Pronouns in English are plural. Understanding English pronouns - with examples and pronunciation

Any person who has studied at least a little foreign language, is already very familiar with pronouns. These words, usually short, appear in almost all sentences. “I”, “You” - they are used at every step. Like a baby born in England, a foreigner first learns to name himself and address other people. Then it’s time to speak abstractly in the third person, about someone or refer to someone.

You may not be familiar with some pronouns yet. But there are not too many of them; if you wish, you can easily master everything in one lesson. Time usually studied pronouns in English language– 3rd grade secondary school. Even elementary school students can do the task, preferably with an emphasis on practical use. Adults should delve a little into the theory and get to know pronouns in more detail. Should pay more attention to correct pronunciation, and get a good workout. The effort expended will definitely bring benefits.

Pronouns in English

A pronoun (pronoun) is essentially the most important part of speech, which cannot be replaced by anything else. On the contrary, pronouns are often used to replace nouns, adjectives and entire phrases. This is done for the sake of brevity and simplicity, for generalization, or to ask the interlocutor. Depending on the functions performed, pronouns are divided into groups , which we will get acquainted with next:

• personal;
• possessive (posesive);
• reflexive;
• mutual (reciprocal);
• demonstrative;
• negative (negative);
• interrogative;
• vague (negative);
• generalizing;
• quantitative.

Table of pronouns in English

It will help you study better English pronouns table with translation and pronunciation.

Personal
Nominative case Nominative	Objectcase Object
I - I	me – me, me, me
You - you	you - you, you, you
He – he	him - his, him, him, dumb
She [ʃi:] – she	her - she, her, her
It - it	its - to him, him, him
We - we	us [ʌs] – us, us, us
You - you	you - you, you, you
They [ðei] – they	them [ðem] – theirs, them, them, them

Personal pronouns designate specific individuals and entire groups. The objective case is translated into Russian by virtually any other case except the nominative. When translating instrumental and prepositional, appropriate prepositions are used. For example: with me - with me, about them - about them.

Possessives(posessive)
In basic form	In aabsolutelyOuch
my - mine, mine	mine – mine, mine
your – yours, yours	yours - yours, yours
	his – his (masculine)
her - her	hers - her
	its – his (neuter gender)
our – ours, ours	ours – ours, ours
your – yours, yours	yours – yours, yours
their [ðeə] – theirs	theirs [ðeəz] – theirs

Posessive pronouns in absolute form are used in the absence of nouns. For example: your pencil - your pencil, it is yours - it is yours. Despite the sophisticated theoretical names, the meaning of each group of pronouns is quite simple. This denotes the affiliation of persons or objects.

Reflexive

myself – me, myself, myself

yourself - you, yourself, yourself

himself - him, himself, himself

herself - her, himself, herself

itself - him, himself, himself

ourselves - us, ourselves, ourselves

yourselves - you, yourself, yourself

themselves [ðem’selvz] – them, themselves, themselves

Reflexive pronouns in Russian are usually not translated into separate words , but the ending “-sya”, “-sya” is added to the active verb, and it becomes reflexive-passive. For example: she has washed herself - she washed herself, they are putting on themselves - they are getting dressed.

These pronouns in translation have same value. The only difference is the definiteness or uncertainty of the expression.

Demonstrative pronouns are the same for all genders.

Interrogative pronouns are used in interrogative and affirmative sentences. Whom represents the objective case of the word who .

Negative

no – none, none (also no, none)

nothing - nothing

nobody - no one

none - nothing, no one

no one - no one, not one

neither – neither one nor the other

neither...nor – neither one nor the other

Interrogatives (interrogative)

what – what, which, which (about objects)

who – who, which, which (about persons)

whom – whom, to whom, by whom, com

which – which, which, which, which

whose – whose, whose, whose, whose

Undefined (indefinite)

some – any, some, any

something – anything, anything, anything

somebody, someone – somebody, someone, someone, someone

anybody, anyone – anyone, any, any (subject)

anything – any, any, any (object)

For brevity, near some the translation is given only in masculine, but in the same way this word is used in the feminine or neuter, in any number.

