Parquet chemicals are a group of products used to protect and decorate wooden floors, walls and ceiling coverings. This includes varnishes and paints, primers and putties, stains and tinting, adhesives, antiseptics, solvents and thinners. Most store-bought wood varnishes are usually liquid, ready-to-apply mixtures. The question arises: is it possible, and how, to dilute the varnish if it is too viscous?
When diluting varnish, it is important to maintain the correct proportions To answer this question, you need to consider several factors. First, we pay attention to the basic composition of the mixture. Secondly, we select the desired solvent. Thirdly, when mixing, we maintain proportions so as not to reduce the quality of the material. Let's take a closer look at how you can dilute thickened varnish and how to do it correctly? And also, what should I use to remove the old protective coating from wood and how should I care for the tool?
Dilute, dilute or dissolve
At first glance, there is no difference. By using special means we bring the varnish substance to " working condition" A solvent is a liquid that dissolves dried varnish, bringing it from a solid to a liquid state. We use a thinner if we need to change (reduce) the viscosity of paints.
Some types of organic eluents perform both roles, but some may be effective in one task and completely useless in another. For example, white spirit can be used to dilute compositions of polyurethane, alkyd and oil groups. But if the varnish has dried, it will not be possible to dissolve it with white spirit.
White spirit can be used to thin some varnishes. But shellacs, on the contrary, are equally dissolved and diluted with denatured alcohols. But let's not go into such subtle details.
If you need advice on what to thin varnish or what to use for thinning paints, it is better to consult with specialists in this field.
We propose to consider in detail which solvents need to be used in specific cases.
Polyurethane mixtures
Included polyurethane varnishes, paints, primers, adhesives, etc. contain polyurethane - a modern polymer. The totality of its properties surpasses such well-known materials as rubber, plastic, rubber, and metal. To obtain high-strength paint and adhesive solutions, in industrial production it (polyurethane) is mixed with special chemicals.
A lot of polyurethane varnishes are produced and water based. This parquet chemistry is environmentally friendly and non-toxic.
If it is necessary to make the substance more liquid, you can use the following as a diluent for polyurethane compounds:
- toluene;
- xylene;
- acetone;
- eluents such as R-4, R-5.
Acetone - good remedy for diluting polyurethane varnishes Alkyd mixtures
U alkyd compositions good adhesion, moisture resistance, insensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, strength. They can be used for outdoor and interior works. Alkyd mixtures contain a main component, organic solvents, driers (for faster drying), and additives. The main component may be:
- pentaphthalic resin;
- glypthal resin with cotton oil;
- a mixture of melamine-formaldehyde and alkyd resins.
To enhance the properties of materials, elements of alkyd resins are often included in multicomponent varnishes, paints, and enamels. The traditional thinner here is white spirit.
Bitumen mixtures
Bituminous varnish is a mixture of a special grade of bitumen, various resins and oils. After drying, a durable black film is formed on the surface, moisture-resistant and impervious to chemical attack. It is considered a fairly new material in household use. Belongs to the inexpensive category. It is often used as an anti-corrosion protective layer.
For wooden surfaces it is used when there is no need to emphasize the natural texture of the base (instead of paints). Bituminous material has found application as decorative covering for the effect of aging surfaces (patina). Another unique feature of bitumen mixtures is cold gluing. The bitumen solution is diluted with white spirit.
To prevent it from thickening during storage, the container must be airtight. The storage location should be dark (without direct solar radiation), with moderate temperature and humidity.
Bituminous varnish protects the surface very well from moisture and chemical influences, diluted with white spirit Yacht varnishes
Is one of the most effective means protection of surfaces from natural wood. Already from the name the features of the area where it is used are clear. At the same time, the yacht composition is excellent for woodworking inside and outside of any objects (not just boats, boats, yachts). It is impervious to moisture, temperatures, and aggressive environments.
Yacht varnish. Basic properties:
- high degree of protection of wooden structures;
- physical and mechanical immunity to the influence of external environments;
- durability, extending the life of wood.
To achieve such results, toxic substances are used in the production of the material. chemical elements(toluene, xylene). There are several production technologies:
- alkyd yacht (based on the organic solvent white spirit);
- urethane-alkyd yacht (the eluent is the same, but in smaller quantities);
- alkyd-urethane yacht (solvent additives are highly volatile);
- acrylates (water-based compounds).
