Sewage from a 200 liter barrel. Do-it-yourself septic tank from barrels at the dacha

A septic tank is built with your own hands from barrels, as a rule, in suburban areas where people live periodically - for example, in summer period, and also as temporary sewerage at construction sites.

Nowadays it’s quite easy to buy ready-made autonomous system collection and treatment of sewage, manufactured in the factory. It can be used as a permanent structure for country house. But for installing a septic tank in a country house, where you only relax periodically and do not live permanently, there is no point in purchasing such a system due to its high cost and complexity of installation.

It is much easier and more reasonable from a financial point of view to make a simple sewer system with your own hands, using metal or plastic barrels (both used and completely new) for these purposes.

Such a septic tank is constructed from containers with a volume of 200–250 liters. It is clear that such tanks are not capable of containing a large number of drains. This fact is considered the main disadvantage of septic tanks made from barrels. But the described structures also have many advantages. They are very easy to install. All work on sewerage installation is done by hand.

Containers with a volume of 200 liters

The most labor-intensive operation when installing barrels is considered to be digging a pit for them. You can do this yourself or order special equipment. In the first case, the costs will be minimal, but in the second, the work will take very little time. The choice is yours.

If you want to use tanks or barrels made of metal, you should immediately take care of treating them with special anti-corrosion compounds. Such containers have little resistance to the aggressive effects of wastewater. Without additional protection There is no point in using them due to rusting - in just a couple of seasons they will fail.

And here is the septic tank from plastic barrels with your own hands will last you much longer and without anti-corrosion protection. True, the installation of such tanks will be more difficult. This is due to the low weight of plastic containers. They will have to be additionally secured to eliminate the risk of barrels being pushed to the surface during spring floods.

About the process of constructing a septic tank from plastic products we will talk in great detail. It is precisely these autonomous temporary sewers that are most often built in dachas. Now let’s briefly talk about the principles of constructing a septic tank from iron tanks.

When arranging a septic tank from iron containers, it is necessary to dig a pit of suitable dimensions and in mandatory Concreting its bottom. Then prepare two barrels and drill holes on their sides. You will insert the outlet of the drainage pipe and the inlet of the overflow pipe into them. Remember - the pipe product coming from the house is always inserted into the first barrel with a certain slope. Thereby wastewater They will flow by gravity into the septic tank without any problems.

Important pro tips to follow when arranging a sewer system from metal barrels:

the second metal container should be installed in the pit slightly lower than the first;
use barrels with a volume of at least 200 liters;
high-quality insulation of the septic tank on all sides is mandatory (no need to lay heat insulating material only to the bottom of the pit);
The tanks are backfilled with soil; the top of the septic tank is covered with roofing felt and lids made of wood or iron (do not forget to make a hole in the coating through which wastewater will be periodically pumped out of the tanks).

Arrangement sewer system from metal barrels

If you want to increase the volume of the structure in question, it is possible to install several barrels on top of each other and weld them together. In addition, additional iron jumpers can be mounted. They will provide more reliable fastening barrel All joints between barrels should be thoroughly waterproofed. For this, hot bitumen is most often used.

Let's say it right away. No matter how you arrange the system from iron barrels, after 3-4 years, metal tanks will have to be replaced. They will begin to rot and rust under the influence of aggressive wastewater.

Despite the ease of installation of such sewers, you will have to clearly plan all the activities. First, decide where exactly you will install the septic tank. It must be removed from the garage, sauna and other outbuildings 1–2 meters, and from a residential building - 5 meters (at least). The wastewater collection facility is not built next to a well or well, from where clean water is supplied to the house.

Next, select a scheme for your autonomous sewer system. For several people using country septic tank in the warm season, a system of three barrels, which are connected in series with each other, is recommended. Note! The first two containers must have a bottom (they act as settling chambers), the third - without it. The last barrel is essentially a filter well.