There are several pronunciation options for several. The use or omission of vowels depends on the dialect, and even on the personal preferences of the speaker.

Rules of application

The word I (I) is always written in capital letter. Other pronouns begin with a capital letter only at the beginning of a sentence.

You is translated in Russian as “you” or “you”, depending on the surrounding context. It must be taken into account that you can politely address one person as “You”.

Some pronouns are used only in a certain context (like articles), or only in an indefinite one:

• other (each other);
• another (one another).

The language construction neither… nor… is used within one sentence. After neither, one option of negated objects, events or actions is mentioned, after nor - the second option (also with negation). Either... or is used in the same way, but in affirmative phrases.

Examples

– E ither I will have read book in English or in French - I will read an English or French book (but not both at once).

– Neither we visited London, no r you did – neither we were in London, nor you.

– No one may enter this room – no one can (has the right) to enter this room.

– Y ou had to do your homework, but had done nothing – you had to do your own homework, but did nothing.

– We asked few , but they gave us too much – we asked for little, but they gave us too much.

Bottom line

Full table of pronouns in English with transcription is useful as a reference. You don't have to look in a dictionary or use an online translator to find out how to pronounce a word correctly. It is also easy to choose the appropriate one by looking at the entire list when difficulties arise with choosing a pronoun.

» Table of pronouns in English

Studying any topic starts with its basics. The same goes for English pronouns. Yes, you can immediately throw yourself into the pool headlong, studying all the intricacies of this topic. However, if you do not know how this or that pronoun is translated or pronounced, immediately combining the word with other members and making sentences with them will be at least difficult, and at most impossible. Therefore, if you are just beginning your acquaintance with this topic, let's look at English pronouns with translation and pronunciation in order to avoid problems in their further development.

English pronoun types

To begin with, it is worth noting that pronouns in English are divided into 9 types:

1. Personal Pronouns or Personal Pronouns
2. Possessive Pronouns or Possessive pronouns
3. Reflexive Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns
4. Reciprocal Pronouns or Reciprocal Pronouns
5. Interrogative Pronouns or Interrogative Pronouns
6. Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns or Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns
7. Demonstrative Pronouns or Demonstrative Pronouns
8. Quantitative pronouns or Quantitative pronouns
9. Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns or Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns

Each type has a limited number of words that you need to remember to express your thoughts. These words, as a rule, consist of a small number of letters and do not contain sounds, the pronunciation of which can cause difficulties for initial stage. Let's look at each type in more detail and study the pronouns of the English language with transcription and translation.

English pronouns with translation and pronunciation: meaning and transcription

1. The main place among English pronouns is occupied by Personal Pronouns. This is the only group in which English allows case declension. Table for clarity:

Person and number	Nominative	Objective case
1 l., units	I(ay) - I	me(mi) – me / to me / by me
1 l., plural	we(ui) - we	us[ʌs] (as) – us / to us / by us
2 l., units	you(yu) - you	you(yu) – to you / by you
2 l., plural	you(yu) - you	you(yu) – you / to you / by you
3 l., units	he(hee) - he she[ʃi:](shi) - she it(it) – this/it	him(him) – his / him / them her(hyo) – her/her it(it) is
3 l., plural	they[ðei] (zey) - they	them[ðem] (zem) – their / them / by them

1. The second most important is the Possessive Pronouns group or the group of possessive pronouns. It also has two forms: attached and absolute. They both answer the same question (“whose?”), but differ in that the first requires a noun after itself, and the second does not. Let's compare:

As you can see, these forms have something in common, but they are written and pronounced differently. Let's consider full list possessive pronouns:

Attachable form	Absolute form
my (May) – mine	mine (mine) – mine
your (yo) – yours	yours (yors) - yours
his (his) - his	his (his) - his
her (hyo) - her	hers (hes) - her
its (its) - his	its (its) - his
your (yo) – yours	yours (yors) – yours
our (oue) – ours	ours (owers) – ours
their [ðeə(r)] (zea) – theirs	theirs [ðeəz] (zeirs) – theirs

1. Reflexive Pronouns or reflexive pronouns are a group of pronouns that are translated into Russian to mean “oneself” and “oneself” depending on the situation:

The second part of these pronouns may remind you of the famous word “selfie”, which actually comes from the word “self”. The first parts repeat the pronouns of the two above-mentioned groups.

1. Reciprocal Pronouns or reciprocal pronouns in English are the group that will probably take the least time to memorize. It consists of two words with the same meaning:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
each other	each other	[ˌiːtʃ ˈʌðə(r)]	ich aze
one another	[ˌwʌnəˈnʌðə(r)]	one enase

1. The group of Interrogative Pronouns or the group of interrogative pronouns is more extensive. These pronouns, as the name suggests, are used to form questions:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
what	what/which		wot
who	who will win		xy
which	which/which		wich
whom	whom/to whom		hum
whose	whose		khus
how	How		how
why	Why		wy
when	When		van
where	where/where		vea

1. Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns or relative and connecting pronouns are used in complex sentences. There are not many of them, but you need to know these words:

Some words in this group and the group of interrogative pronouns are similar, but their functions and meanings are different.

1. Demonstrative Pronouns or demonstrative pronouns in English are also often found in speech. Some of them have singular and plural forms:

	Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
units h.	this	this/this	[ðis]	zys
plural	these	these	[ði:z]	zyz
units h.	that	that/that	[ðæt]	zet
plural	those	those	[ðəʊz]	zous
only units h.	such	such		sach
only units h.	(the)same	same		Sejm

1. There are pronouns in English that denote quantity. They are called Quantitative pronouns or quantitative pronouns. These include:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
much	a lot (with uncountable nouns)		mach
many	a lot (with countable nouns)	[ˈmeni]	mani
little	little (with uncountable nouns)	[ˈlɪtl]	little
a little	a little (with uncountable nouns)	[ə ˈlɪtl]	uh little
few	little (with countable nouns		ugh
a few	several (with countable nouns)	[ə fjuː]	ugh
several	some	[ˈsevrəl]	saveral

1. The most extensive group can rightfully be considered Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns or indefinite and negative pronouns. Most of them are formed by a combination of pronouns, which independently also perform the functions of this group, and other parts of speech:

Pronouns	Other parts of speech
thing [θɪŋ]	one	body [ˈbɒdi]	where
some	something (Samsing) - something	someone (Samuan) - someone	somebody (sambadi) - someone	somewhere (samvea) - somewhere
any [ˈeni]	anything (enising) - anything	anyone (eniuan) - someone	anybody (enibady) - someone	anywhere (enivea) - somewhere
no	nothing (nasing) - nothing	no one (but one) - no one	nobody (nobadi) - no one	nowhere (newa) - nowhere
every [ˈevri]	everything (eurising) – everything	everyone(euryuan) - everyone	everybody (eurybadi) - everyone	everywhere(evrivea) - everywhere

And also pronouns:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
other	another	[ˈʌðə(r)]	aze
another	[əˈnʌðə(r)]	enase

These were all English pronouns with translation and pronunciation. Special attention I would like to pay attention to the pronunciation. The fact is that the sounds of the English language are different from the sounds of Russian, so it is actually quite difficult to convey how pronouns are pronounced in English.

The presented options are close to English pronunciation and added to make them easier to understand at a basic level. With this pronunciation you will definitely be understood, but for a more correct sound, study the transcriptions in English. To remember correct pronunciation It’s also great to listen to audio of native speakers and imitate their speaking style.

A pronoun is a word used instead of the name of an object (or its characteristics) and indicating it.

For example:

Instead of "girl", we can say "she".

Instead of “the dress that I am holding in my hands,” we can say: “this is the dress.”

