Which company is easier to draw up a business plan? How to write a business plan: step-by-step instructions

When opening a new company, it is not enough to calculate the costs of purchasing goods or raw materials and their retail price. The entrepreneur will have to face developing competition, visitor traffic and other important nuances. We need to prepare for this. How to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself so that it is competent and meets all market challenges, read the article.

How to Write a Business Plan for a Small Business

Regardless of the structure, the business plan is based on three criteria:

• location of the retail outlet;
• planned profitability;
• sequence of actions leading to achieving a goal.

In fact, this is a documentary reflection of a business idea (with calculations, indication of the property being used, study of the target audience, etc.).

SWOT Analysis Methodology

To draw up a business plan for starting your own business, methods such as SWOT analysis are used. They allow you to solve the issue structurally, taking into account the necessary factors. If you follow the rules, even without experience, you can create a full-fledged opening and development plan.

The name of the method contains:

• Strengths - advantages;
• Weakness - shortcomings;
• Opportunities - opportunities;
• Threats – risks.

All points are considered. There are no business ideas without drawbacks or risks, just as there is no unprofitable business in advance. The main thing is to choose a profitable place to locate a retail outlet, take into account the presence of competitors, and develop a marketing strategy. At each of the listed stages, it is recommended to involve specialists. They will help you make calculations based on real statistical data.

How to write a business plan for a small business. Example of a typical structure

When considering samples of business plans for small businesses, you can focus on their standard structure. Each section has a specific function, making it easy to compare options.

Typical structure of a business plan:

Section name	Purpose
Brief summary	Designed for investors, reflects general indicators such as payback period, level of profit per month, amount of one-time investments
Project Description	Information about the legal form of the company, staff, premises
Niche in the market	Results of market research for the presence of competitors, needs for the product or service offered
Marketing strategy
Production plan	Room equipment – ​​from cosmetic repairs before purchasing technical equipment. funds, advertising materials
Organizational plan	Employee salaries, work schedule, what tasks can be outsourced
Financial plan	Calculations taking into account one-time, variable costs, cost of goods or services
Risk management	Types of risks, ways to compensate for them

It is recommended to take real figures for wages, taxes, prices for services of third-party companies, and the number of competing companies at the time of calculations. Otherwise good plan may turn out to be unprofitable. Particular attention is paid to calculating risks - periodic absence of buyers, opening of new competitors, etc. Determine in advance whether it is worth outsourcing tax and accounting, this often allows you to avoid extra costs on fines and save on taxes.

How to determine the benefits of a new project

Before you write a business plan for your small business, it's worth taking the time to analyze your competitors and figure out what offers are attracting them. It's a convenient location low prices or favorable terms of service. It is important for a small company to find a solution that will allow it to stand out against its competitors. Without this, it will be difficult to reach the estimated profit level.

An entrepreneur will have to face the following difficulties:

1. Retail space in high-traffic areas is expensive. You will have to sacrifice space or invest significant funds from the moment the store opens.
2. High prices require significant investments in advertising campaign. A small company may not be able to afford such expenses.

Therefore, it is worth striving for unique positioning of goods, implementation additional services, maximum elaboration of the target audience. All this is done at the stage of creating a business plan. At the time of opening, there should be no questions about how and to whom to sell.

Why is it important to find out the shortcomings in advance?

Before starting financial calculations, it is recommended to study the regulatory framework: is it necessary to obtain licenses and other permits, what organizational and legal form of the enterprise will be the least expensive. Small businesses are most often opened in areas where you do not need to invest a lot of money - retail, provision of household services.

In addition to clarifying the list of costs, it is necessary to take into account the likely weak sides business:

• local market - limited by constant traffic near the location of the point, often associated with the impossibility of moving without significant costs and loss of clientele;
• growth prospects are practically non-existent; business expansion is usually carried out by opening retail outlets in other areas;
• additional investments - new investments in startups are possible after achieving full payback of the previous ones; during this period, the entrepreneur can only rely on his own resources.

Before drawing up a sample business plan with calculations, it is recommended to make the most accurate assessment of the capabilities of the local market (taking into account existing competitors, the likelihood of opening new ones, the number of people living and working near the store). Such studies are ordered from specialized companies.

