If you decide to build a house with your own hands, then you need to think in advance about how to process the wood. Many people remember this when, after a few years, they begin to notice traces of the hard work of wood-boring beetles or become eyewitnesses of how their creation turns into ashes, eaten by flames.
But all this can be avoided if you think in advance about how best to protect the wood from all factors. Currently, such means exist, for example, fire and bioprotection for wood. Let's figure out what this composition is, what it is used for and what benefits it has.
What is fire protection?
Experts who study the properties of wood believe that it is best to use protection that will protect against the effects of several negative factors. Such compositions are now commercially available - this is the so-called (fire-bioprotection), which performs several tasks at once:
It should be noted that treating wood with fire-bioprotection is not capable of protecting 100%, but even such an effect significantly extends the life of a wooden structure.
Type of fire bioprotection
To reliably protect wood from the effects of negative external factors, it is not enough to know the rules for choosing compositions. Great importance knowledge of properties and features of use plays a role. Fire protection for wood is available in two forms:
The difference between them lies in the aesthetic quality of the processed wooden surface. If you use impregnation, it practically does not change the texture of the wood and its smell, but coating in the form of paste or putty worsens appearance and gives a certain smell. Because of this, such compositions are most often used in places that will be subject to additional finishing.
Fire protection for wood is distinguished by its ability to dissolve, therefore the following are distinguished:
- Water soluble.
- Organically soluble.
Varieties: basis of composition
If we consider chemical formulas fire bioprotection, then the division is as follows:
- Saline.
- Non-salt.
The second variety began to be used much earlier. It is based on salts of carbonic, phosphoric and boric acids. It has some advantages:
- Does not change the appearance of the tree.
- Provides reliable adhesion to wood fibers.
- Has a high degree of protection.
- It is possible to paint the top.
- This composition retains its properties for more than 10 years.
Many people think that this is best fire protection for wood, since it has no toxic properties and is completely safe for humans.
Salt compositions are lower in cost, but have their disadvantages:
- Shelf life is short.
- Not a very high degree of protection.
- Required a large number of composition for surface treatment.
- There is no option to paint.
- Easily washed out with water.
All these disadvantages force the use of such a composition indoors.
Fire protection resists fire
If we consider this fire-bioprotection ability as resistance to fire, then such compositions are divided into two groups:
Nature of processing
Different fire protection for wood implies different character processing.
- Consistent protection is impregnation of wood with fire retardants, and only then with antiseptic compounds.
- Combined processing is new method, which allows you to reduce time and increase efficiency, since the tree is immediately impregnated with protection, which has a combined effect.
It should also be noted that now manufacturers produce such compounds that not only protect the tree from negative impact, but also extend the service life and more long time maintain an attractive appearance. For example, fire and bioprotection of Senezh wood meets all sanitary and environmental requirements, therefore it can be used for any wooden structures both indoors and outdoors.
The need for comprehensive fire and biological protection
There are situations when it is simply necessary to use compounds with complex effects. This protection is required:
Complex fire-bioprotection for wood, reviews confirm this, reduces the risk of ignition several times. Even if a fire occurs, the active substances protective composition greatly slow down this process. Buyers claim that protective impregnation can extend the life of an object by more than 20 years.
Efficiency of protective compounds
If, when choosing a protective composition, the question is which fire-bioprotection for wood is better, then the first thing you need to pay attention to is the effectiveness group; it must be indicated on the label.
Depending on the purpose of use, you should choose between the first group and the second. If it is necessary to make wood difficult to ignite, then you can choose class 2, class 1 preparations will make the wood difficult to burn.
By the way, if you choose means for impregnating wooden structures inside a building, then fire regulations allow only first class use.
If there is a composition of the second group, then by applying several layers, you can increase the degree of protection and obtain fire resistance at the level of group 1. You can do the opposite, if instead of two layers you apply one layer of class 1 impregnation, you will get group 2 fire resistance of wood.
This fact must be taken into account in order for fire bioprotection to have the desired effect.
How to calculate the amount of fire protection?
If we consider economic indicator, then it is important to take into account the consumption of impregnation per square meter. This fact will affect the total cost of the composition required for processing.
For example, if you use the Senezh salt composition, then about 600 g of impregnation per square meter will be required to apply 6 layers, then 1 protection class will be achieved.
