The carriage tie is very non-standard way finishing of sofas, armchairs and other furniture. It was first used more than three centuries ago by the French.
They used this technology to upholster carriage saddles.
Therefore, this method of finishing furniture was called carriage screed or, in other words, capito.
It is very popular and requires strict adherence to step-by-step manufacturing instructions.
How to prepare for the creative process?
To make a carriage tie, you will need some materials. You will need to stock up on chipboard or plywood in the quantity required by the volume of work to be done.
In addition, you need to prepare pieces of fabric with unusual texture, a handful of buttons and buttons, as well as decorative fishing line.
Instead of the last thing, you can take lace or wire. Even in the process of making the carriage screed, you will need foam rubber and padding polyester (see photo).
Upholstery material (fabric) should be purchased with a reserve, that is, so much that it is 50 cm larger in length and width.
Foam rubber, the thickness of which should be at least 5 cm, also needs to be purchased a little more than required.
The fact is that when making a carriage tie it will need to be bent, which may require about 10 cm of material.
When choosing threads and cords for tightening buttons, you should pay attention to their thickness and strength.
The production of capitone is carried out using a number of tools and means. In this creative project you will definitely need glue.
It is advisable to buy a product that is intended specifically for working with furniture and glues foam rubber.
You can also use rubber glue made with the addition of rubber. It is prohibited to use nitro glue to create carriage screeds, as it can damage the material.
Do-it-yourself carriage screeding is done without a drill equipped with a Zifenbor attachment, which allows you to make neat holes.
Of course, instead special tool You can take a regular stationery knife, but it will cut curves in the backing along the edges of the hole.
To create a capiton in the interior, you will have to arm yourself with a jigsaw, stapler, hammer, felt-tip pen, crochet hook, ruler or tape measure.
After preparing all the materials and tools, you can make a sketch on paper of the intended work, which will decorate the head of a sofa, bed or anything else.
At the planning stage of the carriage screed, it is important to determine its dimensions and configuration. Then you need to start making a template for the capitonné.
It is created from a cardboard sheet, which in size corresponds to the parameters finished product. They can be standard 10 cm in both length and width.
To apply markings, you need to use a marker and a tape measure to make marks every 10 cm, and then draw lines horizontally and vertically.
Geometric shapes must have ideal proportions. If you decide to use a pattern with rhombuses, then first you need to mark the surface with squares, and then draw diagonals in them.
The points at which the lines intersect, as well as the vertices, must be marked with a felt-tip pen. Then they need to trace the resulting diamonds.
After this, at the highest points geometric shapes It is necessary to make holes that will become places for attaching buttons.
In what order is capitone created?
As it says step-by-step instruction making a carriage screed, the first step is to apply glue to the already made panel that serves as the base, and then attach a foam sheet to it.
For a more durable connection of the elements, it is recommended to treat the elastic lining with an adhesive composition.
All further actions to create a capiton are taken only after the glue has completely dried.
Then the fragments glued together, that is, a foam rubber sheet and a cardboard template with pre-made holes, are placed on the structure.
This is necessary in order to draw the indicated dots on it using a felt-tip pen. Then you should cut holes in them using a drill with a tsifenbor, as shown in the photo.
The next step in making a carriage screed is to mark points on the plywood, in place of which holes will later appear. Naturally, they must coincide with the holes on the foam rubber.
Therefore, when marking them, you should use the same cardboard template. After this, you need to drill holes in a sheet of plywood of such a size that you can insert a crochet hook into them.
Then, as required by the step-by-step instructions for creating capitone, a sheet of foam rubber must be glued with a padding polyester lining.
It also needs to be “perforated”, and the holes created must coincide with the holes in the previous layer.
Then finished design should be covered with fabric, fixed on each side of the plywood using a stapler.
The main thing is that the upholstery material is stretched without wrinkles and does not compress the layer of foam rubber and padding polyester. The master from the video will tell you exactly how to do this.
The next thing to do is to insert hooks into all the holes made. Their edges must be pushed out through tiny holes in the plywood.