Barrel sewer system

Principles for installing plastic containers:

The second barrel is placed at the bottom of the pit 10 cm below the first, the third - lower by the same 10 cm in relation to the second.
Under the first two tanks you need to arrange a pillow from (its height is about 10 cm).
The barrels are connected to each other by sewer pipes (they are called overflow pipes). In this case, the outgoing tubular product is located 10 cm below the incoming one.
Under a barrel that does not have a bottom, you should make a special cake - a layer (0.3 m) plus a layer of sand (0.5 m). Such a pillow is necessary for the final purification of wastewater absorbed into the ground.

If at your dacha groundwater are located quite high, instead of the third barrel, filtration fields are installed.

Now purchase the materials that will be required for the construction of a septic tank (barrels, geotextiles, small crushed stone, angles for connecting pipe products, 110 mm sewer pipes, sand) and proceed to the next stage of the planned event.

The pit for the septic tank is dug manually or using vehicles. According to its parameters, the pit is made larger than the geometric dimensions of the plastic containers used. Along the entire perimeter of the pit, the distance between its sides and the barrels is maintained at 0.25 m.

The bottom of the dug pit needs:

compact well;
cover with sand (arrange a 10-centimeter sand cushion);
pour concrete solution;
mount metal embedded elements in the resulting base (barrels will be fixed to them, so they must have hinges).

Experts advise additionally securing plastic tanks to the concrete base using special belts (they are called bandage belts). They provide a 100% guarantee that during a flood the barrels will not float to the surface.

Fastening plastic tanks

Now let's move on to plastic containers. In the one that will be installed first, we make a hole (it must be at a distance of 0.2 m from the tank lid) for the pipe coming from the residential building. Another hole is cut on the opposite side of the chamber (relative to the first one, it is shifted down by 0.1 m).

Also, another hole is made in the first container. It will be needed to connect the ventilation riser. Important tip! It is advisable to equip the first barrel with a removable lid. In this tank, after settling the wastewater, there is always a huge amount of solid waste. This means that you will have to clean it more often.

Drill holes in the second plastic container in the same way. If you plan to build filtration fields, you need to cut two holes in the second barrel, placing them at a 45-degree angle to each other. These holes are needed for installation drainage pipes.

Installation of a septic tank, filtration well and filtration fields

The installation work flow diagram is as follows:

Place two plastic barrels in the pit.
Connect the pipes to the cameras.
Backfill the tanks using a composition consisting of cement (dry powder) and sand. This backfill perfectly protects the structure from destruction during soil movements. The mixture is supplied in layers of 0.25–0.3 m, and each layer must be compacted. At the same time as filling, pour water into the containers. This way you will protect the barrels from deformation.
Pour a cushion of sand and crushed stone onto the installation site of the third tank (a well for filtering wastewater), place the last barrel on the resulting pie and pour fine crushed stone into it (about a third).

Your septic tank for your dacha is ready!

If, instead of a filtration well, you planned to construct filtration fields, the arrangement of the latter is carried out as follows:

To install drainage pipes, dig trenches of the required size. They must have a slope (per meter of pipe products - 2 cm).
You lay geotextiles at the bottom of the trenches, and throw its cuts on the sides over the sides of the ditch.
Cover the geotextile material with crushed stone (height 0.3 m).
Place pipes for drainage on the crushed stone layer. As such it is allowed to use homemade products(make holes in regular steel pipes). But it is better to use factory perforated pipes.
Fill the trench with a layer of crushed stone and lay geotextiles on top (the overlap width is about 0.1 m).

All you have to do is fill the ditch with soil. Fields for filtering wastewater have been made.

To the owners country houses you don’t want to give up your usual city amenities and have to install a sewer system on your property yourself. Often it is a simple cesspool made from a barrel or something else, but if there is running water and household members actively use plumbing fixtures, its capabilities will clearly not be enough.

The dacha sewerage scheme includes a sewage collector, internal and external pipeline networks. Depending on financial capabilities, the collector is built from brick, concrete rings, large in size car tires, eurocubes or 200 l barrels.

Sewage scheme with a barrel as a septic tank

Scheme and rules for organizing sewerage with a septic tank in the country

It is quite possible to equip a septic tank for a dacha with your own hands. Before starting work, draw up detailed diagram sewerage installations. Drawings can be seen in the photo. The location of the storage tank, internal and external wiring must be indicated on the diagram. pipeline network. Building codes and the rules determine required angle pipe inclination, features of the collector design and other parameters. Please note that simply pouring wastewater into a pit without pumping pollutes the soil and nearby aquifers.