Non-salt impregnation of an expensive brand will provide reliable protection at a consumption of only 250 grams per square meter.
When purchasing, it is also worth considering how deep the impregnation can penetrate. There are two categories of compounds:
- Superficial, the composition penetrates no more than 6 mm.
- Impregnation deep penetration will protect wood to a depth of more than 12 mm.
If we talk about ease of use, surface impregnation wins here, since it can be applied with any tool and does not affect the strength of the wood. The appearance of wooden structures will depend on the coloring ability of the composition. It is better to choose colorless ones, then the aesthetic characteristics of the tree will not be affected.
Application of fire and bioprotection
In order for the protection to give the desired effect, it is necessary to follow a number of recommendations for its application:
If you follow all the application rules, then wooden structures will be protected reliably and for a long time.
It is also necessary to correctly apply the compounds to wooden structures. Typically, sprayers, rollers or brushes are used for these purposes. To enhance protection, apply several layers at intervals of 30 minutes. The desired effect will not be obtained if the wood was previously treated with water-repellent or film-forming compounds.
Well-known brands of fire protection
When choosing fire protection for wood, you should not rely only on the brand name. This does not always guarantee excellent quality and reliable protection. The technology for manufacturing such compositions is almost the same for all manufacturers, but the quality may suffer due to the use of low-quality components.
Among the salt impregnations, the following well-known brands can be mentioned:
Their cost is low, up to about 70 rubles per kilogram.
- Impregnation of the second generation "Pirilax";
- "Neomid".
Their price is already much higher and reaches 320 rubles per kilogram.
Where can fire bioprotection be used?
Antiseptic, fire-bioprotection of wood can be used to treat only objects under construction; it is also possible to impregnate wooden structures that have previously been subjected to antiseptic treatment.
Modern compositions will not only protect the tree from mold fungi and wood-boring beetles, but will also allow it to maintain an attractive appearance for a long time, protecting it from cracking.
Currently there is a good opportunity by doing construction own home, will make sure that wooden structures are not damaged by bugs, mold and remain attractive for a long time. You just need to purchase the necessary impregnation and carefully process the material.
Treating wood with high-quality antiseptics can significantly increase its service life.
They are intended for effective protection wooden structures from mold, rot and destruction, as well as to improve performance characteristics.
For this purpose, specially developed formulations that meet basic safety requirements are suitable.
Wood protection begins with choosing a suitable antiseptic.
Types of antiseptics and composition
Modern antiseptics are classified by composition, purpose and area of use.
Depending on the main components that were used for production protective equipment, wood impregnation can be divided into the following types:
- Water soluble;
- Oil;
- Organic;
- Combined.
Water soluble
Impregnation on a water-soluble basis is intended for preventive maintenance of wood processing various types. Wood preservative is used to protect surfaces that are not exposed to water.
The following ingredients are used for the production of water-soluble antiseptics:
- Sodium silicofluoride;
- Sodium fluoride;
- BBK 3 ( boric acid and borax).
Oily
The most popular and sought-after type of antiseptic, which is used to protect wooden structures from increased moisture. The basis of such products is oils - anthracene, shale or coal.
Wood preservative gives the wood a dark, rich shade.
It does not dissolve in water, but has an increased flammability coefficient and a strong oily odor, therefore it is used exclusively for external work.
Organic
Organic impregnation is not so popular and is often used to protect external wooden structures.
An antiseptic for wood of this type creates a thin protective film on the treated surface, improving the moisture-absorbing and adhesive characteristics of wood.
The disadvantages include the possibility of painting surfaces in green color and an increase in their porosity.
In addition, such products have a negative effect on metal elements, promoting the development of corrosion processes.
Combined
Such antiseptic compositions successfully combine the performance characteristics of other types.
Purpose
Depending on the purpose, special wood protection is divided into two categories:
Based on the area of use, wood antiseptics are divided into two categories:
- For interior works. Impregnation of this type is used to protect structures and elements intended for interior spaces. Therefore, it is absolutely harmless and has no strong odor. It is important to remember that for each type of room you must choose the appropriate antiseptic.