Threads of good strength should be tied to the removed hooks. After that with outside the design must have buttons attached to all hooks.
Then you can begin to tension the threads from the reverse side, while pressing in the upholstery material.
In this case, you need to be extremely careful, otherwise the buttons will not go to the same depth, and the fabric will not wrinkle inward evenly.
Then the threads that hold the buttons need to be secured with a stapler, as shown in the photo in the article.
The carriage screed makes the interior unusual and interesting, but is the result of painstaking work.
Moreover, the most difficult stage of creating a capiton is considered to be pulling out the hooks and attaching the buttons.
To cope with the manufacture of a carriage tie without unnecessary problems, before the beginning creative process It is recommended to watch the master class on video.
What should the screed be like?
Decorating with a carriage screed is used only if there are funds for it. Still, the fabric, which gives an unusually beautiful look to the interior or any kind of interior, is expensive due to its dense texture and high quality.
In addition, it is not easy to choose, because it needs to be in harmony with the general background of the room and have a pattern of medium brightness.
The color of the fabric for upholstery or any other item in the interior of the room can be absolutely anything.
But the design on it should be neutral, since immediately striking and contrasting images on the upholstery material spoil the appearance of the finished structure.
A carriage screed will look very elegant on furniture upholstered with a plain thick fabric, as proven by the capitonné making master class shown in the video.
Thin fabrics like taffeta and silk can also be used to cover furniture, but they are unlikely to withstand the pressure of attached buttons.
Such upholstery material can tear and render the carriage screed unusable. Special meaning It even has the thickness of the elastic lining, because the geometry of the pattern on the fabric will be more embossed and luxurious if the elastic lining is dense.
When choosing carnations or buttons to decorate furniture or the interior with a carriage tie, you need to focus on the volume of the room and its design.
For example, on the upholstery material of a sofa in big room It is best to attach furniture buttons.
But the most beautiful thing on furniture is decorative nails, which make the room feel luxurious and cozy.
The carriage screed differs not only beautiful view, but also practicality. When decorating the walls with it, you can achieve additional sound insulation of the room.
Surfaces decorated with carriage screed are easy to care for. They get complete in plan design design appearance and do not require the use of any accessories, which is proven by the presented photos.
Carriage screeding with your own hands is very simple if you have experience in this matter. Therefore, before decorating with fabric and buttons large furniture, it is recommended to try attaching decorative elements to a small ottoman.
Once you have the skill to tighten buttons or hammer in decorative nails, you can begin decorating the walls or headboard.
Ready creative work, which the master talks about in the video, will never cease to please the eye, as it is one of everyone’s favorite timeless classics.
So, carriage screed is used to decorate walls, armchairs, headboards, ottomans and couches. It's not that difficult to make if you practice on something first.
Still, attaching buttons or nails that press the foam layer requires skill.
Reading time ≈ 10 minutes
In order to make a carriage screed with your own hands, you do not have to be a first-class seamstress or fashion designer, and to comprehend such techniques and technology, the article contains step-by-step instructions for working and selecting materials. Such knowledge will be useful not only to those who make upholstered furniture, but also for designers, as well as those who want to create beautiful and unusual interior in your house or apartment. In this article, of course, there will be no rules for upholstering specific furniture - this makes no sense, but principles will be shown, once you understand them, you can safely start decorating something.
Carriage tie
Beautiful wall design for office, study and living spaces
The carriage stitch, also known as the patterned stitch or capitonné, originates in the middle of the 18th century in France, but already in early XIX century is widely recognized in Europe. This decoration is characterized by a diamond-shaped or square tightening stitch, which at the corners of each figure can be decorated with soft buttons, and sometimes even with rhinestones and precious stones. But the screed reached its peak of popularity thanks to the classic English Chesterfield sofas, and therefore most people associate Capitonne not with France, but with Great Britain.
