In modern individual housing construction, preference is given to 2 or 3 storey building. Therefore, to climb to a floor in a house, a staircase is needed. The owners are faced with the question: “Which staircase is better to choose?”

Let's consider what types of stairs exist, their advantages and disadvantages.

Types of stairs for the home.

Stairs for the home can be divided into three main types:

Spiral or screw
Marching
Stairs on rails

Spiral staircase

Marching staircase

Staircase on rails

Spiral staircases.

Spiral staircases are used when it is necessary to save space. They are usually made of wood or metal. Steps in the form of wedges are attached around a post or post. Typically the stand is made of metal and is a pipe. The narrow side of the steps is attached to the post, and the wide side is in contact with the wall or balusters.

prosspiral staircases are to save space and decorative possibilities.

Minuses The problem with these stairs is that they are not very convenient and difficult to manufacture.

Important points about spiral staircases:

To make it convenient and safe to climb such stairs, the central width of the steps is made no less than 20-25 cm. The widest part should be no more than 40 cm.
Basically, the materials for making spiral staircases are wood or metal.
Stairs can be placed either against a load-bearing wall or in the middle of the room. They take up little space, but are still installed less frequently than straight ones. This depends on convenience, since going down a screw specimen is very difficult, you need to be careful and attentive when doing this.
Basically, these stairs are auxiliary. They are good when the installation opening is small. But there are specimens whose diameter is more than 3 meters; of course, this is rare; an experienced master always uses such an opening for a flight of stairs.
It must be borne in mind that the smaller the opening, the steeper the staircase.

Marching stairs.

This is the most common type of stairs in private homes. It is very convenient to go up and down, since the biomechanics of movements are taken into account. These stairs are ideal in rooms where there is enough space. The size of such a staircase and the required dimensions of the space can usually be calculated as follows: measure the height of the wall where the staircase will pass and the length of the floor. Then draw a right triangle, where the legs are the wall and the floor, and the hypotenuse is the staircase. The ideal angle of the stairs is 45 degrees.

There are flight stairs various types: closed flight stairs and open ones. Closed ones require the presence of steps with risers, open ones - when there are no risers.

Closed flight staircase.

Open staircase

pros marching stairs lie in the simplicity of design and design, ease of use.

Minuses The point is that you need a large free space of more than 3 sq.m. To save space, rotating flight stairs with intermediate platforms are used.

M Arch stairs also differ in design. There are with stringers, but there are with bowstrings. These are the types of fastening of stair steps.

The stringer design involves placing the steps in such a way that they are laid, as it were, in the so-called “saddles”. The steps are laid on top of the stringer beam, and risers are mounted at the end. The beam has a sawtooth shape.

Stringer design

Bowstring mount

Bowstrings, that is, inclined load-bearing beams, run along the entire length of the marches and are the basis, the load-bearing part of the structure. Generally, large staircases are bowstring (their width can be 2 meters or more). The so-called bowstring covers the end fragments of the marches. Here the steps are fastened into wide spaces (grooves) that are located inside the supporting beams. The thickness of the beams must be greater than 6 cm.

Stairs can be single-flight, double-flight or multi-flight. The number of flights depends on the layout and number of floors in the house, as well as the purpose of the premises.

In addition, staircases are conventionally divided for rotary And straight.

Direct ones are the simplest. Their characteristics are convenience, strength, and ease of manufacture.

Straight staircase

Rotary flight staircase

Rotary flight stairs are also divided into types.

These are curved, the width of the narrow end of which should be no less than 10 cm. This is their feature. There are curved stairs.

Also turning stairs There are half-turn, circular, quarter-turn. The rotation angle of the latter type is 90 degrees; they are usually mounted along two adjacent walls.

Quarter turn staircase

Half-turn staircase

And for circular ones this parameter is equal to 360 degrees.

Stairs on rails

Bolt stairs get their name from the German word, which means pin or bolt. That is, a fastener with which you can attach a ladder. Steps and fencing of this design are mounted to the wall using bolts. Or the ladder rests on special steel supports in the form of rods.

The steps are attached exclusively to the wall with bolts. That is, there must be a wall on one side of the stairs. Such designs are very popular and are becoming increasingly widespread. They seem light and weightless from the outside. But this is actually not the case, of course. Such ladders are very reliable and durable; one step can support a load weighing more than 1500 kg.

pros staircases on rails - compactness, economy in the use of materials.

Minuses- mandatory presence of durable stone wall on one side of the stairs.

Cantilever stairs

One of the most modern staircase designs. It looks very impressive and stylish in the interior. Its steps seem to float in the air.

The ends of the steps are embedded into the wall for a length of at least 20 cm or brackets are embedded into the wall.

pros cantilever staircases - they do not clutter up the space, do not block light and air flows in the room, look impressive and stylish, and reduce the consumption of materials for the main elements of the staircase.

Minuses- require more durable fastenings, are not very convenient for movement, are complex in design and execution, and are less safe, since there is no fencing.

Materials for making stairs

Stairs can be made from various materials. Steps made of wood, concrete, plastic, marble, metal, granite, glass are no longer surprising; in the face of diversity, it is difficult to make the right choice. It is necessary to pay attention to the durability of the materials from which the stairs are made. The material from which the steps are made is important, because they receive most of the load. They must be resistant to abrasion, not susceptible to shoe marks, mechanical stress, and least sensitive to temperature fluctuations, sunlight, and humidity. It is also important that the steps are not exposed to household chemicals, other substances, or dirt; they must be environmentally friendly and easy to maintain.

Metal. The most durable and durable is stainless steel. Service life - from 40 to 50 years or more. Corrosion resistance. Chromed steel lasts on average 5 years, and painted steel lasts 2-3 years. Anodized aluminum is quite soft and can be deformed, but is resistant to corrosion.

Stone. Quartzite or granite is most preferred. Hard natural stones have a long service life of several hundred years. high strength artificial stone on a concrete base. Agglomarble and natural marble are soft rocks; after 2 years of use, the steps begin to wear out.

Tree. The most durable wood is mahogany, teak, doussie, wenge, walnut, ash, cabreuve, and mutiny. These rocks are resistant to weather conditions, excess humidity, they are hard and do not absorb mechanical damage. Maple, oak, and beech are also resistant to mechanical stress, hardwoods. But light traces of oil may remain on the oak; it is very sensitive to it. Beech can become deformed and is susceptible to moisture. Maple may turn yellow and is prone to cracks.

Pine can be called the most unsuitable material for stairs, since it is soft and very susceptible to any mechanical stress. Cherry and pear have average strength characteristics and are shock-resistant. Larch does not rot and is stronger than pine.

The most universal material for the construction of stairs in private houses is considered reinforced concrete. The advantages of such structures over wooden and metal ones: high strength; noise insulation; operation during construction; low cost; variety of designs, designs and cladding

How to choose a staircase

What should you first of all pay attention to in order to choose and order the right staircase?

The following criteria are important:

It is important to contact a staircase manufacturer at the design stage of your home. At this stage, specialists will have to recommend the openings necessary for the stairs.
You need to immediately choose the design of the staircase. Will it be a spiral, marching or rail staircase? The marching one is very convenient, but it requires a lot of space. The spiral staircase is beautiful, economical in terms of space, but very inconvenient when going up and down. The staircase on the rails is both aesthetically pleasing and convenient.
The staircase should be comfortable. The most convenient and safest stairs are marching ones with platforms, as well as straight ones marching structures, where there are no more than 18 steps. In second place are stairs on rails and flights with winder steps. And the honorable third place is rightfully occupied by spiral staircases.
You need to pay attention to staircase openings. Each opening is an individual solution, it depends on the staircase design and configuration. Engineers usually recommend following parameters, but we must remember that this is a purely individual criterion and each room should have its own approach: if the flight is straight, then the opening should be 1.2 by 3.7 m; if the configuration is L-shaped, then the opening size is 3.1 by 1.3 m. For a U-shaped structure, an opening of 2 by 2.5 m is recommended. The main spiral staircase can have an opening of 2.2 by 2.2 m ( d 200 - 210 cm); and the auxiliary one is 1.5 by 1.5 m (d 140 cm).
One of the important points that should be given special attention is ladder safety. That is, there must be a certain ratio between the width of the tread and the height of the rise; the method of installing the last and first steps, which are the most dangerous places designs. For the safety of children, the distance between fence balusters or posts should be no more than 15 cm.
If the staircase does not pass between two walls, then there must be guardrails. The height of the fences should not be more than 85 cm. The width of the steps is recommended from 25 to 30 cm.
Another safety point is load bearing capacity stairs. That is, it must withstand certain loads. For public buildings this is no less than 400 kg per 1 square meter of step, and for residential premises this parameter is 300 kg per 1 square meter.
For safety reasons, the steps must be non-slip and not tilted. The railings must be suitable for any height. All this is laid down at the design stage of the stairs. Safety depends not only on the manufacturer, who must comply with all rules and regulations, but also on the installers.
First, the staircase is very carefully secured on the second floor or on the platform between floors. The length of the stairs must match the height of the floor. Railings are installed on the second floor. For these purposes, reliable fasteners are needed. As a result, the staircase must be strong, the railings must be tight and secure.
The lifting angle should not be more than 45 degrees. Most best option– this is 35-40 degrees. The width of the marches should be no less than 80 cm, it is best if it is from 90 to 120 cm.
The size of the opening in the interfloor ceilings is recommended for single-flight straight stairs with minimum size 100 by 250 cm. For spiral staircases that have a central post, the minimum opening diameter is 170 cm, and for U-shaped stairs - 210 by 250 cm.
It is recommended to break the climb into several parts with rest areas or winder steps at turns. This will be a guarantee of safety. The material from which the steps and the entire structure are made is also important. It must be non-flammable. For these purposes, for example, wood is treated special compounds.
Stairs are always designed for a specific house, all its features are taken into account. The recommended lifting step height is from 15 to 19 cm, and the desired and safe height of the handrails is 90-95 cm.