Requirements for the placement of treatment facilities on a summer cottage

Treatment facilities on a summer cottage should be located no closer than thirty meters from reservoirs, wells and artesian wells. In order to bad smell did not penetrate into residential premises, the minimum distance of the septic tank from the house is five meters. This distance should also not be significantly extended, since this will significantly increase the cost of laying an external sewer network.

Minimum distances from septic tank to various objects

Care must be taken to ensure that the unpleasant odor does not disturb the neighbors, and the treatment plant should not be located too close to the boundaries of the site. Fruit trees and other green spaces with a developed root system should be located at a distance of at least three meters.

Types of country sewerage

The easiest way to do it yourself is to make a regular cesspool for a private home or cottage into which waste will simply be drained. At the same time, it will pollute environment. To prevent unpleasant consequences, a sealed container is installed in the cesspool.

The simplest cesspool from a barrel

This is a more acceptable way of arranging a waste disposal system, but in this case, frequent “visits” of the sewer truck are necessary. More modern look The dacha sewage system is a septic tank in which the liquid fraction of waste settles and, after filtration, is removed from the collector. The use of bacteria that decompose organic matter helps to create a septic tank without pumping.

Sealed cesspool

To construct a cesspool, dig a pit at least two meters deep. If the terrain of the site is difficult, it is located at the lowest level.

Sealed drain hole convenient for small waste volumes

The walls of the tank are laid out brickwork or they stack ready-made concrete rings, tires from the Kirovets tractor, two-hundred-liter barrels on top of each other, and so on. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the bottom of the container, all butt joints are reliably sealed to prevent wastewater leakage.

Filter well

A filter well is constructed in the same way as a sealed cesspool, only instead of waterproofing, a fill of gravel or crushed stone with sand is made at the bottom of the shaft. It forms a filter layer, percolating through which liquid waste fractions get rid of contaminants before penetrating into the soil.

Construction of a filter well made of a plastic barrel

This design treatment plant makes it possible to pump out waste from the tank much less frequently, since it is filled only with solid fragments. The quality of wastewater treatment is improved if you install not one, but several filter wells connected to each other by overflow pipes.

Applying a filter field

Using a filtration field helps to make a septic tank without pumping. Its device requires the presence on site free space large area.

Device of a small filtration field

The filtration field is an underground area in which sedimentation and purification of wastewater passing through the sewer occurs. From there they are discharged through perforated pipes into the drainage system.

Using the gutter

It’s good if it’s close to a storage facility sewer tank there is a drainage ditch. In this case, the wastewater passing through the collector can be directed directly into it. To do this, they dig a hole near the canal, filling it with crushed stone or gravel as a filter layer. Wastewater is sent there, which, after passing through the filter, enters the drainage ditch.

Options for materials for a septic tank in the country

Depending on financial capabilities, the septic tank at the dacha is made from the most various materials. With virtually no material costs, you can get discarded tires from your nearest tire repair shop or auto company. large diameter.

An example of organizing a two-chamber septic tank from tires

Tires from the Kirovets tractor are suitable. They are laid on top of each other in a dug pit. A septic tank made from ready-made concrete rings is even faster and more reliable. The wastewater receiver can be lined with brickwork. Large-volume barrels and so-called Eurocubes, which are sealed plastic containers, are also used.

When installed, they are concreted on the sides, since they are light in weight and can move when the ground water level rises.

Installation depth of the septic tank and pipe laying

The depth of installation of the septic tank and laying of the sewer pipe directly depends on the level of soil freezing in a particular region. If wastewater freezes in the sewer system, it will burst the pipes, and in the spring everything will have to start again.

A sewer pipe used only in summer does not need to be buried

The optimal volume of a septic tank in the country

The required volume of a septic tank at a dacha depends on the number of people permanently residing there. It is believed that one person consumes up to two hundred liters of water per day. By multiplying this figure by the number of household members and increasing the resulting value by approximately twenty percent, we obtain the optimal volume of storage capacity.