Dilutes yacht varnish white spirit, no more than 5% of the total volume. The solvent acts on the substance only in its fresh form. After drying, the varnished parquet coating will become impervious.
Varnish for yachts, boats, boats has high wear resistance and can also be diluted with white spirit How to remove dried varnish
The above basically lists ways to improve the consistency if the varnish has thickened. What should you do to remove varnish and paint from painting tools? Is it possible synthetic material remove from wood after application?
Old furniture or wood just won't work. Typically, scraping or grinding is used where possible. For non-mechanical removal, the type of solvent is selected individually. The main composition and Chemical properties varnishing.
The simplest way to remove an unusable parquet protective coating is to use a special remover. The substance is a chemical mixture. You can use liquid, gel or powder. With the simplest types paint and varnish materials Acetone works. Denatured alcohol is more suitable for removing shellac.
First, a liquid, gel or powder is applied to the varnish surface. Then you need to wait until the film softens. To speed up the process, it is recommended to cover the treated surface with polyethylene. After some time (from 40 minutes to 4 hours), old varnish will begin to swell and darken. What to do next?
To remove softened varnish, it is more convenient to use a spatula. You need to work carefully so as not to damage wooden surface. What to do if it’s old the first time protective covering not completely removed? If necessary, the treatment can be repeated.
To remove residual substances from painting tools, use:
- Wash off freshly with a warm, water-soap solution. parquet varnish water based;
- White spirit, kerosene, turpentine are suitable for most paints and varnishes based on organic solvents. The remaining substances are rinsed well, then the instrument is washed with some product household chemicals and rinse thoroughly in water.
When choosing the type of eluent for diluting paint and varnish mixtures, it is important to carefully study the composition, as well as use the manufacturer’s recommendations indicated on the packaging.
Don’t forget about personal protective equipment, especially if you have to work with strong-smelling, quick-drying compounds. Ventilating the room during and after work will protect against poisoning by toxic fumes. These materials should be kept away from children.
Polyurethane is a synthetic material, one of the varieties elastomers. It withstands exposure to aggressive environments, high and low temperatures. During production, polyurethane can be given any mechanical characteristics, it is produced in the form of both viscous liquids and solids.
Due to these properties, it is widely used in different areas industry. Polyurethane for metal has good protective properties, it perfectly resists aggressive atmospheric influences and other destructive factors for a long time.
Specifications
This paint and varnish material is a suspension, the main components of which are:
- polyurethane compositions;
- fillers;
- colored pigments.
In industry, polyurethane paint is used mainly for protection steel structures from corrosion.
Already three decades ago, when it first appeared, it was actively used for painting bridges, airplanes, cars, interior elements, household electrical appliances, and so on, made from elements. Since then, the range of this type of paint and their range have expanded significantly.
What's happened perchlorovinyl paints read our article.
Basic specifications polyurethane paint for metal:
- conditional viscosity - 50-90 units;
- share of volatile substances - up to 34%;
- film adhesion - about 2 points;
- after drying, it is resistant to temperatures from −40°C to +150°C;
- film resistance to mechanical shocks - not less than 50 cm;
- hiding power - up to 75 g/m2;
- average consumption - 150 g/m2.
Properties
To the main benefits polyurethane paints for metal include:
- high adhesion to unprimed metal;
- resistance to aggressive influences of the atmosphere, fresh and sea water and other destructive factors;
- short drying time - from 2 hours (depending on the type and composition of the specific paint);
- water-dispersed polyurethane paints are environmentally friendly and cannot cause harm to health even when working with them regularly without protective equipment.
Flaws polyurethane paints and varnishes:
- high cost compared to other types of paints and varnishes;
- The share of polyurethane paints on the market is small, they are presented in relatively few stores, so finding a composition suitable for its properties can be difficult.
Types of polyurethane paints
By composition polyurethane paints and varnishes are divided into two groups:
- one-component - such paints contain all the necessary substances, and they can be applied straight from the can;
- two-component - before using this type of polymer paint, it is necessary to mix the compositions, which are supplied in two separate containers.
One of the cans of two-component paint contains the resin, and the other contains the hardener.
It is stronger than a one-component paint composition and more resistant to aggressive influences.
