored again, and all devices will be powered from it again.
1.2 Installing the generator on a walk-behind tractor (video)
2 How to install light on a walk-behind tractor?
Most walk-behind tractors are not initially equipped with headlights. On heavy and medium units you can install several headlights (main and rear for a trailer).
The power of the device that operates is sufficient for the installation of additional equipment, as well as the uniform simultaneous operation of all devices of the unit. Manufacturers have provided additional installation of electrical equipment, so mini-tractors are equipped with electric generators with a power reserve of 30%.
There are two ways to install the light on the unit:
- purchase a ready-made lighting system kit from a specialized store;
- do everything yourself without any special financial costs.
If you are the owner of a unit without a lighting system, do not despair. It can be set to your taste. Some manufacturers offer separate lighting kits (wires, lights and switch). There is a special hole on the engine of the unit in order to connect the headlight.
2.1 Connecting the headlight yourself
To get started, you need to purchase (or find at home) an element for the lighting system. Every second owner of a mini-tractor also has other equipment (moped, scooter, car, tractor), which comes with spare headlights.
The next step is to purchase an electrical wire and a toggle switch. After installing and securing the toggle switch, they begin to work with the headlight. It is recommended to attach it to the front of the engine or to the steering column. It would be better to attach the headlight to the steering column pipe, because if it is located on the front of the engine, it will get very dirty when it rains or gets dirty.
Then the wires are pulled through. If the device is equipped with a hole for connecting the headlight, then it should be connected to it. Otherwise, power is supplied from the oil pressure warning lamp terminal. Next, connect the cord to the toggle switch, and from it lead to the headlight. The wires are attached to the steering column using a clamp or electrical tape.
MB type walk-behind tractors are the most widely used. In Russia, models produced since the early 80s, which are constantly being improved. A wheeled pedestrian-riding unit of traction class 0.1 with mounted and trailed implements is used to perform a wide range of work on personal plots.
The presence of a large train of mounted and trailed implements and units allows it to be used for loosening and plowing the earth, hilling and digging up root crops, mowing and raking grass. Transportation of fertilizers and small loads, irrigation, feed crushing, circular saw drive, mixer mortars, generator, drilling shallow wells, as well as for clearing snow from roads and yards.
The use of a walk-behind tractor allows you to dramatically reduce the share of heavy manual labor and, which is very important, save time.
The most effective use of a walk-behind tractor is in areas with a cultivated area of 6...40 acres.
Before starting work with each new unit, the walk-behind tractor user must carefully read the operating instructions.
This section provides specifications units and a number of useful tips based on the personal experience of users.
The engine includes the following main components and systems:
— cylinder block 1;
— gas distribution mechanism 2;
— crank mechanism 3;
— fuel supply system 4;
— ignition system 5;
— starting device 6;
— cooling system 7.
Engine components, left view.
Engine assembly showing transverse and longitudinal sections
Engine DM-1D ( lengthwise cut along the axis of the crankshaft): 1 - compression ring; 2 — oil scraper ring; 3 — piston pin; 4 - retaining ring; 5 — connecting rod; 6 - stator; 7 — connecting rod mounting bolt; 8 — bearing; 9 — coupling body; 10 - bolt; 11 — starter drum; 12 — starter spring; 13 — washer; 14 — ratchet spring; 15 — support bushing; 16 - ratchet; 17 - ring; 18 - ball; 19 — cover; 20 - key; 21 - cuff; 22 — starting cord; 23 - casing; 24 - flywheel; 25 — magnetic shoe; 26 — fan housing; 27 — head mounting bolt; 2S - head; 29 - gasket; 30 - piston; 31 — cylinder liner; 32 — cylinder block; 33 — block casing; 34 — crankshaft; 35 — camshaft gear; 36 — bearing; 37 — cuff; 38 — oil spray gel; 39 - axis; 40 - centrifugal regulator; 41 — gasket: 42 — cylinder block cover; 43 - lever.
Engine DM-1D (longitudinal section along the camshaft axis): 1 — exhaust valve; 2 - saddle; 3 - bushing; 4 - spring; 5 - plate; 6 — pusher; 7 - bushing; 8 - bolt; 9 — decompressor load; 10 - cam; 11 - bushing; 12 — camshaft with decompressor; 75 — cylinder block cover; 14 — centrifugal regulator; 15 — ignition screen; 16 — inlet valve; 17 — bushing; 18 — decompressor pusher.
The cylinder block is the basis in which and on which the remaining components and systems of the engine are mounted.
A detailed structure of the crank mechanism, which converts the reciprocating motion of the crankshaft, is given. 
Design of the crank mechanism: 1 - crankshaft; 2 — flywheel key; 3 — bearing 60206; 4 — connecting rod cover; 5 — connecting rod; 6 — piston oil scraper ring; 7 — lower compression ring; 8 — upper compression ring; 9 — retaining ring; 10 — piston pin; 11 - piston; 12 — oil spray gel; 13 — quotation washer; 14 - bolt; 15 — camshaft with decompressor of the gas distribution mechanism.
The gas distribution mechanism (Fig. 10) ensures the timely entry of the fuel-air mixture into the engine cylinder and the release of exhaust gases.
The camshaft 8 with cams 10 and 11 is driven into rotation through a constantly engaged gear transmission from the crankshaft.
The required valve timing (intake, compression, power stroke, exhaust) is ensured by aligning the installation marks (Fig. 9) on the camshaft and crankshaft gears during engine assembly.
Features of carburetor adjustment are described in the engine diagnostics and repair section.
DM-1 engines installed on "Cascade" walk-behind tractors, depending on their version, have design features, indicated in the note to section 1. One of the fundamental differences is the use of forced lubrication of the large connecting rod head to increase engine life.
The operation of the forced lubrication device for connecting the crankpin connecting rod journal with the large connecting rod head is illustrated in Fig. 23.
Rice. 23. Forced lubrication device: 1 - crankshaft; 2 — connecting rod; 3 - nipple; 4 — oil supply rope; 5 — crankshaft gear; 6 — shield; 7 - plug.
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Before assembling the engine, clean and rinse the components and parts to be assembled. Lubricate the engine cylinder, pushers, piston with connecting rod, crankshaft journals with engine oil before installation.
