Metal formwork with steel deck. Removable and non-removable metal formwork: weight and characteristics, GOST, production, price

Arranging the foundation involves installing a formwork structure. Concrete solution is poured into this form. As a rule, wood is used to construct formwork, but more and more often builders are giving preference to polystyrene foam frames, which perform similar functions, but with a higher technical level. Metal formwork is also used, which works well in certain cases.

Areas of use

Installing metal formwork for pouring the foundation is an innovative solution that allows you to achieve high-quality performance. This equipment is used for the construction of objects and structures for various purposes - reinforced concrete foundations, walls, columns, ceilings and other elements of buildings under construction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Steel formwork, like other metal structures, has advantages in terms of strength and load-bearing capabilities. If you install a non-removable type, then a long operational period should be added to the main advantages.

According to this criterion, a metal formwork structure is compared with a polystyrene system, and the performance indicators will be approximately the same.

The fundamental difference lies in the dimensions and shapes - metal sheets thinner, do not take up much space, but polystyrene is distinguished by the variety of produced forms.

Considering the economic effect, we conclude that metal is somewhat more expensive than wood, but in relation to plastic it is cheaper.

True, delivery of metal formwork to the construction site will take some time and require the use of special lifting equipment. The same condition applies to the installation work on its installation.

The installation of an aluminum formwork system looks more simplified, but in this option there are restrictions on the choice of fastening and joining with the reinforcing frame. Reinforcing bars, in extreme cases, are welded into the metal surface of the formwork, and in the case of aluminum panels, expensive welding will be required, which will entail additional costs.

Among the advantages should be added:

strength and rigidity of metal structures that can withstand the pressure created by concrete mortar;
the smooth surface of monolithic elements of an object, obtained after pouring into steel formwork. By the way, panels are separated from concrete much easier;
possibility of repeated use of removable metal formwork – up to five hundred cycles.

Metal formwork panels are protected from corrosion.

Types of metal formwork

The production of metal formwork involves the production of several types of structures, the choice of which depends on the design assignment and the upcoming construction volumes. In most cases, the three most popular options are used.

Beam-transom

An excellent solution for the construction of prefabricated monolithic or monolithic structures of floors, foundations, columns, load-bearing walls.

Beam-transom technology allows you to fill complex structures with certain values curvature of bends. The equipment is popular for the construction of objects with elements of architectural decoration.

The formwork is lightweight, easy to install, and can be disassembled quickly. There is the possibility of repeated use without additional cleaning of the shields between cycles. The main advantage is that it can be used in combination with other formwork systems.

Large-shield

The shields are large in size. The structure is prefabricated, reinforced with vertical and horizontal stiffening ribs.

The main task of application is to form large and tall vertical structures. Large-panel formwork is used for concreting walls, because the structure is able to withstand significant load forces created by concrete. By using additional elements, it becomes possible to form a long and tall structure.

Professional builders use adjustable large-panel formwork, because installation and dismantling of the system requires the use of special equipment.

The basis of the set consists of large shields connected to each other with special fasteners. During installation, jacks are used to help adjust the position of each panel.

Small shield

This type of formwork is deservedly popular in both professional and private construction.

The formwork kit consists of:

panels in direct contact with concrete mortar;
supporting elements fixing the panels in the required positions;
fastenings.

The small panel formwork system allows the casting of structures up to fifteen meters in height. It is often used when constructing a foundation, because after the concrete has hardened, the panels can be easily removed and used at the next site.

One of the advantages of such formwork is its versatility. The system can be used not only for the construction of residential buildings, but also for the construction of outbuildings.

Separately, the high economic effect is noted - the formwork is used repeatedly, fully recouping its own costs and helping to quickly begin to make a profit.

Characteristics

When making metal formwork, sheets are used, the thickness of which varies between 2 - 3 mm. Despite the significant cost of the material, its use provides certain advantages, which include:

the possibility of installing any configuration for the foundation;
additional waterproofing;
universality of the system;
creating smooth surfaces;
excellent solution for monolithic and strip bases;
ease of cladding;
maximum hardness index.

The steel used for the manufacture of formwork has certain technical characteristics:

shield height – from 0.6 to 3 m;
width – 0.25 – 1.2 m;
the frame is used up to 300 times, formwork panels – up to 80;
deflection indicator – up to 1/400 of the span;
maximum pressure concrete mixture– 75 – 80 kPa.

The panel frame is represented by a closed contour made of a rectangular or edge profile. When creating wood-metal formwork, plywood is used sheet material, the thickness of which reaches two centimeters.

Installation

You can assemble metal formwork yourself. Installation is carried out with separate panels or pre-assembled panels of five to six panels.

The formwork elements are connected with tension screws threaded into the conical holes of the frames. Before connecting, it is best to place the screw in a tube of plastic material to protect it from being flooded with solution. The length of the tube is determined by the thickness of the structure being built.

To install formwork in one tier using panels 1.2 - 2.5 m in height, you will need a pair of tie elements. If you plan to install a two-tier structure, then three ties are needed for each panel. Unused technological holes are closed with plastic plugs.

The connection of adjacent panel elements is carried out with locks, the number of which depends on the height of the tier and the location of the joints to the corner sections. To fasten the outer shield, they use pins rather than locks. All horizontal elements are secured with screw ties.

To connect the extensions with the main elements of the formwork, a pair of wedge locks are installed. If the structure exceeds 2.5 m in height, the connection is made using a wedge device and a leveling beam with a pivot. The number of connecting elements is determined by the width of the additional panels.

Quite often, the panels of a wall structure are connected by inserts. If their size is less than 0.2 m, then fastening is carried out with a universal lock. Installation of inserts exceeding this length requires the use of locks and alignment beams.

Additional inserts guarantee maximum tensile strength of the system.

First of all, external panels are installed, which are fixed with struts. Then the inner row shields are attached.

Correctly performed installation guarantees:

reliability of fastening of embedded parts;
density of joining of structural elements with the concrete surface and additional elements;
strength of fixation of strut elements and brackets;
compliance with horizontal and vertical axes.

Metal formwork – perfect solution both for low-rise and high-rise construction!

Depending on the material of manufacture, it is customary to distinguish several types of formwork. Each of them has its own advantages, but the most popular is collapsible metal formwork (inventory). It ensures maximum quality of concrete casting and allows you to reduce your budget construction work. Below we will dwell on this in more detail.

Specifications

— Low moisture absorption. Unlike wood, metal does not absorb moisture, this allows the concrete to harden at an optimal speed, acquiring maximum strength and uniformity.

— No roughness on work surface. Metal formwork panels have a perfectly smooth contact surface. This feature guarantees high quality concrete casting and eliminates the need for subsequent grinding.

— High strength. Special high-strength locks are used to connect all structural elements. They ensure the structure's resistance to the most severe operating loads.

— Quick assembly and dismantling. Installation of metal formwork and its subsequent disassembly is so simple that even novice builders can cope with this task. Required condition is high-quality lubrication of all contact surfaces with a separating lubricant. This will prevent concrete from sticking and make the dismantling process as quick and simple as possible.