Two-component dye stable to impact:
- acids;
- alkalis;
- different types of fuel;
- machine oil;
- fresh and sea water, waste water.
It polymerizes and sets without the participation of water vapor in the air, so the range favorable conditions to apply it more widely.
Can be mixed before use required amount composition, while the remaining components of the mixture, located in two different jars, will retain their properties even after very long storage.
One-component coloring compositions are divided into three groups:
- polyurethane paints based on organic solvents;
- alkyd-urethane;
- water-dispersed polyurethane paints.
The first type, in addition to polyurethane and pigments, contains solvents such as xylene or toluene.
It is better to dilute them with licensed solvents specifically designed for such purposes.
This paint polymerizes and hardens due to the contact of its binding components with atmospheric moisture. Thus, if the indoor air is too dry, the applied layer will takes a very long time to dry.
A distinctive feature of the second type of paint is the presence in the composition alkyd urethane varnish. These compositions are distinguished by a very short drying time - from one and a half hours. It is used as a solvent for such coloring compositions. White Spirit.
Water-dispersed polyurethane paints received this name because water serves as a solvent for them. Their main advantage is the absence unpleasant odor and harm to health when working with them without personal protective equipment. Such colors grab when water evaporates from them.
Another variety - powder paint. It is a homogenized dry mixture, which includes:
- polyester resin;
- filler;
- hardener;
- pigments.
Polyurethane powder paints belong to the group thermosetting coloring compounds.
They are applied to the surface, after which the product is subjected to heat treatment, during which the particles fuse and enter into chemical reactions with each other. As a result, a solid and exclusively durable coating . Powder compositions are well suited for painting mechanical engineering products.
Features of application when painting
To ensure optimal adhesion of paint to metal, before applying it, all surfaces must be cleaned, removing old paint and rust, and dried. For better application they can also be cover with soil.
If it is intended to apply two-component paint, the compositions located in different cans must be mixed in a container of suitable size using construction mixer. Thanks to its use, you can achieve optimal homogeneity of composition.
The resulting coloring composition must be used within a certain time - from 6 to 72 hours, after this period the residues will be unusable. If necessary, one-component polyurethane paint can be diluted with a suitable solvent to bring it to the desired consistency.
You can apply paint using a brush, roller or spray gun. This must be done at a temperature from −10°С to +30°С, relative humidity air should be within 95%.
A layer of polyurethane paint is durable and durable coating which will reliably protect the surface from aggressive influences. With its help you can significantly extend the service life of any metal products.
Find out how to paint a galvanized roof from the video:
Solvents are often used to dilute paints and varnishes (paints, varnishes, enamels, glues). They come in all kinds of varieties. And each of them has its own characteristic properties. In this article we will tell you in more detail what a solvent for acrylic paints is, oil paints, varnish, glue.
Acrylic solvent
This composition is often used to dissolve polyurethane resins, two-component acrylic paints, primers. Despite the fact that acrylic paints can be diluted with ordinary water, the use of this solvent significantly speeds up the process when the coating layer dries. In addition, its use allows you to achieve a flat and smooth painted surface without the formation of any smudges or white-milky deposits.
Solvent for acrylic has the form of a transparent liquid with a specific odor. It is produced in several versions, which differ in drying time (slow, medium and fast). And they are used in certain conditions, depending on humidity and air temperature. For example, in cold weather it is better to use a composition with a high evaporation rate. On a hot day, on the contrary, it is advisable to use a solvent with low level evaporation.
It is advisable to store the composition in well-ventilated, cool and dark rooms (without access of UV rays to the packaging). It is also important that basic norms and standards apply fire safety. The packaging itself must be tightly closed and in an upright position.
Solvent for oil paints
For thinning paints oil based The following solvents are often used: white spirit, gasoline, acetone, turpentine. We will tell you in more detail about each of them. So, white spirit is produced during the distillation of oil. It is used for dissolving alkyd, bitumen, oil paints, as well as for rubbers, drying oils, epoxy esters and polybutyl methacrylate. Nefras 150/180 can also be used instead (as a substitute). Turpentine - manufactured industrially when processing pine wood.
The following types are distinguished: dry distillation, steam, sulfate, extraction. The best is considered to be the one that contains more pinene. It is used to dilute oil, glyphthalic, bitumen, and pentaphthalic paints. Acetone is prepared by treating cumene hydroperoxide. This is a good solvent for varnishes and paints based on vinyl polymers. It is also used for diluting polyacrylates, epoxy resins, chlorinated rubber, vinyl chloride copolymers.