Install the cylinder block on workplace. Insert the crankshaft into the cylinder block support bearing.
Using a mandrel (Fig. 24) with a conical internal hole, insert the piston with a connecting rod into the cylinder. If there is no special mandrel for compressing the rings when installing the piston, it is possible to use a sheet metal tape and pliers.
When installing the piston, it is necessary to ensure that the piston rings do not jam in the piston grooves, the compression rings are installed with the locks shifted by 180 degrees, and the oil purifier ring is installed with a shift of 90 degrees relative to the lock of the upper compression ring. Place the lower head of the connecting rod onto the crankshaft journal, put on the connecting rod cap, oil sprayer, lock washer and tighten to a torque: preliminary - 15+5 Nm, final -25+2 Nm. Bend the locking tabs of the lock washer.
Install the pushers into the cylinder block (to prevent them from falling out, turn the cylinder block onto the side wall).
Install the camshaft so that the mark on the crankshaft gear tooth is opposite the mark on the camshaft gear cavity.
Rice. 24. Mandrel for installing the piston with rings and connecting rod into the cylinder: 1 - mandrel; 2 - piston; 3 - cylinder block.
Rotate the crankshaft, while checking that the spray oil does not touch the wall of the cylinder block housing.
Check the ease of rotation of the centrifugal regulator gear with weights on the axis of the cylinder block cover.
Install the cylinder block gasket and cover while rotating the crankshaft slightly until the gear and weights engage the camshaft gear. If necessary, tighten the regulator gear with a thin screwdriver.
Tighten the cylinder block cover bolts (gradually). Final tightening torque (15…20) Nm.
Install the key on the crankshaft cone and put on the flywheel with the washer.
Using a technological nut (M18), pre-tighten with a torque of (120...130) Nm to fit the flywheel onto the crankshaft cone.
Before disassembling the engine, check the amount of axial play of the crankshaft, which should not exceed (1-1.5) mm. Increased play caused by bearing wear can be eliminated without replacing them without disassembling the engine. For this:
remove the pulley from the crankshaft, remove the bearing cover and seat it;
make from soft wire a ring corresponding to the diameter of the outer race of the bearing, and install it between the cover and the bearing without blocking the oil channel;
put the cover back in place
When disassembled, check the crankshaft for chipped gear teeth, wear of the journal and absence of sagging on it aluminum alloy(which happens after the engine jams due to insufficient lubrication of the connection between the connecting rod and the crankshaft journal).
Remove sagging by cleaning the neck with a file (before slipping) and then finishing the surface sandpaper and washing the neck.
Inspect the keyway on the crankshaft taper. The flywheel key should fit into the groove without effort and have no side play.
The piston should not have carbon deposits on the bottom and in the piston ring grooves. Cracks of any kind on the piston, pin and connecting rod are unacceptable; such parts require replacement.
Gas distribution mechanism: 1 - valve; 2 — washer; 3 - valve spring; 4 — intake valve plate. 5 — exhaust valve plate. 6 - cracker; 7 — pusher; 8 — camshaft with decompressor; 9 — installation mark of the camshaft gear; 10 — exhaust valve cam; 11 — intake valve cam.
During operation, the camshaft cams and plates fixing the spring on the valve stem are subject to wear on the gas distribution mechanism, loss of tightness of the working surfaces of valves and seats, and deformation of the intake valve stem are possible (as a rule, as a result of installing spark plugs with a long skirt on the engine).
If you find signs of defects in the operation of the valves, dismantle the fuel tank, remove the cylinder head, muffler, carburetor and valve box.
Check the tightness of the contact between the valves and the seats by pouring kerosene (or gasoline) onto the valve heads. If the parts are in good working order, there should be no leakage of kerosene under the valve into the valve box.
To remove the defective valve, to do this, press the valve spring up using a screwdriver, unfold the plate so that it comes out of the seat and releases the valve from the spring. Remove the spring and valve.
In the case of fastening the valve spring with the help of crackers, it is necessary to disengage the valve spring after pressing upwards and remove the crackers.
To reduce the degree of compression in the cylinder and the crankshaft rotation force when starting the engine, the camshaft is equipped with a decompressor
Muffler (1) with locknut (2)
To release exhaust gases, the engine is equipped with a muffler (Fig. 12), which is screwed into the cylinder block and locked with nut 2.
The fuel supply system is designed to prepare the fuel-air mixture, regulate the quality of its composition and the supplied quantity. The main components included in this system and their structure are shown in Fig. 13. 
Rice. 13. Components of the fuel supply system: 1 - carburetor (KMB-5); 2 - gasket; 3 - pipe; 4 — washer; 5 - screw 6; 6 — screw 6; 7 - gasket; 8 - hose; 9 — fuel valve; 10 - nut 6; 11 — tank clamp; 12 — screw b; 13 — fuel tank; 14 — screw 1-4×13; 15 - plug; 16 — tank mounting bracket; 17 — valve box; 18 — gasket; 19 — tube; 20 - cover air filter; 21 — filter element; 22 - ring; 23 - pipe; 24 — sealing ring; 25 — bracket; 26 - ring; 27 — screw 6; 28 — M6 nut; 29 – gasket
Appearance carburetor K45
Rice. 14. Carburetor K45: 1 - air pipe; 2 - body; 3 - drowner; 4 — idle jet; 5 — throttle stop screw; 6 — throttle lever; 7 — carburetor mounting flange; 8 — composition adjustment screw fuel mixture idle move; 9 — fuel inlet fitting with filter; 10 - float chamber; 11 — throttle valve drive lever; 12 — sediment drain plug; 13 — air damper screw with spring; 14 — air damper lever.
The amount of fuel-air mixture entering the engine combustion chamber is regulated by a throttle valve, in the lower part of the axis of which lever 11 is attached, to which the regulator rod is attached. A lever with screw 5 of the throttle stop is welded to the top of the axle.
The air damper is controlled by lever 14. In the closed position, the air damper is held by a spring force and, when the engine starts, it opens slightly to a certain angle under the influence of the pressure difference before and after the damper.
The spring force and the ajar angle of the damper are selected in such a way as to avoid excessive enrichment of the fuel mixture when starting a cold engine.
The fuel supply system is equipped with a centrifugal regulator (Fig. 15) to automatically maintain a constant crankshaft speed when the load changes.