IN Russian Empire the word “capito” did not catch on and this method of decoration was called “carriage screed”, since it was used to decorate the seats in the royal carriages. Of course, fashion was picked up by nobles, and then firmly entered the houses of the noble and merchant class, and not only as a beautiful attribute, but also as comfortable furniture. Gradually, this design was supplanted by new styles and modern versions such as high-tech, cosmo, techno, minimalism and so on, there was no place for quilted furniture. However, everyone knows that the new is the well-forgotten old, and now this finishing technique is used not only for sofas and armchairs, but also for textile wall upholstery, furniture facades, panels and mattresses. You can even find this design in plumbing fixtures - these are screens for bathtubs, and also prints used to decorate walls.
Note. In addition, the textile industry produces knitted fabric using the capitonné technique, but you will learn about this below. First of all, you will be able to familiarize yourself with the work processes outlined in the step-by-step instructions for creating panels and upholstered furniture.
Selection of tools and materials
Upholstery textured fabric for upholstered furniture
When choosing for work, you should pay attention to the following materials:
- plywood, chipboard, MDF or OSB;
- textured (upholstery) fabric, natural or artificial leather (leatherette), leatherette velor, suede;
- furniture nails with decorative heads (hats) or soft buttons;
- lace, nylon threads, soft wire or fishing line;
- synthetic winterizer and/or foam rubber (foamed polyethylene, isolon);
- any glue for foam rubber.
Electric drill with Zifenbor attachment
The tools you need to prepare are:
- an electric or cordless drill with a tsifenbor attachment and thin drills Ø1.5-2 mm;
- jigsaw (preferably electric);
- marker and ruler (square);
- stapler and staples;
- crochet hook or shoe hook (you can make it yourself).
Variety of carriage coverings
Entrance door upholstered a la capitone
It is noteworthy that to make a panel with such a finish it is not necessary to use a solid piece of woven, leather or leatherette material - you can arrange several fragments with different patterns. The patterned configuration depends on the points where the foam is tightened with buttons or furniture nails. The main difference between this decor is that it is not a painted, but a relief surface, and it always has either one color or a fabric with the same (usually small) pattern such as meander, motley, ombre, rye and various checks. When choosing a fabric for upholstery, you should take into account the factor of wear resistance, for example, an armchair or chair is subject to constant mechanical contact, while panels on the walls, furniture facades, and entrance doors hardly wear out. Based on these factors, you need to select the material by density.
Soft stylish pouf a la capitone
Soft buttons or brass-headed nails can be pressed to maximum depth and this option is most suitable for decorative wall (ceiling) panels and furniture fronts. And here front door You should not decorate using this method, since foamed polyethylene is an insulator, but at maximum density this quality is lost, since the air-filled pores are canceled. The color and pattern must be selected taking into account the interior of the room and, of course, your own preferences.
Create a drawing
Working sketch of the panel with dimensions
In fact, the principles of operation always remain the same, but the dimensions are necessarily different, so it is necessary to make exact calculation so that the pattern (diamonds, rectangles or squares) is symmetrical. To do this, you need to make a drawing on paper, but transfer all dimensions to scale. Let's figure out what this means in practice. In the image above you can see a working sketch for a 4700x950mm panel with a 240x240mm square stitch. To calculate any pattern on paper, it is convenient to use an A4 sheet (210×297 mm) - the main thing is to choose the right scale and in this case you can take 1:20. This means 4700/20=235 mm, 950/20=47.5 mm, although 47 mm and 240/20=12 mm can be used. Then the panel on the sheet will have dimensions of 235x47 mm, and the cell will be 12x12 mm.
Capiton options for upholstered furniture
But the pattern is not always created from rhombuses and squares, for example, as in the drawing above for the back of an armchair and sofa. The most important thing is to transfer the dimensions of the panel onto paper at a given scale so that it fits there, and then divide it into symmetrical fragments. Then geometric indicators are taken from the patterns and, multiplied by the scale ratio, transferred to a cardboard pattern. In fact, everything here is very simple, unless, of course, you make mistakes when dividing and multiplying.