- For outdoor work. This category contains antiseptic impregnations and finishing agents intended for the treatment of external wooden surfaces. They are wear-resistant and resistant to aggressive influences. Compositions for external use have a specific pungent odor, are resistant to high moisture, low temperatures and ultraviolet. It is better not to use them for interior work.
Choosing the best antiseptic
Effective protection of wood depends on which antiseptic was chosen. To choose suitable antiseptic compounds for wood, it is important to consider some factors:
- Manufacturer;
- Compound;
- Purpose and scope of use;
- Type of wood;
- Consumption per sq.m.;
- Effect on the human body;
- Quality certificates;
- Price.
A reliable antiseptic for wood should have a high toxicity rating against mold, mildew and harmful microorganisms.
No less important is the protective ability indicator. So wood protection can be ineffective, medium effective, effective and highly effective.
The finished product must fully correspond to the degree of damage to the wood. According to this characteristic, the antiseptic can be used on clean, uncontaminated, slightly contaminated and heavily contaminated wooden surfaces.
Impregnation for interior work must have an appropriate sanitary certificate indicating complete safety for indoor use. Preparations for external use must have high resistance to low temperatures and ultraviolet radiation.
What antiseptic drug is considered high quality? One that is well applied to the surface and is compatible with any paint and varnish material.
Before purchasing, you should carefully read the instructions for use and check the expiration date of the drug.
It is worth refusing to purchase antiseptics from unknown manufacturers without the necessary quality certificates, because high price is not always an indicator of quality.
DIY antiseptic
You can prepare a protective antiseptic for wood yourself, which will be much cheaper than purchased analogues. Most often, homemade antiseptic compositions are prepared from iron sulfate and sodium fluoride.
Vitriolic
In volumetric plastic container pour in 100 g of iron sulfate and 10 g of potassium permanganate. Add 20 liters of water and stir thoroughly. Ready composition Apply to the surface to be treated using a brush or roller.
Sodium
To prepare an antiseptic you will need 25 kg of sodium fluoride and 400 liters of water.
It is better to apply the finished mixture to a wooden surface using the airless painting method. After drying, the wood is carefully sanded with a flap wheel and treated with finishing protective impregnations - oil, varnish or wax.
The difference between homemade and factory-made antiseptic preparations lies only in the components that are used for their production.
Ready-made factory impregnation is more effective due to the high content of organic components. It is toxic to humans and animals and must therefore be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Do-it-yourself compositions are less practical and effective, but at the same time they save money. Homemade bioprotection is easy to prepare, environmentally friendly and safe for humans. To determine which antiseptic will be the best, it is worth considering all the conditions for its use.
Proper treatment of wood with an antiseptic
The technique for processing wood surfaces is quite simple, but, nevertheless, it is important to remember safety precautions when working with chemicals of such a type.
For work you will need special protective clothing, a mask, latex gloves and wood impregnation.
- The surface is thoroughly cleaned of old coating, debris and dust. Next, the wood is processed with soft detergents and dries.
- The antiseptic mixture is applied to the damaged areas using a brush or roller. The next layers are applied 2–3 hours after the first layer has completely dried. Complete drying of the treated surfaces can last from 3 days to 2 weeks.
- It is better to carry out all wood processing work at temperatures from +5 (for organic, oil and combined compositions) and at +10 (for water-soluble ones). Air humidity is at least 85%.
- To kill insects, it is better to use alcohol compounds, which are poured into the holes made by pests with a special syringe. Next, the surface is treated with the selected antiseptic.
Re-protection of wood with antiseptics is carried out in case of chips, cracks and changes in surface color.
To protect the load-bearing structural elements of the house, made of flammable materials, from possible risks of damage in the event of dangerous situation, use special means(Groups I and II according to the degree of fire protection efficiency). They are part of a set of measures to ensure fire safety object.
What is fire bioprotection for wood?
This is a product of a certain composition, the use of which reduces the likelihood of an instantaneous ignition of an object and slows down the rate of fire spread. Another name is fire retardants for wood. Treated with protective substances certain type material, i.e. they are highly specialized. Application must be completed prior to construction. Fire bioprotection should be applied not only to the elements of the house frame, but also scaffolding, scaffolding and other auxiliary structures, if they are made of wood.
How does wood fire protection work?