Rice. 15. Elements of a centrifugal regulator (a) and a sectional view of the regulator gear (b): 1 - gear with weights; 2 — regulator rod lever; 3 - lock; 4 - nut; 5 — M5 bolt; 6 — regulator lever; 7 - traction; S—spring; 9 — carburetor board; 10 — washer; 11 — spring washer; 12 — M6x12 screw; 13 — washer; 14 — gear weights; 15 — pusher; 16 – axis
Gear 1 with weights is in constant engagement with the camshaft gear. Weights 14, having an L-shape, are fixed to the gear using axles 16 so that one shoulder rests against the pusher 15, coupled with lever 2 of the regulator rod.
A kinematic diagram of engine control, illustrating the operation of the centrifugal regulator, is shown in Fig. 16.
As the load on the engine increases and its speed decreases, the centrifugal forces acting on weights 2 and the force of influence of weights 2 on pusher 3 decrease. And this, through the system of levers -/ and 5, will lead to a decrease in the tensile force of spring 8. Spring 8, compressing, through rod b, it turns the carburetor throttle valve 7 (movements are shown by arrows in Fig. 16) to increase fuel consumption. In this case, the engine speed increases almost to the previously set value.
Rice. 16. Kinematic diagram of engine control: 1 - gear wheel of the centrifugal regulator; 2 - weight; 3 - pusher; 4 — regulator rod lever; 5 — regulator lever; 6 - traction; 7 — carburetor throttle valve; 8 - spring; 9 — engine control lever; 10 — throttle cable
When using K45 carburetors in the power supply systems of MB-2 walk-behind tractors, individual parts included in the system, namely: tube 19 (Fig. 13) of the valve box, lever b (Fig. 15) of the regulator, rod 7. spring 8. fuel tank 13 and its fastening elements have been structurally changed. In addition, carburetor board 9 has been modified and an adapter flange is installed instead of pipe 3 (Fig. 13).
Valve box 17 (Fig. 13) ensures removal overpressure in the crankcase during the reverse stroke of the piston, while being discharged from. crankcase air is supplied through tube 19 to the air filter.
Carburetor:
If there is no fuel supply to the cylinder (dry spark plug), check that there is a sufficient amount of fuel in the fuel tank, the flow of fuel from the fuel tank to the carburetor, by removing the fuel hose from the carburetor inlet fitting (or, for the K45 carburetor, by pressing its quencher until fuel leaks through drainage hole).
If fuel does not flow to the carburetor, turn off the fuel valve, disassemble it, clean the filter element of dirt, and wash the parts in gasoline. Assemble the fuel valve, vent it and install it in place.
When fuel enters the carburetor (and is not supplied to the cylinder), check the operation of the fuel valve and the cleanliness of the carburetor jets.
To check the KMB-5 carburetor, remove the carburetor from the engine and drain the gasoline from the float chamber. Supply air through the fuel supply fitting (Fig. 25) in the carburetor operating position. The air should flow freely. Repeat the operation with the carburetor turned 180°. The passage of air through the fitting should stop. If these conditions are met, the fuel valve is operational.
Adjust the fuel level in the float chamber by bending or bending the adjusting tongue of the float. The normal fuel level is (30...35) mm.
Rice. 25. Carburetor KMB-5: 1 — fuel supply fitting; 2 — upper body; 3 — throttle valve; 4 — idle needle; 5 — air jet; 6 — lower body; 7 — air damper; S—screw fastening the coupler; 9 — full throttle needle; 10 - sprayer; 11 — float; 12 - fuel valve.
To purge the jets, unscrew the low and full throttle adjustment screws.
To flush the carburetor elements, unscrew the screws of the upper housing, remove the lower housing, rinse the fuel valve with gasoline, clean and blow out the jets using a pump, and check the integrity of the float. Wiping carburetor parts with a rag is not allowed.
After washing and purging, attach the lower carburetor body to the upper one, paying attention to the spray tube, which should fit into the hole in the upper body. Open the throttle valve and check for correct assembly, then tighten the screws securing the upper housing.
The carburetor installed after disassembly requires adjustment.
Perform carburetor adjustments on a warm engine in the following sequence.
Screw in the low and full throttle adjustment screws until they stop (without much force) (Fig. 25), then turn them out 1.5 turns. Start the engine and warm up for 10 minutes. Set the engine control lever to the minimum stable speed position without stopping the engine. Using the throttle stop screw, set the minimum idle speed at which the engine runs stably without interruption.
By adjusting the position of the idle screw, set the maximum idle speed, then use the throttle stop screw to adjust the minimum stable idle speed.
Repeat the last two operations to achieve stable, uninterrupted engine operation. Idling with the lowest possible speed.
Move the engine control lever to the GAS position. If interruptions in engine operation occur, unscrew the full throttle screw until stable operation is obtained, but no more than 2.5 turns.
Engine DM-1-01. installed on MB-1D walk-behind tractors. differs in that it uses a membrane-type carburetor model DM 1.08.100. The external view of the DI1.08.100 carburetor is shown in Fig. 22.
Rice. 22. Appearance of the carburetor DM1.08.100: 1 - full throttle screw; 2 — idle screw; 3 — air damper lever; 4 — minimum speed screw; 5 - flange; 6 - dosing device; 7 - pipe; 8 - tide: 9 - hairpin; 10 - nut; 11 — inlet fitting; 12 - button.
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The ignition system ensures timely sparking to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine combustion chamber
In the MB-1 walk-behind tractors and in the MB-2 walk-behind tractors produced before 04/01/96, an ignition system with an EM-1 electronic magdino is installed, the device and electrical circuit of which are shown in Fig. 17, a and 17, b.
Rice. 17. Ignition system with electronic magdino EM-1 a - device; b - diagram: 1 - PMK-1 converter; 2 — ignition screen; 3 — SMK-1 stator; 4 - suppressive resistance; 5 — spark plug; b - washer; 7 - bolt; 8 — spring washer; 9 — bushing; 10 — stop button; 11 — magnetic flywheel shoe.
When the crankshaft with the flywheel attached to it rotates, the magnetic shoe 11 of the flywheel periodically passes under the magnetic core of the stator 2, creating a magnetic field in it that induces an EMF in the stator winding 3. The voltage from the stator through the high-voltage wire and noise suppression resistance 4 is supplied to the spark plug 5, between the electrodes which produces an electric spark.