Where to get resources to start a business

Calculations and document execution “according to the rules” are necessary to present the project to an investor or potential partner. In the field of small business, this could be an employment center or a private individual. Lending from banks or investing your own savings is not excluded.

When drawing up a business plan, take into account following types resources:

• the premises where the retail outlet will be located - find out whether there are rental holidays, whether it is possible for the owner to participate as an investor;
• employees working in the company - in addition to hiring according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, there are many options such as attracting individual entrepreneurs, private individuals on outsourcing;
• funds for registration, equipment, purchase of the first batch of goods - in small businesses, payment schemes “in installments” and “for sale” are very popular.

If you take everything into account possible options savings, the payback period, the need for money and personnel will decrease. The same applies to the registration procedure. You can register an individual entrepreneur or LLC for free, for example.

What is important when assessing risks

Selection of partners and investors reduces costs at the start-up stage. But then you will have to deal with current risks and rely only on yourself. When considering the question of what a business plan is and how to draw it up with sample calculations, they may be limited to figures on the costs of paying for premises, employees, and tax contributions. But in the process of activity, unforeseen situations may occur, leading to a sharp increase in costs and a decrease in profits.

There is a whole list of factors that an entrepreneur cannot influence:

• change in tax rate;
• increase in the cost of rent and utilities;
• the emergence of large competitors in the area of ​​​​operation, capable of long time offer reduced prices (usually network companies).

The operation of the company may be affected by the performance of the equipment. Even with a warranty on those. means you will have to put up with downtime, damage to goods if it requires special conditions. You can’t predict this at the stage of creating a business plan. Therefore, we have to limit ourselves to numbers general plan: assume a 10-30% risk of decreased profits (traffic) or increased costs.

“Plans are dreams knowledgeable people» Ernst von Feuchtersleben (English scientist, philosopher, literary critic).

Business planning goals

Having chosen your business, you need to decide how you will organize it, which means you need to plan for the near future. Everyone needs a business plan:

• Those from whom you will try to borrow money for the implementation of your project, that is, bankers and investors.
• Your employees who want to understand their tasks and prospects.
• And for yourself - to check the reasonableness and realism of your ideas.

Business plan is a document that:

1. Describes all the main aspects of the future enterprise or project.
2. Analyzes all the problems it may encounter.
3. Determines ways to solve identified problems.

A well-written business plan- this is a clear answer to the questions: “is it worth investing in the planned business and will it bring income that will pay for all the costs of effort and money?”

Important! Planning should be carried out by current or future companies, that is, those people who are not afraid to take responsibility for the implementation of the business plan. But this does not mean, of course, that you do not need to use the services of consultants and experts in this field. True, consulting firms charge decent amounts for its preparation, ranging from somewhere from 2 thousand US dollars to 40 thousand US dollars. But you can compose it yourself, at the same time incurring minimum costs. By getting involved in this work personally, you will not only model your future activities, but also test the strength of yourself and the plan itself.

So, main purpose of a business plan: it helps entrepreneurs solve the following problems:

— Study the capacity and development prospects of the future sales market.

— Assess the costs of producing products needed by the market. Compare them with prices.

— Determine the indicators by which the state of affairs can be regulated.

Keep in mind! A business plan is usually written for the future, and it should be drawn up approximately 3-5 years in advance. In this case, for the first year, the main indicators should be divided into monthly breakdowns, for the second - quarterly, and only starting from the third year, you should limit yourself to annual indicators. Although, if we take into account our economy and its variability, then planning for a period of more than a year is not entirely effective. Therefore, many now limit themselves to writing a plan for the year.

Business plan structure

The business plan has a complex structure. The entire life of a company from the moment of creation to the moment of stability and sustainability must be written in business language, intelligibly and vividly. A business plan should be understandable to any entrepreneur, financier and banker, as well as potential partners. A confidentiality memorandum is drawn up to warn persons reviewing the business plan about the confidentiality of the information contained in it. The memorandum may contain a ban on copying, transfer of the project to third parties and a requirement to return the project to the author.