The fire-fighting substance has a number of properties: bioprotective or antiseptic; fire retardant. Depending on the type, the principle of operation of the composition differs:
- Fire-retardant impregnation for wood can emit non-flammable gases, which leads to a decrease in the access of oxygen to the material.
- Another way: the formation of a dense, impenetrable film, due to which the combustion temperature of the wood increases significantly.
- Refractory substances can contain a number of compounds: salts of boric, phosphoric or silicic acids. There are also salt-free analogues - their price is higher.
Antiseptic for wood
The advantage of fire protection is its complex effect. At external treatment Fire-resistant impregnation for wood is also effective in fighting insects. This property is ensured due to the effect on the material of the compounds included in the composition. In this case, either salt crystals penetrate into the structure, or the wood is impregnated with technological substances. In the second case, there is no film on the surface; antiseptic properties appear when chemical bonds are formed between the impregnation elements and the material, which prevents insects from infesting the structure.
Fire retardants for wood
Fire protection is provided through chemical reactions at a significant increase in temperature. The decomposition of compounds into their constituent elements leads to the release of foamed coke or non-flammable gases. The first option covers the material. When the fire is eliminated, the layer of foam coke can be removed mechanically. If such fire-bioprotection is used for wood, the impregnated material remains undamaged. When using other types of fire retardants, gases are formed, often toxic. This means that you need to ventilate the room well.
Fire-retardant composition for wood
Classification is carried out according to the method of application and principle of action:
- penetrating substances (fire retardant impregnation of wood);
- special coatings.
In the first case it is provided comprehensive protection tree from the inside, in the second - from outside different types of coatings are applied to the boards. These can be paints and varnishes, paste-like coatings. All of them are characterized by varying degrees of intensity of impact on fire. There are salt and non-salt substances. Penetrating compounds are divided into groups based on the characteristics of the substances. This:
- solvent-soluble fire protection for wood;
- water-soluble compounds.
The second option is very popular because it does not require the use of dangerous solvents, which are often a group of flammable substances. This distinguishes preparations for processing from organosoluble analogues. Taking into account the characteristics of the composition of water-soluble substances, they can be divided into groups:
- non-washable;
- difficult to wash out;
- washable;
- easy to wash.
Fire protection for wood from popular brands
To choose a high-quality and proven composition, it is recommended to study the offers on the market. Popular brands are Olympus, Senezh, Neomid, Asfor, Pirilax, Healthy Home. Besides, famous manufacturers(TechnoNIKOL) offer products based on other substances, for example, bitumen varnish, which protects wood from insects and rot. Such materials can be selected and ordered in a catalog on the manufacturer’s website or from intermediaries.
Price for fire protection for wood
The cost directly depends on the intensity of the substance’s impact on fire and the effectiveness of protection (group I or II), and additionally on consumption, method of application and container volume. If you buy fire bioprotection in an online store, it will cost a little less. The price of different types of products ranges from 300 to 6,000 rubles/container. Senezh products (10 kg) are offered inexpensively - at a price of 700 rubles, a smaller quantity (5 kg) can be purchased for 620 rubles.
The cost varies significantly depending on the amount of fire protection for wood and its properties. For example, compositions of group I fire protection efficiency will cost several thousand rubles. Consumption plays a secondary role in this case. For comparison, the price of substances of the Neomid brand I group is 6,000 rubles. (25 kg). Some types of fire protection for wood, for example, Senezh, can be applied multiple times, which increases consumption, but at the same time increases the impregnation of wood. This will lead to an increase in the cost of processing 1 sq. m area, however, it will improve the properties of the material.
Protection of wooden structures from rotting and fire
- The wood must dry, which will further ensure good absorption of the substance.
- The surface is cleaned. If you have an old one paint coating Before applying fire protection, it must be removed.
- The coating/impregnation is applied in several layers. The quantity is determined by the consumption of the substance per 1 square. m (indicated on the packaging). The interval between application of layers is 12-24 hours.
How to choose fire protection for wood
Increased reliability is ensured by substances of fire protection efficiency group I. First, it is recommended to pay attention to such compositions. To choose the right fire protection, the purpose of the material is taken into account: interior decoration, Part load-bearing structure (hidden installation). The shade of the substance is taken into account: the coating can change color; there are colorless analogues.