Since 04/01/96, the MB-2 “Neva” walk-behind tractors have been equipped with an ignition circuit for an engine with an EM-2 electronic magdino, the circuit of which is shown in Fig. 18. A distinctive feature of this scheme compared to the previous one is that the stator and the converter are structurally combined into one unit with a potentially greater
its high reliability due to the elimination of external connecting wires between the stator and the converter. 
The starting device is used to start the engine of the walk-behind tractor. The main components and parts included in it are shown in Fig. 19 and 20.
Rice. 19. Ratchet mechanism starting device: 1 - flywheel; 2 — washer; 3 — coupling body; 4 - ring; 5 — ball 10-100; 6 - ratchet; 7 - cover; 5 — protective casing; P - washer; 10 — spring washer; 11 - M4x14 screw. 
Rice. 20. Starter: 1 — bracket; 2 - handle; 3 - cord; 4 — starter drum; 5 — starter spring; 6 — support bushing; 7 - pr
dinner; 8 — fan housing; 9 — M6x12 screw; 10 — spring washer: 11 — washer; 12 — spring washer; 13 - M6x16 bolt.
The engine cooling system is air, forced. The fan function is performed by flywheel 1 (Fig. 19), equipped with an impeller.
Air intake is carried out through fan housing 7 (Fig. 20).
Next, the air flow is split between the finned surfaces of the cylinder block for better cooling and the screen b of the cylinder head (Fig. 8), as well as the screens shown in Fig. 21 
Cooling system screens: 1 - reflector; 2 — screen; 3 — spring washer; 4 — M6x10 screw.
The use of oil recommended by walk-behind tractor manufacturers helps to minimize the occurrence of problems during engine operation. Every walk-behind tractor user must remember that oil protects the engine during operation in four ways:
1. LUBRICATION - lubrication of moving parts operating with minimal clearances in order to reduce friction between them and wear.
2. COOLING - acting as a coolant to ensure the operation of pistons, connecting rods, and bearings at safe operating temperatures.
3. SEAL - providing a seal between the cylinder walls and the piston to achieve nominal compression and prevent exhaust gases from blowing into the crankcase.
4. CLEANING - acting as a cleaning agent by keeping in suspension combustion by-products, such as soot and liquid sediments resulting from the oxidation of oil and fuel. When the oil is drained, they are removed from the engine.
The high temperature at which air-cooled engines operate causes oxidation of the oil, burning of the lubricant remaining on the hot surface of the cylinder, which is accompanied by an increase in exhaust smoke and the formation of soot. As a result of oil oxidation, tar deposits are formed in the engine, which are the main cause of coking of the piston rings and loose fit of the intake valves. This also leads to the formation of sludge, which makes it difficult to properly lubricate the engine.
Therefore, it is advisable to use oils together with detergents and antioxidant additives, which help clean the engine of contaminants and prevent the formation of resins and varnish-like deposits. When using high-quality imported motor oils (classified as “SF, SG Motor Oils”), for example, Briggs & Stratton SAE 30, no special additives are required: they already contain the necessary additives.
The correct choice of oil grade according to the SAE classification depending on the temperature is also important. environment. It is not recommended to use 10W30 type all-season oils in engines. summer time at ambient temperatures above 5 C, as this can lead to increased oil consumption and engine damage. When using such oils, it is necessary to check their level in the engine more often. On the other hand, using summer oils (SAE 30) at air temperatures below 5°C will make it difficult to start the engine and may cause damage to the cylinder bore due to insufficient lubrication.
Gasoline, like oil, is subject to oxidation during storage, which is accompanied by the deposition of gasoline tars in the carburetor. This can lead to engine problems, the most common of which are clogged fuel supply passages and a loose intake passage.
Possible malfunctions, their causes and methods of elimination are given in the table.
1. The engine does not start, the spark plug is dry. No fuel supply: a) no fuel in the tank;
a) fill the tank;
b) the fuel tap is closed; b) open the tap
c) the hole in the gas tank cap is clogged; c) clean the drain hole in the fuel tank cap;
d) clogging of the fuel supply system; d) remove the fuel valve, drain the fuel from the tank, run the tank with clean gasoline, remove the connecting hose from the carburetor side, blow out the hose and carburetor jets with a pump without disassembling the carburetor
2. The engine does not start, the spark plug is wet1. Ignition system failure:
a) the presence of carbon deposits or oil on the spark plug electrodes; a) clean the spark plug electrodes, rinse with gasoline, dry;
b) the gap between the spark plug electrodes does not meet the technical requirements;
b) adjust the gap by bending the side electrode;
c) damage to the spark plug insulator or high-voltage wire;
c) replace the spark plug or high-voltage wire;
d) short circuit of the STOP button to ground; d) eliminate the short circuit;
e) violation of contact in the spark plug bracket; e) check the contact in the spark plug bracket;
e) the gap between the starter and the magnetic shoe is broken
;f) adjust the gap in accordance with paragraph “Checking and adjusting the ignition system”;
g) stator defect
g) replace the stator..
2. Air leaks through joint seals:
- in the carburetor,
- in the carburetor-cylinder,
- heads and cylinders,
Tighten the fastening bolts specified compounds, check the integrity of the gasket between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, tighten the spark plug
3. Insufficient closing of the carburetor air damper. Check the operation and serviceability of the drive, eliminate jamming.
3. Reverse kickback of the engine when starting Violation of the ignition timing due to: a) destruction of the flywheel key; a) check the condition of the flywheel key, replace if necessary:
b) incorrect mating of the gears of the crankshaft and camshaft during assembly
b) pair the shafts in accordance with the requirements
4. Starting the engine is difficult, the engine is unstable and does not develop enough power
Loss of compression: a) carbon deposits on the working surfaces of valves and/or cylinder block seats; intake valve deformation;
a) check the condition of the working surfaces of the parts in accordance with paragraph “Checking the technical condition of the gas distribution mechanism”, replace defective parts;
b) wear of piston rings
b) check the degree of wear of the piston rings in accordance with paragraph, “Checking the technical condition of the crank mechanism”, replace defective parts
5. When the engine is running, black smoke comes out of the muffler. oiling of the spark plug electrodes, black carbon deposits on the spark plug) rich mixture;
b) the carburetor fuel valve is not sealed; a) and b) check and adjust the carburetor in accordance with paragraph “Checking and adjusting the fuel supply system”;
c) wear of the piston oil ring;
d) the air filter is clogged
p), replace the piston rings;
d) clean or replace the air filter
6. When the engine is running, smoke comes out of the muffler light color, spark plug electrodes are dry with a white coating. Poor mixture. Adjust the carburetor.