A business plan should always be short and succinct. True, sometimes, in order to reveal the essence of the problem, it is made quite deep in content. Recommended volume: 30 – 70 pages, no more. And all Additional materials It is advisable to include it in appendices to the business plan.

Remember! It is important to provide measured information.

Here are the main points you will need to consider:

1. annotation(up to 1 page) – written appeal for senior management.
2. Summary(1-3 pages) – basic information to familiarize yourself with the business plan.
3. Business plan(45-60) - for a detailed study of the project by investor specialists and experts.

Remember! Any business has its own characteristics, therefore, there cannot be a “standard” plan that is acceptable in all cases. There is, so to speak, only general principle, structure of drawing up a business plan.

Summary

Your business should always start with conclusions, you write them at the very last resort, but they should be the very first points of your business plan. A resume is the result of an already written business plan. This is the only part that most potential investors read.

• The purpose of the business plan.
• The need for finance, for what purposes it is needed.
• Brief description of the business and its target customer.
• Main differences from competitors.
• Key financial indicators.

Business plan:

1. Goals and objectives

Here you will need to provide an analysis of the idea (SWOT analysis). Uncover strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats.

• Idea analysis.
• The purpose of the activity (what you want to achieve).
• Characteristics of the industry.

2. Product (service)

It is important that this part is written in clear, concise language that can be understood by a non-specialist.

• Description of the product or service and its application.
• Uniqueness
• Technologies and qualifications required for business.
• License/Patent Rights.

3. Market analysis

Market and Marketing - decisive factor for all companies. You need to pre-assemble and process large volume"draft" information.

• Buyers.
• Competitors (their strengths and weaknesses).
• Market segments.
• Market size and growth.
• Estimated market share.
• Composition of your clientele.
• The influence of competition.

4. Marketing plan

At this stage, the main task is to gain the trust and favor of a potential investor. If you do not have special education, you should read books on marketing and consult a specialist.

• Marketing alignment (main characteristics of products, services in comparison with competitors).
• Pricing (how to set the correct price for a product).
• Product distribution scheme.
• Sales promotion methods.

5. Production plan

Here you must consider all issues related to the premises you occupy, their location, equipment, and personnel.

• Location of premises.
• Equipment.
• Sources of supply of basic materials and equipment.
• Use of subcontractors.

6. Management personnel

Investments are made in specific people, and not in a business plan, which is why this section is one of the most important.

• Key management team.
• Personnel composition.
• Reward.

7. Sources and volume of required resources

In this section you should present your thoughts regarding:

• Amount of funds required.
• Sources of their receipt, form, timing.
• Refund deadlines.

8. Financial plan and risk analysis

Business people are divided into those who love working with numbers and those who are afraid of them. For those who belong to the first category, this section of the business plan is undoubtedly the most important.

• Sales volume, profit, cost, etc.
• Risks and how they can be avoided.

9. Detailed financial plan

You need to include a detailed financial plan in your business plan:

• Sales volume forecast.
• Profit and loss estimates.
• Cash flow analysis (monthly for the first year, then quarterly).
• Annual balance sheet.

And finally, I would like to give a few useful tips for drawing up a business plan:

1. First, read a few other business plans.
2. A business plan should reflect your personality.
3. Preparing a business plan is a job that requires the use of imagination.
4. Gain experience and skills in your chosen direction.
5. Write only on days when you are full of energy, not when you are mentally and physically exhausted.

Wish you luck!

Opening and maintaining any profitable and successful business impossible without first drawing up a clear, well-thought-out business plan. This will be the first step towards realizing your business idea. Competently calculated and taking into account various nuances business plan will give you an idea of ​​the approximate profitability of the plan, about possible risks and ways to solve various problems. The words of Robert McNamara very accurately characterize the drawing up of a business plan: “Put your great idea on paper. If you don’t succeed, then you haven’t thought it through yet.”

Drawing up a business plan requires you to be thorough, take into account even the smallest details, it certainly won’t be superfluous, but various omissions can lead to surprises, a delay in opening or a decrease in profits. As a result, he must answer the following questions: why is this particular business viable, how profitable can it be? You need to know exactly how you plan to meet the needs of potential clients and customers. And to do this, you will first need to decide on the target audience for which your business will be designed. You need to take into account age, interests, social status, financial capabilities of people. This will help you decide on the range of products or services, the business schedule, and the level of pricing policy.