The basis of any staircase design is its functionality and aesthetics. The practical component is paramount. But appearance also plays a significant role.

The material from which the structure is made also affects its technical specifications, and on design. Let's consider the questions of which staircase is better: metal or wood, what is affected by the use of each of these materials, and where is it better to use such a design.

According to their purpose, all stairs can be divided into:

Input;
Interfloor;
Passage;
Workers.

By location they can be external or internal, by functionality:

Stationary;
Portable;
Transformable.

Staircases differ according to the material they are made of:

Concrete;
Made from natural stone;
Brick;
Wooden;
Metal;
Glass;
Combined.

Screw;
Marching;
Combined.

Marching stairs are the most common in use.

They are easy to manufacture and can be:

Single march;
Double march;
Multi-march.

Screw ones are more suitable when it is necessary to save space in the room.

Combined options are often chosen for individual projects.

Staircase designs

Structurally, the staircase consists of:

Carrying system;
steps;
Fencing.

The supporting element can be:

Stringers;
Bowstrings;
Boltsy;
Racks.

Stringers are solid support beams, the steps are attached to them from above. Wooden flight stairs are most often made on stringers.

Bowstrings have special grooves on inside, where the steps are inserted.

The bolts can serve as fastening steps to the wall, and also fasten them together.

Central support posts usually have spiral staircases.

Metal supports are most suitable for spiral and curved staircases.

Stair railings consist of:

Railings or handrails;
Support and intermediate posts or balusters;
Decorative elements.

Each element of the staircase has its own requirements. In addition, the entire staircase design must also meet a number of conditions.

Basic requirements for staircase material

Basic requirements that the staircase material must meet:

Strength;
Moisture resistance;
Durability;
Chemical resistance;
Weather resistance;
Fire safety;
Easy installation;
Environmental cleanliness;
Ease of use;
Easy to care for;
Aesthetic appeal.

Additionally, the steps must be highly resistant to abrasion and have a non-slip surface.

In addition, the cost of staircase construction is of great importance.

Strength of the staircase structure

In terms of strength characteristics, wood is significantly inferior to metal. However, valuable wood species have sufficient strength necessary for the normal operation of the staircase structure.

The hardest rocks are:

Maple.

Of the other options, it is better to choose larch, which is stronger than pine and other soft woods.

In terms of the strength of the connection of individual elements, wooden structures are also inferior to metal ones. Over time, the wood dries out and the joints become loose.

Metal stairs do not have this problem. The design of a metal staircase has:

Reliability;
Resilience;
Rigidity.

The exception is aluminum. He's enough soft material, can be easily deformed.

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Exposure to moisture is equally destructive for both untreated wood and ordinary steel. All wooden elements must be protected from water using special means:

Moisture-resistant impregnations;
Paint;
Lakov.

When using wooden stairs outdoors, such protection is absolutely necessary. It will constantly need to be updated. For example, beech is unstable to moisture and can become deformed, while larch does not rot.

Modern production technologies make it possible to produce wood-based materials that are reliably protected from the harmful effects of water. For example, wood-polymer composite.

Ordinary steel is absolutely unstable to corrosion and requires mandatory processing. To prevent rust from reducing the strength characteristics of a metal structure, it is necessary to paint the metal with special compounds. In addition, the metal will need constant care to maintain the appearance of the staircase and increase its service life.

The following are resistant to corrosion:

Stainless steel;
Aluminum;
Chromed steel.

If the staircase structure is not assembled using welded joints, then the systems made from these types of metal can be used outdoors for a very long time.

But if welding is used, then the joints of the elements require special attention. They must be thoroughly cleaned and coated with protective compounds.

Durability

Wooden stairs can last quite a long time. Illustrative examples are the magnificent staircase complexes in many historical buildings.

But this requires the use of valuable wood, which is perfectly prepared, well dried, and treated with special compounds from:

Rotting;
Mold;
Gribkov;
Insects;
Rodents.

In addition, appropriate temperature and humidity conditions are required. Further finished design must be maintained in an aesthetically pleasing manner at all times.

Exterior wooden stairs that have not been treated on time and properly will quickly lose their normal appearance.

Sometimes it is no longer possible to restore it. Of the metals, stainless steel has the most long term operation.

Regular profiled steel will last longer than wood.

But it also requires special treatment and subsequent care.

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

If we compare the resistance of wood and metal to aggressive and atmospheric influences, then metal structures have higher technical performance.

Wood is very susceptible to most acids, alkalis and other unfavorable factors.

Fire safety of staircase system

If we consider the issue of fire safety of wood and metal, then it is clearly not decided in favor of wooden structures.

Wooden staircase structures in the building should be located away from any possible sources of fire. Even treating them with special fire-retardant compounds does not provide a complete guarantee of fire safety.

Metal structures resist high temperatures much longer. Of course, they also lose their technical characteristics as a result of prolonged action open fire. But during a fire, the metal does not emit combustion products, and no smoke occurs from it.

In order to reliably protect the metal structures of stairs, they are coated with special fire retardant compounds and paints.

Easy processing of material and installation of the structure

Wood is much easier to process than metal. For this reason, you can independently create a larger number of shapes, sizes, and decorative elements from it.

With metal everything is more complicated. In factory conditions it is very plastic and can be done:

Profile products;
Casting;
Forging.

But all these will be ready-made parts, or separate modules, from which you can assemble not so many options for stairs with your own hands. As a rule, they are accompanied by instructions from the manufacturer.

The production of individual designs to order immediately leads to an increase in the price of the product. Few people can make a forged staircase on their own, or use a welding machine.

Environmentally friendly material

The naturalness of wood and its valuable properties for creating a favorable indoor microclimate are well-known facts. No other material can compete with this.

Often the choice in favor of a wooden staircase in the house is made precisely for this reason. Wood creates unique comfort and warmth in any room.

From an environmental point of view, there are no questions about untreated wood materials. However, when different chemical substances to protect wood, you need to be very careful in choosing them.

Ecologically pure material- tree

Important! It is strictly forbidden to use materials intended only for external use to process wood inside the house. They usually provide very reliable protection wooden surface from various adverse effects, but emit substances hazardous to human health.

You should select impregnations, paints and varnishes with natural ingredients. Products with certificates - well-known brands - deserve more trust.

Metal itself is an absolutely clean environmental material. A problem with metal stairs can be caused by treating them with unsafe compounds.

Therefore, their choice should also be approached with caution.

Ease of use of the ladder

Wooden stairs are more convenient to use than metal ones. The safety of descent and ascent on non-slip steps that isolate sounds, the pleasant naturalness of the steps and railings are the undeniable advantages of wood. They do not create inconvenience when walking.

The only serious drawback is the presence of creaking steps. It often occurs during operation, due to drying out of the wood or improper assembly of the structure.

The disadvantages of metal stairs during their operation include:

Slippery steps;
Low noise insulation;
Heating of the structure in the sun and strong cooling at low temperatures.

Slippery metal steps can pose a serious hazard and require greater caution when walking on them. If there are children in the house, then using a metal ladder becomes even more dangerous.

The noise that is created during the operation of a metal staircase can be reduced by using special coverings for the steps.

The metal tends to react strongly to temperature, which makes it unsafe to use. If the handrails are heated in the sun for a long time, they can cause burns. When the temperature environment goes into the range below zero, then unprotected skin of the hands can also suffer from direct contact with metal.

One option to avoid this is to finish the railings with wood.

The aesthetic appeal of the staircase as a decorative element

The design of stairs made of wood and metal is a purely individual matter. Some people prefer the naturalness and natural beauty of wooden structures.

Others will opt for metal products.

Purely metal staircase designs cannot boast such a wide variety of design options as wooden models.

Cost of staircase construction

From wood the most a budget option– pine staircase.

For a metal staircase the most simple design from ordinary steel profiles.

But these are very low-cost and, accordingly, purely practical options. There's not much to talk about aesthetics here. If you choose more design solutions, then generally a metal staircase will cost more than a wooden one.

Yes, when using exotic wood species with artistic finishing of elements, the price for an exclusive option can reach huge sums.

Which staircase is cheaper: wooden or metal - depends on the type of material and the complexity of the design. But this is a purely individual choice.

Combined staircase designs

In order to use all the advantages of materials and reduce or even eliminate their disadvantages, you can use a combined version of stairs.

The combination of metal and wood in structures is very common; they complement each other perfectly.

Stairs made of metal and wood can be used both inside and outside the building.

Stairs on a metal frame

Metal-wood stairs are mainly used, which consist of:

Metal supporting frame;
Wooden steps;
Combined fencing.

That is, metal acts as a more durable and reliable support option. Wood gives the structure an attractive appearance and ease of use. Wooden stairs with a metal base can be made in any shape and size.