7. During operation, the engine begins to gain speed without turning the GAS engine control lever (the engine is “peddling”) The fastening of the governor lever with the governor rod lever is loose. Adjust the engine control drive in accordance with paragraph “Checking and adjusting the fuel supply system”
8. During operation with the throttle valve fully open, the engine begins to reduce speed and stops Engine overheating Stop the engine, do not start it until it cools completely, check the oil level in the crankcase, the cleanliness of the finned surfaces of the block and cylinder head
9. Engine jamming Lack of oil in the engine crankcase, nadir on the lower connecting rod head, destruction of the connecting rod and oil sprayer Disassemble the engine, check the parts in accordance with paragraph “Checking the technical condition of the crank mechanism”
10. When starting, there is no rotation of the crankshaft. Destruction of the ratchet clutch or ratchet housing. Disassemble the starting device, replace defective parts in accordance with paragraph “Fe-installation of the starting device.”
11. The starting cord does not return. The tightening of the screws securing the starter housing to the engine is loose. Adjust the position of the starter (by rocking by hand), ensuring the return of the cord, tighten the starter mounting screws.
Broken starter spring Replace (repair) the starter spring in accordance with paragraph “Repairing the starting device”
The V-belt drive for walk-behind tractors of types MB-1 and MB-2 performs the function of transmission and clutch mechanism and provides:
— transmission of torque from the engine crankshaft to the input shaft of the gearbox;
— disconnecting the engine from the gearbox during gear shifting and smoothly connecting them again, eliminating sudden changes in load on the engine;
— smooth starting of the walk-behind tractor and stopping it without stopping the engine,
The V-belt transmissions of the MB-2 (Fig. 28) and MB-1 (Fig. 29) walk-behind tractors are structurally different, which is caused by the use of different types of gearboxes in them
Rice. 28. V-belt drive of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor: 1 — spring; 2 — bar; 3 — ring B20; 4 — washer; 5 — gearbox input shaft pulley; 6 - key; 7 — bolt M8-18-Ts; 8 - washer A8: P - washer 8T; 10 — 8-centre nut; 11 — pulley casing; 12 — shield; 13 - bolt; 14 — washer; 15 — tensioner pulley; 16 — belt AX-1180; 17 - key; 18 — ring B25; 19 — engine output shaft pulley; 20 - M8 bolt; 21 — bracket; 22 — bushing; 23 — bracket; 24 — cotter pin 2×16: 25 — spring
The transmission is engaged by tensioning the belt using a tensioner pulley. As can be seen from Fig. 28 and 29, fundamental difference between them is the use of actually two V-belt drives in the MB-1 walk-behind tractor: one for engaging forward gear, the other for reverse, while in the MB-2 walk-behind tractor, reverse gear is engaged using a gearbox, and there is no need for a reverse belt.
Rice. 29. V-belt drive of Motoblock MB-1: 1 — forward tensioner pulley; 2 — bracket; 3 — washer; 4 — reverse tensioner pulley; 5 - spring; b - key; 7 — engine output shaft pulley; 8 - spring; P—locking screw; 10 — bracket; 11 - key; 12 — forward gear engagement rod; 13 — forward drive belt A-1210vn III; 14 — reverse drive belt 0-1400 I; 15 — gearbox input shaft pulley; 16 — reverse gear; 17 — pulley casing; 18 — shield; 19 — bar; 20 - spring; 21 - spring; 22 — bracket; 23 – bolt
Checking the belt tension with the clutch lever pressed is carried out with the shield 12 (Fig. 28) or 18 (Fig. 29) removed in accordance with Fig. thirty.
The gearbox is designed to transmit torque from the engine (via V-belt transmission) to the wheels of the walk-behind tractor, changing the gear ratio (travel speed) and changing the direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor (only for the MB-2 walk-behind tractor).
The assembled gearbox of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor is shown in Fig. 32.
Rice. 32. Gearbox of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor.
Rice. 32. Gearbox of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor: 1 - screw drain hole; 2 — bearing 180306; 3 - cuff; 4 — right axle shaft; 5 — axle cover. 6 — sprocket (right axle shaft); 7 - spring; 8 — chain (49 links); 9 — oil level control hole screw; 10 - bushing; 11 — block shaft sprocket; 12 — right half of the body; 13 — bushing; 14 — block sprocket sprocket; 15 — intermediate shaft sprocket; 16 — bushing; 17 — intermediate shaft; 18 — bushing; 19 — input shaft; 20 — filler plug: 21 — shift shaft; 22 — shift fork; 23 — bearing 204; 24 — gear wheel; 25 - cuff; 26 — bushing; 21 — gear wheel; 2S — sprocket block; 29 — bushing; 30 — gear wheel; 31 — gear wheel; 32 — block shaft; 33 — bushing; 34 — left half of the body; 35 — axle separation fork; 36 — clutch of axle shafts; 37 — left axle shaft; 38 — cuff; 39 — bearing 180306; 40 - gasket; 41 — lever; 42 — spring, 43 — screw; 44 - board. Kinematic diagram of the gearbox.
The detailed design of the MB-2 gearbox is shown in Fig. 33 and 34.
Rice. 33. Gearbox housing MB-2.
Rice. 33. MB-2 gear housing: 1 - screw; 2 - gasket; 3 - plug; 4 - pin, 5 - board; 6 — washer; 7 - M6 bolt: 8 - gear selector spring; 9 — M6x34 screw; 10 — M6 nut; 11 - gear shift lever; 12 — ball handle; 13 — bolt MB; 14 - cover; 15 - gasket; 16 — M6 bolt; 17 - plate; 18 — spring washer; 19 — washer A8; 20 — ring ST41-29.5-4; 21 — axle cover; 22 - gasket; 23 — left half of the body; 24 - gasket; 25 — right half of the body; 26 - washer.