Stages of carriage screed
Stylish armchair-cabinet a la Capito
- When the scaled drawing is ready, you should make a cardboard pattern based on it, marking all the points for nails or buttons on the paper. However, the same markings can be immediately made on a sheet of plywood, chipboard, MDF or OSB - this is not important and it all depends on the correct scale resolution (with exact proportions - symmetrical placement). But in this case, you will have to navigate along the back side of the panel, and this is not entirely convenient.
- A sheet of lumber is cut to the required dimensions and a foam pad of appropriate, usually the same, dimensions is glued onto it. Only the glue must be water-based or water-dispersed - otherwise it can destroy the structure of the polyethylene foam. You can choose brands such as SIMALFA, GalaxyGlue, SprayStart, Rapid, BF-6 and others. In most cases, the packaging contains instructions for use and purpose, which indicate that you can work with foam rubber. It is advisable to apply glue not only to plywood, but also to foam rubber.
Marking foam rubber through a cardboard pattern
- The next step of the carriage screed will be to mark the isolon with your own hands using a marker through a cardboard pattern, but this can only be done after the adhesive has completely dried (the timing is indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer). The photo above shows how to do this.
- Now, using a drill (screwdriver) and a Ø10-15 mm tsifenbor, make holes according to the marked guidelines.
- Next comes the stretching of the padding polyester layer over the isolon, although this is sometimes abandoned and the facing material is laid directly on the foam rubber. To me, less so, since the covering has already been done, fastening is carried out from the back with a stapler (5 or 10 mm staples are enough) - this is much better than glue, although you can combine both options.
- Holes are also made on the synthetic padding polyester, but in this case you can do without a drill and a tsifenbor, and simply cut the material crosswise with scissors or a painter or stationery knife V in the right places. These are quite acceptable conditions for further finishing. However, in some cases, synthetic winterizer is used simply as a gasket, that is, without fasteners.
- The facing fabric (any of those discussed in the “Selection of tools and materials” section) is pulled onto the panel so that there are no folds or distortions and again fixed on the reverse side with a stapler.
- Using a thin drill Ø1.5-2 mm, make holes in the fabric and plywood or MDF base (if it was not made with a Zifenbor centering drill). This is so that you can press the soft button onto the upholstery, pulling it towards the base.
- A lace (wire, nylon thread) is passed through the holes made, a button is tied, and then a leash is attached to the back of the panel with a turn. If it is a wire, then it can be easily populated without any devices, but a nylon thread or lace is pulled out using a shoemaker or crochet hook. In more detail, the entire process of creating a carriage screed at home can be seen in the video clip below.
Bed with headboard and carriage frame
Why is the carriage screed so valued?
Chic sofa in a la Capiton style
Here is a list of the main advantages relief finishing a la capitone:
- first of all, it is giving an original and stylish image to the entire interior, since not only furniture, but also walls and ceilings are subject to such finishing;
- The carriage screed allows you to zone the room. This is very convenient when combining a kitchen with a room, a room with a balcony or studio-style loggia;
- finishing walls or ceilings does not require capiton perfect alignment rough base (light plaster or putty);
- There are practically no difficulties during care. Even suede and velor can be cleaned with a regular (if necessary washing) vacuum cleaner;
- the cost of such finishing is quite acceptable.
Soft Wall panels – independent registration interior carriage screed
Woven capitonné material
Knitted capitonné fabric
The information would be incomplete without considering the knitted fabric called capiton (sometimes also called capiton). Unlike the usual diamond- or square-quilted materials, this is 100% cotton, therefore, it is inherently hypoallergenic (cannot contribute to the appearance or manifestation of allergies). To create capitone, two layers of knitwear with a thin insulating layer are used, therefore, any product made from it has low thermal conductivity. Many fashion designers use capitone for sewing demi-season and winter clothes, but this fabric is also good for sewing rugs and blankets.
Recommendation. Capitonne is a delicate fabric, so when washing items you should be extremely careful with the spin cycle (do not twist). If this is an automatic machine, then it is necessary to set the gentle mode, that is, the minimum spin speed.
Conclusion
The step-by-step instructions given in this article indicate and show the basic principles for making a carriage screed with your own hands. But before you take on the implementation of any project, it would be a good idea to practice on some kind of layout. To do this, you can use waste (trimmings) of materials, as well as rejects.
The carriage screed is quite unusual, original and very beautiful design solution, rapidly and confidently gaining widespread popularity. Using something like this design technique on the walls of the room you can create volumetric surfaces with various options drawings.
Patterns and designs are created using special buttons or nails. When finishing large premises It is better to use buttons - they fit more organically into the surrounding interior.
Carrying out a carriage screed is a rather labor-intensive job for which you need to thoroughly prepare. To implement design ideas well, you need to gain at least a little experience. However, even such a relatively complex event can be dealt with on your own.
To perform the carriage screed, special upholstery is used. Most often it is dense material or leather. Suitable as Genuine Leather, and its artificial analogue.
The owner can choose the color at his own discretion. At this point, there are no strict recommendations: focus on your own taste preferences and take into account the general style of the room, so that in the future the upholstery will harmonize well with the surrounding space.
In order to make a correct and outwardly beautiful carriage screed, even without the proper experience, you must follow the basic provisions of the instructions.
First of all, you should understand the order of the work. The principle is extremely simple: first, panels of the required size are created separately, and after all stages of decoration are completed, the finished elements are fixed to the walls in selected locations.
Almost all existing sheet materials can be used as the basis for such a decorative panel. The most commonly used materials are MDF, plywood, and less expensive chipboards.
Set for work
Prepare necessary equipment For self-execution carriage screed.
You will need:
- plywood or other sheet material of the desired shape (you can make both rectangular panels and products of some original shape);
- high-quality upholstery material. Select the amount of fabric in accordance with the size of the decorative panels. In this case, the material must be purchased with a reserve;
- foam rubber Will act as a filler. For such work, foam rubber of 5 cm thickness is sufficient. Select the size of the filler in accordance with the size of the plywood;
- glue for fixing foam rubber;
- furniture stapler;
- buttons or special nails. It is advisable to pre-cover the buttons with the same material that will be used for upholstery of decorative panels;
- strong rope for securing buttons;
- crochet hook;
- electric drill with wood drill;
- sharp knife;
- padding polyester Select the size of the foam. You will cover the filling with padding polyester.
Guide to Carriage Screed
All tools are prepared, the panel design is thought out and approved, you have selected free time and got ready to work. Get started!
First step
Cut from selected sheet material basis of the required dimensions. Sand the surface sheet panel, if necessary, and glue 5 cm of foam rubber to it.
The best option is rubber-based glue. Glue mixture coat both the panel and the foam itself. In this case, the glue must be applied in several layers so that the panel is well saturated. Each new layer of fixing composition should be applied only after the previous one has completely dried.
Attach the foam rubber to the base, press, leave the structure until completely dry, and then proceed to next stage work. Typically the glue takes about 6 hours to dry. Please check the instructions for the product you have chosen for the specific time.
Second step
Cut out a template from cardboard that will be used to create a decorative pattern of buttons or nails.
Third step
Attach the panel to the sheet base with glued foam rubber. In accordance with the template, drill holes in the places where buttons or nails will be placed. An electric drill will help you with this.
Fourth step
Place padding polyester over the workpiece with the created holes. For fixation of this material use a furniture stapler. When performing this work, the padding polyester is fixed exclusively from the inside.
Fifth step
Place your preferred upholstery material on top of the padding polyester. The upholstery is fixed according to the same principle as padding polyester. Correctly calculate your efforts in the process of tensioning the upholstery.
It is necessary to distribute the material in such a way that there are no folds on the surface, but you also cannot over-tighten the upholstery - the fillers should not be pinched. Fix the upholstery from the back of the panel.
Sixth step
Feel the upholstery material and find holes in it that were previously prepared in plywood and foam rubber using a template. At the same points, make holes in the used upholstery.
Also, the locations of the holes in upholstery fabric You can outline it at the stage of trying it on, using a previously prepared template, but this is more difficult. Without the proper experience, you can make mistakes and simply ruin the upholstery.
A needle with thread and a button passes through the upholstery
To create holes, use an electric drill and thin drill. The size of the holes should have a diameter approximately corresponding to the diameter of the crochet hook.
Seventh step
Insert a crochet hook into the prepared hole from the inside and hook a cord onto the hook to secure the decorative button.
Fix the button, and then simply stretch the rope with a lace to the wrong side and attach it to the base using a stapler. Pull the lace so tightly that the decorative button is thoroughly pressed into the fabric.
Repeat for all remaining buttons. Make sure that all buttons are pressed into the base with equal force.
Eighth step
Fix the finished decorative panel at the selected location. You can hang it on some part of the wall or attach it to the bed frame - do what is most convenient for you.
To secure the panel, attach it to back side holders. As a result, the fastening will be done using special screws.
You can also attach special hanging loops to the panels for fixation, and install hooks into the wall. Finally, all that remains is to simply hang the panel on installed mounts. Position the panel so that it completely covers the fasteners.
Carriage screed techniques are often used to decorate furniture. The principle of doing the work remains the same, with the only difference being that you will need to upholster each one with the material one by one. compound element decorated furniture.
Now you can independently make the interior of your home more attractive and unusual by adding a unique twist to it with the help of a carriage screed. If this technique is used correctly, the atmosphere will be truly unique and chic.
All you need to do is follow the recommendations received, monitor the correct execution of the carriage screed at each stage of its arrangement, and everything will definitely work out.
Good luck!
Video - Do-it-yourself carriage screed
For any interior, it is very important how the walls are finished. There are many ways to decorate walls, but carriage screed is becoming increasingly popular. It is a three-dimensional surface on which you can depict various and very attractive designs. Such designs are made using nails that are topped with decorative caps (buttons can be used in this regard). If there is a question about choice, then in a large room it is recommended to give preference to buttons.
The carriage screed on the walls adds sophistication to the kitchen, and it is also pleasant to lean on the soft surface of the wall during lunch.
It is noteworthy that a carriage tie can be done with your own hands without much difficulty.
Foam rubber of the required thickness is glued to a sheet of plywood or chipboard.
When the carriage screeds the walls, then outer side can be made from natural fabric; artificial leather and any fabric with sufficient density can be used for these purposes.
As for the color, you can choose almost any one, which is why carriage wall screed is so popular among lovers of original design.
In order to make a carriage screed with your own hands, you need to put in a lot of effort. There is nothing particularly complicated in this matter, but you must be careful, do everything exactly according to the instructions, and then everything will work out at the highest level.
Mark the places where the buttons are attached.
You will need to stock up on the following tools:
- With a hammer.
- Stapler.
- Electric drill.
- With a tape measure.
- Scissors.
Instructions for action
Drill holes using a drill.
- It is very important to note that the panel on which it is planned to create the carriage screed is created separately from the wall. As a basis, you can use a wide variety of materials, which are sheets. It can be plywood, chipboard and MDF. Panel in mandatory need to be adjusted to required sizes, after that a sheet of foam rubber is glued to it. The use of nitro glue for these purposes is absolutely unacceptable, since it has the property of corroding the entire material. In this regard, it is best to use rubber glue, which is based on rubber. Glue must be applied to the panel and to the foam in 2 layers. It must be taken into account that the next layer of glue should be applied only after the first layer is completely dry.
- After applying the second layer, the foam is securely attached to the panel (this may require 6 hours); design templates, which are made using thick paper, must be applied to the materials. Holes are cut out on the template; they need to be drawn with a pencil on the foam surface. Then you need to mark places on the material and drill holes with the appropriate tool (the tool should have one or two cutting blades).
- When all the holes are prepared, the foam rubber must be covered with padding polyester. Where there are holes in the foam rubber, you need to make holes in the padding polyester. After this, the resulting structure should be covered with a pre-selected material, it also needs to be fixed to inside panels with a stapler. The material must be stretched with maximum evenness, there should be no folds, but compression should also not be allowed.
We stretch the fabric and use a drill to drill holes in it.
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