It is necessary to take into account the type of composition and differences in application methods. This also affects the duration of drying and the degree of efficiency. Some compositions can be used in larger quantities to provide improved fire protection. It is recommended to select the substance according to the method of action: decomposition into gaseous compounds, swelling on the surface of wood, melting of the outer coating. When choosing, you need to look at the container capacity and price, and first calculate the required amount of fire retardant (approximate consumption).
Video: the best fire protection for wooden structures
Lumber can be short-lived if it is not treated with anything.
Any untreated wood is afraid of bugs, spiders, rodents and smaller creatures, such as mold. In addition, it darkens or turns gray when exposed to ultraviolet light. The paradox is that impregnation with toxic components negates the entire environmental friendliness of lumber. Therefore, it is worth learning to find safe compounds.
Attention! The rounding is considered not strong, because the top, strongest one is removed from the log protective layer. Impregnation is simply necessary for it.
Classification of antiseptics
Antiseptic is a special water-repellent composition that protects wood from insects and microorganisms.
Division by composition:
- water soluble. For lumber not in contact with moisture;
- oil Used only for outdoor work due to the specific odor;
- With organic solvents. Perfectly protects internal and external walls, creating a dense waterproof film;
- combined mixtures, which contain several components with different tasks. For example, protection from insects, plus fire resistance (fire retardant).
Division by purpose of use:
- preservative. Protects during storage, transportation and construction downtime. They do not form a film, allowing the lumber to “breathe”. Saves from pests and mold;
- whitening. To eliminate blue stains in the early stages or for treatment before dyeing;
- unwashable. The most powerful type of antiseptic that preserves the support of the house throughout the life of the wood. Not afraid of exposure to soil and water;
- protective. Used for interior and exterior work, can be colorless or decorative, toning wood different colors and shades;
- fire retardant. There are two classes of effectiveness, as well as coloring and colorless;
- decorative and tinting for finishing work.
The best antiseptic for wood is on water based
Depending on the purpose of the work, you can choose one or another antiseptic, the purpose of which is indicated on the packaging. Experts believe that it is better to buy not a universal option, but a narrowly focused one, it will be more effective.
It is advisable that high-quality composition had several characteristics:
- Shelf life more than 1 year. If less, it means it is a low-quality product, because... The main component of inexpensive mixtures, the biocide, degrades quickly.
- The best option for wood is a water-based mixture.
- Safe for animals and people, non-volatile.
- Low consumption combined with a high degree of protection. The product should be as liquid as possible, ensuring complete impregnation.
- Extending the life of wood by 3-5 times.
- The composition should not contain salts, otherwise it will leave streaks.
Advice. Antiseptics may react differently to other wood materials. Therefore, before purchasing, it is worth considering the entire cycle of work, from processing to finishing coating.
Very important point– application temperature. Experts are confident that 99% of all existing antiseptics cannot be applied to sub-zero temperatures. Some sellers claim that wood can be heated and treated, but this is not true. If you need a composition for application in winter, you need to look for it very carefully.
Examples of impregnating antiseptics
The advantages of impregnating compounds are that they penetrate deeply and form a reliable “antiseptic” barrier. Any antiseptic with such action is diluted with water or a solvent, for example, White Spirit. Water option is considered the best, because it dries quickly and has no odor.
Known impregnating antiseptics:
- Reliable Tikkurila brand with Finnish antiseptic “Valtti Color”. Has 16 colors, diluted with White Spirit. Suitable for processing timber, rounding and other surfaces. The cost is high, but the consumption is economical: 1 liter. for 10 sq.m. It is considered one of the most reliable options.
- The famous Russian brand Senezh with popular antiseptics “Senezh-Aquadecor”, “Ultra”, “Sauna”. They are diluted with water and come in 16 shades. “Senezh-Aquadecor” costs 2 rubles. cheaper than the Finnish product, but not inferior in terms of efficiency. 1 l. enough to treat 13 square meters of any wooden surface, and 1 layer is enough. Minus - the composition is not always effective, as evidenced by some negative reviews.
- Non-washable antiseptic "Neomid 430" from the Russian company Neomid. Able to protect lumber from high humidity. In general, the company's products are inexpensive, because... antiseptics are packaged in dry, concentrated form.
Domestic and foreign antiseptics that create a film
The fundamental difference of this type is the creation of a film on the surface of lumber. It repels water and protects against other harmful effects. The film can crack, so such compositions are best used for interior work.
- Antiseptic "Pinotex" made in Finland. Proven, high-quality composition with an incredible number of shades.
- The Russian manufacturer Rogneda with the product “Eurotex” has 16 colors. A special feature is the presence of wax, which leads to an amazing glossy shine. The expense is significant, but the product is inexpensive.
- The Belinka Base company from Slovenia offers high-quality deep penetration antiseptics. They are generally colorless and are designed to protect wood from insects and blue stains caused by high humidity. Diluted with solvent.
Advice. Mixtures with organic solvents should be applied at a temperature of +5ºС. Water-based compositions - at +10ºС.
Proper processing should begin with cleaning the wood. This can be done with a scraper or a cloth soaked in White Spirit. When the surfaces are dry and clean, an antiseptic can be applied to them. Moreover, first of all it is necessary to treat damaged surfaces.
Necessary measure when using wooden building materials and designs. This is due to the fact that wood, more than other materials, is susceptible to the destructive effects of fire and biological pests. Professional fire-bioprotective wood treatment increases the durability of wood structures, preserves their appearance and protects them from fire, mold and destruction by insects.
Fire-bioprotection should be understood as the treatment of wooden structures and wood-based building materials with fire-bioprotective impregnations. The composition of high-quality and modern impregnation includes two active components - fire retardant and antiseptic. A fire retardant increases the fire resistance of structures and prevents wood from burning, and a wood antiseptic protects against the effects of biological pests. Let's take a closer look at the operating principle of these main components of the fire-retardant composition.
Fire retardants for wood - reliable protection against fire.
Fire retardants- substances that reduce and slow down the flammability of materials of organic origin, including wood. To understand how a fire retardant protects wood from fire, let’s remember the mechanism of wood combustion.
Under the influence of a flame, the moisture contained in the wood evaporates on a wood surface untreated with a fire retardant, and then flammable gases are released, which ignite upon contact with oxygen. In this regard, wood not only catches fire easily, but also supports combustion, increasing the area of the fire.
Fire retardants included in the fire-bioprotective impregnations of NPO Stroyzashchita work in two directions, protecting the wooden structure from the outside and from the inside. In the event of a fire, on the surface of wood treated with fire-bioprotective impregnation, non-toxic and non-flammable gases are released, cooling the wood from the inside, and a persistent film is formed from the charred components of the impregnation, blocking the flow of oxygen and preventing the maintenance of combustion.
Fire retardants have 1 or 2 groups of fire retardant efficiency, according to GOST R 53292-2009 “Fire retardant compositions and substances for wood and materials based on it. General requirements. Test methods". Group 2 flame retardants only prevent fire, while group 1 impregnations effectively protect wood at all stages of fire development.
When choosing a fire retardant, you should take into account both the effectiveness group and combustion characteristics wood material. For example, wood from coniferous species burns several times faster than oak boards.
Under standard conditions, wooden structures not treated with a fire retardant collapse within 15-20 minutes. after the fire started. Structures impregnated with fire retardant retain their strength much longer, allowing people to evacuate from the scene of a fire and save property from fire.
Antiseptic for wood - protection against the harmful effects of microorganisms.
In addition to fire protection, wood should be protected from the destructive effects of mold, fungi and insects. For bioprotection, wood is treated with an antiseptic. Antiseptics - chemicals, preventing the destruction of the material under the influence of biological pests.
Microorganisms can destroy wood in the shortest possible time. Wood affected by fungi, and along with it structures made from it, lose mechanical strength and are not able to withstand the design load.
In a poorly ventilated area with high humidity mold forms. Mold does not affect mechanical properties wood, but increases the rate of water absorption, creating favorable conditions for fungal development.
Insects pose a great danger. By gnawing passages in the wood, they destroy the material. Wood loses its mechanical properties and rots.
Treating wood with an antiseptic protects the material from destructive biological factors. When choosing an antiseptic, you should pay attention to the expiration date and composition of the product. Phenol, arsenic and chromium pose a threat to human health.