Their main advantages are:

Durability;
High strength;
Rigidity;
Sustainability;
Easy to assemble.

The cost of a combined structure is, most often, much cheaper than a completely wooden version of the staircase.

Modern metal production technologies make it possible to create lightweight structures. They can be sheathed not only with natural wood, but also with various materials based on it.

In order to reduce the cost of stairs, you can combine expensive types of wood - for elements with high operational load, and cheap species - for products that are less subject to wear.

For example, the following are made from solid wood:

Steps;
Supports;
Handrails.

From pine or birch you can build:

End parts of steps;
Frame sheathing;
Skirting boards;
Other vertical parts.

Wooden steps, which are attached to a metal frame, eliminate creaking and can be easily replaced if necessary.

Besides, wooden steps have the greatest safety when moving on stairs. There is less chance of slipping - injuries from a fall will not be significant.

It’s quite easy to give a staircase on a metal frame a completely new look if you completely change all the wooden elements.

Combined staircase - photo

The metal frame can be completely covered with wood.

The strength of the structure will be high, and aesthetically it will look like wood.

Stairs with a combined frame

Can be combined different variants supports and fences. For example, wooden steps rest on one side on a wooden stringer, and the other side is attached to metal bolts. Metal fencing gives the structure additional strength.

There are a lot of options for combining staircase structures made of wood and metal.

Combined stair railing

Another option is to combine stair railings.

Cold metal railings and handrails are sheathed in wood or made entirely of wood. Support pillars can be made from both materials.

Filling the internal space between them is possible from decorative metal elements.

For outdoor use, it is better to choose the option of a metal staircase - it is less susceptible to external atmospheric influences;
Perfect for indoors combined option– the combination of strength and stability with an aesthetic component will give the user much more convenience than mono-material stairs;
For the installation of transformable attic stairs, it is better to choose lightweight metal structures;
Any working stairs should be made of aluminum;
Completely wooden structures will definitely fit perfectly into the design of a wooden house.

Which is better: metal or wooden stairs? Everyone approaches this issue individually. There is no definite answer here, and everyone has their own choice. More information about the designs of stairs made of wood and metal can be found by watching the video in this article.

The question is “which staircase to stop on” when constructing a residential building, be it small dacha or a solid cottage, arise for every developer. The choice of stairs is carried out by considering the following parameters - beauty of the product, cost, originality, reliability, durability. Developers determine the importance of parameters in almost the same order. We, as professionals, still recommend putting the reliability of the design first, and then everything else.

If we compare the construction of wooden or metal stairs, then:

The complexity of designing wooden or metal stairs with modern software tools is almost the same.

Manufacturing individual metal stairs is much more difficult.

Installation of metal stairs is more labor-intensive.

It would seem that with the same cost and beauty, the choice should be made of wooden products, but still the main advantage of metal stairs or stairs on a metal frame is reliability and durability, and these indicators are the most important.

Reliability can be judged by an example: stairs made on a stringer from a 100x50 profile pipe, over a span of 2.5 meters, can withstand a load of up to 800 kg without consequences, while wooden analogues are better not to be subjected to such loads. Of course, it is unlikely that eight hundred-kilogram guests will be present on the stairs at the same time, but it is still better to have a good margin of safety, including for lifting heavy objects to the second floor. Made exactly according to the project, by qualified workers, metal stairs or stairs on a metal frame will be absolutely reliable and durable.

The metal frame of the staircase can be finished with any materials - wood, glass, ceramics, plastic; stainless steel and glass railings are very popular. There are many options, and almost all components, from steps to various plugs, are quite affordable. Metal stairs trimmed with wood look soft and warm, stairs using stainless steel look bright and modern, the solidity of the premises is emphasized by stairs where the metal frame is covered with marble or granite steps. In all options, design decisions must be based on correct calculation, design and high-quality manufacturing.

We constantly focus on correct execution works Correct calculation, must ensure strength under possible loads, proper design must accurately fit the staircase into the openings and fulfill the conditions for convenient movement, and finally, only with proper and qualified manufacturing can the end result be a staircase with ideal geometric dimensions.

The metal frame of a staircase is a rather complex product to manufacture. During production, a jig-conductor is required; welding is carried out only with inverter semi-automatic machines; the qualification of the welder must be quite high. Judge for yourself - when welding, as you know, the metal “leads”, i.e. some geometric dimensions and directions change. For a staircase built into a certain place, this is unacceptable, so the work technology must be strictly followed, and the equipment must be professional.

When purchasing a ladder with a metal frame, you can be sure that this product will delight you with its beauty and provide the required reliability for a long time. It is better to find out what changes can happen to wooden stairs over time from independent expert experts.

You can build a second floor, and, most importantly, choose a convenient and comfortable staircase to the top. But, stationary ladder It doesn’t cost that little, especially if it’s large. But manufacturers tried to please all categories of citizens - this is how inexpensive stairs to the second floor of the dacha appeared.

As a rule, the price decrease occurs due to the reduction in the size of the staircase itself.

Oddly enough, it is small structures that are gaining popularity because:

They look quite decent;
Fits into almost any interior;
The price is significantly lower, but the variety of species remains.

Indeed, monumental structures will not be appropriate everywhere, which is especially true for small houses with a built-on second floor.

Stairs have a number of requirements, including that the width of the passage be equal to the width of the staircase. The second floor is also unlikely to be large, and a huge passage will simply ruin everything.

Not everyone can afford expensive options, especially if the house has just been completed and renovations have been completed. An acceptable price helped small-sized stairs to occupy their niche in the product market. Indeed, the variety of materials and design options for the entrance to the second floor allows you to find exactly what you want, even for the most demanding taste and complex interior style.

It is quite possible to make a wooden staircase with your own hands if you approach this process correctly. We'll tell you how to do this in the article: .

Materials for inexpensive stairs

Often, the price is influenced by the material from which the stairs are made. Moreover, almost always the choice of expensive materials instead of ordinary ones is determined solely by prestige and the desire to show off. And in terms of performance characteristics, inexpensive materials are often even better and more reliable.

Most often, inexpensive stairs are made from materials such as:

Concrete;
Metal;
Tree.

Concrete stairs are rightfully considered one of the most reliable. You can meet her at any entrance multi-storey building. Made from the same material street stairs. But this does not mean at all that such a design cannot be used in the country. It may not look too beautiful or expensive, but reliability is guaranteed.

Stairs consisting entirely of metal are rare, this is understandable - in order for the staircase to be strong, the metal should not be soft, and such a structure weighs a lot. Most often, metal is combined with other materials, for example, tempered glass. Forged metal railings look especially impressive.

Depending on the size and material, the cost of a spiral staircase can start from 10 thousand rubles, which is really quite inexpensive. Even if the staircase is made to order, you can still save money. The main increase in price comes, oddly enough, for additional work - measurements, drawing up diagrams and drawings, and the owners often prepare an estimate. If you do everything yourself, it will save at least 15 percent.

You can save the same amount by not finishing. You can do it yourself. And self-installation will leave the owner with approximately 20% of the total amount.

Most economical option spiral staircase - with emphasis on a supporting pillar. It is made of a metal pipe, which has a diameter of 5 cm. Wedge-shaped steps are attached to it like a fan. There are other options - with support on the wall, on stringers, well type. However, it is this design on the pipe that is the most reliable. It also allows you to install railings, which provides additional safety. This is true for older people and families with children.

You also need to take into account the fact that a spiral staircase saves space quite significantly. If for big house This is not so relevant, but for small rooms this configuration will be a real salvation. In addition, you can finish both the steps themselves and the support pipe different ways. For example, they are painted with special paints and varnished.

Cheap stairs for a summer house to the second floor

It is clear that those people who are trying to save on installation and finishing are unlikely to order a staircase for several hundred thousand rubles made of precious wood, and many people begin to doubt the quality and reliability of inexpensive structures.

It is worth considering that:

The finished staircase may vary in size;
Ordering specially is expensive;
Inexpensive models may be made from low-quality material.

All these doubts are quite easy to dispel. Yes, ready-made kits for installing stairs have strict proportions, but you can’t make a mistake if you take all the measurements well. A custom-made staircase may also not be too hard on your wallet if you take on some of the work yourself. And the savings on materials are not due to low quality, but to the similarity of all models - they are the same down to the last screw, and vary only in size, and very slightly.

Sanding will ensure a pleasant appearance for an inexpensive staircase. It will also get rid of burrs and other troubles. In addition, it will increase durability and strength.

Further finishing is done solely to the taste of the owners. Wooden structures are usually coated only with varnish. But metal ones can be painted, not only the railings, but also the steps.

Convenient inexpensive stairs to the second floor for a summer residence (video)

Choose an inexpensive staircase model for country house not too difficult. And even here everything can be done much cheaper if the owners do part of the work. Inexpensive does not mean bad, so there is no need to be afraid of such designs. They will also last a long time and look beautiful.

Good luck with your experiments!

Details: inexpensive stairs to the second floor (photo examples)

In this article we want to tell you the advantages and disadvantages of stairs. Let's take a closer look at this issue together - Which staircase is better: concrete, metal or wood?. Advantages concrete stairs comes first when building a new house, since when designing a facility, the architect already knows in advance where and how the staircase will be installed. Usually, preference is given to flights of stairs manufactured in a factory, where all technologies and processes have already been followed.