Of course, in a summer cottage, that is, without the use of a shower and bath, this parameter will be much less.

Construction of a simple cesspool from a 200 liter barrel

A cesspool from a 200 liter barrel can be easily made with your own hands. For its arrangement, it is better to choose plastic containers. Compared with metal products they have the following advantages:

excellent resistance to aggressive chemical environments;
longer service life;
simplified installation due to low weight;
no need for anti-corrosion treatment;
high levels of tightness.

A plastic barrel can serve as a cesspool for a long time

When buried in the ground, plastic containers should be securely secured using cables pulled to concrete slab installed as the base of the structure. Otherwise homemade septic tank can “surface” at the most inconvenient moment. Plastic barrels installed in the pit should be filled very carefully so as not to damage them.

Do-it-yourself assembly and connection of a septic tank from plastic barrels

Assembling and connecting a septic tank from plastic barrels with your own hands is not particularly difficult. First, a pit is dug to bury the tanks in the ground. For better cleaning wastewater, two plastic containers with a volume of at least two hundred liters each should be installed. They are connected to each other using an overflow pipe.

Two-chamber septic tank with overflow from plastic barrels - practical option

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The following video has been carefully selected and will certainly help you understand what is presented.

Making a septic tank with your own hands from barrels is one of the simplest and cheapest ways to ensure wastewater treatment. Its production does not require much time, and the materials are available. At the same time, a treatment plant of this type is quite effective and gives high quality removing impurities.

In septic tanks of this type, wastewater is treated primarily mechanically:

Partial clarification during the deposition of the largest particles of impurities occurs mainly in the first of three series-connected containers.
Smaller inclusions settle in the second tank, into which water flows from the top of the first barrel.
The “native” bottom of the third barrel is usually removed, and when installing a septic tank, the lower part is backfilled with sand, gravel or expanded clay. This material acts as a filter.

Passing through the ground achieves optimal results, but this method is not suitable for areas with groundwater located close to the surface. To ensure sanitary safety in such cases, drainage of treated wastewater through filtration fields is organized. Such structures are perforated pipes insulated with geotextile, which come out of the third barrel at an angle of 45° to each other and are located in trenches parallel to the surface.

The use of septic tanks from barrels

It is advisable to build a septic tank at the dacha with your own hands from barrels in the following cases:

as a temporary structure during the construction phase of a house before the sewer system is installed,
with a minimum amount of waste, typical for periodic visits suburban area without permanent residence.

Such requirements are due to the small volume of tanks. The capacity of large barrels is usually 250 liters Therefore, the volume of a septic tank from three tanks will be 750 liters. At the same time, according to the conditions sanitary standards The septic tank must accommodate three daily “portions”.

It is advisable to build a septic tank from plastic barrels with your own hands as a separate treatment facility, for example, for shower or bath.

The advantages of such designs are:

low cost (used containers are often used),
simplicity of design and installation,
smaller volume earthworks due to the small volume of tanks.

Pros and cons of the materials used

Do-it-yourself sewerage in a dacha can be made from a barrel using plastic or metal containers. Usually used most affordable option However, if you have a choice, you should consider the pros and cons of each option before making a decision.

Advantages:

light weight, ease of transportation and installation,
ease of making holes for pipes,
absolute waterproofness, eliminating the possibility of soil contamination,
resistance to corrosion from water or aggressive substances that may be contained in detergents.

Flaws:

due to their small weight, plastic barrels require reliable fastening to the foundation in order to prevent them from floating during a flood, which can lead to destruction of the sewer system,
Due to the plasticity of the material, there is a danger of squeezing soil reservoirs during the cold season.

Iron barrels

Advantages of a septic tank made of metal barrels:

high strength,
structural rigidity,
waterproof provided the walls and bottom are intact.

Flaws:

instability to corrosion, requiring waterproofing coating and periodically checking its condition,
a slightly more complex process of making holes that requires the use of power tools.

It should be noted that more often a homemade septic tank from barrels is made using plastic containers.

Materials and tools

Before making a septic tank from a barrel, in order to avoid unplanned interruptions during the work process, it is better to prepare everything you need in advance.