Halves 23 and 25 (Fig. 33) of the gearbox housing are cast from aluminum alloy and are bolted together through a sealing gasket 24. They have flanges for attaching the bearing covers 14 and 21 with cuffs.
Rice. 34. MB-2 gearbox, internal organization.
Rice. 34. MB-2 gearbox, internal structure: 1 - block shaft; 2 — bushing, 3 — sprocket block; 4 — chain (25 links); 5 - connecting link; 6 — washer; 7 - bushing; 8 — asterisk; 9 — washer; 10 — intermediate shaft; 11 — input shaft, 12 — gear shift shaft; 13, 14 — gear wheels; 15 — gear shift fork; 16 — bearing 204; 17 — cuff; 18 — spring; 19 — gear shift lever; 20 — sealing ring; 21 — washer; 22 - axis; 23 - spring; 24 — axle separation fork; 25 — bracket; 26 — M6x10 screw; 27 — washer; 28 — axle axle release cable; 29 — cuff; 30 — bearing 180306; 31 — thrust axis; 32 — left axle shaft; 33 — cotter pin 2×14; 34 — clutch of axle shafts; 35 — bushing; 36 — connecting link of the chain; 37 — chain (49 links); 38 — right axle shaft.
Note. In the gearboxes of early-release walk-behind tractors, instead of bushings, pos. 2, 7, 35 bearings were installed: pos. 2 — bearing 300, pos. 7 — bearing 202, pos. 35 — bearing 304 GOST 833-75.
The gearboxes of the MB-1 “Neva” (previously produced), MB-1D “Oka”, MB-1 “Cascade” walk-behind tractors (except for its individual modifications) have the same design, shown in Fig. 35.
The gearbox housing is steel, stamped, consists of two halves 2 and 22, fastened together through a sealing gasket with 3 bolts. Angles 8 and 23 are welded to each half of the body, forming the supporting frame of the walk-behind tractor.
Rice. 35. Gearbox with walk-behind tractor MB-1 (longitudinal section).
Rice. 35. Gearbox with walk-behind tractor MB-1 (longitudinal section): 1 — shift handle; 2 — right half of the body; 3 - gasket; 4 — chain (34 links); 5 - plug; 6 - finger; 7 - bolt; 8 — right square; 9 — second sprocket block; 10 - bolt; 11 - finger; 12 — chain (30 links); 13 — third block of sprockets; 14 - finger; 15 — bearing; 16 — output shaft; 17 — M6 bolt; 18 - cover; 19 — cuff; 20 — bearing; 21 — chain (28 links); 22 — half of the body, left; 23 — left square; 24 — chain (36 links); 25 — first block of sprockets; 26 — chain (46 links); 27 — shift shaft (input shaft); 28 — cuff; 29 — bearing; 30 — bearing; 31 — sprocket (first gear); 32 — sprocket (second gear).
The internal structure of the gearbox is shown in Fig. 36-40.
Rice. 36. Shift shaft.
Rice. 36. Shift shaft: 1 — shift knob; 2 — sealing ring; 3 - cotter pin; 4 — asterisk; 5 — washer: 6 — ring; 7 — shift shaft; 8 — switching block; 9 — bushing; 10 — clamp spring; 11 — locking screw
Rice. 37. Block of asterisks first.
Rice. 37. First block of asterisks: 1 - first block of asterisks; 2 — washer; 3 — bearing 942/15: 4 — bushing; 5 – finger
Rice. 38. Second block of sprockets.
Rice. 38. Second sprocket block: 1 - second sprocket block; 2 - bushing; 3 — bearing 941/20; 4 - finger; 5 – washer
Rice. 39. Block of asterisks third.
Rice. 39. Third block of asterisks: 1 - third block of asterisks; 2 - bushing; 3 — bearing 941/20; 4 - finger; 5 – washer
Rice. 40. Output shaft.
Rice. 40. Output shaft: 1 - washer; 2 — output shaft; 3 - bushing
The torque from the input shaft 21 (Fig. 35) to the output shaft 16 of the gearbox is transmitted either from the left 31 or from the right 32 sprocket of the input shaft. This or that sprocket is brought into engagement with the input shaft using a block 8 (Fig. 36), moved along the axis of the shaft by shift handle 1. When handle 1 is recessed, sprocket 31 is engaged and first (low) gear is engaged. When the handle / is extended all the way, the second (highest) gear is engaged.
The middle position of shift knob 1 is neutral.
Gearboxes of MB-1R “Neva” walk-behind tractors. MB-1 “Cascade” models 6841-01, 6841-03, 6841-05 and 69412,69412-07 differ in the design of the output shaft installation. In these gearboxes, the output shaft is mounted in place of needle bearings on ball bearings. In accordance with this, the type of cuffs and the design of the covers that cover them were changed.
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As a rule, with constant monitoring of the oil level in the gearbox and without sudden (impact) changes in the load on the walk-behind tractor, the gearbox serves for a long time and reliably. Possible malfunctions during its operation are shown in the table.
Nature of the malfunction Possible reason Elimination method
1 Oil leak on the output shaft Wear of the working edge of the cuff on the axle cover Remove the cover, replace the cuff
2. The axle decoupling mechanism does not work), the drive adjustment is broken, change the tension of the axle decoupling control cable.
b) failure of one of the drive elements for separating the axle shafts inside the gearbox
b) disassemble the gearbox, replace defective parts
3. No fixation or spontaneous shutdown of the transmission
a) violation of adjustment in the switching mechanism
A) loosen the screws securing the shift mechanism board, engage 1st gear, tighten the screws securing the board
b) spring breakage or wear of the switching mechanism board clamps
b) replace defective parts, make adjustments according to point “a”
c) wear of the shift fork cheek
c) disassemble the gearbox, replace the shift fork
4. There is no kinematic connection inside the gearbox. Broken welding of the gear with the block shaft. Disassemble the gearbox, replace the block shaft.
5. Gearbox jamming. Chain break. Disassemble the gearbox, replace the chain
To disassemble the gearbox, remove it from the walk-behind tractor, for which you must:
— remove the engine, steering column, rod, tension pulley with bracket and spring, pulley from the drive shaft of the gearbox;
— remove the wings, pin, steering rack from the supporting frame, unscrew the coupling bolts of the angles and remove them, disconnect the wheels. Before disassembling, clean the gearbox from dirt and drain the oil.