You can download here.

Be sure to study the market for the planned services or goods and objectively evaluate your strengths. The higher the popularity and demand of the chosen field, the higher, as a rule, the competition. Find out why a particular establishment or company is in demand, and try to adopt their business tactics. And vice versa: if an enterprise similar to yours has recently closed, do not be too lazy to find out or assume what was the reason for this, and do not repeat the mistakes. Think about what new things you can offer your customers that will interest them. If the business is seasonal, take into account their fluctuations. Will the influx of visitors cover the months of calm? Equally important is the choice of location for your organization. It is desirable that there are no competitors nearby and that it is convenient for clients to get there. For restaurants, cafes, shops, for example, traffic is very important. The format of the same clothing store plays a big role here. A location in a residential area, in the city center, is more suitable for a boutique. You can choose a different location for the stock center.

You can download it here.

Decide on the organizational and legal form of your business. Individual entrepreneurs have tax advantages and simple registration; LLCs have more opportunities, for example, conducting non-cash payments with corporate clients. Find out in advance whether the activity is subject to licensing, whether permits are needed, what contracts need to be concluded and with whom (SES, Municipal Unitary Enterprise Improvement, RAO, etc.). If yes, then consider the time required to collect and prepare all the required documentation. No less important correct selection premises for a new business. Calculate the area optimally so as not to overpay for renting unused space. To do this, you must first decide what and how much equipment you will need, what furniture you need (at least approximately). But leave a small margin in the calculated area in case of subsequent additions. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the planned number of employees. Start with real numbers, subsequently the staff can be expanded.

Download here.

Calculate the one-time costs of starting a business. This will include: purchase of furniture, equipment, goods, materials (including consumables), possible repairs premises, registration, execution of all contracts, purchase and registration cash register, ordering advertising signs and display windows, etc. Calculate your estimated monthly expenses, which include, for example, rent, communal payments, employee salaries, purchase of goods, various deductions, advertising costs, equipment repairs, etc. Keep some reserve in case of unexpected expenses. To calculate income, you need to find out the approximate amount of the average check, the number of potential clients per day (taking into account the influx, say, on weekends and the lull on weekdays, and vice versa), and estimate the demand for certain types of services. By comparing the amounts of expected income and expenses, you will understand whether the enterprise will be profitable. Don't forget to deduct taxes from the profit received. Their amount will depend on which tax system you choose. The result will be net profit.

Business plan - detailed description of the future small, medium or large-scale enterprise, its theoretical image - a model that will subsequently be embodied in a firm, company, store, production. This is a kind of extended estimate that needs to be drawn up in order to understand what volume of investments will be needed, their sequence - determining what is needed first and what things can be purchased later. In this article we will tell you how to create a business plan yourself. A drafting sample will be considered for opening a small business.

Why is this necessary?

Drawing up a business plan demonstrates a serious approach to business and allows you to move progressively, in an orderly manner towards its implementation. A detailed business plan takes into account everything, including possible changes in the market and economic situation, which will lead to unforeseen expenses.

Another important point– without a detailed description of the project, a thorough analysis, banks will not give a loan to organize your business. In this case, the business plan must take into account all possible points so that bank specialists have no doubts about the success of the enterprise.

From simple to complex

You can create a business plan yourself. It's not difficult and this step-by-step instruction will help you master the basics of such an important process for an entrepreneur. The skill of independent business planning will allow you to save money when organizing your own business, and will also become a good source of income if you use the theoretical basis correctly.

To draw up a business plan, you should move from simple to complex, gradually developing and deepening the degree of economic research. This, in particular, concerns the justification of the commercial feasibility of a business through market research.