Main components:

metal or plastic barrels,
sewer pipes (most often used with a diameter of 110 mm), the total length of which is 1-2 meters greater than the length of the main line,
tees corresponding to the diameter of the pipes,
sewer covers for barrels,
pipes for ventilation (in some cases sewer pipes can be used),
covers for ventilation (purchased or home-made protective canopies),
corner fittings,
flanges, couplings.

Installation materials:

PVC glue (if plastic containers are used),
sealant,
cement,
sand,
crushed stone,
fastening cables or clamps.

Tools:

Bulgarian,
shovel,
electric mixer

Septic tank installation

Sewerage from barrels with your own hands requires certain steps preparatory work before starting installation. We will consider the option of making a septic tank from three barrels, but the same remains for a septic tank from two tanks.

Technological holes are made in each barrel.

In each of their barrels, in addition, holes are made at the upper end (or lids, which are often provided with tanks for ease of cleaning) for ventilation pipes.

In each tank, the inlet is located 10 cm above the outlet.

Important: When making a septic tank from iron barrels with your own hands, the metal barrels for sewerage are coated with an anti-corrosion compound inside and out.

The pit for the septic tank is dug out of the barrels in such a way that when installed, there is a gap of 25 cm on each side of any tank. The bottom of the pit is covered with crushed stone or a sand cushion is arranged.

To fill the foundation, step formwork is installed. When placing barrels with a sequential decrease in level (each is 10 cm lower than the previous one), the volume of the tanks will be fully used, which is very important with the small capacity of septic tanks of this type. If the removal of purified liquid is provided through the bottom filter of the third barrel, the last tank is installed directly on crushed stone, without a foundation.
After pouring the foundation at the stage of solidification of the solution, rings or hooks are installed into it, to which clamps will cling to fix the containers. Just in case, it is better to “anchor” not only plastic, but also iron tanks.

If wastewater removal will be carried out through a filtration field, then trenches for laying corrugated pipes can be dug at this stage.

Once the foundation has gained strength, you can begin installing and securing tanks, installing pipes and sealing joints at their entry points. Experts recommend not using silicone for these purposes, preferring other types of sealants, for example, epoxy.

The trenches of the filtration field are covered with geotextile, and after laying the perforated pipes, the material is wrapped with the edges overlapping each other.

A fully assembled septic tank made from barrels is filled with soil. Plastic containers At this time, it is better to fill with water to avoid deformation. During the backfilling process, the soil is periodically carefully compacted.

In a separate article on the site, it will be easier to create a treatment facility with it, but it will still not be possible to completely do without loading equipment.

Installation of a sewer system for a private house. Selecting a location, conducting internal and external communications.

Types of plastic drainage wells presented. Scope of application and installation.

Nuances of construction

When installing septic tanks from barrels in the country with your own hands, you should take into account some nuances and rules:

Rules for choosing the volume and location of septic tanks

The daily water consumption rate is 200 liters per person, and the septic tank must be able to accommodate wastewater. Collected within 72 hours or 3 days. Thus, subject to permanent residence, a three-chamber septic tank made of 250-liter barrels is suitable only for one person. Therefore, septic tanks of this type are used only for temporary residence or for treating wastewater from one point (for example, from a bathhouse). In most cases, they try to somehow increase the capacity of septic tanks, which is why among treatment facilities made from barrels there are practically no two-chamber options (they have too small a volume).

It is important to comply with sanitary requirements regarding permissible distances from septic tanks to certain facilities. For example, distance from the source drinking water must be at least 50 meters. Garden plants and fruit trees must be located at least 3 meters from the treatment plant. The distance to the road is at least 5 meters.

Building a house is a labor-intensive and complex task. If you want to have a complete autonomous sewerage, you need to equip a septic tank for drains and waste, and it can be made from plastic barrels with a volume of 200 liters each. Metal containers are not suitable; they rust and deteriorate quickly.

It should be recalled that such a septic tank purifies contaminated water; it cannot be done without pumping.

Advantages of a do-it-yourself septic tank

Stores sell already assembled septic tanks from different manufacturers. But their functions are identical homemade devices. Having decided to equip a septic tank with your own hands for a private home, you get the opportunity to appreciate the important advantages:

cheap material;
simplicity and ease of installation - no special skills or knowledge required.