- Cost-effective in the long term. Although the price of metal formwork is high, if it is used repeatedly, it pays for itself very quickly and allows you to reduce the budget for construction work. If you comply basic rules care and maintenance, this type of formwork can easily withstand several hundred work cycles. It is not afraid of corrosion processes, temperature changes and deformations.

Perhaps the only drawback is that the installation of metal formwork in most cases is carried out using special lifting equipment. This is due to the high mass of the shields. Of course, there are options for formwork made from light aluminum alloys, but they are not suitable for commercial use.

Installation of metal formwork

Metal formwork includes the following structural elements:

A set of panels, after installation of which the required shape is formed for pouring concrete.
A set of fasteners that ensure reliable fixation of all formwork elements.
Various auxiliary elements for solving highly specialized problems.

Inventory metal formwork there are several types:

Typically used for casting large-scale concrete structures with simple geometric shapes. Gained the greatest popularity in the construction of foundations and monolithic walls of great length.

Large panel inventory metal formwork

This type formwork was developed to create small concrete products with complex shapes.

Small panel inventory metal formwork

Used for shaped concrete casting. Often used in the manufacturing process of various small architectural forms.

Prefabricated metal formwork: installation

Although inventory metal formwork is a fairly simple product, it definitely requires correct installation. First of all, craftsmen should select the optimal type of formwork system, taking into account all the technical features of the future concrete structure. IN general outline, the installation procedure is as follows:

preparation of the construction site;
delivery of all components to the site;
temporary fastening of structural formwork elements;
alignment of the formwork system in vertical and horizontal planes;
rigid fixation of panels and auxiliary elements using the included fasteners;
laying reinforcing elements into the prepared form.

If all installation rules are followed and the performers have some experience, you can create perfect shape for pouring concrete without gaps at joints. This will prevent concrete leakage and will allow us to produce a monolithic concrete product of the highest quality.

Metal formwork for foundation

It is distinguished by its large shield size and can easily withstand the enormous pressure of the concrete mixture. Can be made from either steel or aluminum. Installation requires the use of specialized construction equipment. Metal prefabricated formwork for foundations is common in both low-rise and high-rise construction.

Formwork for walls

It is practically no different from foundation formwork, with the only difference being that increased demands are placed on the quality of execution of its structural elements. With its help you can quickly fill straight and curly lines. vertical structures great height.

Column formwork

Collapsible metal formwork for columns is used in the process of casting products over 3 meters high. With its help you can create columns of square, cylindrical, oval and other complex shapes. Depending on the design and quality of service, such systems can easily withstand from 10 to 300 operating cycles!

Floor formwork

The dimensions of metal floor formwork are adjusted individually for each object. It allows you to cast rectangular, cantilever and round shape. If all installation rules are followed, this formwork system makes it possible to create structures with a high-quality front surface that does not require further finishing. Depending on its design, floor formwork can be:

frame;
on telescopic stands;
on volumetric racks.

Permanent metal formwork

In some cases, professionals use a permanent formwork system. Its essence lies in the fact that after pouring concrete it is not dismantled, but remains as a supporting element. This type of formwork can serve as waterproofing, insulation or a decorative external covering. It is easy to install and does not require heavy lifting mechanisms.

Advantages and application of metal formwork in monolithic construction

The scope of application is practically unlimited. With its help, you can cast foundations, erect walls, ceilings, columns, build bridges and tunnels. The main advantage is the possibility of repeated use. A metal formwork system can significantly reduce construction costs. Due to the high speed of installation and dismantling, the construction time of buildings is significantly reduced. If you have the necessary components, metal formwork allows you to create an airtight form for pouring shaped concrete products.

Rent of metal formwork

Once again, the use of metal formwork systems is justified and economically feasible for large-scale or commercial construction. Their cost is quite high, but it pays for itself many times over in several work cycles. For one-time use the best option will be - rental of metal formwork.

Offers to rent absolutely any type of formwork at reasonable prices. We independently deliver all the necessary components and calculate the formwork configuration taking into account all technical nuances future building. Next, our craftsmen independently carry out assembly and dismantling.

Any rented metal formwork complies with GOST and is in impeccable technical condition. Discounts are provided for regular customers. Contact us!

What type of structure is called steel formwork?

Depending on requirements construction project a special collapsible, adjustable structure in the form of steel formwork is used. It gives any monolithic structure a certain geometric shape. The design includes shields, as well as additional components and connecting elements.

Large panel formwork is produced in accordance with the standards of GOST 52085 of 2003.
In order for the steel formwork to be a ready-made and stable structure, it is necessary to pre-fabricate the panels. To manufacture them in accordance with regulatory requirements A high quality profile is used. The finished frame is lined with laminated plywood, which serves as protective coating.
The height of one steel shield can reach three meters. If it is necessary to “increase” the height of the structure, the use of so-called additional panels is allowed. Items may be different types at the request of the customer in accordance with the requirements of the construction project.

In modern monolithic construction The most commonly used formwork is permanent type. According to its characteristics, it is universal, as it can easily be adapted to other buildings.
High-quality formwork should be characterized by high load-bearing capacity, resistance to deformation, strength and stable geometric dimensions.

Steel panel formwork

The monolithic structure receives its final geometric shape thanks to high-quality steel panels. Depending on the type of construction project, panels come in different types:
- hinged shield
This element allows you to form large angles up to 135 degrees.
- angle of internal, external and zero type
For the construction of structures with right angles.
- universal shield
Used on straight sections.
- stripping corner
- radial shield

What auxiliary elements are used for formwork?

These can be various components, ranging from locks to pins, couplers, struts, spacers, grips, scaffolding, depending on the type of formwork and technical requirements.
What is steel formwork?
We are talking about large-panel formwork, which is necessary for the construction of industrial, road or civil complexes. Thanks to the auxiliary structure, it is possible to create strong and stable monolithic structures, erect walls, and form columns.
The Formwork Leader Group company will supply panel formworks that meet all building regulations. The products are reliable, safe, durable, and have an affordable price.
Why steel formwork?

In construction it is important that every element finished design was reliable and strong. Formwork can be considered the basis of the future building. Therefore, it is recommended to approach its choice responsibly and competently. You need to pay attention to the following points:
- on product quality;
- for a guaranteed service life;
- compliance with building codes;
- a list of declared characteristics;
- on the price of the structure;
- on design features.

Metal formwork - efficient design when arranging the foundation and walls of buildings. Thanks to its use, the appearance of defects at the joints is eliminated. This is almost impossible to avoid when installing wooden formwork.

The main design element is shields. For their fastening, slopes, racks and struts are used. The deck is the main part of the structure. It comes into contact with the concrete surface. The type of building being erected and the design load are the main factors affecting the strength of the formwork.

Formwork is divided into:

removable;
non-removable.

The removable structure is removed after pouring and hardening the concrete solution. This formwork can be used several times. Its inner surface, which comes into contact with the concrete, should be as smooth as possible. Scope of application: construction of several monolithic structures having different configurations.

Permanent formwork is constructed in combination with thermal insulation material. In most cases this design is a hollow block with grooves that connect adjacent elements. The main area of use of non-removable products is the construction of walls.

To produce metal formwork for foundations, materials such as steel or aluminum are used. The steel structure is more resistant to mechanical stress. But it is susceptible to corrosion. The aluminum frame is lightweight and will last much longer. But his device is more expensive.

Design characteristics

To create metal formwork, sheets 1-2 mm thick are used. Despite the high cost, the use of this material has its advantages. These include:

foundation installation of any configuration;
additional waterproofing;
versatility;
creating a completely smooth surface;
ideal for monolithic and strip foundations (due to reinforcement welded to the formwork);
simplicity of cladding (with a significant elevation of the base of the house above the ground);
maximum rigidity;
ease of installation work.

Steel formwork has the following technical characteristics:

shield height - 0.6-3 m;
their width is 0.25-1.2 m;
frame turnover - up to 300 cycles, deck - up to 80 cycles;
deflection - no more than 1/400 of the span;
concrete pressure - 75-80 kPa.

The shield frame is closed loop, for the manufacture of which 2 types of profiles are used: rectangular (for stiffeners) and edge (located along the perimeter of the boards). To create the deck, plywood is used, which is up to 2 cm thick.

Preparatory work

When laying the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the freezing depth of the soil. For this reason, steel formwork must be laid to a depth of at least 0.7-0.8 m.

To carry out quality work you will need following materials and tools:

ready-made shields;
wooden pegs;
dye;
hammer;
brush;
spanners;
screwdriver;
pliers;
mounting grip;
struts;
leveling beams;
building level;
plumb line;
roulette;
wire;
special locks (extended and wedge);
brackets;
kingpin;
coupling screws;
plastic tubes and cones;
nuts and washers;
traffic jams.

At the preliminary stage, surface marking is carried out. Correct location foundation axes are checked using a tensioned wire. And formworks are made using plumb lines that are lowered from a wire.

Before the aluminum formwork is installed, beacons must be installed. They are wooden stakes that are driven flush with the base. Marks are made on the lighthouses with paint, which should be used as a guide when installing shields and supporting elements.

The following requirements apply to the installation site:

it must be cleared of debris and dirt;
the surface is leveled by cutting off the protruding bumps;
installation of panels is carried out without adding soil;
supporting elements of the structure are installed only on a fixed base (without seasonal soil movements).

The part of the formwork that will come into contact with the concrete surface is coated with a special lubricant. This improves the adhesive properties of the coating and ensures reliable protection formwork from environmental influences (corrosion, frost).

Stages of installation work

You can assemble the structure yourself. But aluminum formwork for rent is also a good option. Installation can be carried out using either individual panels or pre-assembled panels (but no more than 5-6 panels measuring 3x1.2 m).

The elements are connected using coupling screws (with washers and nuts), which are threaded into conical holes in the shield frames. It is recommended to place the tightening screws in a plastic tube. This ensures their reliable protection from the influence of concrete. The length of the plastic tube must correspond to the thickness of the wall being built.

When installing wall formwork with one tier using panels 1.2-2.5 m high, 2 height screws are sufficient. If the structure is erected from 2 tiers with panels over 2.5 m high, then there should be 3 tension screws on each side. Unused holes are closed with plugs or plastic cones.

Adjacent panels are connected using locks. Their number depends on the height of the elements and the proximity of the joint to the outer corner. When the outer shield is attached, pins are used instead of locks. Horizontal parts are fixed using tightening screws.

To connect the additional elements with the main panels, 2 wedge locks are installed. When installing a structure that is too high (over 2.5 m), the connection to the main panels occurs using wedge locks and leveling beams with pins. Their number depends on the width of the additional panel.

Often, when constructing wall formwork, the panels are connected by additional inserts. If the size of the additional insert is less than 0.2 m, then universal locks are used to secure them. When installing inserts longer than 0.2 m, locks and leveling beams must be used. The use of additional inserts guarantees maximum tensile strength of the structure.

First, the installation of external panels is carried out, for fixing which struts are used. After which the internal panels are attached. Slinging of the structure is done using a mounting grip. Each panel is lifted by 2 points.

ABOUT high-quality implementation installation work is evidenced by:

correct fastening of embedded elements;
tight joints of formwork parts with a concrete surface and additional elements;
reliable fixation of struts and brackets;
coincidence along the axes of the horizontal and vertical parts of the formwork.

As for the installation of a metal structure, differences in surface heights of no more than 2 mm are allowed.

There are two main types of formwork that exist and are used in construction: this is the so-called small-panel formwork of a prefabricated type, reusable and single-use. Reusable formwork is used in the construction of monolithic structures of various configurations and purposes, often these are monolithic load-bearing columns and floors.

Photo

With your own hands

Metal formwork and its features

Unified collapsible formwork is a metal formwork or a combination of metal and wood. Metal formwork is made of corners, channels and metal sheets 2 mm thick. This formwork design is more durable and therefore practical; metal formwork can be reused almost 200 times. The design of metal formwork allows, if it is a unified collapsible formwork, to assemble and install large-sized formwork panels. The area of these panels can reach 35 square meters. The use of unified formwork allows you to assemble and install rigid formwork blocks and reinforcement and formwork blocks using a crane. In addition to the unified collapsible formwork, there is another form of metal formwork - block form.

A block mold is a steel mold, completely removable and rigid, intended for concreting foundations of the same type. Installation of block formwork with a crane. Metal foundation formwork in the form of a block form is installed on the concrete preparation. This form of metal foundation formwork is economical to use for a large number of foundations of the same type. Block-shaped metal formwork can have a transformable metal formwork design, then it can be used for several standard sizes of foundation. Metal sliding formwork is used for concreting tall structures with a compact perimeter and a plan shape that is constant in height. When constructing pipes, stiffening cores of residential buildings, silos at elevators, and high-rise residential buildings, metal sliding formwork is used.

How to make metal formwork? The formwork structure consists of formwork panels, which are suspended from a U-shaped jacking frame, jacks and a working platform, suspended scaffolding and oil pipelines. The height of the metal formwork at this moment is usually 1100 - 1200 mm. The formwork design covers the concrete structure along the outer and internal contours. How to make formwork if the cross-section is round? This metal formwork consists of two concentrically located walls, which are attached to the inner and outer circles. To make lifting easier, the metal formwork is tapered. The design of this type of formwork is all-metal, making it more rigid. Such metal formwork is used repeatedly, i.e. inventory The erection of formwork is carried out using jacks; they rest on jacking rods installed inside the formwork of the structure being erected. The jacks climb the rods and pull the formwork along with them. In block-shaped metal formwork, the working floor is made of wood, it is laid on metal purlins (lightweight) and secured to the uprights of U-shaped frames, and scaffolding for other work is also attached here. Climbing metal formwork design is used to concrete high-rise structures in the shape of a cone or rectangular shape sections of different sizes. This metal formwork is made of steel sheets and angles assembled in the form of panels. The design of metal formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete pipes and other conical structures consists of two conical shells. They are suspended from radial guides, which are attached to a ring frame suspended on hinges by a mine hoist. The outer shell consists of trapezoidal panels that provide a tapered shape. The panels are rigidly fastened along the top using a special lining, and to each other at the side ends using bolted connections. The panels of the inner shell are half the height and are hung in two tiers. The metal formwork is moved to a higher tier after the required concrete strength has been achieved in the lower tier; concreting is carried out layer by layer.

Characteristics

Types of formwork-cladding

Cladding formwork is a form assembled from reinforced concrete and reinforced cement slabs; steel or asbestos-cement sheets that are included in the structure and work with it as one whole.

Formwork-cladding performs two functions: formwork for concreting and protective, or decorative, cladding. To increase the durability of reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to ensure the best adhesion between the cladding formwork and the mass concrete.

The formwork-cladding is manufactured at construction industry enterprises and installed using cranes in concreting blocks. In this case, labor-intensive operations of removing formwork are eliminated.

Reinforced concrete formwork-cladding is used for massive monolithic structures (column and strip foundations, walls more than 0.5 mg thick, lower wells and caissons, supports for bridges and overpasses, grillages, etc.). Cladding formwork is also widely used for massive foundations under technological equipment, in particular rolling mills, heavy presses, hammers, etc.

Reinforced concrete formwork-cladding. In industrial construction, formwork-cladding is used in the form of flat and ribbed reinforced concrete slabs. The width of flat formwork slabs is 1 m with a thickness of 5-6 cm. Their length is taken depending on the size of the structures, but not more than 4 m. For better adhesion to concrete, such slabs are given a rough active surface, and in critical cases they are equipped with special anchors release loops

Ribbed formwork slabs (3-1, g) have a width of 0.6 or 1.2 m and a length of up to 6 m. In addition to the rough active surface, for better adhesion in the ribs, through holes with a diameter of 2.5-3 cm are installed in increments of 20-25 see. When laying concrete, cement mortar, falling into these holes, forms a kind of anchoring dowels, which contributes to reliable adhesion of the formwork-cladding to the concrete of the massif,

In hydraulic engineering construction, reinforced concrete formwork-cladding made of flat slabs with maximum dimensions of 2.5X5.0 m and a thickness of 8 cm is used. Such slabs have a rough active surface and anchoring loops-outlets that serve to fasten the formwork-cladding.

Formwork slabs are transported and stored in special containers in the “edge” position (3-2). The formwork-cladding is installed into the concreting blocks using cranes. In this case, slabs with mounting loops are raftered using them (3-3, a). The mounting loops then have to be cut or bent.

In lightly reinforced massifs and thin walls, formwork slabs are secured using inventory metal or wooden purlins, which are removed after concreting (.3-7). After dismantling the purlins, the protruding ends of the strands are cut flush with outer surface formwork, and the seams between the slabs are sealed with cement mortar.

Formwork-cladding made of ribbed reinforced concrete slabs is used for very massive structures (for example, for foundations for rolling equipment). Such slabs are secured to reinforced concrete posts by welding or using screw clamps (3-8).

Reinforced cement and glass cement formwork-cladding. Reinforced cement is high-strength, fine-grained concrete, dispersedly reinforced with steel woven mesh.

Reinforced-cement formwork slabs have a width of 2.5-3.5 cm, a width of 1 m and a maximum length of 3.5 m. Their width is determined by the size of standard woven mesh, and their length is determined by the size of the formwork surface. The slabs have a finely rough active surface, and in some cases also anchoring loops.

Reinforced cement formwork-cladding is used for concreting powerful columns and pylons, foundations for industrial building and equipment, tunnels, manholes, etc. Due to their increased water resistance, reinforced cement slabs can simultaneously serve as waterproofing for underground structures when digging groundwater up to 15 m water column.

For the production of reinforced cement formwork slabs, fine-grained (sandy) concrete grade 300 on Portland cement grade 500 is used. The slabs are reinforced with two woven meshes with cells of 8-10 mm and a wire diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm. You can apply reinforcement in the form of a combined reinforcement package consisting of two woven meshes sandwiched between welded mesh rods with a diameter of 6-8 mm.

Reinforced-cement formwork, like reinforced concrete formwork, is transported and stored in the “edge-on” position in special containers (see 3-2). They install it with cranes. Reinforced cement slabs are fastened in basically the same way as reinforced concrete slabs. However, due to their smaller thickness and rigidity, the step between the fastening elements is reduced to 0.5-0.7 m. For the same reason, such formwork is usually secured using inventory purlins (3-9). Glass-cement formwork-cladding has the form of slabs with a thickness of 12-20 mm, a width of up to 1.2 and a length of up to 2.5 m. For the manufacture of such formwork, low-basic cements, in particular aluminous ones, are used. The slabs are reinforced with several layers of fiberglass or chopped fiberglass. Glass and cement boards can be sawed with electric saws, and holes can also be drilled into them. Thanks to the increased water resistance of glass cement, the formwork-cladding serves as a reliable waterproofing of underground structures.

Metal formwork-cladding. The structures of reinforced concrete structures are lined with steel sheets under particularly difficult operating conditions. Steel cladding can serve as reliable waterproofing, protect concrete from abrasion and from radioactive radiation.

Metal formwork-cladding is installed, as a rule, on one side of a reinforced concrete structure. For its manufacture, steel sheets with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm are used, from which enlarged panels with an area of up to 50 m2 are assembled. The rigidity of the panels is ensured by welding the channels, which remain in the concrete and provide a connection between the cladding and the concrete. For the same purpose, “whiskers” made of round steel with a diameter of 12-16 mm are welded to the sheets.

All welds must be watertight; they are subjected to density tests. The panels are mounted in the designed position using cranes; They are secured using electric welding.

Mesh formwork. For concreting structures and structures whose side surfaces may deviate slightly from the plane, mesh formwork is used. It is used for concreting the walls of basements, manholes, tunnels, foundation cups, etc.

As formwork, you can use steel woven mesh with cells from 5x5 to 12x12 mm and a wire diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm. Mesh formwork can be removable or permanent. Removable mesh formwork (3-10) is made of mesh with a cell of 10X10 or 12X12 mm. To prevent the leakage of cement laitance from concrete, a layer of roofing felt or roofing felt is laid in front of the mesh on the concrete side, which is pressed to the mesh with reinforcing clamping rods on twists of knitting wire. The individual mesh panels are sewn together with knitting wire.

The mesh formwork is secured using vertical "" rods with a diameter of 22-25 mm, which are connected by welding shorts. The pressure of the concrete mixture on the mesh formwork is perceived by external vertical rods, and through short rods it is transmitted to the elements of the reinforcement frame. After concreting and curing, the mesh is removed for reuse.

Permanent mesh formwork is made from mesh with smaller cells (5x5 or 8x8 mm) (3-11). The mesh, sewn from individual panels, is attached to the reinforced frame using twists and vertical rods with a diameter of 22-25 mm. To reduce the leakage of cement lait, the slump of the concrete mixture cone is taken from 0 to 3" cm. During the process of vibration compaction, the cement lait fills the cells of the mesh, which ends up in the concrete. After concreting, only the vertical fastening rods are removed, while the mesh remains in the concrete.

In some cases, mesh formwork is more economical than inventory formwork. It is also used where removing formwork is difficult (for example, to form working joints in walls and slabs of large thickness)

Firms

Inventory metal climbing formwork

Inventory metal climbing formwork is used for the construction of high-rise reinforced concrete structures of a conical shape with a variable wall section in height. This formwork can also be used to construct cylindrical reinforced concrete high-rise structures. The lifting of this formwork - its outer panels - is carried out every 2.5 m in height using a special lifting head supported on a mine hoist, or worm hoists fixed in the rack units of a mine hoist located inside the structure under construction. Internal formwork panels are dismantled every 1.25 m in height and installed for concreting the overlying tier of the structure.

Inventory metal dismountable (panel) formwork is used for the construction of high-rise reinforced concrete structures of various shapes - hyperbolic, conical, biconical, cylindrical, polygonal, etc. - with a constant and variable wall section in height. The panels of the internal and external formwork are dismantled every 1 m in height and installed for concreting the overlying sections. Rearrangement of formwork panels is carried out from internal steel tubular scaffolds, external suspended scaffolds and from suspended cradles of the unit.

Instructions

Types of formwork

The most common are wooden formwork, plywood formwork, metal formwork: steel formwork or aluminum formwork, reinforced concrete formwork, plastic formwork, combined formwork and some others. We would like to offer you plastic formwork. Before outlining the advantages of this type of formwork, let's consider the disadvantages of others. These do not include formwork Ukraine or Epic Eco.

Wooden formwork

Wooden formwork is made from softwood. This formwork has low thermal conductivity, which is a positive quality in the conditions of Siberia and the North of Russia, but not the Ukrainian formwork. For our region, this factor is not significant. Its main disadvantages are low strength and change in shape when exposed to moisture. Wooden formwork is also subject to deformation during transportation and drying. The result is warping, opening of the seams between the boards, and cracking, which Epic Eco formwork is not susceptible to.

Plywood formwork

Plywood formwork is a high-turnover type of formwork, but not as durable as Epic Eco. To achieve this effect, this formwork must be waterproof. The best solution is laminated plywood. Laminated plywood sheets are used for sheathing only. The supporting frame is made of metal or wood. Plywood formwork has low thermal conductivity and low weight. This formwork is relatively inexpensive. Its main disadvantages are the hygroscopicity of the perimeter of the sheets and the low mechanical strength of the laminate. Expensive as a percentage of the cost of restoration work. What formwork Ukraine or Epic Eco is not susceptible to.

Metal formwork

Metal steel formwork is more expensive than wooden formwork, which is the main disadvantage. However, when using it, there is practically no deformation, regardless of the weather conditions in which the structures are erected. The disadvantages include high thermal conductivity. Another disadvantage is the need to use crane during construction and demoulding. Epic Eco formwork does not require a crane during construction.

Metal aluminum formwork is much lighter than steel. Namely, three times, while maintaining the same characteristics. This allows formwork and stripping to be erected manually, without the use of lifting equipment. Disadvantages - high cost, concrete sticks strongly to aluminum formwork, which requires constant cleaning costs. When connected to other formwork elements, galvanic couples occur, which leads to the destruction of aluminum components. Epic Eco formwork does not form a galvanic couple. If you type formwork Ukraine in the search engine, then the best choice is Epic Eco formwork.

Reinforced concrete formwork

Formwork can be assembled without the use of special tools, by workers without prior training other than passing a safety exam. What is the formwork made of? - Made of polypropylene and fiberglass, which gives the structure strength, water resistance, and wear resistance.

High quality and dimensional accuracy of elements
- Durability of plastic formwork. From sixty to twelve kN per square meter.
- The high tightness of the joint gap allows even water not to pass through.
- The weight of the beam is seven and a half kilograms. Size 1.4 meters.
- The strength of the structure allows you to fill the ceiling up to seventy centimeters.
- High speed of installation and demoulding.
- High degree of standardization.
- The cost of pouring the floor is reduced by fifty percent due to durability.
- The operating temperature of the formwork is from minus thirty degrees to plus sixty.

Equipment

Advantages of plastic formwork

The best that currently exists from plastic formwork, so that the price-quality ratio is optimal, is the product of the Epic Eco company. The products of this company are of European quality - this is Ukraine's number one formwork! The main office is located in Slovenia. If metal formwork, despite its advantages, requires up to 50 revolutions, then plastic formwork up to 500 times. This is a construction set for builders. In other words, a prefabricated modular structure made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic panels of seven different standard sizes, plastic fasteners and a plastic beam.

Epic Eco formwork can be assembled without the use of special tools, by workers without prior training other than passing a safety exam. What is Epic Eco formwork made of? - Made of polypropylene and fiberglass, which gives the structure strength, water resistance, and wear resistance.

What are the advantages of Epic Eco plastic formwork?
- Relatively low price. One meter square from two hundred euros.
- Not subject to corrosion, warping, swelling. Moisture resistant.
- Easy. One square meter weighs no more than twenty-two kilograms.
- Formwork elements can be used for both horizontal and vertical surfaces.
- A crane is not required to erect the formwork.
- Four builders will assemble one hundred square meters of formwork in one and a half to two hours.
- Easy to transport due to low weight. One hundred square meters weighs just over two tons.
- Shields can be used up to five hundred times.

Reusable formwork traditionally consists of steel or aluminum panels. Formwork metal reusable , compared to aluminum, is susceptible to corrosion, but it is more resistant to mechanical damage. Monolithic structures allow buildings to be erected in a shorter time; their strength characteristics are much higher than, say, panel or brick buildings. The increased strength characteristics of monolithic buildings make it possible to construct structures that are less voluminous, which reduces concrete consumption. All types of formwork do not require any special conditions for storage and transportation, all these operations can be carried out outdoors and in all weather conditions.

Reusable formwork is advanced technology in the field of construction not only of multi-apartment residential buildings and public buildings, but also in the construction of private facilities, swimming pools and other structures. To order, it is possible to produce formwork of any design, with any dimensions, which allows you to build any object at the request of the customer. The process of assembling and disassembling the formwork does not take much time and does not require highly qualified and skills from the working personnel, which allows you to attract cheaper labor during the construction process.

Installation of formwork is perhaps the most critical stage in the process of manufacturing a reinforced concrete bathtub. It is the quality of installation and fastening of the formwork that determines how the concrete pouring will proceed. The most common defects with poor formwork: bulging of concrete mass due to pressure, collapse of walls, violation of the geometry of the pool.

We use 21 mm thick plywood as formwork. Of course, the use of reusable metal formwork will simplify the formwork installation procedure, but since almost every pool has its own unique shape, different bottom profile and depth, roundings, it is often easier to get by with disposable formwork.