The advantages of concrete stairs include:

Pre-fabricated;

Finishing with any materials;

Simplicity of design.

But the situation does not always allow us to install a factory-made flight of stairs. At sites where the overall dimensions of the opening do not allow a standard factory-made staircase to fit in, people fill and reinforce the staircase on their own according to their dimensions and requirements.

In such situations, the disadvantages of concrete stairs appear: it is difficult to pour the correct step steps and correct angle turn.

We safely put stairs on a metal frame in second place. Metal stairs have more advantages than concrete ones, since the stairs can be given any shape. The employees of ODO "Sand City" have experience in manufacturing metal staircases of a wide variety of configurations - single-flight, double-flight with transition platforms, stairs with a run, cantilever, screw and on bowstrings.

In our practice, most often customers order only metal frames for stairs, so that at the line stage they can easily lift building materials to the upper floors. As temporary steps, you can use any available materials that can fully and functionally serve as a support for a person - boards, plywood, etc.

Categorically We do not recommend applying expensive paint and varnish to this metal staircase frame, since during the use of the staircase by builders, it will become unusable in appearance. It is best to install the metal staircase frame in a primed form, and carry out full painting after all construction and installation work on the upper floors. And believe me, no one will take care of your stairs the way you will take care of it.

After completion of construction and installation work, wooden steps and risers are laid on the metal staircase frames manufactured by the employees of the Sand City ODO.

Either concrete mortar is poured into the steps and tiles are laid. If desired, the metal frame of the staircase on the side (back) can be completely covered with wood or using plasterboard boards. In the currently popular loft style, this is not necessary.

We recommend installing stair railings and railings for internal stairs after all finishing construction work has been completed.

In third place we place wooden stairs. Let's not argue that wood is an environmentally friendly material. But it's very expensive. In addition, a couple of months after installation, the wooden stairs begin to creak. When temperature changes, it can behave in an unpredictable way, which means that the room must be maintained at a constant temperature and humidity. In addition, a wooden staircase requires expensive maintenance.

Ultimately, it is up to you to decide what kind of staircase you want to see in your home. If you decide to opt for a metal staircase, then you can order a metal staircase to the second floor in Minsk from the Sand City ODO. Call and get advice from professionals.

The basis of any staircase design is its functionality and aesthetics. The practical component is paramount. But appearance also plays a significant role.

The material from which the structure is made affects both its technical parameters and design. Let's consider the questions of which staircase is better: metal or wood, what is affected by the use of each of these materials, and where is it better to use such a design.

According to their purpose, all stairs can be divided into:

Input;
Interfloor;
Passage;
Workers.

By location they can be external or internal, by functionality:

Stationary;
Portable;
Transformable.

Staircases differ according to the material they are made of:

Concrete;
Made from natural stone;
Brick;
Wooden;
Metal;
Glass;
Combined.

Screw;
Marching;
Combined.

Marching stairs are the most common in use.

They are easy to manufacture and can be:

Single march;
Double march;
Multi-march.

Screw ones are more suitable when it is necessary to save space in the room.

Combined options are often chosen for individual projects.

Staircase designs

Structurally, the staircase consists of:

Carrying system;
steps;
Fencing.

The supporting element can be:

Stringers;
Bowstrings;
Boltsy;
Racks.

Stringers are solid support beams, the steps are attached to them from above. Wooden flight stairs are most often made on stringers.

The bowstrings have special grooves on the inside where the steps are inserted.

The bolts can serve as fastening steps to the wall, and also fasten them together.

Central support posts usually have spiral staircases.

Metal supports are most suitable for spiral and curved staircases.

Stair railings consist of:

Railings or handrails;
Support and intermediate posts or balusters;
Decorative elements.

Each element of the staircase has its own requirements. In addition, the entire staircase design must also meet a number of conditions.

Basic requirements for staircase material

Basic requirements that the staircase material must meet:

Strength;
Moisture resistance;
Durability;
Chemical resistance;
Weather resistance;
Fire safety;
Easy installation;
Environmental cleanliness;
Ease of use;
Easy to care for;
Aesthetic appeal.

Additionally, the steps must be highly resistant to abrasion and have a non-slip surface.

In addition, the cost of staircase construction is of great importance.

Strength of the staircase structure

In terms of strength characteristics, wood is significantly inferior to metal. However, valuable wood species have sufficient strength necessary for the normal operation of the staircase structure.

The hardest rocks are:

Maple.

Of the other options, it is better to choose larch, which is stronger than pine and other soft woods.

In terms of the strength of the connection of individual elements, wooden structures are also inferior to metal ones. Over time, the wood dries out and the joints become loose.

Metal stairs do not have this problem. The design of a metal staircase has:

Reliability;
Resilience;
Rigidity.

The exception is aluminum. It is a fairly soft material and can be easily deformed.

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Exposure to moisture is equally destructive for both untreated wood and ordinary steel. All wooden elements must be protected from water using special means:

Moisture-resistant impregnations;
Paint;
Lakov.

Modern production technologies make it possible to produce wood-based materials that are reliably protected from the harmful effects of water. For example, wood-polymer composite.

The following are resistant to corrosion:

Stainless steel;
Aluminum;
Chromed steel.

If the staircase structure is not assembled using welded joints, then the systems made from these types of metal can be used outdoors for a very long time.

But if welding is used, then the joints of the elements require special attention. They must be thoroughly cleaned and coated with protective compounds.

Durability

Wooden stairs can last quite a long time. Good examples are the magnificent staircase complexes in many historical buildings.

But this requires the use of valuable wood, which is perfectly prepared, well dried, and treated with special compounds from:

Rotting;
Mold;
Gribkov;
Insects;
Rodents.

In addition, appropriate temperature and humidity conditions are required. In the future, the finished structure must be constantly maintained in an aesthetically attractive form.

Exterior wooden stairs that have not been treated on time and properly will quickly lose their normal appearance.

Sometimes it is no longer possible to restore it. Of the metals, stainless steel has the longest service life.

Regular profiled steel will last longer than wood.

But it also requires special treatment and subsequent care.

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

If we compare the resistance of wood and metal to aggressive and atmospheric influences, then metal structures have higher technical performance.

Wood is very susceptible to most acids, alkalis and other unfavorable factors.

Fire safety of staircase system

If we consider the issue of fire safety of wood and metal, then it is clearly not decided in favor of wooden structures.

Metal structures resist high temperatures much longer. Of course, they also lose their technical characteristics as a result of prolonged exposure to open fire. But during a fire, the metal does not emit combustion products, and no smoke occurs from it.

In order to reliably protect the metal structures of stairs, they are coated with special fire retardant compounds and paints.

Easy processing of material and installation of the structure

Wood is much easier to process than metal. For this reason, you can independently create a larger number of shapes, sizes, and decorative elements from it.

With metal everything is more complicated. In factory conditions it is very plastic and can be done:

Profile products;
Casting;
Forging.

The production of individual designs to order immediately leads to an increase in the price of the product. Few people can make a forged staircase on their own, or use a welding machine.

Environmentally friendly material

The naturalness of wood and its valuable properties for creating a favorable indoor microclimate are well-known facts. No other material can compete with this.

Often the choice in favor of a wooden staircase in the house is made precisely for this reason. Wood creates unique comfort and warmth in any room.

From an environmental point of view, there are no questions about untreated wood materials. However, when various chemicals are used to protect wood, they must be chosen very carefully.

Environmentally friendly material - wood

Important! It is strictly forbidden to use materials intended only for external use to process wood inside the house. They, as a rule, very reliably protect the wooden surface from various adverse influences, but emit substances hazardous to human health.

You should select impregnations, paints and varnishes with natural ingredients. Products with certificates - well-known brands - deserve more trust.

Metal itself is an absolutely clean environmental material. A problem with metal stairs can be caused by treating them with unsafe compounds.

Therefore, their choice should also be approached with caution.

Ease of use of the ladder

The only serious drawback is the presence of creaking steps. It often occurs during operation, due to drying out of the wood or improper assembly of the structure.

The disadvantages of metal stairs during their operation include:

Slippery steps;
Low noise insulation;
Heating of the structure in the sun and strong cooling at low temperatures.

Slippery metal steps can pose a serious hazard and require greater caution when walking on them. If there are children in the house, then using a metal ladder becomes even more dangerous.

The noise that is created during the operation of a metal staircase can be reduced by using special coverings for the steps.

The metal tends to react strongly to temperature, which makes it unsafe to use. If the handrails are heated in the sun for a long time, they can cause burns. When the ambient temperature drops below zero, unprotected hand skin can also suffer from direct contact with metal.

One option to avoid this is to finish the railings with wood.

The aesthetic appeal of the staircase as a decorative element

The design of stairs made of wood and metal is a purely individual matter. Some people prefer the naturalness and natural beauty of wooden structures.

Others will opt for metal products.

Purely metal staircase designs cannot boast such a wide variety of design options as wooden models.

Cost of staircase construction

The most budget option made of wood is a pine staircase.

For a metal staircase, the simplest design is made from ordinary steel profiles.

Yes, when using exotic wood species with artistic finishing of elements, the price for an exclusive option can reach huge sums.

Which staircase is cheaper: wooden or metal - depends on the type of material and the complexity of the design. But this is a purely individual choice.

Combined staircase designs

In order to use all the advantages of materials and reduce or even eliminate their disadvantages, you can use a combined version of stairs.