Among the disadvantages, experts cite the limited volume of the chambers, so the owner of the dacha will have to pump out water quite often. But this is better than drawing it from a well, even with a pump. Most often, a septic tank is installed where wastewater is minimal.

For which premises is a septic tank made from plastic barrels suitable?

Country houses used for temporary holidays during the summer season.

Baths that do not have a jacuzzi, swimming pool or toilet.

Buildings and utility structures to improve the comfort of use.

Where to install a septic tank

Aim for a long distance from a well or other source clean water– according to the standards, sewerage should not pass nearby, otherwise the quality of the water will suffer. Also, retreat 5 m or more from the foundation of the house and provide 1 m as a distance from other buildings on the summer cottage. Consider the option of pumping out waste - if it is a special machine, provide convenient access to the septic tank under construction.

What is the simplest and at the same time effective scheme for arranging a septic tank?

The product consists of 2 or 3 barrels, one of which does not have a bottom, due to which the component functions as a filter part.

Each subsequent barrel is placed 10 cm lower than the previous one.

The barrels are connected to each other by a pipeline. The pipe that enters the septic tank is located 10 cm above the outgoing channel.

The barrels, which act as a settling tank, are placed on a sand bed, the layer thickness is 10 cm.

To keep the water clean in the best possible way, provide for a barrel without a bottom a cushion of 30 cm of crushed stone and 50 cm of sand.

The high groundwater level requires the installation of a filtration field instead of a filter well.

What materials are needed to create a septic tank with your own hands?

Based on the received drawings of the septic tank, we determine the materials that will be needed to build the product for a country house:

Two barrels with a capacity of 200-250 liters. If a filter well is provided, prepare another barrel by cutting out the bottom. You shouldn’t give up iron ones only if the septic tank is temporary - metal containers They won't last longer than a couple of months.

Crushed stone with small particles measuring 1.8-3.5 cm each.

Geotextiles.

Pipeline for laying sewerage, the diameter of one pipe is 110 mm.

Drainage pipes used in the construction of filtration fields.

Angles that combine parts of the pipeline.

Preparing barrels for installation

First, prepare plastic barrels for work. Make recesses for incoming and outgoing pipes. In one barrel, the hole is made at a step of 20 cm from the upper base of the barrel. The entrance recess runs on the opposite side, with a 10 cm downward displacement.

In the first barrel, provide a hole for ventilation. It is advisable that the lid be removed, because this chamber will accept a larger amount of solid waste and therefore needs constant cleaning.

Now process the second barrel. Step back 20 cm from the top cover and make a hole for the incoming channel. The outlet is placed on the other side, focusing 10 cm above the recess of the inlet pipe. If the barrels are connected to drainage, experts recommend making two holes at an angle of 45 degrees to each other.

How to install a septic tank with your own hands

To install a septic tank, you need to prepare a pit. Focus on a value that exceeds the volume of the barrels; the drawings will help you determine the size. The gap between the plane of the barrels and the sides of the pit is left 25 cm around the entire perimeter.

What other nuances need to be taken into account when creating a pit for a septic tank?

To make the bottom dense, lay out a sand cushion; the layer thickness should be 10 cm.

Secure the result concrete mortar. Barrels require reliable fixation using mortgages metal hinges. If the septic tank is planned to be used on an ongoing basis, builders recommend powerful fastening using bandage belts located on concrete base. The master's short-sightedness can lead to the barrels floating to the surface as soon as the spring flood arrives. Then you will have to say goodbye to the sewer system.

Now install the barrels by connecting the pipeline. To protect the product from damage, add a mixture of sand and dry cement, the layer thickness is 30 cm. Compact it and fill it again. At this time, fill the container with water - this simple technique will avoid deformation of the walls. Use waterproofing agents to seal joints.