Some tips from experience
1. Do not install embedded elements before pouring concrete. It is better to leave the niches and install them after removing the formwork and leveling the walls.
2. Do not skimp on spacers and ties. It is better to install them every 50 cm.
3. You can use the wall of the house to which the pool adjoins as external formwork, only through a laid divider. Polystyrene foam 5 cm thick is enough.

Foundations and its structure

The foundation is the main load-bearing part, the foundation, the support of any building, any structure. You should start laying the foundation after the location of the house has been chosen, its design has been approved, appearance, internal distribution into rooms, type of foundation and materials. From reliable operation foundations largely depend on the performance of the building, its capital strength and durability. The cost of building foundations is 15-20% of the cost of the house.

It is necessary to start with engineering-geological surveys at the place where the building will stand, since the choice of foundation is influenced by many factors, including the condition and type of soil in the designated area, the level of freezing, the presence of groundwater, the design of the building itself, the load on the foundation, use of basements, etc.

Based on their design (and, accordingly, the method of pressure on the ground), foundations are divided into strip, slab, columnar and pile.

Strip foundations

Strip foundations are the most fashionable among builders. Today they are used in the construction of houses of any type, including those with heavy walls, basements and basements. Strip foundations are laid in a continuous line under all external and internal main walls. Actually, the strip foundation itself is a wall - high or not very high (depending on the depth of the foundation). To install a strip foundation, a pit is first dug. The foundation line is marked inside it. Formwork is installed along this line - hollow temporary walls for pouring concrete. Reusable metal formwork is used throughout, allowing for a neat foundation.

After the formwork is installed, reinforcing metal reinforcement is placed in it and then filled with concrete. The remaining voids between the walls of the constructed foundation are filled with the same soil that was removed when digging the pit. Then the soil is compacted and, if necessary, a concrete floor for the basement or ground floor is laid on it. The foundation walls in this case become the walls of the basement or basement. Horizontal floors are installed on the foundation walls - solid or in the form of beams, after which they begin to build the walls of the house.

Prefabricated strip foundations consist of individual blocks; they are made in building structures factories. They are installed in the pit using a crane, and then connected to each other with cement mortar.

In heaving and deeply frozen soils, shallow strip foundations are used. For their construction, they do not dig pits - they make do with shallow trenches. Moreover, such strip foundations are made not only from concrete (monolithic or prefabricated), but also - just like thousands of years ago! - made of stone or brick. This is especially practiced in the construction of light prefabricated panels and chopped wooden houses. Moreover, brick is the least preferable, since it actively absorbs water and begins to quickly deteriorate.

Slab foundations

Foundations Slab foundations are also quite popular and widespread. Thanks to the rigid structure - a monolithic slab made under the entire area of the building, they are not afraid of any movement of the soil: the slab moves with it, protecting it from destruction of the house structure. The solid slab of such foundations is made of reinforced concrete and has rigid reinforcement along the entire load-bearing plane. This further increases their resistance to loads arising from freezing, thawing and soil subsidence.

Slab foundations are built mainly on problematic soils - heaving and subsidence. Their use is especially justified on wet soils with high groundwater levels. Slab foundations prove to be ideal for creating waterproof protection for basements and basements.

To build a slab foundation, first a pit is dug, then it is compacted and a cushion is made at the bottom from a layer of sand and a layer of gravel. Waterproofing material is laid on top of them. Pour over the waterproofing thin layer concrete. And then the reinforcement is laid and concrete solution is pumped into the pit. On the slab constructed in this way, a belt monolithic foundation under load-bearing walls Houses. In the future, the foundation slab can become the floor of the basement.

Slab foundations are quite expensive due to high expenses for excavation work, concrete and metal reinforcement. Therefore, to save money, designers sometimes suggest making do with a monolithic strip foundation, and doing the floor in the basement or basement separately. Unfortunately, this design does not provide reliable waterproofing, and is more susceptible to drawdowns. Monolithic slab turns out to be preferable in many cases.

Columnar foundations

Foundations Columnar foundations are placed under wooden houses with light walls and without basements - log, frame, panel. Pillars are erected in all corners and at the intersection points of walls. Pillars can be made of various materials - concrete, natural stone, brick. The distance between the pillars usually does not exceed 2.5-3.0 m. To create a rigid, stable structure, strapping beams (metal or wood) are laid on top of the pillars. The use of such foundations on sites with height differences is impossible: there is a danger of them overturning due to lateral soil pressure.

To insulate the underground space and prevent snow, moisture and dust from getting in between the pillars, a so-called fence is made - a wall connecting them. For this, brick, concrete or rubble masonry 10-20 cm thick is used. The fence is buried 20-30 cm into the ground. If the soil is heaving, then a sand cushion 15-20 cm thick is also placed under the fence. It is very important not to forget that that the fence needs ventilation holes on each side of the house. They are closed for the winter.

Columnar foundations are 1.5-2 times more economical in terms of material consumption and labor costs, and when laid deep, even 3-5 times more economical than strip foundations. But, unfortunately, not all houses can be built on such simple and inexpensive foundations.

FoundationsPile foundations are used where upper layer the soil cannot withstand greater weight, and removing it to denser layers and placing a foundation on them turns out to be too expensive an undertaking - for the reason that they start too deep. They are also used at high groundwater levels and on quicksand. Pile foundations are typical, for example, in Venice and St. Petersburg. Piles are pillars with a pointed lower end. They are hammered or screwed into the ground. For obvious reasons, screw piles are more stable. They are like giant screws, but are screwed in using small-sized equipment. This technology helps preserve the pristine landscape and has minimal technogenic impact on and around the construction site. Types: driven piles, pillar piles, screw piles, shell piles, cast-in-place piles. Passing through weak layers of soil, the pile rests on harder ones and transfers the load from the building to them. Load bearing capacity one pile usually ranges from 2 to 5 tons, that is, it suitable option for large-scale construction. To create a rigid structure, the upper part of all piles is connected by beams. But sometimes the piles are not driven or driven in, but are made directly in the ground. In this case, a well is drilled and a reinforcement cage or hollow pipes, after which the well is filled with concrete. Then the concrete is necessarily compacted by compaction or vibration. How do such piles differ from the pillars that form the foundations?

Types of formwork and their application

Wooden formwork

Elements of wooden formwork absorb moisture from concrete. At the same time, the shape changes and the formwork bends. The formwork is designed for a specific object, which does not allow it to be reused. Formwork Ukraine or Epic Eco allows you to use it repeatedly.

Plywood formwork

Plywood formwork is a high-turnover type of formwork, but not as durable as Epic Eco. To achieve this effect, this formwork must be waterproof. The best solution is laminated plywood. Laminated plywood sheets are used for sheathing only. The supporting frame is made of metal or wood. Plywood formwork has low thermal conductivity and low weight. This formwork is relatively inexpensive. Its main disadvantages are the hygroscopicity of the perimeter of the sheets and the low mechanical strength of the laminate. Expensive as a percentage of the cost of restoration work.

Metal formwork

Metal steel formwork is more expensive than wooden formwork, which is the main disadvantage. However, when using it, there is practically no deformation, regardless of the weather conditions in which the structures are erected. The disadvantages include high thermal conductivity. Another drawback is the need to use a crane during construction and demoulding.

Reinforced concrete formwork

Reinforced concrete formwork is formwork during the concreting process, and subsequently this formwork remains as a separate element of the structure. Disadvantages include difficulty in transportation and installation. Reinforced concrete formwork is practically not used for the construction of buildings.

The content of the article

Formwork is a temporary form-building structure that is designed to produce reinforced concrete and concrete elements. Various materials are used to make formwork.

Permanent formwork is made from expanded polystyrene and reinforced concrete slabs; metal, wood, combined formwork made of synthetic and rubberized materials is removed after the concrete reaches the required strength.

General requirements for formwork

The timing and quality of constructed objects largely depend on the formwork used. For the manufacture of foundations, especially for buildings with a large number of corners, it is advisable to use inventory formwork - reusable structures that allow a large number of installation options.

Inventory formwork systems must fully comply with the requirements for them:

have high structural strength and reliability;
ensure the correctness and immutability of the shape and location of the structure;
depending on the intended purpose, the formwork must have the necessary resistance to deflections and permissible loads;
versatility - this indicator characterizes the possibility of using one type of formwork system for constructing a foundation, walls, ceilings, arched structures;
exact observance of geometric parameters during manufacturing;
long service life.

The most reliable option is metal formwork GOST 23478. In monolithic construction technology, it is used in the construction of foundations, the construction of other reinforced concrete and concrete structures, and the laying of sidewalks. The effectiveness of the formwork system is assessed by the possibility of operational modification in accordance with the object under construction, simplicity and speed of installation.

Production of metal formwork

Metal formwork and connecting elements for it are produced in workshops for the production of metal structures. Blanks of formwork parts are processed with a high class of accuracy.

Metal inventory formwork panels may have deviations in linear dimensions of no more than 2 mm per linear meter, and in the location of holes for connecting parts - 0.5 mm.

Permissible deviations in elements various types formwork systems are determined for each specific case separately, in accordance with the design instructions for formwork.

After the manufacture of individual elements, control assembly of the metal formwork is carried out. Parts that will come into contact with the concrete mixture are coated lubricants, and the remaining surfaces are painted.

All elements of the formwork system are subject to mandatory marking.

Manufacturers of formwork systems pay a lot of attention to the development and production of connecting parts of metal formwork - anchor elements, linings, locks and others.

Factory-made connection elements enable durable and reliable connection formwork elements, increase the speed of installation and the quality of the resulting concrete surface.

The connections of the elements are made in such a way that the frame of the formwork system can withstand significant tensile, compressive and bending loads.

Metal foundation formwork with fastening system can be assembled manually using the most simple tools. Its advantage is also the minimum number of connecting elements required to impart the required rigidity to the structure.

Removable metal formwork: materials for its manufacture

Metal formwork systems have three most common options:

volumetric block,
collapsible,
sliding.

The most popular materials are steel and aluminum.

For load-bearing elements of metal formwork, galvanized or powder-coated steel is used.

The purpose of the coating is not only to protect formwork elements from corrosion, but also to ensure their quick cleaning after use.

Steel is characterized by:

high load-bearing capacity,
increased resistance to deformation.

However, the significant weight and thermal conductivity characteristics of this material somewhat narrow the scope of application of such formwork.

Aluminum is a lightweight metal that is resistant to aggressive environments. To obtain durable formwork systems, an alloy of aluminum and silicon is used. Aluminum alloys are highly resistant to corrosion and do not require additional surface treatment by painting or other methods.

Aluminum formwork is lightweight, three times less than the weight of a steel structure. This quality significantly reduces the monetary and labor costs for transportation and installation of formwork. The aluminum structure can be installed without the use of a crane. The introduction of the extrusion method for the manufacture of aluminum formwork made it possible to increase its rigidity.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal formwork for foundation construction

The main advantages of metal formwork systems are:

rigidity, resistance to deformation;
corrosion resistance;
multiple turnover of metal formwork – at least 50 times;
ease of removal of formwork while observing the lubrication regime for working surfaces;
high quality of the resulting surface.

Metal formwork, the price of which is significantly higher than the cost of plywood or wooden formwork structures, is most often used in industrial construction.

The disadvantages of steel formwork are its high thermal conductivity and significant specific gravity. The downside of the aluminum formwork system is the difficulty of repairing it due to the need to use argon welding.

To increase the accuracy of formwork work with minimal labor costs, templates, jigs and other special devices are used.

Metal formwork is an effective design for arranging the foundation and walls of buildings. Thanks to its use, the appearance of defects at the joints is eliminated. This is almost impossible to avoid when installing wooden formwork.

Formwork is divided into:

removable;
non-removable.

The removable structure is removed after pouring and hardening the concrete solution. This formwork can be used several times. Its inner surface, which comes into contact with the concrete, should be as smooth as possible. Scope of application - construction of several monolithic structures with different configurations.

Permanent formwork is constructed in combination with thermal insulation material. In most cases, this design is a hollow block with grooves that connect adjacent elements. The main area of use of non-removable products is the construction of walls.

Design characteristics

To create metal formwork, sheets 1-2 mm thick are used. Despite the high cost, the use of this material has its advantages. These include:

foundation installation of any configuration;
additional waterproofing;
versatility;
creating a completely smooth surface;
ideal for monolithic and strip foundations (due to reinforcement welded to the formwork);
simplicity of cladding (with a significant elevation of the base of the house above the ground);
maximum rigidity;
ease of installation work.

Steel formwork has the following technical characteristics:

shield height - 0.6-3 m;
their width is 0.25-1.2 m;
frame turnover - up to 300 cycles, deck - up to 80 cycles;
deflection - no more than 1/400 of the span;
concrete pressure - 75-80 kPa.

The frame of the panels is a closed circuit, for the manufacture of which 2 types of profiles are used: rectangular (for stiffeners) and edge (located along the perimeter of the panels). To create the deck, plywood is used, which is up to 2 cm thick.

Preparatory work

When laying the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the freezing depth of the soil. For this reason, steel formwork must be laid to a depth of at least 0.7-0.8 m.

To carry out the work efficiently, you will need the following materials and tools:

ready-made shields;
wooden pegs;
dye;
hammer;
brush;
spanners;
screwdriver;
pliers;
mounting grip;
struts;
leveling beams;
building level;
plumb line;
roulette;
wire;
special locks (extended and wedge);
brackets;
kingpin;
coupling screws;
plastic tubes and cones;
nuts and washers;
traffic jams.

At the preliminary stage, surface marking is carried out. The correct location of the foundation axes is checked using a tensioned wire. And formworks are made using plumb lines that are lowered from a wire.

The following requirements apply to the installation site:

it must be cleared of debris and dirt;
the surface is leveled by cutting off the protruding bumps;
installation of panels is carried out without adding soil;
supporting elements of the structure are installed only on a fixed base (without seasonal soil movements).

The part of the formwork that will come into contact with the concrete surface is coated with a special lubricant. This improves the adhesive properties of the coating and ensures reliable protection of the formwork from environmental influences (corrosion, frost).

Stages of installation work

Sale price: from 4200 rub. / m2

Rental price: from 15 rub. / 1 m2 per day

In order to buy metal formwork for the foundation, call us by phone or send a request by mail. Our specialists will help you place your order.

Delivery throughout Russia and the CIS.

In order to carry out work on rapid construction structures have to use new methods and technologies. Relatively recently, small-panel formwork began to appear on the domestic market, which is a lightweight supporting frame for monolithic architectural objects. Due to the small area of the load-bearing panels, the structure can be installed manually without the need for expensive trucks.

Small-panel formwork is equipped with jack frames and jack stands with the help of which the panels are raised. If the consumer needs formwork with custom sizes, then you can place an order. With the help of this type of formwork, not only time costs, but also material costs will be significantly reduced.

Correct installation of formwork requires compliance with certain rules, namely:

Leveling the soil - formwork installed on a flat surface will prevent leakage of cement laitance.
To install shields, boards or sheets around the entire perimeter, pull a rope that will act as a level.
The formwork must be higher than the height of the foundation. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the edge of the formwork is located in the same horizontal plane - this will allow you to fill the same level.

Formwork material

Collapsible metal formwork includes panel elements and fasteners. Assembling such formwork is quite simple and quick - it can be compared to assembling a children's construction set. The panels are connected to each other using special fasteners and they can be positioned relative to the plane either vertically or horizontally. The advantages of such formwork are perfectly smooth and smooth walls, but there is also a drawback - the high price.

Having determined that future design The formwork will be made of metal, which should also be easy to assemble and disassemble. It must be said that such a prefabricated formwork design puts forward a number of requirements for the material from which it is made - it must be characterized by indispensable rigidity and, of course, durability. Such metal material must meet the following requirements:

The thickness of the sheet metal should be about 2mm. For the foundation, formwork made from panels measuring 2000x500mm will be especially convenient. Also, the work may require shields with dimensions of 1.0-1.5 m.
To make the formwork frame you will need a profile pipe.
To make limiters that will set the thickness of the foundation, you will need to take a pipe with a diameter of ½ inch.
The reliability and strength of the formwork rests on bolts and studs with washers and nuts.

Dissemination of the standard

Foundation formwork made of metal is intended for the purpose of erecting monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The GOST 23478-79 standard applies to structures that consist of several supporting and form-building elements capable of supporting the design dimensions. This standard does not apply to formwork for one-time use in creating unique and monolithic structures, as well as special formwork used as an additional element.

Price

Panel formwork

Name	Size			Price
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,2	X	3	5451
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,25	X	3	5451
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,3	X	3	5600,5
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,4	X	3	6750,5
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,45	X	3	6911,5
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,5	X	3	7291
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,55	X	3	7452
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,6	X	3	7728
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,65	X	3	8119
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,7	X	3	8268,5
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,75	X	3	8584,2
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,8	X	3	8629,8
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,85	X	3	9142,8
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,9	X	3	9234
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	0,95	X	3	9690
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	1	X	3	9758,4
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	1,1	X	3	9963,6
Steel shield Alpha-Monolith	1,2	X	3	10807,2

Floor formwork

Construction formwork is an auxiliary structure used in the monolithic construction of architectural structures to hold building mixtures in a given geometric shape until they are sufficiently hardened.

A formwork system is a set of structural elements (formwork panels, brackets, special locks, shelves, etc.) sufficient to carry out work on the monolithic construction of a building.

Construction formwork can be removable and non-removable.

Removable formwork holds the building mixture in the required shape until it gains sufficient strength to dismantle the formwork. After the building mixture becomes strong enough, the formwork is dismantled and can be used on a new construction site or at a new facility. Removable construction formwork is reusable.

Permanent formwork also serves to hold the concrete mixture in a given shape, but is not dismantled after it hardens. Permanent formwork is disposable and after pouring concrete remains as a component of the floors.

Materials

Traditionally, for many centuries, construction formwork was made from wood. The material, easy to process, was used mainly as formwork for foundations. Today, wooden formwork is used mainly in private, small-scale construction and is not used in the construction of large objects. Significant disadvantages of wooden formwork are low load-bearing capacity and the inability to use it repeatedly.

Metal formwork is widely used in modern construction. The material used in the production of formwork is low-carbon steel (oxidized, galvanized, painted) or aluminum. Metal formwork today is the most convenient and technologically advanced for the construction of any, even the largest and most complex architectural objects.

Expanded polystyrene formwork is permanent. Mainly used in private and small-scale construction. Fixed polystyrene foam formwork partially insulates and soundproofs the building. The disadvantages include the complexity of the work, the price and the impossibility of repeated use.

Design features of metal formwork

The main element of the metal formwork system is the panel, consisting of a frame and the deck itself.

The frame is a rectangular frame with internal crossbars to increase rigidity. A sheet of construction laminated plywood is installed inside the frame. The ends of the plywood sheet are recessed into a metal profile, the gaps are sealed with sealant (to prevent moisture from entering). Formwork panels are assembled into a single system using auxiliary equipment: to install the formwork in a vertical plane, support brackets (one- or two-level) are used, and the panels are tied together with special locks (for both horizontal and vertical assembly). At the top of the formwork system, platforms are attached to the panels for the convenience and safe operation of personnel.

Versatility

Metal formwork can be used for the construction of architectural objects of any complexity, including multi-story buildings. In this case, the same sets of formwork equipment can be used for pouring various surfaces(for example, both walls and columns).

Economic benefit

Metal formwork is more expensive than wooden formwork, but unlike it, it can be used many times (dozens of times before repairs and hundreds of times throughout its entire service life), which significantly reduces the unit cost of construction work. Hundreds of objects can be built using the same formwork kits. Moreover, today it is not at all necessary to buy construction formwork. Many companies specializing in the production of formwork systems offer their clients services such as formwork rental and leasing (financial lease). That is, even during one-time construction, you can profitably use metal formwork.

Ease of use and quality of poured surfaces

Thanks to a well-thought-out design, formwork panels can be assembled into a single system easily, quickly and with high precision. At the same time, the concrete surfaces formed are of high quality - they are even, flat and smooth.

High strength characteristics

Metal formwork has high strength and rigidity and can withstand the pressure of building mixtures well. The load-bearing capacity of steel formwork is significantly higher than that of similar wooden formwork; accordingly, this design allows for much larger volumes of concrete to be poured. Aluminum formwork is slightly inferior to steel in terms of rigidity and strength, but has a lower specific weight, which makes it easier to transport and install.

Maintainability

The main elements of removable formwork are laminated sheet plywood and a metal frame. The weaker link is the plywood sheet. Typically, construction plywood can withstand several dozen pouring cycles, after which it is simply replaced with a new one. Minor local defects on the surface of the plywood sheet can be repaired directly on the construction site (cutting the defect, puttying, stripping and painting).

The metal frame is also repairable. Minor damage can be corrected directly on site. If the frame is severely deformed, its individual elements have failed, or welds have burst, the formwork can be repaired in a workshop or small machine shop.