Solvent for glue moment
A glue solvent is necessary not only during the process of applying the composition, but also when the mixture has already dried. For example, there may be times when you need to remove some parts or wipe off a stain. The best solvents for superglue are generally ethyl acetate, xylene, butyl acetate and acetone. Sometimes thinners for acrylic and polyurethane varnishes and paints are also suitable. Let's talk about them in more detail. Ethyl acetate - used for nitrocellulose and polyacrylate paints and varnishes. Like acetone, it can dissolve almost all polymers.
Xylene solvent - consists of a mixture of isomers, which is obtained from coal or oil. Therefore, it is divided into stone and oil. It is used for phenolic, alkyd, chlorinated rubber, bitumen, epoxyphenol paints and varnishes. Butyl acetate is made by heating acetic acid and butyl alcohol with the addition of catalysts. Used for diluting oil esters, chlorinated rubber, fats, cellulose. And if you add a small amount of butyl alcohol to it, it can prevent the formation of a paint film.
Varnish thinner
In order to dilute the varnish, you can use the following solvents: benzene, R-4, R-4A, 646. If we talk about the first one - benzene, then it is obtained by pyrolysis of raw rock benzene and oil. It is an excellent thinner for rubbers, fats, oils, waxes, cellulose, esters, silicone and cresol-formaldehyde resins. If you need to dissolve polyurethane varnish, then compositions R-4 and R-4A are also suitable.
The main ingredients of these mixtures are: esters, ketones, hydrocarbons. It also contains some components that can significantly increase the efficiency of dissolving paintwork materials. They are used for many paints and varnishes - varnishes, putties, primers, enamels. 646 solvent is suitable for treating the surface before applying paintwork materials (degreases it), and also effectively dissolves nitro-enamel and nitro-varnishes.
The areas of application of solvents and thinners are extensive. By doing repair work We inevitably deal with solvents for varnish, enamel, and paints. In construction, rust and concrete solvents are used. liquid glass, liquid nails, polyurethane foam and other materials. Artists constantly use solvents, and in everyday life they help us remove complex contaminants. Our article will help you understand this big topic so that you can quickly answer the question: which solvent is best to use in each specific case.
Solvent and thinner: what's the difference?
The terms "solvent" and "diluent" are often used interchangeably. However, there is an important difference between them. If we talk in simple language, the solvent interacts directly with the film-forming (hardening) component.
For example, gasoline is a popular solvent for oil-based paints. It dissolves binder, therefore can thin the paint for application and at the same time can remove stains of dried paint.
The thinner does not dissolve the substances that form the film, but can only reduce the viscosity of the composition. For example, water dilutes water-based paint well, but it will not be able to wash off dried paint.
Types of solvents
For convenience, we divide all solvents into the following groups:
- Solvents for paints and varnishes(paints, enamels, varnishes), as well as adhesives and primers
- Solvents building materials (solvents of bitumen, concrete, foam, rubber, rust, etc.)
- Household solvents(stains from oil, grease, tape, etc.)
- Artistic solvents
Solvents for paints and varnishes
Almost all solvents for varnishes, paints and enamels are volatile organic substances with a low boiling point. These properties ensure rapid drying of the compositions after application.
There are solvents:
— homogeneous - based on one substance or a mixture of homogeneous substances (for example, toluene);
- combined - based on several homogeneous solvents in a certain proportion (for example, P-4 = toluene + acetone + butyl acetate).
As a rule, combined ones are characterized by higher efficiency and targeted action.
Using our table, you can easily understand which solvents are used for which paints.