On a small summer cottage there is no point in installing an expensive septic tank. Moreover, if the dacha comes to life only in the summer, and the number of people living in it is small. You can make a septic tank from barrels at your dacha with your own hands. Previously, 200 liter metal barrels were used to build septic tanks. Over time, plastic barrels appeared on sale. They are much lighter and more durable. As a result, demand quickly shifted from metal barrels to plastic ones. Of course, a good owner not to carry extra costs, will use the barrels that he has. In this article we will look at how to make a septic tank from barrels, using both metal barrels and plastic barrels.

Choosing a place for a septic tank

When choosing a place for a future septic tank, pay attention to the location of wells with drinking water and residential buildings. According to the standards, the septic tank must be located no closer than 5 m from the living space and 15 m from the source of drinking water.

Installation of plastic barrels

So, you have chosen a place for installation and decided to build a septic tank from plastic barrels. You can start doing the work:

For small summer cottage two or three barrels with a capacity of 200-250 liters are enough. Taking a little more space than the diameter of the barrels, mark the area for the pit. Keep in mind that the distance between the barrels should be 25 cm and they should be in one line.
Get started with the hardest soil work. The depth of the pit is dug in steps. First, a hole is dug to the height of the first barrel. Each next barrel will be installed 15 cm deeper than the previous one.
The bottom of the first two holes is covered with a sand cushion 10 cm thick. After this, it is well leveled and compacted. If your finances allow, the bottom can be concreted. Concrete is poured into the reinforcement, bent in the form of a loop with a protrusion outward. The barrels will then be tied to these loops.
The bottom of the hole under the third barrel is covered with a layer of sand of about 50 cm. A layer of crushed stone of 30 cm is poured on top of the sand. This layer will filter the wastewater that goes into the ground.
Place barrels with bottoms at the bottom of the first two holes. They will serve as settling tanks. If the bottom is made of concrete and there are hinges, then using belts we fasten the barrels to the hinges. This device will protect the barrels from floating in the spring.
Install the first barrel with a removable top lid. You will use it to clean the container from sediment. From the top of the barrel, remove a riser from a sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm to allow gases to escape.
If the design of the septic tank provides a filtration field, then cut holes in the second barrel located one above the other at an angle of 45 °. Pipes leading to the filtration field will be connected to these holes.
In the third barrel, cut out the bottom with a jigsaw or grinder, and place it on the filter bottom of the pit.
The barrels will be connected to each other by overflow pipes. Therefore, holes with a diameter of 110 mm must be cut in the sides of the barrels for sewer pipes. The hole of the pipe leaving the barrel should be 10 cm lower than the incoming one.
Using sewer pipe, connect the barrels together. Seal the joints with sealant.
After the entire installation procedure, backfill the pit. The pit is backfilled in layers. As the layer is added, water is poured into the barrel so that the pressure does not crush the barrel. And fill the space between the walls of the barrels with a dry mixture of sand and cement. Each layer is compacted as it falls asleep.

Photo

Filtration field

If the groundwater is deep, a filtration field can be added to the septic tank installation. In this case, installing a third filter barrel is impractical and is not installed. Let's take a quick look at how to make a filter field correctly:

Near installed septic tank a trench is dug. Its width should accommodate 2 perforated pipes, and its depth should be about 70 cm.
A geotextile fabric is laid in the trench.
A perforated pipe is laid on top of the canvas and connected to the second barrel.
The top of the pipe is covered with crushed stone and covered with the remaining edges of the canvas. The edges of the canvas should overlap each other by 15 cm.
The wrapped pipes are covered with soil. If desired, the filtration field can be seeded with lawn grass.

Installation of metal barrels

If you have 200 liter metal barrels lying around, you can save money by buying plastic ones. The fact is that you can also make a septic tank from metal barrels. The installation diagram and procedure are the same as when installing a septic tank from plastic barrels. Just to cut holes in the sides of metal barrels you will need a jigsaw with a metal file. You will also need a welding machine, which can be used to weld overflow pipes and a pipe for the release of gases from the first barrel. To increase the capacity of the septic tank, the barrels can be welded vertically with each other. Jumpers are welded at welding points for strength. Metal tends to rust quickly, so it is advisable to treat the surface of the barrels before installation protective composition. This could be bitumen or any other similar product sold in a hardware store.

Video

In this video you will find instructions for making a bath drain from a plastic barrel: