Fastening with anchor bolts to concrete. Types of anchor bolts, their sizes and installation

Fastenings using various types of anchors are characterized by specialists as connections that can provide reliable retention of heavy loads. After deepening into a pre-prepared hole, the worker, depending on the tasks assigned, chooses the best way to fasten anchor bolt. After the assessment, when the selected surface areas are suitable for organizing a point that provides fastening of anchor devices, the point is arranged with subsequent fastening of the equipment.

The use of anchor supports is necessary when using a rope movement system when carrying out installation and construction work at height, fixing slings for positioning and holding the worker without slipping and jerking. The strength of the connection allows the use of anchor points and lines to ensure the installation of collective and individual protective equipment, making it possible to safely carry out installation work on products and maintenance of devices located at height.

Using a kit for fastening to anchor supports, it is possible to install the coupling on power transmission line supports and wind the free length of the optical cable onto the frame. This type of connection is used to ensure the safety of work performed at height according to the permit. To carry out such activities, a permit is required, issued by a labor protection specialist and endorsed officials from among the managers, and the work itself is carried out by a group of workers under the leadership of foremen and supervisors.

The most widely used are anchor bolts that have a spacer operating principle based on the expansion of the rear section of the sleeve when a cone-shaped sleeve is screwed into it. Among known species anchors, experts call driven, expanding, chemical, expansion and wedge structures. Each of them ensures reliable retention of the fastening part due to the use of the friction force between the contact surfaces of the bolt and the installation area, the thrust force, which ensures compensation of the effective stress by the resistance of the metal of the product. Increasing the diameter of the spacer sleeve when screwing a bolt into it provides reliable connection due to the combined action of thrust and friction forces.

Experts emphasize the importance of choosing the right type of anchor, based on studying the manufacturer’s documents that determine the specifics of each type of product. since the reliability of the system largely depends on building material, used at the bolt attachment point. Proper execution fastening is necessary to avoid destruction during operation of the parts that make up the connection, to ensure comfortable work in the support. Such a connection will ensure safety when working at heights, fastening heavy static (horizontal bars) and dynamic (diamond drilling rigs) structures.

Types of anchor fastening

As noted above, right choice the place where the anchor point of attachment is made plays important role in the process of ensuring worker safety. It is possible to assess when the selected areas are suitable for installing anchorage points by the load they can withstand; each of them must withstand a weight of at least 22 kN. To ensure reliable connection, the anchor point used to fasten the equipment can be connected to the load-bearing elements of the building, pre-assembled metal structures. After drilling the hole and installing the anchor, kits are used to secure the safety structures to the anchor supports. The standard kit used for anchor type fastening includes:

3 anchors;
threaded rod;
punch for making a recess;
nuts that require the use of an open-end wrench.

Additionally, the kit used for fastening to anchor supports may include a washer and a punch to ensure wedging when using an anchor of the appropriate design. In addition, a kit for anchoring may include a larger number of bolts, but in this case the cost of one set increases. The kit providing fastening of security systems to anchor supports includes an anchor clamp, steel cable small size, wedges and bracket, providing the ability to mount up to 3 clamps.

Structurally, an anchor bolt with a nut is a stud with a thread on one side, with which the nut is screwed on, and the other end is made in the form of a spacer cone. When tightening the nut, the spacer-type bushing, on the side surfaces of which there are slots, expands, forming “petals” that ensure a reliable connection with the support surface.

Note! Before attaching anchor bolts, the concrete surface is drilled, and the drill, with the exception of cases of impact-type bolts, corresponds to the diameter of the anchor used.

Anchors used to fasten parts of geogrids are mounted around the perimeter of each of the mounted modules. The anchor for fastening the geogrid is installed according to a pre-approved diagram, so that the tension lines provided resemble a rectangle.

Manufacturers present high requirements to the quality of products, checking the strength of elements necessary to ensure safety, excluding their damage, breakage or failure. When using rope access systems when ascending or descending planes, as well as performing installation work It is prohibited to use only one rope. To provide safe operation flexible anchor lines, the correct answer when asked by the instructor about the specifics of use is the need to use limiters at the end to prevent the descent from passing the end of the rope. Permissible impacts are determined effective load in operating structures. In turn, workers receive a work permit by giving the correct answers after preliminary instruction.

Impact method

The use of this method involves the use of drive-in type anchors and is characterized by ease of installation and reliability of the resulting connection. However, the method has limitations regarding the possibility of using it exclusively when working with materials with high strength values, for example, concrete, solid brick or stone.

Before attaching a drive-in anchor bolt, it is necessary to drill a hole whose diameter corresponds to the parameters of the bolt used.
After this, it is necessary to clean the prepared hole from debris and dust.
On next stage a hammer-type bolt is installed in the hole.
Using a hammer and other tools, such as a bit or a special wedging structure, the striker is inserted into the conical hole. At the same time, the sliding part of the bolt opens, providing support against the walls of the prepared hole.
At the last stage, the parts are fastened using a pin or bolt.

Expandable design

The design of the expansion bolt has the form of a cylindrical rod in which 3-4 segments independent of each other are located. In the upper part, the segments are held by a ring; at the bottom there is a spring with high elasticity. Elements of this type are used for fastening massive structures into materials made of brick, rock, and concrete. When using fastenings to hold structures whose weight is below average, it is permissible to make connections into a brick (silicate type) wall, limestone and cellular concrete.

Before attaching the fastening anchor bolts, it is necessary to first mark and drill the hole before installing the fixing element. After this, a sleeve of the product is mounted into the wall; when a pin or bolt is screwed into it, the spacer element moves to the rear section of the fixture, thereby ensuring high pull-out strength of the connection.

An anchor bolt with a ring is a pin, at the end of which there is a ring and a threaded thread. When the pin is turned during tightening, the spacer element moves, ensuring that the segments diverge in opposite directions. A product of this type is used when it is necessary to permanently fasten structures of heavy or medium weight, for example, to stretch cables.

Wedge design

A wedge-shaped anchor is a pin, at one end of which there is a wedging coupling, which ensures strong installation of the product in stone, solid brick, and reinforced concrete. On the other side there is a thread, when moving the nut along which when tightening the structure, the coupling wedges. The device is used when installing mounted equipment, pipe and cable communications, load-bearing consoles and is used when it is necessary to ensure high fastening strength.

How to install an anchor bolt

Before attaching an anchor bolt with a nut, it is necessary to drill a hole, the diameter of which must be equal to the thread parameter. After cleaning the hole from dust, the anchor is installed in it, with the conical part directed inside the hole, the length of which is slightly greater than minimum depth for anchoring. Using a hammer, the anchor is inserted until the required installation depth is reached, after which the nut is tightened.

After ensuring the required tightening torque, which is best controlled using a torque wrench, the nut is unscrewed, a suspended structure (for example, a stand for diamond drilling) is installed on the stud, and the nut is tightened.

Chemical anchor, fastening with glue

Fastenings based on filling the inside of a metal rod embedded in the wall are used to provide strong connections in stone, brick, sandstone, shell rock, limestone, and cellular concrete. Such connections involve the use of chemical anchors, for example the popular all-season type moment fastener CF900. A metal insert, which is a reinforcement rod, a threaded stud or a sleeve with a thread on the inner surface, goes deep into a prepared hole, the diameter of which exceeds the anchor parameter by 2 mm. After this, a capsule with glue based on polyester, polyurethane or acrylic resinous substances, a hardener and filler in the form of sand is inserted into the sleeve. Then the glass cylinder is destroyed and the metal rod and wait for the binder to set.

Calculation of anchors

Performing a pull-out test on connections is often performed on site. Permissible load will depend on the base material, for example:

When installing massive structures at height, the required tensile strength should be about 700 kg, which is why experts recommend using chemical types of anchors for such fastenings.
When using concrete or brick as a base, the average load is about 350 kg, this value is sufficient for fastening medium and heavy structures.
When using foamed concrete, the load it can withstand will be about 250 kg.

In addition to calculating the load-bearing capacity of the elements used, it is necessary to ensure right moment tightening threaded connections. If the tightening is insufficient, there may be no frictional force in the connection; if the recommended values are exceeded, there will be a possibility of material destruction due to overpressure on the base.

Anchors for concrete are special fasteners necessary for reliable fixation of various objects and elements on concrete structures. Fastening elements are used where the strength of the walls does not allow the use of screws or nails. Usually, equipment and furniture are attached to walls in this way; they are also relevant for installing doors and windows.

Externally, a concrete anchor looks like a bolt. Made from galvanized or of stainless steel in the shape of a cylinder with a cone-shaped extension at the end of the mount. The spacer part opens into the concrete after installation and ensures maximum density between the elements and guarantees reliability.

The concrete anchor is installed in the hole the right size. The high holding capacity of the anchor is ensured by frictional force, gluing with special staff, interaction of the thrust element with the inner walls of the hole.

Working principle and application

Concrete is a porous material with a heterogeneous structure. And in the places of fastening, various forces appear - twisting, bending, shearing, shearing, compression, tearing. The concrete anchor takes over them, distributing them together with the supporting structure.

Basic principles of operation of concrete anchors:

At the moment of interaction between the base material and the anchor, a frictional force appears - the expansion is carried out with dowels and metal collets.
When, at the depth of anchoring, the material resists fracture or crushing - due to the collet bushings on the fasteners, curved shape rod, extension.
Loads at the point of contact between the base and the rod are compensated by tangential stresses during embedding or gluing - this is how smooth, adhesive anchors work.

Anchors for concrete can be different designs, various types, sizes. They are made from special steel according to GOST and coated with a layer of anti-corrosion agent. The rod can be 6-20 millimeters in diameter and up to 220 millimeters long.

Any anchor includes the following parts:

The bolt itself
Cone with a layer of thread inside
Bushing with special cutouts

Anchors perform a constructive or load-bearing function. The load-bearing function is implemented in cases of connecting floor slabs, beams, columns, balcony consoles, landings and flights, finishing and wall panels, engineering equipment, communications, hoods, ceiling lamps etc. Anchors are also used for installing joists on concrete or hollow-core floors. They are used to attach electrical equipment and hanging furniture to walls.

Structural fasteners are used to counteract the displacement of parts of the assembly if their stability is guaranteed by their own weight; anchors are also relevant when straightening in construction.

Types and types of anchors and methods of their fastening

Anchors for concrete can be very different, using one or more acting forces - emphasis, intermolecular bonding during the gluing process, friction, bending, compression, etc. Depending on their purpose, concrete anchors can be frame, ceiling, foundation or universal. In shape - curved and straight, with a prefabricated or solid structure.

The surface of the anchor can be corrugated or smooth. Exist different types fasteners depending on the contact area - those that are used for porous materials and for dense ones. According to the installation method, anchor fasteners for concrete may involve through connection, gluing, hammering, screwing, etc.

The material from which the hardware is made is of great importance. If it is steel of strength class 6.8 or higher, coated with an anti-corrosion coating, then the fastening will be as strong as possible. But brass will not withstand serious vertical loads.

Spacers

Expansion anchors for concrete are usually used with nuts, here the working force is the friction force. They are a small threaded pin with a cone-shaped tip and a sleeve. When the fastener is screwed into the base, it wedges and firmly holds the fastener in the monolith.

The main advantages of such anchors: the ability to perform through installation, lightness and simplicity of installation, excellent load-bearing capacity. Wedge anchors are chosen mainly for dense concrete; they sink deeply and cannot be used a second time.

If a hook (bracket) is installed at the end of the anchor bolt instead of a nut, the fastening is suitable for attachments. Wedge anchors come in sleeve and sleeve types. Such a bolt looks like a sleeve with special cutouts; at the end it can be made with a stud with a conical extension or a wedging nut. Used for medium and high density. Small area contact even with minimum diameter The product makes it possible to withstand significant loads.

The anchor bolt with nut can be electrogalvanized (KA), hot-dip galvanized (HAK), and also have acid-resistant properties (KAN). This also includes screw anchors made of stainless steel (RAR).

Drivers

Drive-in concrete anchors are chosen for dense concrete. These are short bolts with an internal cone and metric thread. The fastener wedges the base when a pin or bolt is screwed into the concrete; the fastener does not protrude onto the surface.

Installation of anchors in concrete using this type of bolts is relevant when installing ducts, ceiling air ducts, installing engineering equipment. Before driving an anchor into a concrete wall, drill a corresponding hole. Then they hammer in the hardware, use a punch-rim to wedge it, and screw in a threaded rod of the required length.

This type of anchor includes a dowel-nail and a ceiling anchor. It is convenient to attach suspensions, slats, and Armstrong ceilings to them. Fasteners are often used as fireproof or vandal-proof, since the bolt is non-removable.

Frame

Used for fastening door and window frames. The sleeve is made with a cut along its length; a small wedging nut, during the tightening process, presses the structure well against the opening, bringing it to the desired position. To protect against displacement and rotation around its own axis, there are stops at the top of the sleeve.

Self-tapping screws for concrete

Here, the reliability of the connection is ensured by threads running along the entire length of the bolt. During the process of screwing into concrete base a powerful resistance to tearing or shearing of the product is created. Therefore, when using this type of fastener, a very high load-bearing capacity is observed. The self-tapping screw can easily take up to 100 kilograms of load, is very reliable in operation and easy to install.

Expanding

In everyday life, this type of anchor is called a “butterfly” (aka Molly bolt). Used for mounting cornices, shelves, lamps, paintings and other elements in hollow structures with low load-bearing capacity. The collet on the screw or bolt is made in the form of a wedging skirt, which, in the process of screwing the rod into the base, rests against the inside of the base cavity. By outside Collets are embedded in concrete with special spikes that prevent the bolt from moving or turning during installation.

Chemical anchor

The anchor bolt for concrete is made in the format of a semi-liquid mass that quickly hardens. It is with this mass that the bolt or pin is glued into the monolith. Thanks to the composition, it is possible to ensure a reliable connection between the base and the bolt without local or point stresses, but with a uniform distribution of the load along the entire length of the fastener.

Chemical anchors for concrete do not provoke internal stress at all, significantly reducing the risk of destruction and deformation.

Dimensions and characteristics of anchor bolts

Before deciding which anchor is best for concrete in performing specific tasks, it is necessary to consider not only the variety of designs, but also the sizes, because fasteners can be of different lengths and diameters.

Classification of anchors by size:

Small – cross-section up to 8 millimeters/length up to 55
Medium anchors – up to 12/120 millimeters
Large - with maximum dimensions diameter 24 and length 220 millimeters

An anchor bolt for concrete can have different sizes: the characteristics are determined by three indicators. So, if we decipher the marking M8 10/60-115, then it will be: the diameter of the thread of the anchor M8, the outer diameter 10 (this is the diameter with which the hole for fastening is drilled, this is the diameter of the drill), the length of the anchor is 115 millimeters, the approximate thickness of the element that it is planned to strengthen - 60 millimeters.

All specifications anchors are indicated in the table, this can be weight, maximum torque and permissible bending moment, minimum pull-out force, optimal loads, distance between axes and to the edge, etc. In accordance with all these parameters, suitable products are selected and high-quality fastening to concrete with anchors.

Installation instructions

Before fixing the anchor bolt in concrete, you need to prepare the tools. To complete the work you will need: wrench, construction vacuum cleaner, drill with hammer function or hammer drill, concrete drill, hammer.

Drilling

First, the base is carefully marked for future drilling locations. Here you need to do everything as accurately as possible, since after installation it is not possible to remove the anchor bolt from the concrete - the fixation is very strong. Next, according to the markings, holes of the required length are drilled in the concrete (measured along the spacer part of the bolt), installing a limiter on the drill.

The distance from the edge of the wall should be at least 2.5 times the depth of the hole. Next, the holes need to be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner, compressed air from a spray can, with a rubber bulb. If you cannot remove the crumbs without leaving a residue, you can deepen the hole by 1-2 centimeters.

Installation of anchor with nut

The spacer part of the bolt is inserted into the base and driven in with a hammer until it is completely immersed in the concrete (so that the edges are flush with the wall). Then a threaded rod or bolt is inserted, the nut is tightened, twisting as much as necessary so that further turning is impossible.

It is advisable to learn in advance how to use a specific type of fastener. Manufacturers may set the maximum torque, in which case a torque wrench will be needed. Tightening all the way when working with some substrates (aerated concrete, foam concrete) can cause deformation and destruction of the material.

Chemical anchor installation

To install chemical fasteners in concrete, you need a slightly modified set of tools: you will need a hammer drill, a wrench, a construction vacuum cleaner, as well as threaded rods, glue or capsules, mounting gun. For a large number of fasteners, glue is chosen; the choice of capsules (ampoules) is relevant where small volumes of work are planned.

First, mark the base, drill and clean the holes. Before pouring the adhesive solution into the concrete, it is advisable to screw in a mesh sleeve, thanks to which the chemical substance will be retained inside. Then you need to fill the holes 2/3 with glue (using a mounting gun) or install the capsules, insert the pin, gradually screwing it in to evenly distribute the adhesive. Now you need to wait until the glue dries and only then tighten the nut with a wrench.

Pros and cons of use

The main advantages of using anchor bolts for concrete are maximum reliability and strength of structures. Anchors can withstand enormous loads and guarantee high-quality fastening in concrete with characteristics that cannot be achieved using other types of fasteners.

The main advantages of concrete anchors:

Resistance to deformation and corrosion
Lightness, simplicity and high speed of installation
Resistance to dynamic and static loads of various types
Large selection of anchors by length, diameter, type of fastening, load, function, shape, material, etc.

Selecting an anchor bolt for a particular task is not difficult. There are no obvious disadvantages to this type of fastener. Unless you need to remember some features: the importance of marking accuracy, correct selection drills for concrete and determining the depth of the hole, the need to use a certain set of tools.

For foam concrete

Foam concrete is used today in many areas due to its poor flammability, low density, excellent thermal insulation properties and resistance to material temperature changes. The structure of the foam block consists of a large number of frozen bubbles. Screws, dowels, and self-tapping screws can be used to fasten the material. The highest level of reliability is provided by plastic and chemical anchors.

For aerated concrete

For aerated concrete, wedge anchors with a length of at least 10-15 centimeters are chosen. With this fastening it is possible to achieve maximum reliability and strength, taking into account the porous structure of the material. A chemical anchor also provides strong fixation.

How to install an anchor bolt in concrete

The whole process is quite simple, the main thing is to take the measurements correctly and implement everything as accurately as possible. But there are several nuances that need to be taken into account.

Practical tips for installing anchors in concrete:

The strength of the fastener is influenced not only by the anchor, but also by the quality of the base material (concrete in in this case), proper preparation for installation, taking into account the material of the attached structure and the design of the bolt itself.
If a layer of finish is applied to the wall, the hole must be deeper because the finish is usually less durable than concrete.
It is advisable to take a drill 0.5 millimeters thinner than the diameter of the future hole.
When working with a hammer drill, it is best to use a tip made of a special carbide material.
Read the instructions carefully - the packaging with anchors must indicate the permissible force and maximum number rpm
When screwing the anchor into, under no circumstances should you twist it all the way, as the material may collapse.

Eternal fastener: concrete dowel

A dowel is a spacer element made of polypropylene or nylon, which is similar in function and performance to an anchor. It cannot be used independently; it is fixed in concrete with special nails or self-tapping screws. To strengthen the fixation, it is often performed with spikes or antennae.

This type of fastening is used where there are not too large loads on the concrete - fastening shelves, TV hooks, lighting fixtures. The dowels are driven into the concrete wall with a hammer, and the screws are screwed in with a screwdriver or screwdriver. You will also need a regular hammer to drive in nails.

You can also find dowel nails designed for use with a mechanical gun. The fasteners in concrete are made of metal; in appearance, they somewhat resemble a bullet. Relevant where you need to hang a large number of small items.

Concrete dowel: fast but durable

Pins are those that are most often used for arranging fasteners near the edges of a concrete wall. The fastener does not require additional fixation; it is screwed into the hole, where a little epoxy glue is first poured. There is no need to drill holes - the dowel can be screwed directly into the concrete wall. If you still need to make a hole in concrete, then it is better to choose a drill (a hammer drill can damage the wall).

They screw it in with a screwdriver - and after that it is no longer possible to unscrew the dowel back. Therefore, preliminary marking must be done especially carefully.

Conclusion

The variety of anchors for concrete foundations today is simply huge - a wide range is offered by many manufacturers. Therefore, choosing the right type of anchor in accordance with the type of base, expected loads, length, shape, material and other parameters is not difficult. Further, everything depends on the accuracy of the measurements and the quality of the work performed by the master.

An anchor is a fastening element made of metal material, is introduced into and there retains an object, which thanks to it is fixed. This type of fastener has recently become in great demand. Installing anchor bolts into the wall acts as an anchor. Thanks to this, they are able to withstand incredible loads. This makes it possible to use them to fasten heavy structures and individual objects. Not long ago, nails and screws were available to secure something to a stone surface. Now everything has changed, and this type of fastener is a thing of the past. More convenient and adapted anchors for this process successfully replace them.

How can you securely, with great effect and very quickly secure certain objects to the wall? Anchors are an excellent solution here; you can hammer or screw whatever you want into the concrete base.

Characteristic

The anchor has a thread inside; it is into this that the fasteners must be screwed. When building a house or renovating an apartment, anchor bolts are the best anchor; they will not guide you accurately, and it is impossible to replace them with something similar. Installation using these bolts will be quick and easy.

Types of anchors

They are widely used for dense materials. For example, concrete, brick. They are also good for working with drywall. They can be used almost everywhere - if you need to hang a shelf, a cabinet, a picture, or arrange suspended ceiling. In all these labor-intensive processes Anchors will be required. The most commonly used are mechanical anchors that can be held by a stop or by friction.

During construction or for everyday needs, it is necessary to attach various kinds of objects and structures for installation. There are various fasteners for these purposes. To work with concrete or brick, you need special anchors, and when wood blanks are used, then self-tapping screws for wood. Anchors will help to strengthen the heaviest structures well. For example, it could be a water heater, wall bars, children's swing to the ceiling.

By itself, such a bolt is nothing special. This is a fairly simple connection of bolt, nut and housing. There is a plastic lining to prevent moisture from penetrating. The bolts operate on a simple expansion principle. When the bolt is tightened, the nut at the end is pushed inside. This causes the body to increase in size due to expansion and is driven tightly into the concrete.

Varieties

These bolts have some pretty stringent requirements because people have to trust that this fastener is secure due to the weight they are putting on it. Therefore, when choosing these products, choose those that are made in accordance with GOST. In the construction market there are the following types anchor bolts:

Solid bolt

The bolt is one-piece - a head with six sides, a cone nut. Here the nut is a spacer that expands the pipe. It itself is soldered to the tip - it has a nut with a washer. When they begin to tighten the bolt, it immediately enters the pipe, thereby expanding it.
Wedge. This is a rod made of metal material with a large cap. A wedge emerges from it and enters the rod upon impact. By doing this, it increases the area of the part that is placed in the concrete hole.
With spacer, shock. When a nail is driven in, it expands and becomes firmly attached to the stone.
Double spacer with nut. This fastener is used for massive objects and for critical work. Accordingly, this is the most reliable fastening element. It becomes wider in two places at once. These spacers are located at the end of the tube and at the junction of two sections of the cylinder. The elements are designed in such a way that when the nut is tightened, its parts are pulled into each other.
Driven. Fasteners are driven into the wall hole. Already during this, it increases in width and grabs onto the stone. When the bolt is tightened, it expands even further. This type of bolt can be installed the fastest.
Four-piece expansion joint. Its parts are independent of each other and form cylindrical shape in the assembly. At the top there is a part with a ring, and at the other end there is a spring fixation. When it is twisted, the action of a spacer with four edges begins at the cylinder. She unclenches these segments, after which they are pressed against the wall along the entire length. It uses not a bolt, but rods with a ring or a hook.

From the descriptions it is clear that the first two anchors operate in the same way. The difference between them is in the mobility of the elements. If the first one has a cone nut, then the second one has a bolt. The first two types of fasteners are standard options. Already on their main base it appears to the rest the lineup these bolts. The simplest and most convenient of them are anchors with a hook and a ring. Because when the nut is tightened, then the bolt is immediately firmly fixed in the hole in the wall.

Mounting method

There is nothing easier than fixing an anchor bolt to the wall. You just need to drill a hole in concrete wall. Its diameter must exactly match the bolt. Then you need to insert the bolt itself and attach it. The anchor does not need to be disassembled; it is completely inserted in the same form in which it is sold. Some people take them apart for some reason and then try to put them back together. The anchor with the nut is disassembled, and then only by twisting the nut and that’s it. When the anchor is in the wall, it must be screwed clockwise. Having used such fasteners, you can immediately understand how fast, convenient and reliable it is.

Using them to help, you can hang lighting, install interior doors, perform finishing work. Based on the fact that such a mount is designed for heavy loads, it is produced from high-strength steel. This type of mount is fairly easy to make. The bolt in the wall is securely fastened. This is all thanks to gluing, abutment, and friction - the key to reliable fastening. These principles operate both together and separately, without affecting the strength one bit. Absolutely every man can fix an anchor bolt with his own hands.

Installation of anchor bolts

Installation Rules

The steps during installation of anchor bolts are the same as with dowels. This is not difficult to do, although their design looks quite complicated. There are just some peculiarities. The instructions for attaching the anchor bolts are as follows:

You will need a drill of the required diameter, which must be inserted into the hammer drill.
Drill the passage, clear it of debris.
Drive in the bolt and tighten it with a wrench until it is firmly fixed in the base.

There are also a small number of rules that you need to remember and know:

Install the bolt anchor in hollow brick forbidden.
For installation, use a size of up to eight millimeters.
When the hole cannot be cleaned, you should drill it twenty centimeters further.

The tools for this work will require a drill and a hammer drill with drills, an open-end wrench, and a hammer.

Concrete is much stronger than most other materials. Therefore, it will take some force to make a hole in it. Drills must be coated with durable alloys. Using a simple drill will not work if you need straight edges. In this case, you will have to resort to a hammer drill.

Bolt installation

Installed bolt in structure

For example, in foundation construction, there are several ways to install an anchor. The main ones are:

Basically, the installation of bolts in the foundation occurs before pouring concrete. When the reinforcement frame is installed, the curved anchors are secured by welding. It is very important to control their vertical location, the distance between them and in the foundation. Once they are secured, the threads must be covered, for example, with polyethylene. Then the concrete will not get into the threads.
It will be easier to install anchors in poured concrete. And there you can control all the necessary parameters.
To make the anchor straight, you need to drill a hole of a suitable diameter in the foundation, get rid of dust and concrete. Insert a straight anchor there and fill the voids with glue.
A conical anchor is installed in the same way as a straight one. Afterwards, do not forget to tighten the nut on the stud.

Before choosing one anchor or another, decide on the fastening method. At the same time, be sure to remember about the future load. For the sake of reliability and quality, you should not purchase a smaller fastener diameter. Choose those manufacturers in whom you are confident, who produce products according to GOST standards.

What to pay attention to

The method of work for installing anchors is to comply with tightening standards. Some manufacturers in their catalogs provide recommendations for tightening anchor fasteners. With little it will be absent important force friction, when high, the pressure on the base increases. Because of this, there is a possibility of destruction.

It is important to follow the installation of chemical anchors. The steel pin should fit into the hole with a screwdriver. This is important for thoroughly mixing all the elements of the composition. When using injections with the composition, the already mixed composition enters the hole. When inserting a pin, it must be screwed. If the compound does not come out of the hole, then you need to remove the pin and add more compound. Chemical substance should harden. This takes about 40 minutes, depending on the air temperature.

Finally, I would like to add that the installation of anchor bolts in the wall should be carried out according to strict rules, because they carry a lot of responsibility for supporting heavy weights. Such fasteners appeared not so long ago, but are already extremely popular and in demand in the construction market. They are relatively inexpensive, but have unique versatility and high reliability.

Set of tools

Installation Procedure

drill with a set of drills;
hammer drill with a set of drills;
open-end wrench;
hammer.

Varieties

Load bearing capacity

Connection reliability

Breakout calculation.

http://youtu.be/9qMnLymGvzE

Installation of accessories

Installation of chemical anchor.

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How to install anchor bolts in concrete?

A real anchor bolt is always installed before concreting begins and is installed on the basis of drawings, and not only construction drawings, but it would also be a good idea to look at the equipment, at least see the equipment passport, and also better diagram installation of equipment. Then we take a drawing, a tape measure, a level, looking at the drawing using a tape measure we measure the exact distance from the axes, using a level we check the position of the anchor in height. And only after checking the correct installation of the anchor several times, we fix it in the structure. If there is no special method of fastening in the drawing, then the anchors are usually welded to reinforcement cage. Then we wrap it on top with film so that God forbid we don’t stain the threads with concrete, fill the structure, wait at least a week until the concrete gains more or less strength, remove the film, if the strength of the concrete allows, then install equipment or mount columns, depending on what the anchor is for. . This is a real anchor bolt and it is made by real builders. Any equipment can be mounted on such anchor bolts within 20 minutes, fits like a glove, such anchors can withstand exactly the load for which they are designed. All that remains is to tighten the nuts and hand over the equipment according to the certificate. All other anchors are not real and are not made by real builders and therefore they are only suitable for domestic needs because any method of installing such anchors does not provide reliable operation anchors and under critical equipment such anchor bolts are not installed. There are many ways to install fake anchors: you can use the option that fktif indicated with pictures, you can gouge a hole, install an anchor bolt, then fill this hole with concrete, you can install the anchor in the hole previously left for it and fill it with super-duper resins or adhesives instead of concrete, but anyway, such an anchor will only work halfway.

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High-quality installation of anchors in concrete

Until recently, only screws or nails could be used for fastening to hard surfaces. But now this method of fastening is practically a thing of the past; it is being replaced by much more suitable anchors for this purpose.

The bolt is the most powerful fastening element, an order of magnitude higher than dowels with screws.

How can you quickly and efficiently secure objects to the wall? Only with the help of anchors - they can be hammered or screwed into the base.

This is a metal part that is inserted into a solid base, where it expands and holds the object that is secured with its help.

There is a thread inside into which the mount must be screwed. Both during repairs and during construction, anchor bolts are a reliable “anchor” that is difficult to replace with anything. Installation using them is quick and easy.

This type of fastener is used with great success for dense materials, such as solid brick or concrete, as well as for softer ones - plasterboard, for example. Installing a shelf or hemming a suspended ceiling, hanging a cabinet or a picture on a concrete wall - bolts are required for all these manipulations. Mechanical ones are used most often. They can be held either by friction or by abutment.

Set of tools

Installation Procedure

For similar work The following tools are needed:

drill with a set of drills;
hammer drill with a set of drills;
open-end wrench;
hammer.

Concrete materials are much denser than most construction products. It will take some effort to make a hole in them. Drills must be coated with special strength alloys. In order to make a hole for a bolt with smooth edges, simple drill will not work, it is best to use a hammer drill.

To properly secure a bolt, the hole in the concrete must be made smooth and its diameter must match the outer diameter of the bolt. In no case does the anchor need to be disassembled - it is inserted entirely “as is”. Some people still try to take it apart and then insert it. But this can only be done when an anchor with a nut is used, and even in this case you can only twist the nut, nothing more. When the bolt is inserted into the hole, it must be tightened clockwise. For the installation to be successful, you need to select fasteners depending on the weight of the attached structure. It should be optimal in both diameter and length.

Varieties

The design of the bolts differs somewhat from each other.

Each type is designed for a specific load,

Klinova. When installing it, a hole is drilled in the concrete where the anchor will be driven. The wedge bolt has an important difference from others: it is the only type of such fasteners without a jacket. There is a wedge inside the bushing that expands when screwed in. After the wedge fastening element is driven in, it is necessary to tighten the nut, which, due to the expansion of the sleeve, secures the rod. The wedge bolt is used for fastening various heavy structures, cable routes, fences, and load-bearing elements.
Spacer. This type is considered the most common in construction. It is produced with a length of 2-12 cm and a diameter of 0.4-2 cm. The spacer bolt has a sleeve that runs along the entire rod. There is a thread inside it; a wedge-shaped head is mounted on it, which, in the process of twisting, expands the sleeve. This way the fastener is fixed. The most effective use of such a fastening element will be for concrete and solid brick. There are also anchor models that are designed for use in hollow materials. It should be mounted in a hole that is pre-drilled in the material in compliance with the required diameter and depth.
Expandable. Inside this element there is a sleeve with several petals and an expanding nut. When twisted, it will push the petals apart. Installing such an element in concrete is quite practical.
Driven. Its bushing has an internal wedge and special cutouts, thanks to which the bushing will expand when the bolt is struck. The blows are applied to the anchor (the wedge rests against the bottom of the hole) or to the wedge using a mandrel, which is inserted into the product itself. The use of a hammer will be necessary in any case to install the fastener. Driven bolts can be metal or polymer - the principle of operation will be the same as that of expansion bolts. Nylon ones have a difference in the form of a special screw with a thread in the shape of a shark tooth, due to which it will have an advantage during installation. Drive-in fasteners for concrete surfaces are used quite often - this seems to be the case in most cases. the best option.
Chemical. All previous types are attached mechanically, chemical ones stick to the material. The briquette with glue is inserted into the hole made by the tools, then pressed down with an anchor. The bolt is securely fixed with glue.

Load bearing capacity

Performance characteristics of fastenings at a standard embedment depth in a base made of heavy concrete B20 (C20/25).

Each type of bolt has its own load-bearing capacity, which is characterized by the load that the bolt can withstand without destruction and without violating the integrity of the bond with the material. First of all, the load-bearing capacity will depend on the material from which the fasteners are made. For this purpose they mainly use different kinds become High Quality– anti-corrosion, structural, stainless and non-ferrous metals. With the exception of brass, almost all non-ferrous metals have the lowest strength. As a rule, the load-bearing capacity is indicated on the packaging or on the product itself.

Connection reliability

Breakout calculation.

This inspection is carried out directly at the place of work. Depending on the wall material, the reliability of the connection can be determined. If the material is brick or concrete, the pullout load will be about 350 kg. For fastening fairly heavy objects, this indicator is quite enough. When the material is cellular concrete, its load will be within 230 kg. It should be borne in mind that the installation of fasteners must be carried out in accordance with the requirements and performance properties of the material. For high-rise installation, for example, this will not be enough - here it is recommended to choose chemical ones, which have a pull-out load of approximately 700 kg.

Installation of accessories

Installation of chemical anchor.

To reliably install any type of anchor, a sufficiently deep hole must be drilled in concrete, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the fastening element. The hole must then be cleaned of dust, an anchor is inserted into it, after which it must be securely fixed. Chemicals must be inserted using a gun. The adhesive mass is squeezed into the hole and the fastening element is inserted. After penetrating into the pores of the material, the glue hardens and provides good fastening. The resulting connection is so strong that it can be used without fear when installing large and massive objects.

o-cemente.info

Characteristics and installation of anchor bolts in the wall, methods

An anchor is a fastening element made of metal material that is inserted into a concrete base and holds an object there, which is secured thanks to it. This type of fastener has recently become in great demand. Installing anchor bolts into the wall acts as an anchor. Thanks to this, they are able to withstand incredible loads. This makes it possible to use them to fasten heavy structures and individual objects. Not long ago, nails and screws were available to secure something to a stone surface. Now everything has changed, and this type of fastener is a thing of the past. More convenient and adapted anchors for this process successfully replace them.

How can you securely, with great effect and very quickly secure certain objects to the wall? Anchors are an excellent solution here; you can hammer or screw whatever you want into the concrete base.

Characteristic

They are widely used for dense materials. For example, concrete, brick. They are also good for working with drywall. They can be used almost everywhere - if you need to hang a shelf, a cabinet, a picture, or arrange a suspended ceiling. All of these labor-intensive processes will require anchors. The most commonly used are mechanical anchors that can be held by a stop or by friction.

During construction or for everyday needs, it is necessary to attach various kinds of objects and structures for installation. There are various fasteners for these purposes. To work with concrete or brick, you need special anchors, and when wood blanks are used, then self-tapping screws for wood. Anchors will help to strengthen the heaviest structures well. For example, this could be a water heater, a wall bars, or a children's swing to the ceiling.

Varieties

These bolts have some pretty stringent requirements because people have to trust that this fastener is secure due to the weight they are putting on it. Therefore, when choosing these products, choose those that are made in accordance with GOST. The following types of anchor bolts are distinguished in the construction market:

The bolt is one-piece - a head with six sides, a cone nut. Here the nut is a spacer that expands the pipe. It itself is soldered to the tip - it has a nut with a washer. When they begin to tighten the bolt, it immediately enters the pipe, thereby expanding it.
Wedge. This is a rod made of metal material with a large cap. A wedge emerges from it and enters the rod upon impact. By doing this, it increases the area of the part that is placed in the concrete hole.
With spacer, shock. When a nail is driven in, it expands and becomes firmly attached to the stone.
Double spacer with nut. This fastener is used for massive objects and for critical work. Accordingly, this is the most reliable fastening element. It becomes wider in two places at once. These spacers are located at the end of the tube and at the junction of two sections of the cylinder. The elements are designed in such a way that when the nut is tightened, its parts are pulled into each other.
Driven. Fasteners are driven into the wall hole. Already during this, it increases in width and grabs onto the stone. When the bolt is tightened, it expands even further. This type of bolt can be installed the fastest.
Four-piece expansion joint. Its parts are independent of each other and form a cylindrical shape when assembled. At the top there is a part with a ring, and at the other end there is a spring fixation. When it is twisted, the action of a spacer with four edges begins at the cylinder. She unclenches these segments, after which they are pressed against the wall along the entire length. It uses not a bolt, but rods with a ring or a hook.

From the descriptions it is clear that the first two anchors operate in the same way. The difference between them is in the mobility of the elements. If the first one has a cone nut, then the second one has a bolt. The first two types of fasteners are standard options. Already on their main base the rest of the model range of these bolts is presented. The simplest and most convenient of them are anchors with a hook and a ring. Because when the nut is tightened, then the bolt is immediately firmly fixed in the hole in the wall.

Mounting method

There is nothing easier than fixing an anchor bolt to the wall. You just need to drill a hole in the concrete wall. Its diameter must exactly match the bolt. Then you need to insert the bolt itself and attach it. The anchor does not need to be disassembled; it is completely inserted in the same form in which it is sold. Some people take them apart for some reason and then try to put them back together. The anchor with the nut is disassembled, and then only by twisting the nut and that’s it. When the anchor is in the wall, it must be screwed clockwise. Having used such fasteners, you can immediately understand how fast, convenient and reliable it is.

Using them to help, you can hang lighting fixtures, install interior doors, and carry out finishing work. Based on the fact that such a mount is designed for heavy loads, it is produced from high-strength steel. This type of mount is fairly easy to make. The bolt in the wall is securely fastened. This is all thanks to gluing, abutment, and friction - the key to reliable fastening. These principles operate both together and separately, without affecting the strength one bit. Absolutely every man can fix an anchor bolt with his own hands.

Installation Rules

You will need a drill of the required diameter, which must be inserted into the hammer drill.
Drill the passage, clear it of debris.
Drive in the bolt and tighten it with a wrench until it is firmly fixed in the base.

There are also a small number of rules that you need to remember and know:

Installing a bolt anchor in hollow brick is prohibited.
For installation, use a size of up to eight millimeters.
When the hole cannot be cleaned, you should drill it twenty centimeters further.

The tools for this work will require a drill and a hammer drill with drills, an open-end wrench, and a hammer.

Bolt installation

Installed bolt in structure

For example, in foundation construction, there are several ways to install an anchor. The main ones are:

Basically, the installation of bolts in the foundation occurs before pouring concrete. When the reinforcement frame is installed, the curved anchors are secured by welding. It is very important to control their vertical location, the distance between them and in the foundation. Once they are secured, the threads must be covered, for example, with polyethylene. Then the concrete will not get into the threads.
It will be easier to install anchors in poured concrete. And there you can control all the necessary parameters.
To make the anchor straight, you need to drill a hole of a suitable diameter in the foundation, get rid of dust and concrete. Insert a straight anchor there and fill the voids with glue.
A conical anchor is installed in the same way as a straight one. Afterwards, do not forget to tighten the nut on the stud.

What to pay attention to

The method of work for installing anchors is to comply with tightening standards. Some manufacturers in their catalogs provide recommendations for tightening anchor fasteners. When it is small, there will be no important friction force; when it is large, the pressure on the base increases. Because of this, there is a possibility of destruction.

It is important to follow the installation of chemical anchors. The steel pin should fit into the hole with a screwdriver. This is important for thoroughly mixing all the elements of the composition. When using injections with the composition, the already mixed composition enters the hole. When inserting a pin, it must be screwed. If the compound does not come out of the hole, then you need to remove the pin and add more compound. The chemical must harden. This takes about 40 minutes, depending on the air temperature.

Finally, I would like to add that the installation of anchor bolts in the wall must follow strict rules, because they bear a great responsibility for supporting heavy weight. Such fasteners appeared not so long ago, but are already extremely popular and in demand in the construction market. They are relatively inexpensive, but have unique versatility and high reliability.

The anchor plays a very important role, regardless of what type of structure it is - a machine installed on a concrete floor or a bolt ladder mounted on a wall.

It provides a connection with the foundation, and if this connection turns out to be fragile, the structure is in danger of destruction, no matter how strong it is from the inside. For reliability, the anchor should be installed following a certain technology.

So, what does it take to properly and securely fasten an anchor bolt?

You need to look at the pages of an online magazine about construction and read the following step-by-step instructions

1.The chemical anchor is very strong and reliable. It can be installed in any material: brick, stone, cellular concrete, wood, etc. Since it is attached using glue, it not only does not weaken the base to which it is attached, but in many cases makes it even stronger.

To install the anchor, drill a hole of the required diameter to the required depth. We clean it with a brush, blow it with a pump or blower.

2. Fill it to 2/3 of the hole glue mixture- epoxy or polymer resin. The glue container (cartridge) can be designed in different ways - a syringe, tube, etc. The methods of mixing the adhesive components also differ. Whatever the design of the adhesive cartridge, you must act strictly according to the instructions included with the product.

3.Rotational movement install the anchor into the hole to its full depth. Remove any glue drips from the base. The time the anchor is ready to accept the load depends on the brand of glue; it is indicated in the instructions. After the specified time, any structure can be attached to the anchor.

4.Mechanical anchors are installed without glue. The principle of their operation is based on wedging the anchor sleeve inside the hole, thereby achieving its reliable fixation in the base.

We drill and clean the hole in the same way as described above. We insert a wedge anchor into the hole through the part being mounted and hammer it in with a hammer until the nut rests against the part being fixed. Tighten the nut with the necessary (but not excessive) force. As a result of tightening, the end of the anchor wedges the sleeve and is securely fixed in the hole.

5.Wedging methods may be different. If for this purpose there is a special rod inserted inside the anchor, then after installing the bolt into the hole, we hammer this rod inwards with hammer blows. Thus, we wedge the sleeve and fix the anchor in the hole.

6.To install a wedge anchor with internal thread, required special tool- a rod similar to a center punch or barb.

After the anchor is installed, we place this tool inside and use a hammer to wedge the sleeve. Then, remove the punch bit and screw the mounting screw into the threaded hole of the anchor.

7. The so-called frame anchor has two wedging zones - at the base and in the part being fixed.

We hammer the frame anchor into the base through the part to be fixed. We tighten the screw with the necessary force. In this case, first the lower part of the anchor, located at the base, will wedge, then the upper part, located in the part. As a result, the latter will be firmly attached to the base.

8. It is very convenient to use purchased products - especially if you have to install a large number of anchors. However, if necessary, a home-made device can be firmly fixed to any base - a bolt or rod of any kind.

9. Drill a hole with a diameter 1-2 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor. Clean the hole well to remove crumbs and dust. Fill the hole halfway or a little more with epoxy resin or putty with a hardener. Using a rotating motion and light blows of a hammer, install the anchor into the hole. We remove resin drips. After some time, when epoxy resin hardens a little (but not completely), level it around the anchor flush with the base. You can use this anchor in about a day.