The combination of metal and wood in structures is very common; they complement each other perfectly.

Stairs made of metal and wood can be used both inside and outside the building.

Stairs on a metal frame

Metal-wood stairs are mainly used, which consist of:

Metal supporting frame;
Wooden steps;
Combined fencing.

Their main advantages are:

Durability;
High strength;
Rigidity;
Sustainability;
Easy to assemble.

The cost of a combined structure is, most often, much cheaper than a completely wooden version of the staircase.

Modern metal production technologies make it possible to create lightweight structures. They can be sheathed not only with natural wood, but also with various materials based on it.

In order to reduce the cost of stairs, you can combine expensive types of wood - for elements with high operational load, and cheap species - for products that are less subject to wear.

For example, the following are made from solid wood:

Steps;
Supports;
Handrails.

From pine or birch you can build:

End parts of steps;
Frame sheathing;
Skirting boards;
Other vertical parts.

Wooden steps, which are attached to a metal frame, eliminate creaking and can be easily replaced if necessary.

In addition, wooden steps have the greatest safety when moving along the stairs. There is less chance of slipping - injuries from a fall will not be significant.

It’s quite easy to give a staircase on a metal frame a completely new look if you completely change all the wooden elements.

Combined staircase - photo

The metal frame can be completely covered with wood.

The strength of the structure will be high, and aesthetically it will look like wood.

Stairs with a combined frame

You can combine different options for supports and fences. For example, wooden steps rest on one side on a wooden stringer, and the other side is attached to metal bolts. Metal fencing gives the structure additional strength.

There are a lot of options for combining staircase structures made of wood and metal.

Combined stair railing

Another option is to combine stair railings.

Cold metal railings and handrails are sheathed in wood or made entirely of wood. Support posts can be made from both materials.

Filling the internal space between them is possible from decorative metal elements.

For outdoor use, it is better to choose the option of a metal staircase - it is less susceptible to external atmospheric influences;
Indoors, a combined option is perfect - the combination of strength and stability with an aesthetic component will give the user much more convenience than mono-material stairs;
For the installation of transformable attic stairs, it is better to choose lightweight metal structures;
Any working stairs should be made of aluminum;
Completely wooden structures will definitely fit perfectly into the design of a wooden house.

The question of “which staircase to choose” when building a residential building, be it a small dacha or a solid cottage, arises for every developer. The choice of stairs is carried out by considering the following parameters - beauty of the product, cost, originality, reliability, durability. Developers determine the importance of parameters in almost the same order. We, as professionals, still recommend putting the reliability of the design first, and then everything else.

If we compare the construction of wooden or metal stairs, then:

The complexity of designing wooden or metal stairs with modern software tools is almost the same.

Manufacturing individual metal stairs is much more difficult.

Installation of metal stairs is more labor-intensive.

We constantly focus on getting the job done right. Correct calculation must ensure strength under possible loads, correct design must accurately fit the staircase into the openings and fulfill the conditions for convenient movement, and finally, only with correct and qualified manufacturing can the end result be a staircase with ideal geometric dimensions.

You can build a second floor, and, most importantly, choose a convenient and comfortable staircase to the top. But a stationary staircase does not cost that little, especially if it is large. But manufacturers tried to please all categories of citizens - this is how inexpensive stairs to the second floor of the dacha appeared.

As a rule, the price decrease occurs due to the reduction in the size of the staircase itself.

Oddly enough, it is small structures that are gaining popularity because:

They look quite decent;
Fits into almost any interior;
The price is significantly lower, but the variety of species remains.

Indeed, monumental structures will not be appropriate everywhere, which is especially true for small houses with a built-on second floor.

Stairs have a number of requirements, including that the width of the passage be equal to the width of the staircase. The second floor is also unlikely to be large, and a huge passage will simply ruin everything.

It is quite possible to make a wooden staircase with your own hands if you approach this process correctly. We'll tell you how to do this in the article: .

Materials for inexpensive stairs

Most often, inexpensive stairs are made from materials such as:

Concrete;
Metal;
Tree.

Concrete stairs are rightfully considered one of the most reliable. It can be found in any entrance of a multi-storey building. Street stairs are made from the same material. But this does not mean at all that such a design cannot be used in the country. It may not look too beautiful or expensive, but reliability is guaranteed.

You can save the same amount by not finishing. You can do it yourself. And self-installation will leave the owner with approximately 20% of the total amount.

The most economical option for a spiral staircase is with an emphasis on a supporting pillar. It is made of a metal pipe, which has a diameter of 5 cm. Wedge-shaped steps are attached to it like a fan. There are other options - with support on the wall, on stringers, well type. However, it is this design on the pipe that is the most reliable. It also allows you to install railings, which provides additional safety. This is true for older people and families with children.

You also need to take into account the fact that a spiral staircase saves space quite significantly. If this is not so important for a large house, then for small rooms this configuration will be a real salvation. In addition, both the steps themselves and the support pipe can be finished in various ways. For example, they are painted with special paints and varnished.

Cheap stairs for a summer house to the second floor

It is worth considering that:

The finished staircase may vary in size;
Ordering specially is expensive;
Inexpensive models may be made from low-quality material.

Sanding will ensure a pleasant appearance for an inexpensive staircase. It will also get rid of burrs and other troubles. In addition, it will increase durability and strength.

Further finishing is done solely to the taste of the owners. Wooden structures are usually coated only with varnish. But metal ones can be painted, not only the railings, but also the steps.

Convenient inexpensive stairs to the second floor for a summer residence (video)

Choosing an inexpensive staircase model for a country house is not too difficult. And even here everything can be done much cheaper if the owners do part of the work. Inexpensive does not mean bad, so there is no need to be afraid of such designs. They will also last a long time and look beautiful.

Good luck with your experiments!

Details: inexpensive stairs to the second floor (photo examples)

Owners country houses They know that on the site you can’t do without a ladder. The design is needed not only from a functional point of view, but also from an aesthetic point of view. For example, creating a beautiful veranda or gazebo. Wooden staircase structures look best, but many consider the choice of such a product to be wrong, because the material cannot boast of durability. Modern wood processing technologies allow you not to be afraid to use it for exterior decoration.

DPK - reliable protection of street stairs

Wood is a beautiful and durable building material, but it has some disadvantages. Susceptible:

Modern wood processing technologies make it possible to forget about such troubles once and for all. Impregnation with wood-polymer composite has proven itself to be excellent. The product is made from sawdust and polymer composite. In addition to protecting against the rapid natural destruction of wood, impregnation prevents the negative impact of direct sun rays, sudden temperature changes.

A metal staircase with wood cladding is the right choice

In recent years, homeowners' interest in metal frame structures, in particular, stairs. This is due not only to fashion trends, but also to the advantages of metal in operation. A bunch of design solutions, high wear resistance and affordable price are the main reasons why many order stairs with metal railings.

The product may take into account architectural features buildings and fit well into the overall exterior. A metal staircase can play not only a functional role, but also become a full-fledged decorative element. Artistic forging, used in manufacturing, will turn a standard product into an original creation.

Compared to concrete stairs, a metal product has significant advantages:

compactness;

attractive appearance;

ease;

ease of installation;

limitless design possibilities.

Stairs made of metal with WPC are characterized by high wear resistance. Thanks to special processing, the products are not subject to corrosion or cracks. Over time, a concrete staircase begins to crumble and crack under the influence of moisture, sun and load, while metal products do not have this property. The cost of a staircase with forged handrails is no more than that of a stone one, and its service life is much longer.

The metal staircase structure will become a real highlight of your site. The product will serve you faithfully for decades. Metal does not require special care; wooden components are treated with protective solutions during the production process, so the buyer can only use such a staircase without worrying about maintenance.

In addition to its main purpose, the staircase in the house is one of the main elements in the interior, creating a certain atmosphere in the home. Therefore, the choice of its design and suitable materials is an important point. The existing variety of types of stairs allows you to implement any designer fantasies. And at the same time, a large choice often confuses a person. Knowledge of the features of staircase structures and materials, their properties during operation will help to better understand.

The most common staircase models:

straight march;
two or more marches with platforms;
screw.

We will consider the features of each type later. Materials for the manufacture of stairs are mainly used such as wood, metal, reinforced concrete, modern durable glass, plastic, stone, etc. They are often combined. There is a huge selection of finishing materials with which you can create a unique design.

Not only beautiful, but also comfortable staircase guarantee of your comfort and safety. The strongest and most durable structures are metal and concrete. Each of these materials has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Metal stairs

The advantages of such structures include high performance characteristics:

strength, resistance to heavy loads, durability;
comparatively lower cost;
convenience and speed of installation.

Metal stairs combine well with other materials. Thanks to the combination with finishing elements made of wood, glass, stone, you can create a beautiful design. An iron staircase needs to be combined with other materials, this is required due to a number of negative consequences in operation:

metal steps are slippery, so it is better to make them from wood or plastic;
metal has the ability to make noise, so every step on the stairs will be heard, and even a pet running up the steps at night will wake you up.

Concrete stairs

The only drawbacks concrete products– high cost and long production time. Otherwise, this option is the best in all respects. Regardless of whether it is installed indoors or outside the building, the concrete staircase is highly durable and has a long service life. Reinforced concrete withstands heavy loads, is resistant to the destructive effects of moisture, and is perfectly compatible with most finishing materials. Manufacturing technology allows you to create designs of the most unusual shapes.