Sample structure

In order to draw up a simple business plan yourself, for example, for store opening women's bags , first you need to know its general structure, study the skeleton, which consists of:

• A resume is general description future project, which briefly describes the essence of the business plan. A resume is compiled in any form and must be extremely concise, succinct, and concise. Its volume is up to 10 sentences.
• Tasks and goals, where the goal is the end result, and the objectives are a description of how it is planned to achieve it. Compilation of this paragraph is mandatory, as it is the basis for further research.
• Description of the end result - this is an already running business. Here we talk about its functionality and visualize what is planned. This is perhaps the most difficult thing; it is necessary that everything is done correctly. The structure of the future enterprise is described here: departments, divisions, their functions, responsibilities. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw up staffing table. This can be done as a separate sub-item in the form of a diagram so that the structural interaction is clear. Creating such a scheme for a small business is a simple matter; it is much more difficult to create a description of a large-scale project.
• A financial plan is a voluminous part that implies a detailed description of expenses, including payments wages, monthly expenses for maintaining the enterprise. In addition, profitability calculations should be included here and the payback period should be determined. The last points are purely theoretical calculations that are based on the desired data. But at the same time they are a guideline for business development. For example, if the actual profit is significantly lower than the calculated one, it is necessary to carry out a deep dive functional analysis, do work on mistakes. This is important for both major project, and for a company with no more than a dozen employees. Sources of funding should also be indicated here. Is it equity or credit with settlements? interest rate according to it and the payment period. Here you will need calculations from the marketing section of the business plan. They largely influence profitability indicators, and therefore determine the solvency of the enterprise. This also includes the preparation of a price list or tariff schedule– determination of the cost of services or goods.
• Marketing plan - this section should contain information about what audience the product or service is aimed at. For example, a spare parts store will sell components for foreign cars in the premium or budget segment. It can also be specific brands or even one manufacturer.

Many financiers and entrepreneurs wonder how to write a business plan. Step-by-step instructions with an example of a business plan would be very helpful. We wrote it. Use it. You can also download sample business plans.

How to write a business plan: preparatory stage

The success of a company is associated with its ability to develop and its readiness to move towards new goals. Like red blood cells, which are formed in the body every second, maintaining the life of the human body, new ideas should fuel the activities of any, even the most conservative organization. In order for these updates to bring profit to the company without negatively affecting its sustainability, you need to seriously prepare for drawing up a business plan.

So, where to start writing a business plan? First you need to find and collect the following information:

• texts of UNIDO recommendations. In Russia there are no uniform standards for business plans, so it is customary to use the standards of UNIDO - the United Nations Industrial Development Organization;
• requirements of the Ministry of Economic Development;
• requirements of the regional and regional administrations of Russia (in case the project is submitted to these structures for participation in a competition or grants);
• requirements of potential investors for the project;
• certified software products for drawing up business plans, evaluation financial condition enterprises, calculating the project budget;
• copies of contracts, agreements, licenses, etc.;
• copies of documents on which the business plan data will be based;
• price lists of suppliers;
• financial information of the company for several years (calculations of financial indicators);
• list of experts who can help before presenting the document to investors.

It is also necessary to form a working group and appoint a leader.

What is the most important thing for a bank in a company’s business plan?

There are no officially approved requirements for a business plan. Everything is determined by the requirements of a particular bank, its credit policy and approaches to working with clients. It is possible that the initial version of the business plan (or its equivalent) will undergo significant changes. The editors interviewed bankers and found out that bankers do not judge the prospects of a project by traditional indicators of investment efficiency.

For a credit institution, a potential borrower’s business plan is by no means an empty formality, but the main source of data for assessing risks. That is why bankers almost unanimously noted that there are several most important sections of the document on the basis of which they judge the prospects. Find out which sections of the business plan you need to focus on Special attention, you can in . To read the article It will take less than a minute.

Step. 1. Define your business plan goals

First of all, it is necessary to determine the purpose - whether the document will be needed only for internal use, or the circle of potential readers will be wider. For example, will investors consider it for financial projection. It is advisable, in any case, to compose it as if it would be studied by seasoned heads of investment funds or heads of large banks (). If you were them, would you give personal money to this project? How much do you personally need what will become the goal of the project - as a manager, specialist or to an ordinary person? What is the tangible value of your proposal? Be the strictest reader, only from this point of view will it be possible to see For a credit institution, the business plan of a potential borrower is by no means an empty formality, but the main source of data for assessing risks. Editorial staff of the magazine " Financial Director» interviewed bankers and found out that bankers do not judge the prospects of a project by traditional indicators of investment efficiency.