There are 5 main groups of pronouns in English:

1. Personal pronouns

2. Possessive pronouns

3. Reflexive pronouns

4. Demonstrative pronouns

5. Interrogative pronouns

Let's take a closer look at the use of these pronouns.

Personal pronouns in English

Personal pronouns are the words with which we replace the character.

The actor may be:

1. Main (answers the question “who?”)

For example:

My friend is at work. She (we replace “my friend”) will come in the evening.

Personal pronouns that	Translation
I	I
You	you you
We	We
They	They
He	He
She	she
It	it

2. Not main/secondary (answers the question “who?”)

For example:

My friend and I are going to the cinema. Friends invited us (my friend and I instead).

Personal pronouns that replace the main character	Translation
me	I
you	you you
us	We
them	They
him	He
her	she
it	it

He invited me to the cinema.
He invited me to the cinema.

They sent her a letter.
They sent her a letter.

Possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronouns reflect the ownership of objects and the connection between them.

For example:

There are two types of possessive pronouns:

1. Those that are used together with the subject (answer the question “whose?”)

Possessive pronouns, used with an item	Translation
my	my
your	yours/yours
our	our
their	their
his	his
her	her
its	his/ee

2. Those that are used independently (without a subject)

Such pronouns are used to avoid repetition in a sentence. There is no need to place an object after them, since they already imply it.

Possessive pronouns, used independently	Translation
mine	my
yours	yours/yours
ours	our
theirs	their
his	his
hers	her
its	his/ee

Their price is below ours.
Their price is lower than ours.

My box is smaller than yours.
My box is smaller than yours.

Reflexive pronouns in English

Reflexive pronouns show us that a person performs an action in relation to himself. Why are they returnable? Because the action is directed towards the one who performs it, that is, it returns to him.

Such pronouns are used to show that:

• The action is aimed at the person himself
• The action was performed by the person independently

In Russian, we most often show this with -sya and -sya, which we add to actions.

For example:

She cut herself (cut herself)

In English there are special words for this, which are formed by adding a tail to the pronouns my, your, our, them, her, him, it:

• -self(if we are talking about one person/object);
• -selves(if we are talking about several people/objects).

Let's look at the table of these pronouns.

Singular
I I	myself I myself
you You	yourself you yourself
he He	himself he/himself
she she	herself she/herself
it it	itself it is itself
Plural
you You	yourselves you yourself/yourself
they They	themselves they/themselves
we We	ourselves we ourselves/ourselves

For example:

She introduced herself when entered in the room.
She introduced herself (introducing herself) when she entered the room.

We ourselves cooked the dinner.
We prepared this dinner ourselves.

Demonstrative pronouns in English

We use demonstrative pronouns to point to an object/person or objects/people. Hence the name - index.

There are 4 most used demonstrative pronouns in English:

• this - this
• these - these
• that
• those - those

Let's look at the table of usage of these pronouns.

Pronoun	Quantity people/things	Usage
this This	one	something located Next to us
these these	some
that then, that	one	something located far from us
those those	some

This book is interesting.
It's an interesting book.

I know those girls.
I know those girls.

Interrogative pronouns in English

Interrogative pronouns are words that indicate a person, object or characteristics unknown to the speaker.

For example: Who baked this cake? (point to the person)

In English, the most common interrogative pronouns are:

• who - who, whom
• whose - whose
• what - what, which
• which - which
• whom - whom

Let's look at the table of usage of these words.

Pronoun	Usage	Example
Who - who, whom/to whom	1. Who did or didn't specific action 2. Who was it? directionally specific action (colloquial version)	Who helps her? Who helps her
Whom - whom, to whom	Who was it for? directionally specific action (official, written version)	Whom will you invite? Who will you invite?
Whose - whose	Asking about affiliation to someone	Whose dog is it? Whose dog is this?
What - what, which	1. Ask about the subject 2. Ask about the attribute of the object (assuming unlimited choice)	What did you read? What have you read?
Which - which, which	Please select from some specific options	Which dog is yours? Which (what) dog is yours?