Methods of manufacturing structures:

monolithic - created on site by pouring and are a single whole;
prefabricated - combined with pre-prepared ones on site support platforms and march.

The BLK production company produces all types of concrete stairs. Many years of experience, use modern technologies, creating real architectural masterpieces attracts many clients to contact PC BKL http://www.pk-blk.ru/betonnye-lestnicy/. Package of services: from project development to installation and delivery of a completely finished facility.

Main types of concrete stairs

Straight - the simplest and cheapest design. For more functional use space under it you can place niches and cabinets for storing things. Their width must be at least 1 meter. The steps are the most comfortable - slightly wider than the length of the foot.
Marching ones are more convenient, they allow you to create a not too steep descent, but their installation is possible with a fairly spacious room area.
Screw ones are the best option for a small room. Save space. Their width must be at least 2 meters.

Video. Making concrete stairs

Many argue that finishing concrete and metal stairs with wood is better than making wooden ones, as it is cheaper, does not creak and is more reliable. “There are so many people, so many opinions,” so you shouldn’t argue with supporters of concrete or metal structures, you need to deal with these issues yourself.

The high cost of making wooden stairs: fact or myth?

When choosing concrete or metal structures, do not forget about the need for their subsequent finishing. There are several ways to do this:

Install only wooden steps - in this case you will have to think about the appearance of the risers and select the material for covering. The base itself will cost less, but taking into account financial costs for finishing materials and work, the final cost will be approximately the same compared to the manufacture of a wooden structure with similar parameters.
Cover it completely with wood (from below and on all sides) - regardless of the base material, the price of such a staircase will be much higher than just a wooden one.

It is also important to take into account the labor intensity of the work - when finishing a metal or concrete base with wood yourself, the workpieces will have to be adjusted to the location existing sizes designs.

The problem of squeaks

The metal stairs also creak. This may be due to the following reasons:

poor quality assembly and welding of structures;
Insufficiently rigid fastening to the walls or floor.

As a result, friction between metal parts (under the influence of loads when walking on steps) leads to creaking. Such defects are quite common, and their elimination is labor-intensive process. Repair will be even more difficult if the fastening points of metal parts are hidden under wooden trim.

Concrete stairs do not creak, but the situation is different with their finishing. It is not always possible to make the steps perfectly even in height, so for leveling and also to protect wooden steps from concrete, you have to use plywood or OSB pads. But the more structural elements in a unit, the higher the risk of squeaks. Also, the quality of finishing of concrete bases and the absence of backlash largely depends on the level of skill of the performer.

Reliability issue

The reliability and durability of wooden stairs depends on the type of wood used for their manufacture. Structures made of oak, beech and ash, which are highly hard, will last at least 50 years. And when proper care and subject to operating conditions, their service life will be much longer.

Another feature is that the manufacture of wooden stairs is carried out in the workshop according to pre-developed drawings. This allows you to take into account all the nuances at the project development stage and guarantees an exact correspondence of the sizes of all identical structural elements in relation to each other.

There is no need to worry about wooden stairs squeaking. Structures manufactured under production conditions using fastening and gluing technology are completely free of this drawback. Backlash may appear after decades of use. But this is not a problem either, since experienced specialists know many ways that can, if not completely get rid of squeaks, then significantly minimize them.

Wood is a warm, durable and natural material, therefore, in appearance and performance qualities wooden stairs have no analogues.

In addition to its main purpose, the staircase in the house is one of the main elements in the interior, creating a certain atmosphere in the home. Therefore, the choice of its design and suitable materials is an important point. The existing variety of types of stairs allows you to realize any design fantasies. And at the same time, a large choice often confuses a person. Knowledge of the features of staircase structures and materials, their properties during operation will help to better understand.

The most common staircase models:

straight march;
two or more marches with platforms;
screw.

Not only a beautiful, but also a comfortable staircase guarantees your comfort and safety. The strongest and most durable structures are metal and concrete. Each of these materials has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Metal stairs

The advantages of such structures include high performance characteristics:

strength, resistance to heavy loads, durability;
comparatively lower cost;
convenience and speed of installation.

Metal stairs combine well with other materials. Thanks to the combination with finishing elements made of wood, glass, stone, you can create a beautiful design. An iron staircase needs to be combined with other materials; this is required due to a number of negative consequences in operation:

metal steps are slippery, so it is better to make them from wood or plastic;
metal has the ability to make noise, so every step on the stairs will be heard, and even a pet running up the steps at night will wake you up.

Concrete stairs

The only disadvantages of concrete products are their high cost and long production time. Otherwise, this option is the best in all respects. Regardless of whether it is installed indoors or outside the building, the concrete staircase is highly durable and has a long service life. Reinforced concrete can withstand heavy loads, is resistant to the destructive effects of moisture, and is perfectly compatible with most finishing materials. Manufacturing technology allows you to create designs of the most unusual shapes.

Methods of manufacturing structures:

monolithic - created on site by pouring and are a single whole;
prefabricated - connected to support platforms and a march prepared in advance on site.

The BLK production company produces all types of concrete stairs. Many years of experience, the use of modern technologies, the creation of real architectural masterpieces attracts many clients to contact PC BKL http://www.pk-blk.ru/betonnye-lestnicy/. Package of services: from project development to installation and delivery of a completely finished facility.

Main types of concrete stairs

Straight - the simplest and cheapest design. For a more functional use of space, niches and cabinets for storing things can be placed under it. Their width must be at least 1 meter. The steps are the most comfortable - slightly wider than the length of the foot.
Marching ones are more convenient, they allow you to create a not too steep descent, but their installation is possible with a fairly spacious room area.
Screw ones are the best option for a small room. Save space. Their width must be at least 2 meters.

Video. Making concrete stairs

The combination of metal and wood in one product is not a novelty or some kind of discovery. These two materials complement each other perfectly, and people have long learned to combine the strength of one and the operational attractiveness of the other. The designers seemed to automatically use the experience they had accumulated over many decades until they realized that this alliance was not at all accidental. This is how the idea of a purposeful combination of metal and wood appeared and began to develop successfully, consisting in the ability of these materials to emphasize each other’s features. This trend has contributed to the popularization of metal staircases, to which wooden elements add logical completion.

What is the secret of the popularity of metal stairs in modern interiors?

The interfloor staircase, which is the connecting link in the house, in addition to its main structural function, also plays the role of an expressive accent in the stylistic direction of the spatial design. In the modern interior of a country house, the staircase structure is the central object, invariably attracting the attention of guests and evoking a sense of pride among the owners of the house.
The key role is always easily assigned to a metal staircase due to its variability and the ability to produce a model that best fits into the interior conceived by the author of the interior design project.

The load-bearing elements of metal stairs can be made of bronze, cast iron, aluminum, carbon or high-alloy stainless steel. Structural steel is the most advantageous material when making metal stairs, since such a structure can remain functional almost forever and retain all its original performance characteristics.
Stairs with a metal frame are easy to assemble, have high strength, rigidity and stability. They are not expensive compared to models made from other materials, for example, those consisting entirely of wooden elements.

The high manufacturability of the metal contributes to the creation of reliable lightweight standard designs and exclusive top models, distinguished by the originality of their elements and the complexity of their shape. Latest methods allow you to create not only intricate designs, but also give them respectability and the ability to decorate the interior. Metal stairs can be decorated with almost any finishing materials: ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, metal, tempered glass, MDF and gypsum board sheets, laminated wood panels, natural stone and natural wood.

The great advantage of frame metal stairs is that they are easy to restore and modernize. When held in the house overhaul, if desired, such a design can be completely transformed by changing the finish.

Types of stairs on metal frames

All metal staircases are classified according to whether the structure is of the marching or screw type. Marching, depending on the type of load-bearing elements, can be performed on stringers, cables, bolts or steel bowstrings.

Models on steel stringers ( load-bearing beams) are very versatile and can be installed in any type of premises. If there is sufficient space and no planning restrictions, it is recommended to install a flight of stairs on stringers. This model is suitable for classic interiors and will satisfy the tastes of fans of respectability and adherents of traditional design positions. The presence of fundamental, clearly visible supports creates a feeling of solidity and reliability. Visual effect reflects the actual state of affairs. The metal frame, depending on the type of finish, can be hidden, and the model will be perceived as completely wooden, concrete, etc.

Modular stairs basically have one central steel stringer, consisting of modules that are attached to each other. Models of this type are easy to install and come in a wide variety of shapes. Spiral and circular staircases can be located in various places in the room; they are chosen when decorating an interior in the Art Nouveau and techno styles.

The structure on rails can be mounted near a wall and look airy, creating a weightless effect due to the absence of risers. The steps of this model are attached to the wall, and on the other side they are pulled together using special steel rods, which are called bolts.

Staircases on steel stringers differ from the design on stringers in that the steps on stringers are installed on top and the steps can hang over the beams; the steps of ladders on stringers are always placed between the beams and fixed to them. The model looks like a straight inclined profile, since the ends of the steps turn out to be hidden bowstrings.

The type of supporting structure determines whether the product belongs to one type or another; in addition, metal stairs are usually distinguished by other indicators:

layout;
functionality;
material of the steps.

The current regulations establish restrictions on the number of degrees for one march; their number should not exceed 18; by angle of inclination; height and width of steps. The width of the staircase is selected based on the availability of space, convenience and safety of its operation and can vary from 60 centimeters to several meters.