Purpose of solvents
|
Solvent |
Type of paintwork |
|
Homogeneous solvents |
|
|
Solvent (more precisely thinner) acrylic paint, water-based paint and other water-dispersed paints and biting |
|
|
Solvent for oil and bitumen paints, varnishes, enamels |
|
|
Turpentine |
Solvent for oil and alkyd-styrene paints |
|
White Spirit |
Solvent for oil and alkyd paints and enamels (including PF-115, PF-133, PF-266), bitumen mastics, varnish GF-166, primer GF-021 |
|
Solvent (petroleum) |
Solvent for glyphthalic and bituminous varnishes and paints (including melamine alkyd). |
|
Xylene (petroleum) |
Solvent for glyphthalic and bituminous varnishes and paints, epoxy resin. |
|
Solvent for perchlorovinyl paints |
|
|
Combined (registered) solvents |
|
|
Solvent 645 |
Nitrocellulose solvent |
|
Solvent 646 |
Universal solvent for nitro paints, nitro enamels, nitro varnishes general purpose, also epoxy, acrylic, solvent |
|
Solvent 647 |
Solvent for nitro enamels, nitro varnishes for cars |
|
Solvent 649 |
Solvent NTs-132k; GF-570Rk |
|
Solvent 650 |
Automotive enamels solvent NTs-11; GF-570Rk |
|
Solvent 651 |
Oil solvent |
|
Solvent R-4 |
Polyacrylate, perchlorovinyl, coatings with copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinylidene chloride or vinyl acetate |
|
Solvent R-5 |
Perchlorovinyl, polyacrylate, epoxy |
|
Solvent R-6 |
Melamine-formaldehyde, rubber, polyvinyl-butyral |
|
Solvent R-7 |
Dilution of varnish VL-51 |
|
Solvent R-11 |
Perchlorovinyl, polyacrylate |
|
Solvent R-14 |
Epoxy enamels cured with isocenate hardeners |
|
Solvent R-24 |
Perchlorovinyl |
|
Solvent R-40 |
Epoxy |
|
Solvent R-60 |
Cresol-formaldehyde, polyvinylbutyral |
|
Solvent R-83 |
Epoxy ester |
|
Solvent R-189 |
Solvent for polyurethane varnish |
|
Solvent R-219 |
Polyester resin solvent |
|
Solvent R-1176 |
Solvent for polyurethane paints and enamels |
|
Solvent RL-176 |
Polyacrylate, polyurethane |
|
Solvent RL-277 |
Polyurethane |
Other beneficial features solvent data:
— cleaning and degreasing the surface;
— removal of paintwork materials from brushes, rollers, spatulas and other tools.
Video about what solvent to rinse the spray gun with
Solvents for removing paint: fresh and old
If, during the work, paint stains ended up in the wrong place (stained furniture, floor, glass), it can be removed with the solvents indicated in the table. True, for delicate surfaces (wood, laminate, plexiglass) you should not use combined compounds like R-646. It is better to use homogeneous ones and be sure to first test their effect on an inconspicuous area.
Special solvents are produced for removing old paints from large areas. They will help remove paint from walls, with metal products and so on.
Solvents for building materials
Removing frozen mortars often causes serious difficulties. Manufacturers have done everything to make them as resistant to chemical influences bitumen, concrete, polyurethane foam, etc. What solvents will help in this case.
Solvent for concrete, cement, grout- a mixture of concentrated acid, metal protectants and inhibitors.
Liquid glass solvent - can be washed off from instruments warm water immediately after application. Hardened material can be removed with organic solvents
Solvent for polyurethane foam - fresh foam is easily removed with ethyl acetate or solvents based on it (for example, P-645, 647). The solvent for hardened polyurethane foam can be considered folk remedy"Dimexide" (sold in pharmacies). Also "Dimexide" is excellent super glue remover.
Liquid nail solvent- uncured ones are removed with mineral-based solvents or water. Hardened ones can be removed mechanically or by heating with a hairdryer to a temperature above 50°C
Rust solvent- special compositions based on phosphoric acid, tannin, hydroxycarboxylic polybasic acids.
Silicone solvent ( silicone sealant, glue)- along with special compounds From sealant and adhesive manufacturers, you can use acetic acid or white spirit.
Polymer solvents:
— PVC- tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone for several days;
— polyethylene- xylene, benzene when heated;
— polyurethane foam- can only be removed with fresh special solvents from the manufacturers.
Solvent for rubber and caoutchouc - toluene and other organic solvents are suitable for removing the substance (rubber dissolves, rubber swells and breaks down)
Solvent bitumen mastic - toluene, solvent, gasoline, white spirit
Foam solvent - acetone, solvent R-650
Solvent for paraffin and wax- kerosene, white spirit, gasoline, acetone.
In the next article we will tell you about small household solvents and solvents that artists use.