So, we've looked at the 5 main types of pronouns, now let's practice using them.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. This car is red.
2. They invited me to the park.
3. She baked this pie herself.
4. Whose scarf is on the chair?
5. Your gift is better than hers.

- a topic without which it is impossible to explain and even difficult to put together the simplest English sentence. Therefore, it’s worth studying this whole thing a little and strengthening yourself with a couple of new words, or if you already have a basic level of English, you can read something new for yourself.

The author of this article did not want to write much about the entire grammar of pronouns in the English language, in order to free your mind from unnecessary classifications and other heresies, so the “meat” that is most often used in the English language is laid out here.

Starting with the basics of the English language, let's remember what pronouns we knew or didn't know that answer the question “Who?” There are not so many of them, only 7 pieces.

№	Pronoun	Pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation	Example
1	I	I		ah	I love to eat
2	You you	You		Yu	You took 5 dollars
3	We	We		vyi	We work every day
4	They	They	[ðei]	zay	They went to sleep
5	He	He		hee	He is a doctor
6	She	She	[∫i:]	shi	She likes to dance
7	He she it	It		it	It ran to the guys

In graphic format:

Let's look at a couple of nuances:

• The pronoun "It" replaces all inanimate objects, as well as animals:

Where is the book? It is on the table. - Where is the book? She is on the table.

My cat is very funny. It runs and jumps all day long. – My cat is very funny. He runs and jumps all day.

Important: Do not replace people with the pronoun “It”. For third parties, only the pronouns “He”, “She” and “They”!

• To verbs that come after the pronouns “He”, “She” and “It”, in the present tense we add the ending “-s” or “-es” after the endings -ch, -x, -sh, -ss, -s, -o:

He love s me. - He loves me.

She open s the windows every morning. – She opens the windows every morning.

The dog like s to bark. This dog likes to bark.

• In English, the pronoun “I - I” is always written with a capital letter.
• The pronoun “You” can be used both to address one person and to address a group of people.
• The pronoun “You” when addressing in writing, is not capitalized (unless it is at the beginning of a sentence). To express respect for another person, other words are used.

All these pronouns in English know how to bow. Namely, they can all answer the question “Whom?” To whom?":

№	Pronoun	Who?	Pronoun	Whom? To whom?	Pronunciation	Example
1	I	I	me, me	me	mi	Give me money
2	You you	you	you, you	you	Yu	I love you
3	We	we	us, us	us	ac	They see us
4	They	they	them, them	them	zem	Do it for them
5	He	he	him, him	him	chem	She go to him
6	She	she	her, her	her	hey	I left with her
7	He she it	it	him, him, her	it	it	Medicine helped it

To reinforce this, let’s take more detailed examples:

• I gave you the key. - I gave you the key.
• They don't give me to train. “They don’t let me train.”
• Do do you understand me? - You understand me?
• They will not understand us. - They won't understand us.
• I helped them. - I helped them.
• I heard that you have a new notebook. Show it me please. – I heard that you have a new laptop. Show it to me please.

Also, all these 7 basic pronouns can decline and answer the question “Whose?” or “Whose?”:

№	Pronoun	Who?	Pronoun	Whose? Whose?	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	I	I	my	my		May
2	You you	you	yours, yours	your		yoar
3	We	we	is our	our	[‘aΩə]	ave
4	They	they	their	their	[ðεə]	Zea
5	He	he	his	his		xyz
6	She	she	her	her		hey
7	He she it	it	his her	its		its

For example:

• Will I take your car? - Shall I take your car?
• I bought their house yesterday. – I bought their house yesterday.
• She will finish her project tonight. She will finish her project at night.
• The monkey did it its hands. “The monkey did it with his own hands.”
• This is my friends. - These are my friends.

The note; do not confuse “It’s - it is” and its !