For the safety of movement on stairs, it is planned to install guards - handrails with vertical posts. Fences are decorated with glass screens, balusters, forging, inclined and horizontal strings, etc. Railing (fence) posts can be attached to the end of the stringer, step or on top of the step.

Wood in the decoration of stairs on a metal frame: advantages of choice

A wooden staircase on a metal frame unites best qualities two materials: it is reliable and can withstand significant operating loads. The metal base provides the structure with increased strength and wear resistance, while the wooden elements give it elegance and increase comfort of use. Compared to stairs made entirely of wood, such structures are more durable and have an unlimited service life.

All-metal, concrete, reinforced concrete models lose wooden stairs on a metal frame according to weight indicators. They are very heavy and their installation is fraught with certain difficulties.

Wood, compared to other materials, is a very relevant option. It is the wood chosen for finishing the stairs that determines what the finished product will be like. When using elite varieties of wood, a respectable structure that claims to be particularly graceful will appear in the house. If you choose ordinary, inexpensive varieties, you can create a cozy, pleasant-looking staircase.

Compared to many other materials, natural wood also wins in terms of ensuring the safety of people: when moving on wooden steps there is less chance of slipping. But even if you slip, you can get away with less tangible injuries. It is especially important to provide for safety in families with children. After all, they are very active and often, carried away by the game, act unconsciously.

The unconditional visual appeal of natural wood and its impeccable performance characteristics give this natural material the ability to bring harmony, comfort, soft warmth and special freshness to the surrounding space.

What types of wood are suitable for finishing stairs?

For finishing stairs, it is recommended to choose cast wood belonging to the first class. Solid woods that are resistant to mechanical stress, especially abrasion, are oak, bamboo, ash, and maple. Despite the high price, exotic wood species are very popular: merbau, teak. Also popular in finishing stairs are walnut, beech, mahogany, ash, cherry and pear wood.
You can significantly reduce costs by combining expensive varieties with less expensive ones (pine, spruce), which can be used to finish less used elements of the staircase: risers, baseboards, moldings and other vertical parts.

Products made from solid oak are highly durable and their service life is unlimited. When choosing oak, you can be sure of its reliability; the wood is attractive for its color scheme, starting with light yellow tones and ending with rich red-brown shades. Over time, the material darkens, acquiring age-related nobility and special sophistication.

The main components of the popularity of bamboo are its high strength, ease of processing and beauty. It is not afraid of moisture and is resistant to mechanical stress, copes well with increased operating loads: bamboo does not fade or change color over time at all, and does not scratch. Bamboo trim is known for its rich decor, so a staircase trimmed with bamboo will certainly attract attention and catch the eye.

Ash attracts with its contrasting wood pattern; it is considered even stronger than oak and can last 50 years or more. A staircase trimmed with ash in a room with a floor made of boards of the same material looks great. The furnishings acquire extraordinary color, sophistication and indicate the good taste of the owner of the house. Ash wood has a noble grayish tint, on which the pattern of coarse fibers clearly appears.

Maple is valued not only for its aesthetic appeal and durability; all over the world, manufacturers of maple products note the impeccability of its texture. For the production of stairs, maple is an ideal raw material, since the wood has virtually no waste due to its exceptional natural qualities. Its light-colored wood can be slightly tinted with a brown or reddish tint. Over time, the steps may darken slightly, but do not lose their aesthetic appeal. Maple wood is malleable and hard at the same time, so it is used to make intricate parts, including carved ones.

Merbau comes from the tropical jungle South-East Asia, under this name two types of wood with similar characteristics are supplied. Merbau is extremely prized for its rarity and enchanting natural beauty. Some experts classify merbau as a type of mahogany. The material is very resistant to moisture and mechanical stress, and is not subject to rotting.

Teak or teak wood is a source of valuable wood that is touted as one of the best exported from Asia. Teak has long been very popular in Europe and other continents. It has the unique property of being an antiseptic not only for itself, but also for the materials it comes into contact with. It is noted that the metal next to which teak wood is located does not corrode. Along with its flexibility, teak wood is very durable and resistant to any kind of impact. Solid teak wood is extremely expensive, so veneer of this tree is mainly used. But veneered products are not cheap.

When choosing a staircase model for your home, you need to focus on the existing spatial conditions, the compatibility of the future structure with the chosen style design, your own financial capabilities, preferences, and also keep in mind the main points:

The recommended inclination angle of the structure is 30 - 400, 450 is acceptable, but not desirable. If the ascent/descent angle is more than 500, then using such a staircase will be extremely inconvenient, not only for older people, but also for young people. A steep design will pose a danger to all family members.
A staircase that directly connects floors without insulating the spatial volume can provoke a thermal imbalance. In such rooms it is always cold on the 1st floor and very hot on the upper floors. Single-volume type of arrangement internal spaces more suitable for homes located in warm climates. Due to the lack of insulation of the stairwell, the room is better ventilated. For the Russian climate, it is recommended to choose this type of arrangement when the staircase is located in a separate volume, isolated from living quarters.
When choosing a contractor, it is most advisable to entrust the work of manufacturing the product, finishing and installation to one contractor. It is advisable that the company has a choice of materials and also provides a guarantee for them. It is very doubtful to benefit from savings by dividing the work into several stages and entrusting it to different people, while also purchasing materials yourself from a little-known supplier. In this case, all responsibility for the final result will fall on the customer. If it is not possible to hire a contractor, then it is better to do all the work yourself.
When independently selecting wood for the purpose of manufacturing elements for stairs, you need to have knowledge of the behavioral characteristics of the selected material and strictly follow the technology of its processing. Only products made from properly dried and processed material can delight you with their predictability and impeccable behavior.
Any large elements made from solid wood are at risk of cracking and deformation, so when making them you need to be extremely careful and strictly follow the rules of working with natural wood.
Under no circumstances should critical construction and installation work be entrusted to random teams that do not have the appropriate permits.
If you have chosen a model with a complex configuration, then in the future it will be extremely problematic to move large furniture and other large interior items onto it.
Compliance with the recommended parameters of the structure (length of risers, width of steps) guarantees comfortable and safe movement along the stairs.
The distances between the elements enclosing the stairs must also be observed; too sparse arrangement of vertical and horizontal elements can lead to children and pets falling from the stairs.
A fully enclosed staircase (with risers) is the safest to use; even psychologically, a person moving along such a structure will feel much safer than on an easy, overly open staircase.
The staircase must be well lit, so at its location it is necessary to provide for electrical wiring and installation of lamps.
Remember that even wooden steps can be slippery, especially if they are wet. If there are large spans, it is best to cover the steps with carpet, securing it along all steps.

Finishing a metal staircase requires skill and a lot of patience. In the absence of proper plumbing skills, it is better to entrust the finishing to professionals. If you have a very strong desire to do the finishing yourself, then, first of all, you need to keep in mind:

The most accessible of all designs for self-assembly A staircase model made from ready-made prefabricated modules is suitable. The product is assembled from individual elements secured with fasteners. Such models are manufactured in a factory; as a rule, they are accompanied by detailed installation instructions and an assembly diagram.
It is better to buy materials for stairs from a reliable supplier; it is advisable to purchase all components in one place and have the opportunity, in the future, to consult with the seller about the intricacies of installation. Must be purchased immediately required quantity goods, even with a small supply, than to later buy additional parts that may differ in structure and shades. Keep in mind that no manufacturer can guarantee the exact color of different batches of goods. This is especially true for natural materials.
Every reputable manufacturer accompanies its products with recommendations for the installation and operation of products made from it, and must indicate information about itself. Before buying a product, it is better to inquire about this manufacturer on various resources and explore the possibility of contacting the company.
When choosing various impregnations, varnishes, paints for protecting and decorating surfaces, make sure that the compositions are intended specifically for interior works, since a lot of products are intended strictly for outdoor use. They are toxic and should not be used for interior work. It is best to choose alkyd-urethane compounds that are used to cover furniture and parquet.
When choosing very expensive species for finishing stairs, it is necessary to study in detail the characteristics of the material. You may need to constantly heat your home in order for natural wood to maintain its characteristics. If you plan to live in a country house only in the summer, it is advisable that the house has a heating system with automatic control to maintain the desired temperature. Air humidification in a house with expensive furniture and decoration is also a very important issue; living materials require maintaining a certain humidity in the house.
Wood species containing resins may, during use, suddenly begin to release resins onto the surface, even if it is covered with several layers of varnish. You need to be prepared for this and it is advisable to use materials from such wood only for finishing vertical surfaces, but not steps.

The good thing about wooden stairs on a metal frame is that they allow you to combine sophistication, beauty and safety of use. You just need to carefully approach all issues relating to the future structure, even at the stage of designing the house. Operational safety must be ensured throughout the entire period of use of the structure. Periodic inspections and timely repairs are the key to the integrity of the structure and your well-being.

Even a child knows what ladders are for. They enable a person and his pets to go up and down from one floor to another. There are quite a lot of staircase designs available, and figuring out which staircase is best in the house is not at all easy. Their choice is influenced by several factors that must be taken into account. An important point is that it is necessary to decide on the type and material for the stairs at the design stage in order to avoid possible mistakes.

What should stairs be like?

There are several basic requirements that must be met when designing and installing a staircase structure in a residential building:

maximum reliability;
safety of approach and movement;
convenient location of the railings;
correct ratio of the width and height of the steps;
safe slope;
sufficient lighting.

It must be remembered that the ladder is a traumatic structure, therefore the best option for the house there will be a flight of stairs with railings, the priority function of which will be safety rather than aesthetics. And ideally, a combination of both.

Which staircase to choose

Today the market provides almost unlimited possibilities for choosing staircase designs. The main thing is not to get confused and take into account all the important points. The emphasis should be on the shape of the staircase, which depends on:

location;
driving directions;
capital of the building;
placement area in plan;
the size of the staircase opening in the ceiling.

When thinking about the question of which staircase is better in a house, you should pay attention to the fact that among owners of multi-level apartments and private households the most popular are the following types stairs:

straight single-march. They allow you to move up and down without changing direction or stopping. They require quite a lot of space to install. But they will be convenient only if the number of steps in the flight does not exceed 18 pieces, and their height is 17 cm;
double march. If the staircase has more than 18 steps, then it is divided into two flights, between which a platform is installed. The design itself can be straight, L-shaped with a 90-degree rotation, or U-shaped with a 180-degree rotation. Just like a single-flight staircase, a double-flight staircase takes up quite a lot of space and is not suitable for small spaces;
rotary, or winder. Such structures save a certain amount of space due to the fact that they are installed, as a rule, along the walls, and under them there are places for rest, work or storage rooms. Distinctive feature winder stairs is the absence of intermediate platforms in the presence of turns of 90 or 180 degrees;
screw. They are the most compact. Such stairs will be the best option for small spaces. But do not forget that they are not safe for the elderly and children. They are also inconvenient to carry furniture on;
modular on stringers or on rails. Despite their elegant appearance, such stairs are quite durable and do not block the penetration of light. But, despite their effectiveness and unusualness, they, like screw ones, are unsafe for the elderly and children.

What features need to be taken into account

Each type of staircase structure has its own specific nuances and features. The inconvenience of spiral staircases dictates their installation as additional structures for climbing to another level, attic, or going down to the basement.

It is recommended to fasten ladders on rails on one side to load-bearing walls using special brackets, which gives additional strength. Marching stairs will be much more convenient if the platforms between them are placed every 10 degrees.

If there is too little space for a ladder or the opening in the ceiling cannot be made of sufficient size, then you can increase the angle of inclination of the ladder relative to the horizontal surface. In this case, the installation of steps called “duck step” is provided.

A staircase without risers will look lighter, but if there are children in the house or they are planned to appear in the future, then it would be better to make the steps blank.

In fact, there are quite a lot of options to make a convenient and safe staircase structure. It all depends on the specific room and the people living in the house. And if the owner is confused and doubts the chosen design, then it is better to consult with knowledgeable specialists.

It all depends on what quality product you expect to see (and observe for many years) in your home. If you are not bothered by errors in the form of under-polishing, gaps between parts, squeaks when walking, poor-quality painting, cheap glue

etc., but for a small price, then you will be completely satisfied with the economy option from stores that provide a range of construction services.

If you are demanding about the quality of materials, assembly, painting, you are a 100% customer furniture showrooms and professional manufacturers who control the manufacturing process from the stage of measurements, drawings and design to installation and delivery of the object to the customer.

So, let's look at a cheaper option. You go to a store where you can buy everything for repairs, construction, etc., buy parts for your future staircase and start fooling around with this “constructor” (or yourself, if you have necessary tools, or hired installers). And it seems that instead of a stepladder, there is already a full-fledged staircase in the house, but where do unexpected and unpleasant “surprises” come from (cracks, creaks, etc.)?

All this can be explained very simply. If you ordered a staircase from professionals, you would receive the following advantages:

At your facility, they will take all the necessary measurements, taking into account all the nuances: frame features, window placement, etc.;
you will be provided with drawings, the type of staircase, design, material, color and, of course, production time will be agreed upon with you;
the material will be polished to a shine (not only on a machine, but also by hand);
all parts of the staircase will retain their appearance, since they will be made from cut timber glued with high-quality glue;
also you will see your staircase in draft(during pre-assembly) and at this stage you can correct some nuances;
During the rough assembly, the craftsmen will trim the parts taking into account uneven walls, frame errors, etc.;
After this, the parts are sanded and painted again. Painting will be multi-stage using high-quality paint and varnish materials;
and now this product of great labor will be brought for installation... Rich and luxurious, it will delight you and evoke a feeling of delight among your guests.

Is all this available in an economy version?

Draw conclusions, make up your mind and order from professionals!

Safety: how to close the stairs from a child

When a child first gets on his feet and takes his first steps, he begins an exciting journey around the house. On his way he encounters new objects. They, of course, are very interesting for a little person, but, moreover, they can be extremely unsafe for his health.

Which staircase to choose, metal or wood?

The staircase structure should be designed before construction begins. internal partitions, taking into account the material from which the house is built, the size of the opening, the distance between floors and the location of the structure. What product should be placed in a living space so that it fits well into the interior, is practical and durable?

While the staircase that represents the path of our lives can be uneven and unpredictable, in our own we need to make the perfect staircase. Nice staircase is the connecting link between the two parts of the house. She often connects common rooms and rooms for her personal space. So if you need a new staircase for your home, here are 6 tips to help you make the right choice. So, in this article you will learn how to choose a staircase and what criteria you should pay attention to.

Ladder function

The first thing you need to decide before investing in a new staircase is what function will it serve in your home? You are going to walk up and down the stairs dozens of times a day because, for example, your office or workplace is it on the 2nd floor? In this case, you need a staircase that is comfortable and durable, made of cement or wood with railings. Or is the upstairs just your bedroom and you don't have small children?

In this case, you can choose a creative glass staircase. If your staircase is a part of your living room, then you can make a minimal elegant design for it. Whereas, if it is going to be a separate space, then you can choose traditional stairs with a cupboard underneath.

Stair Components

You also need to think about the components of the staircase. They depend on whether it is a closed staircase or an open one. Each staircase consists of a flight (a straight section with steps connecting the staircase landings or floors). The components of the steps are the riser (the vertical part of the step) and the tread (the horizontal surface on which the foot rests). Winder steps - treads irregular shape, often trapezoidal, used for lifting while turning. There are also fences, for example, railings (lattice made of wood and metal, screen ones made of plastic and glass), balustrade, handrails. From load-bearing structures It is worth noting stringers, bowstrings and bolts.

Weight

When choosing a new ladder, always pay attention to such a criterion as weight. A heavy ladder can be made of cement and wood. It is suitable for those houses where there is a separate space for the stairs. If the staircase is part of a small space in the house, then it is better to choose a wooden or glass option.

Installation

Before installing a staircase in a house, you need to make some calculations, such as the number of steps, the height of the risers, the height of the staircase and its length. It is recommended to carefully consider the design of the staircase, what appearance it will have, and what effect you want to achieve. Depending on the interior style, choose more creative or more traditional options.

Pros and cons of metal stairs

You also need to evaluate all the pros and cons of a particular staircase material. If you choose a metal staircase made of steel or wrought iron, then you will get a significant advantage, since it will be extremely durable and flexible, which will make it possible to create any interesting and original shape. Steel in particular is very resistant to corrosion, even wrought iron staircases have a longer lifespan than wood. However, they are more expensive than wooden options. If a metal ladder is made of iron or bronze, its color may change over time and it may also be unsafe for small children.

Which staircase is cheaper - concrete or metal? Which staircase to choose

Types of stairs for the home.

Spiral staircases.

Marching stairs.

Stairs on rails

Cantilever stairs

How to choose a staircase

Staircase designs

Basic requirements for staircase material

Strength of the staircase structure

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Durability

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

Fire safety of staircase system

Easy processing of material and installation of the structure

Environmentally friendly material

Ease of use of the ladder

The aesthetic appeal of the staircase as a decorative element

Cost of staircase construction

Combined staircase designs

Stairs on a metal frame

Stairs with a combined frame

Combined stair railing

Materials for inexpensive stairs

Cheap stairs for a summer house to the second floor

Convenient inexpensive stairs to the second floor for a summer residence (video)

Details: inexpensive stairs to the second floor (photo examples)

Staircase designs

Basic requirements for staircase material

Strength of the staircase structure

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Durability

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

Fire safety of staircase system

Easy processing of material and installation of the structure

Environmentally friendly material

Ease of use of the ladder

The aesthetic appeal of the staircase as a decorative element

Cost of staircase construction

Combined staircase designs

Stairs on a metal frame

Stairs with a combined frame

Combined stair railing

Materials for inexpensive stairs

Cheap stairs for a summer house to the second floor

Convenient inexpensive stairs to the second floor for a summer residence (video)

Details: inexpensive stairs to the second floor (photo examples)

DPK - reliable protection of street stairs

A metal staircase with wood cladding is the right choice

Metal stairs

Concrete stairs

Main types of concrete stairs

Video. Making concrete stairs

The high cost of making wooden stairs: fact or myth?

The problem of squeaks

Reliability issue

Metal stairs

Concrete stairs

Main types of concrete stairs

Video. Making concrete stairs

What should stairs be like?

Which staircase to choose

What features need to be taken into account

Most Popular

Safety: how to close the stairs from a child

Which staircase to choose, metal or wood?

Ladder function

Stair Components

Weight

Installation

Pros and cons of metal stairs