Remove gear shift lever 41 (Fig. 32), spring 42 and plate 44.
Unscrew the bolts securing the covers 14 and 21 (Fig. 33) and remove them together with the cuffs.
Unscrew the nuts of the coupling bolts of the gearbox housing halves, place the gearbox on the left half of the housing, using a thin screwdriver or knife, carefully so as not to damage the gasket, uncouple the gearbox housing halves, remove the right half.
Lift the intermediate shaft 10 (Fig. 34), remove the sprocket 8 from it and disengage it from the chain.
Remove fork 15 from shift roller 12 together with gears 15 and 14, sprocket block 3 along with chain.
Remove the block shaft / together with the chain 37 and the right axle shaft 38.
The gearbox of the MB-1 walk-behind tractor is the basis on which other components and assemblies of the walk-behind tractor are mounted. Therefore, to repair the gearbox with disassembly, it is necessary to disassemble the walk-behind tractor, for which you need to dismantle the engine, steering column, pan, brackets with forward and reverse belt pulleys, gear pulley, wheels.
Before disassembling the gearbox, clean it from dirt and drain the oil.
Remove the rotating head from the gear shift knob by knocking out the pin holding it with a thin drift.
Unscrew the locking screw 11 (Fig. 36) and remove the bushing 9 and the retaining spring 10 from the shift shaft 7.
Unscrew bolts 17 (Fig. 35) securing the body halves, then tightening bolts 7 (2 pcs.) and 10.
Place the gearbox on the left half of the housing, using a thin screwdriver or knife, carefully so as not to damage the gasket, separate the halves of the gearbox housing and remove the right half. Leave the mounting washers for the tie bolts on the block sprockets.
To disassemble the gear shift mechanism, remove retaining ring b from shift shaft 7 (Fig. 36), ensuring free movement of sprockets 31. 32 (Fig. 35). Remove the cotter pin 3 (Fig. 36) from the threaded part of the handle/switch, unscrew it (counterclockwise) from the block 8 and remove the handle and block from the shaft.
The supporting frame of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor is formed by two squares 5 and 21 (Fig. 41). to which the gearbox, engine, steering and devices for connecting trailed and mounted implements and units are attached
Rice. 41. Bearing frame of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor.
Rice. 41. Bearing frame of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor: 1 - right wing; 2 — M6 bolt, 3 — M8 bolt; 4 - M10 bolt; 5 — right square, 6 — stand; 7 — kingpin; 8 — clamp; 9 — bracket; 10 — washer 10T; 11 — nut 10; 12 — limiter; 13 — left wing; 14 — washer A6; 15 — washer 6; 16 - nut 6; 17 — washer A10; 18 - nut 8; 19 — washer 8T; 20 — washer A8; 21 — left square; 22 - pin; 23 - M10 bolt.
The steering control device of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor is shown in Fig. 42. The steering column 1 is installed on the rack 6 (Fig. 41) of the supporting frame.
Rice. 42. Steering control of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor.
Rice. 42. Steering of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor: 1 — steering column; 2 — washer A12; 3 - bolt; 4 - plug; 5 - clamp; 6 — wing nut; 7 — throttle cable; 8 — washer; 9 - spring; 10 - chain; 11 — earring; 12 — body; 13 - axis; 14 — VMB screw; 15 — lever for controlling the separation of axle shafts; 16 — gas lever; 17 — handle; 18 — steering wheel; 19 — washer A8; 20 — cotter pin 2×16; 21 — washer A6; 22 — washer 6; 23 - nut 6; 24 — steering wheel; 25 — clutch control lever; 26 - guide; 27 — hairpin; 28 — thrust; 29 - clamp.
The supporting frame of the MB-1 walk-behind tractor, in contrast to the MB-2 walk-behind tractor. is formed by a pallet / (Fig. 43) together with angles 8 and 21 (Fig. 35), welded to the halves of the MB-1 gearbox housing, and bracket 7 secured to these angles with bolts (Fig. 43).
Rice. 43. Elements of the supporting frame of the MB-1 walk-behind tractor.
Rice. 43. Elements of the supporting frame of the MB-1 walk-behind tractor: 1 - pallet; 2 - arc; 3 — bolt M8x30; 4 — bolt M8x18; 5 — washer; 6 - nut; 7 — bracket; 8 — bracket; 9 — king pin; 10 — clamp; 11 — limiter; 12 — bolt M10x70; 13 - pin; 14 — washer; 15 - nut.
The design of the steering control of MB-1 walk-behind tractors is shown in Fig. 44.
This design allows you to change the steering position only in the vertical plane, i.e. according to the height of the handles.
Together with the motor unit, you purchased a set of milling cutters-cultivators intended for loosening the soil. This operation is usually carried out in the spring when preparing the soil for sowing.
Specifications
Cutting width (with 8 cutters), mm 1200
Soil tillage depth, mmUp to 250
Productivity, ha/h 0.12
The number of mounted cutters should be no less than four (to ensure the stability of the walk-behind tractor) and no more than eight (to prevent overloading of the gearbox parts). The cutters are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the block, and, therefore, their number must be even (Fig. 45).
Eight freesias are used when working on light soils, and four on clay soils. Adjust the processing depth by deepening limiter 3 (Fig. 1), secured with a clamp in bracket 4.
Rice. 45. Cultivator cutter: 1 - cultivator, 2 - roller, 3 - extension.
For your site, depending on the quality and composition of the soil, experimentally select the most successful ratio of the number of installed cutters and the depth of processing (depth of installation of the limiter) so that the walk-behind tractor moves evenly at a speed of about 1 km/h (15 m/min). In this case, the second gear must be engaged on the walk-behind tractor and the nominal engine speed must be set.
The plow (Fig. 46) is used for plowing the land by turning the layer, burying organic and mineral fertilizers.
As a rule, these types of work are carried out in the fall when preparing the land for planting next year.