And let’s summarize everything in a general table:

№	Pronoun (who?)	Pronoun (whom? to whom?)	Pronoun (whose? whose?)
1	I – I	me – me, me	my - mine, mine
2	You - you, you	you - you, you	your – yours, yours, yours
3	We - We	us – us, to us	our – ours
4	They - They	them – theirs, to them	their - theirs
5	He – He	him – him, him	his - his
6	She - She	her - her, her	her - her
7	It – he, she, it (object)	it – his, him, her (subject)	its – his, her (object, animal)

Analyze this block again. We know that there are a total of 7 basic pronouns that can answer the question “Who?” or the question “Whom?” To whom?”, or to the question “Whose?” Whose?". And if you have secured this material well, then we move on.

The pronoun "it" has several important functions in English:

First, we learned that the pronoun “it” is used to replace the names of all objects, animals and any other animate or inanimate phenomena. In short, everything except people!

Secondly, the pronoun “it” means or is translated as “this”. Example:

• It is very interesting - This is very interesting.
• It's Mike. Open the door! - This is Mike. Open the door!
• It's her new style. - This is her new style.
• Who is it? - Who is this?

Well, and thirdly, the pronoun “it” is not translated at all, but is used simply to talk about the weather, time, condition, etc. Example:

• It is frost - frost (outside).
• It is bright day - a wonderful day.
• It will be windy - It will be windy.
• It’s 5 o’clock - five o’clock
• It’s was cool - It was cool.
• It will be very funny - It will be very fun.

In English, our basic pronouns answer the question “Whose?” or “Whose?”, can be transformed into an absolute form in order to avoid repetition of the defined subject, namely:

№	Pronoun (whose? whose?)	Absolute pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	my - mine, mine	mine – mine, mine		main
2	your – yours, yours	yours – yours, yours		yearz
3	our – ours	ours – ours	[‘auəz]	Avaz
4	their - theirs	theirs - theirs	[ðεəz]	zeaz
5	his - his	his - his		xyz
6	her - her	hers - her		hez
7	its - his, her	its - his, her		its

Let's present these pronouns graphically:

Example:

• Did you see my keys? – No, I didn’t. But mine is here. (mine instead of my keys)

Have you seen my keys? - No, but mine are here.

• Your tables are smaller than theirs. (theirs instead of their tables)

Your tables are smaller than theirs.

• Whose car is this? - It's hers. (hers instead of her car)

Whose car is this? - It is her .

So this absolute form frees us from repetition of objects and indicates the owner of these very objects.

The last important transformation of our base pronouns is independent pronouns. How can you correctly say “yourself, yourself, yourself, yourself” in English and show independence of actions? Let's take a look:

№	Pronoun (who?)	Pronoun (self)	Transcription	Pronunciation
1	I - I	myself - I myself		may-self
2	You – you, you (singular)	yourself - you yourself		yoa-self
2	You – you (plural)	yourselves - yourself		yoa-savs
3	We - we	ourselves - we ourselves	[‘auə’selvz]	ave-selves
4	They - they	themselves - they themselves	[ðəm’selvz]	Zem-Salves
5	He – he	himself - himself		chemical self
6	She - she	herself - she herself		ho-self
7	It – he, she, it	itself - it itself		it-self

Example:

• I will do it myself - I'll do it myself.
• It subsidized itself – It settled down by itself.
• She will not do it herself - She will not do it herself.
• Will you call her yourself? – Will you call her yourself?
• You can do it yourselves - You can do it yourself.
• They cope themselves - They can handle it themselves

There are pronouns in English that, when combined with the words “thing, one, body, where,” form another series of frequently used pronouns. Let's look at these very pronouns:

• some – some;
• any - any;
• every – everyone;
• no – negative prefix;

All these pronouns, in combination with the above words, generate new words:

An association	Thing	Body		Where
some	something anything something	somebody anyone somebody	someone anyone somebody	somewhere somewhere somewhere
	anything anything all sorts of things	anybody anyone any	anyone anyone any	anywhere somewhere anywhere
	nothing Nothing	nobody nobody	no one nobody	nowhere nowhere
every	everything All	everybody All	everyone every	everywhere everywhere

In this table, if you notice, there are some pitfalls:

1. Combinations with the pronouns some and any are translated the same way, but in the context they are used differently, since “any” means “any”, and “some” means “some”. Affirmative sentences almost always use the pronoun “some”and in interrogative or negative sentences - any. For example:

• Is anybody here? - Is anyone here?
• I feel someone was here. – I feel someone was here.
• I didn't see anybody there. – I didn’t see anyone there.