Then, a list of information sources is compiled and the structure of the document is developed.

Step 2: Gather all the necessary information

In order to understand how to make a business plan from scratch, you will need to collect necessary information– about the sales market, price forecasts for services/products, legislation that may affect the company’s work, and other precise data on which each of the statements and forecasts should be based. Some can be collected independently, from industry media, scientific periodicals, stock exchange news, ready-made marketing research, information about similar projects of other companies. If this information is not enough, you should conduct or order your own marketing research from specialized companies.

When should you draw up a business plan yourself, and when should you turn to professionals?

Expert commentary

Ksenia Shvetsova, business trainer

The higher the significance of the project and the requirements for it, and what about larger amount in question, the higher the likelihood that the company will turn to to third party specialists. If the company has competent employees in management, marketing and financial planning, it is quite possible to cope with the task on its own. If they are not there, it is advisable to order the development of the document from professionals.

Turning to third-party specialists is also relevant when an investment project is drawn up for certain competitions or government programs. Specialized firms have experience in this matter and know the subtleties and nuances that may be unknown to entrepreneurs. If a business plan is being created for internal use, then it is more effective to first write it yourself, and then, if necessary, seek help from professionals.

Step 3: Develop a Marketing Plan

Now let's look at the main sections of the business plan. The marketing plan is one of the most important sections. First, you need to conduct a marketing study in which to evaluate profitability and payback in different situations, depending and not depending on the company’s activities, including the volume of financial investments. Next, create a marketing plan. It is he who will determine the direction of the development of the project and give an understanding of the most suitable tools and means to achieve the goals. Include the following items:

1. Marketing strategic planning:

• Company's mission;
• company goals;
• competitive advantage of the company;
• marketing strategy, its characteristics;

2. Product Description:

• product description and assortment;
• main product characteristics, performance characteristics;
• attractiveness for the client, benefits of using the product;
• requirements for consumer properties of the product;
• competitive advantages of the product and competitiveness of the product;
• patents, licenses, certificates for the product;
• product packaging;
• delivery conditions;
• guarantees and service;
• taxation feature.

3. Pricing policy:

• factors influencing pricing;
• .

4. Sales of products:

• volume and level of development of the industry;
• main categories of clients;
• target markets and their comparative characteristics;
• barriers to entry and development in the market;
• product marketing strategy;
• product distribution scheme;
• sales channels;

5. Promotion:

• sales promotion methods;
• advertising.

6. Schedule planning of the intended strategic plan:

• dates for achieving intermediate goals;
• date of achievement of the final goal.

7. Detailing the plan down to specific performers and assignees responsible persons. Answers to the questions of who should do what, when, where, with what resources and how it affects the final result.

8. Formation of a marketing budget:

• sales volume forecast;
• cost forecast;
• determining the budget for marketing activities.

Marketing planning will help determine the price level for a product or service - the maximum amount that a buyer is willing to pay for your offer. The more accurate this forecast is, the more stable the profit will be and the more effective promotion costs will be.

It is equally important to correctly identify the choice of suppliers of equipment, tools, services and other things that are necessary in the implementation of the project. Don’t chase cheapness, find even a smaller quantity, but find those companies that do not let you down with supplies and quality. You also need to identify the sales market, potential buyers or service users. No matter how reliable a small number of them may seem, the disappearance of the need for your product will reduce all the effort and cost to zero. Therefore, expand your customer base in advance. At the same time, it is important to correlate the search for clients with promotion costs. The business plan budget is not infinite, advertising agencies promise a lot, but be realistic, even large audience coverage does not always bring target clients.

Reflect in your marketing plan the sales methods you will use - directly to the consumer, through a network of distributors, etc.

How to write a business plan that will definitely give you a loan

In an effort to obtain a loan, companies often draw up a formal business plan and tailor it to the bank’s requirements. As a result, they do not take into account the specifics of the project and make mistakes. See six tips that will help you objectively assess the effectiveness of your future project and increase your chances of funding.