Fig.46 Plow with regulator
Specifications
Working width, mm Up to 180
Processing depth, mm Up to 200
Operating speed, km/h Up to 3.6
Hourly productivity when plowing the soil at a working speed of 3 km/h, ha/h Not less than 0.05
Weight, kg 16
After attaching the plow to the walk-behind tractor:
Adjust its position so that the longitudinal axis of the plow regulator coincides with the longitudinal axis of the walk-behind tractor.
Make sure that the plow beam is always in a vertical position.
Use a weight weighing up to 20 kg, placing it on the front pin of the walk-behind tractor.
When working with a plow, use axle extensions included with the walk-behind tractor and metal wheels with weights.
The hiller (Fig. 47) is a two-row mounted hiller designed for cutting furrows and inter-row cultivation of potatoes and other row crops.
The hiller is attached to the walk-behind tractor using a hitch-regulator.
Rice. 47. Hiller with regulator.
Specifications
Maximum base between hillers (row spacing), mm 700
Hilling depth, mm 80… 150
Dump solution, mm:
Operating speed, km/h No more than 3.6
Hourly productivity when hilling plantings with row spacing at an operating speed of 3 km/h, ha/h 0.15
Weight, kg 18
The root crop digger (Fig. 48) is mounted, designed for digging potato tubers and other root crops from the soil using a mechanized method.
Specifications
Blade adjustment range, mm 270…400
Width cutting edge, mm 105
Hourly productivity with a working grip of 400 mm and a working speed of 3 km/h, ha/h 0.1
Weight, kg 6.4
Rice. 48. Root digger
When working with a digger:
Use a 20 kg weight, hanging it on the front pin of the walk-behind tractor to balance the digger.
Before starting work, cut and remove tops and grass from the area
When working with a digger, use metal wheels (grousers) complete with weights (up to 20 kg for each wheel).
To avoid damaging the tubers with wheels, dig through the row.
Metal wheels with ground hooks are designed to increase the traction force of the walk-behind tractor due to greater traction with the soil. Two types of wheels are used with walk-behind tractors. Wide wheels (Fig. 49) are used for working with a plow, hillers, a digger and as transport wheels in off-road conditions. It is recommended to use such wheels complete with a load weighing up to 20 kg for each wheel.
Wheels for hilling are used to increase the ground clearance of the walk-behind tractor, which allows for the second and third hilling without damaging plants at a height of up to 200...250 mm.
Rice. 49. Metal wheels
The trolleys produced for walk-behind tractors (Fig. 51) are designed for transporting agricultural products, implements, fertilizers, and building materials weighing from 200 to 500 kg. As a rule, all trolleys have a tiltable body and are manufactured in various modifications, differing in the types and sizes of wheels, body size, and brake system
Rice. 51. Trolley for walk-behind tractor Technical characteristics
Specifications
Load capacity, kg200250-500500
Body dimensions, mm:
length113015101600
width94011301200
depth250275330
Body capacity, m’0.250.470.6
Tipping angle, degrees 30…60
Track, mm100014001400
Ground clearance, mm280315275
All trolleys are equipped with a mechanical brake, which requires inspection before each departure and periodic Maintenance to provide safe operation carts.
The water pump is designed for pumping water from open reservoirs, containers, wells, and watering areas.
The most widely used centrifugal pump with MB type walk-behind tractors is the NTsV-1 type (Fig. 52).
Rice. 52. Pump NTsV-1.
Specifications
Water suction height, m6
Water rise height, m35
Productivity, m3/h8
Weight, kg6
The pump is mounted on the front pin of the walk-behind tractor. The pump is driven by a belt from the engine output shaft pulley. The pump has a funnel at the top for filling the system with water before turning it on.
The mower assembled with a walk-behind tractor is designed for mowing grass in small and hard-to-reach areas (on the edges and clearings of forests, in places overgrown with bushes, on the side of roads, fields, ditches, on slopes, lawns and personal plots), inconvenient for other mechanical mowers. .
Two types of mowers are available: blade mower (Fig. 53) and rotary mower (Fig. 54).
Rice. 53. Blade mower
Rice. 54. Rotary mower
Specifications
Rice. 53Fig. 54
Type Knife Rotary
ModelKN-1,1KRN-1
Working width, m1.10.8
Productivity, ha/h0.350.35
Operating speed, km/h2.5…52.5…4.5
Cutting height, mm40…7070
Weight, kg4035
V-belt drive from a pulley on the engine output shaft
A blade mower cuts grass lower than a rotary mower, but it requires a flat area with thin, tall grass that is clear of foreign objects. Due to the use of retractable blades, a rotary mower is more unpretentious to the terrain and can be used both for mowing lawns and for mowing coarsely stem grass and grass with increased vegetation yield.
The rake (Fig. 55) coupled with a walk-behind tractor is designed for raking dried and freshly cut grass into windrows.
Rice. 55. Trailed rake GP-2
Specifications
Working width, m2
Operating speed, km/hUp to 12
Wheel track, m1.2
Lifting the rake device Manual
Weight, kg125
The feed crusher (Fig. 56) is designed for grinding grain and root crops. It is used for preparing feed for keeping domestic animals on private farms.
Fig 56. Feed crusher
Specifications
Productivity, kg/h
wheat300
Thickness of chips for crushing root crops, mm2…4
Grinding module, mm, no more than 1.8
Weight, kg38
Woodworking attachment:
Designed for processing lumber during the construction and repair of rural and country houses, utility rooms in places where there is no power supply. It has a jointer and a circular saw for longitudinal and transverse cutting of wood (Fig. 57).
Rice. 57. Woodworking attachment PD-401
Specifications
Rotation speed, rpm3000
Circular saw diameter, mm400
Thickness of cut material, mm130
Planing width, mm200
Weight, kg60
The mix preparation machine (Fig. 58) is designed for preparing mortar or concrete. Drive - from the walk-behind tractor through a V-belt from the output shaft of the gearbox.
Rice. 58. Mixer
Specifications
Capacity, l35
Rotation speed, rpm25
mixing time, min2
Overall dimensions1000x800x700
The auger-type snow blower (Fig. 59) is designed for removing snow from backyards and walkways.
Rice. 59. Snow blower Technical characteristics
Specifications
Nominal working width, mm700
Processing depth, mm250
Snow mass thrown to the side, m8
Productivity with freshly fallen snow cover up to 20 cm, m2/h2500
Weight, kg55
Overall dimensions, mm790x730x780