2. Conversions with “-body” and “-one” are synonymous. It makes no difference whether you say “everybody” or you say “everyone”. Combinations with “-one” are more modern in American English and therefore you will hear them more often.

3. Here you could add the word “-time” and also get a series of combinations (sometimes, anytime, everytime, no time). But in American English they use only one - sometimes (sometimes). For others there are analogues:

• instead of “no time” - never - never;
• instead of “everytime” – always – always;

It is important that it will not be a mistake to use any combination with “-time”. They're just rarely used anymore. Moreover, “everytime” is translated rather as “every time”, and it is perfect for strengthening the expression:

• You always clean your shoes – You clean your always shoes.
• Every time you clean your shoes.

There are also frequently used combinations with the pronoun “any”:

• anyhow - however you like;
• anyway - in any case, be that as it may;
• anytime - at any time;

AND simple examples with these pronouns:

• Sometimes I feel myself very good – Sometimes I feel very good;
• I know someone of you was in a club yesterday - I know that one of you was in the club yesterday;
• Nobody know about it - Nobody knows about it (in English there can be only one negation in a sentence);
• Call her and tell that I will be somewhere in the center about 8 o’clock - call her and tell her that I will be somewhere in the center at about 8 o’clock;
• Everybody rest now. Come later - Now everyone is resting. Check back later

And now let's quickly go over the small pronouns.

Meet the pronoun “each other”, translated as “each other”. Can be combined with prepositions:

• for each other - for each other;
• with each other - with each other;
• without each other - without each other;
• about each other - about each other;

Example:

• They do it for each other - They do this for each other.
• Will you exchange with each other? – Will you exchange with each other?
• We can’t live without each other - We cannot live without each other.
• Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other - Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other.

Pronoun	Transcription	Pronunciation
this - this	[ðɪs]	zis
that - that	[ðæt]	zet
these - these	[ði:z]	ziiis
those – those	[ðəuz]	zous

In graphic format:

Example:

• I ran this morning – I ran this morning.
• We were there that evening – We were there that evening.
• These books are ours – These books are ours.
• She went there to ask those guys - She went there to ask those guys.

That's all the foundation that should be laid in each of us over time. The daily ten-minute habit of composing new English sentences using pronouns will dispel fear and make you rise to a higher level in English. Study a little, practice a lot and smile more.

If you have something to add or want to ask something on this topic, then don’t be shy - write to us in the comments.

Pronouns are one of the most important parts of speech in any language, replacing an object, person, or attribute. To use pronouns correctly in speech, you need to know their meaning, categories and declension rules.

Pronoun classes

There are a total of 10 groups of pronouns in the English language, and students have been familiar with some of them since the 3rd grade. Let's list them:

• Personal;
• Possessive;
• Returnable;
• Mutual;
• Index fingers;
• Interrogative;
• Relative;
• Connecting;
• Uncertain;
• Negative.

Personal pronouns

This is the most popular class of pronouns, used to replace persons and objects. Personal pronouns have two forms - the nominative case (when they act as the subject) and the objective case (similar to all other cases of the Russian language, except for the nominative).

How personal pronouns change can be seen in the table “Declination of pronouns in English”, which also shows the transcription for words.

It is easy to notice that personal pronouns change by person, number, case and gender (only in the 3rd person). Look at the following sentence:

He can't tell us the secret. (He couldn't tell us the secret.)

The pronoun He (he) is the subject and stands in nominative case, the pronoun us (to us) acts as an object.

The pronoun I (I) is always capitalized, no matter what part of the sentence it appears in.

Possessive pronouns

Such pronouns answer the question “whose?”, showing which person the object belongs to. They have two forms - attached and absolute. The following table of pronouns in English lists possessive pronouns with translation and pronunciation.

Attachable form	Absolute form	Translation
		my, my, mine, my
		our, ours, ours, ours
		yours, yours, yours, yours yours, yours, yours, yours

The adjunct form is used when it is followed by a qualifying noun. For example:

This is my daddy. (This is my daddy.) - After the word MY comes the noun DADDY.

The absolute form is used when the qualified noun comes before the pronoun or is omitted altogether. Take a look at the options:

This pen is mine. (This pen is mine.) - PEN stands before the word MY.

It’s your bike and these are ours. (This is your bicycle, and these are ours.) - In the second part of the sentence, the noun “bicycles” is missing.

Reflexive pronouns

This class of pronouns suggests that the action of the object is directed towards itself or is performed independently. Pronouns with the meaning “himself, sama, samo, sami” are called intensifying.

He doesn't love himself. (He doesn't like himself.)

Reciprocal pronouns

Such pronouns show that the actions of objects are directed towards each other. They exist in the form of two expressions: each other (in the amount of two items) and one another (more than two items).

Mary and Peter hated each other. (Mary and Peter hated each other.)

Demonstrative pronouns

The purpose of these pronouns is to indicate objects, persons and their characteristics. In the table you can see how demonstrative pronouns are pronounced.

These clouds are big. (These clouds are big.)

Interrogative pronouns

Similar pronouns are used in question sentences. The table shows how these words are read.

The form whom is no longer used in modern English and is replaced by who.

Who are you talking to? (Who are you talking to?)

Relative pronouns

We deal with such pronouns in subordinate attributive clauses (they answer the question “which (which)?”)

Check out the examples:

Conjunctive pronouns

This group of pronouns, like the previous one, is used in subordinate clauses complex sentence. Unlike relative clauses, an additional clause is introduced, not a attributive clause. This category includes words such as:

• Who (Who);
• What (who what);
• Which (whom);
• Whose (which, whose).

I didn’t understand who came. (I didn’t understand who came.)

Negative pronouns

These pronouns are used to express negation in negative sentences.

The verb in sentences with negative pronouns will always be in the affirmative form!

So, negative pronouns include:

• No (none - can be placed before any noun);
• None (none of);
• Neither (neither of the two);
• Nobody (no one - in relation to people);
• Nothing (nothing - in relation to objects).

She has no money. (She doesn't have (any) money.)

Indefinite pronouns

The largest group of pronouns, having different kinds, and the most problematic for children just learning English. This, first of all, includes the pronouns some (some) and any (any), which form the following series of cognate words:

• Some - somebody (someone), something (something), someone (someone);
• Any - anybody (anyone), anything (anything), anyone (anyone).

Pronouns formed from some are used in affirmative sentences. Pronouns with any in affirmative sentences have the meaning “any”, but are more often used in questions and negations and are not translated in any way.

In addition, the group of indefinite pronouns includes the following pronouns:

• Each (each is about a group of objects);
• Every (each of the objects separately);
• Either (one or the other);
• Everybody (everyone) (every person);
• Everything (every object, everything);
• Other (other);
• Another (another, one more);
• Both (both, both);
• All (all, all, everything, everything);
• One (instead of a repeated noun or in an impersonal clause).

Indefinite pronouns are used when it is not possible or necessary to accurately indicate a person, object, their characteristics and quantity.

Examples:

• You have everything. (You have everything)
• Give me another whiskey. (Give me some more whiskey)

What have we learned?

There are ten groups of pronouns in English. These are personal, possessive, reciprocal, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, connective, negative and indefinite pronouns. Each category of pronouns has its own character traits and rules of use that need to be learned.

Test on the topic

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