Step 4: Create a production plan

The next part of creating a business plan is the production plan. Here you need to answer the following questions:

1. Where is the production located?
2. Is it provided with transport routes?
3. Are all necessary communications available?
4. Is the construction of production facilities required?
5. How are the equipment supply issues resolved?
6. Is the enterprise staffed with qualified personnel?
7. What technologies are planned to be used?
8. Is cooperation established with suppliers and subcontractors?
9. How is the problem of waste disposal solved?

Answering these questions should be based on the information provided in the market research.

Production control

Particular attention should be paid to the description of the production of the product and the quality control system at each stage. For this purpose, a TQM control chart is used ( line graph process quality control) and economic order sizing model.

The key point of the production plan is evidence of the need for the selected production technology (service provision). If you have a choice production processes, then you need to mention them all, listing the serious disadvantages, so that the advantages of the technology the company needs look reasonable. You can consider the possibility of saving budget funds at each point of the plan: using leasing, renting equipment, collaborating with freelancers instead of permanent employees, transferring some functions to outsourcing. It is very important to identify the most effective and low-cost opportunity to conquer an economic niche in the market.

Recruitment

Recruitment is another important part production system, because the success of the project depends on the skills and reactions of the project leaders. Description of the level of qualifications and security of the company the necessary specialists should reflect the real picture. If there is a need for additional recruitment of personnel and a management core, it is important to clarify whether it is possible to find them at the location of production or whether you will have to incur costs to motivate them to move from other cities. Don't waste too many words on the management biography. It is necessary to show that each of the managers is truly a professional in his field, dedicated to him and the team believes in the leader. For this, specific data about his role in participation in other projects is sufficient, while it is not necessary to describe exclusively successes. An adequate analysis of your past mistakes and the ability to make correct conclusions is perceived positively by investors.

Loading production

The next point is production utilization or production capacity (PM). It contains data on the volume of products (services provided) that the company is able to produce (provide) for a specific time period. This paragraph examines the company's PM in several categories: project, current, reserve, and from the point of view of its possible increase and decrease. Here you need to provide information about how flexible production will be - whether it is possible to quickly increase or reduce the production of goods without significant losses and breaks in the production-supply chain.

The production plan must include a layout of equipment and its justification.

Aggregate plan and work schedule

An aggregate production plan for product sales is created to compare marketing data and production capacity for a period from one year to 5–7 years. Characterized by clear definitions of goods/services that must be produced to fulfill the business plan. The production and sales plan is usually divided into periods of up to a year. It can be adjusted every month, depending on the current situation in the company. The very concept of “aggregate” means to enlarge. IN in this case This refers to the generalization of individual indicators and their reduction into one position.

The next items are scheduling work and planning material requirements. For this it is convenient to use .

Step 5: Prepare a Financial Plan

This part of the business plan is designed to evaluate the project in terms of its costs and profitability. It should justify the need for finance, describe ways to replenish the project budget, and guarantees. It also provides a description of the economic situation in the area of ​​interest of the project, difficult to predict factors and possible options for financial behavior under several scenarios for the development of events. Preparing to work on financial plan consists in drawing up an estimate, and the degree of its accuracy.

It is important to list in detail all planned expenses for the project and the rationale for their necessity by year, dividing them into quarters. It is advisable to plan the first year monthly.

For each month (quarter, year) of the project, you need to reflect:

• taxes and their rates;
• inflation;
• information on capitalization methods;
• loan repayment schedule.

Take data from:

• ;
• documentation on the movement of money;
• balance sheet.

How to write a business plan so that investors and bankers like it

It depends on how the business plan is designed, what issues are covered in it and how, whether it will be possible to get money for the idea. We have prepared recommendations that will help you create a business plan that is understandable to investors and bankers, and not miss anything really important.

Recommendations to help you write a competent business plan yourself

1. Reflect in the plan approximate period when the invested funds will be returned and what specific steps are provided for this.
2. When making forecasts, check project performance indicators.
3. Experts advise, after accurately calculating the costs of implementing the project, to double this figure. Lack of funds can ruin the most promising project.
4. Compare the timing of receipt of funds with the timing of the company’s regular expenses.
5. Create financial reserve, while the growth in income from the project exists only on paper.
6. Create informed profitability forecasts. It is better to expect less than to be captured by illusory expectations and create a difficult financial situation for the company.
7. Tightly control costs until operational returns are achieved.

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