Exterior decoration of a building is an important part of construction work. Increasingly, experts recommend installing ventilated facades, which makes it possible to provide the house with additional thermal insulation.
Device
A ventilated facade is a structure that is formed using a durable frame on which facing material or insulated facade panels are fixed. Previously, the production of such a facade was carried out using wooden beams, but they did not provide the structure with the necessary strength and rigidity, so they were replaced by more reliable steel and aluminum profiles.
Photo - design of a ventilated facade
The structural features consist in the creation of certain nodes between load-bearing wall and an installed frame. Please note that a layer must be placed between the building and the curtain panels heat-insulating material. In the diagram above it is mineral wool, but it can be successfully replaced with foam plastic or foam insulation.
Photo - facade diagram - If your building is built from hygroscopic materials - shell rock, foam blocks, clay, then you need to use polystyrene foam for insulation, which does not retain moisture;
- Before starting installation, you need to calculate the normal distance between the frame, the wall and the insulating layer. This gap serves natural ventilation, therefore, in its absence, the system will not be used effectively;
- The facade is installed only on a load-bearing wall, so as not to disrupt the supporting capacity of the entire building.
Photo - professional insulation of frames Video: installation of a suspended ventilated facade system
Frame installation
Step-by-step instructions for installing suspended ventilated facades:
- Design;
- Calculation works;
- Frame installation;
- Creating a Pie;
- Facade finishing.
Work begins with the creation of drawings and diagrams according to which the calculations will be made. Routing should include the dimensions of the future canopy, the material of the beams and covering. Based on the available parameters, the mass of the structure and its load bearing capacity. To do this, you will need to resort to formulas of theoretical mechanics, where rigid beams are calculated. Ventilated installation diagram curtain facades must be approved by special bodies.
Photo - approximate diagram To work, you will need certain equipment: a screwdriver, a hammer drill, a hammer, a level. If you are installing an aluminum frame, then also use a hacksaw.
Installation of the frame is also divided into several points. The first one is building wall preparation:
- The load-bearing wall is cleaned of dust, dirt and old building materials. After this, you need to cover it with a primer and leave it for a day for complete absorption. This is necessary to ensure tight adhesion between the mortar and the wall. The soil will also help prevent the formation of dampness and mold under mineral wool and polystyrene foam;
- After this, the wall is leveled. This is best done with the help of special building materials that will prevent the formation of fungus and other microorganisms;
- The installation location of the future bracket, which will be used for mounting aluminum, wood or steel beams, is marked on the wall;
- Many experts recommend measuring the vertical by installing plumb lines, building level will not be able to accurately determine the desired angle;
- When the bracket is installed on the wall and the thread with the load extends from it, you need to draw the surface along them to determine the future location of the frame installation.
For proper installation of ventilation facades, it is imperative to work with fairly rigid fasteners. The brackets are installed first. To do this, along the marked vertical line we mark the locations of these parts. To create holes in the wall for installing fasteners, you will need special tools: a drill or a hammer drill. When the surface is drilled, you need to install a spacer under the bracket, which will ensure maximum adherence to the wall, and the bracket itself.
Photo - facing of facades with panels After this, the bracket is installed using a special dowel, the same way the foam is attached when insulating the facade of the building. Installs directly onto brackets insulation, or if there is an aluminum (wooden) frame, and mineral wool on top of it.
- You need to secure sheets of mineral wool or foam plastic to the installed brackets;
- For most buildings, a layer of weatherproofing must also be installed on top of the insulation. This is necessary to protect the system from excessive humidity;
- Further, for greater safety of the structure, they are additionally attached to the wall using construction dowels, which provide rigid fastening. In this case, a gap is left between the wall covering and the material used for insulation.
Sometimes the technology of installing ventilated frames using the so-called profile subsystems, which fasten drywall. This system allows for more rigid and reliable reinforcement.
Photo - aluminum frame As in the first option, construction works begin with surface preparation. It is necessary to trim off the layer of old coating and provide a smooth new one, along which installation will be carried out quickly.
- The supporting galvanized profile is installed first. It forms a structure that consists of several horizontal surfaces;
- Afterwards, this technique involves installing transverse racks, as when installing gypsum boards;
- If you have a large facade, then you need to further strengthen the racks with the help of hangers;
- After the main construction work is completed, you need to install insulation boards on the frame and cover them with special films that will provide protection from moisture;
- Finishing work includes puttying and painting the facade, and, if necessary, creating decorative elements.
There are different ways to finish a facade; in most cases, porcelain stoneware cladding is used, which has a fairly simple installation. Cladding involves installing panels to the finished covering using self-tapping screws. In this case, installation work on installing porcelain tiles and siding panels will be carried out using special clips.
Photo - wooden frame
According to SNiP (building codes and regulations), the facade must be checked periodically and, if necessary, repaired structures. Time intervals – from 6 to 12 months.
Price overview
It is not always possible to carry out construction work yourself. In all cities of Russia, professional installation of ventilated facades is carried out, the cost of which depends on the material and size of the structure (prices may vary by region). Cost of installation of Alucobond panels per square meter.
| City | Cost, rubles | City | Cost, rubles |
| Volgograd | 1100 | Voronezh | 1250 |
| Ekaterinburg | 1200 | Irkutsk | 1200 |
| Kazan | 1200 | Kaluga | 1100 |
| Krasnodar | 1100 | Krasnoyarsk | 1200 |
| Moscow | 1300 | Nizhny Novgorod | 1250 |
| Novosibirsk | 1200 | Omsk | 1100 |
| Penza | 1100 | Permian | 1200 |
| Saint Petersburg | 1250 | Samara | 1100 |
| Saratov | 1250 | Sochi | 1200 |
| Tver | 1200 | Tula | 1200 |
| Ufa | 1200 | Chelyabinsk | 1200 |
IN Lately more and more questions arise on the topic facade finishing private houses, and an increasing number of homeowners are inclined to choose ventilated facade systems. Why choose ventilated systems for the facade? Perhaps there is only one answer: owners of private houses strive to keep the structure of the walls of the house in good condition and extend the life of their private house. Read more about the technology for installing this design.
Ventilated facades: what is it?
The way ventilated facade finishing of houses works is to remove excess moisture from the outer surface of the wall in order to protect the structure from destruction. In other words, the fastening is done in such a way that a small air gap remains between the inner surface of the facing material.
Thanks to the interlayer, the insulation will not “absorb” moisture, which means that the amount of heat loss will be slightly reduced.
Ventilation design diagram
Structurally, the structure of the ventilation facade is a system of stacked elements (“sandwich”), which are mounted on the wall in a certain sequence. But in any case, there must be a gap between the ventilation cladding panels - this will make it much easier to adjust the distance between the wall and the finish, eliminating minor defects.
About wall plastering technology by machine, read it.
The role of “minor defects” can be uneven walls, poorly applied plaster, which causes a difference in height levels on the surface. And the façade panels hide this difference very well.
Model of a ventilated facade.
If we speak in general outline, That The ventilation façade system is mounted as follows:
- the surface for fastening is marked;
- the holder brackets and guide elements themselves are fixed;
- then a layer of thermal insulation and a windproof membrane layer are laid;
- After fixing these layers, the frame for cladding is attached and the last stage– façade panels.
Design
It should be noted right away that the design of ventilated facade systems should only be carried out by a design organization, whose specialists will take into account all the customer’s requirements in the project.
The main design points include:
- Receipt terms of reference by customer;
- Processing of received data, drawing up a work schedule.
- Development of a preliminary design for the customer indicating fastening units, location of brackets, guides, then - carrying out final calculations to determine the load on the foundation of the house, location facade panels, design schemes nodes and their location with all references relative to the axes of the house.
- Compilation estimate documentation to calculate the contract price;
- Transfer of the entire package of documents to the customer after the contract is signed by the customer and the contractor.
The difference between putty and plaster is described.
Insulation as a separate subsystem
As the simplest option for insulation for ventilated facades, you can use slabs of mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
Cotton wool has low thermal conductivity, fire resistance and good sound insulation. One of the disadvantages is poor moisture resistance - the insulation absorbs condensate moisture like a sponge, as a result of which it becomes damp, gains weight, takes a very long time to dry out, and thermal performance indicators decrease. Installing such a subsystem is quite simple. 
Polystyrene foam is a good alternative to cotton wool, if you consider it specifications– moisture resistance, light weight, thermal conductivity. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting that they are easily flammable and release harmful substances during combustion, which is quite dangerous to human health.
As for the cost, polystyrene foam will undoubtedly cost less than cotton wool, and in terms of installation it is more convenient - lightweight polystyrene foam slabs are much easier to install on the wall than cotton wool.
Advantages of a ventilated façade
- ensuring an air gap between the cladding and the outer surface of the wall;
- reduction of heat loss;
- removal of condensate through drainage systems without harm to the insulating layer;
- good additional sound insulation, wall alignment;
- the ability to hide visible defects, irregularities and flaws in the surface of the walls;
- light weight of the facing panels and the frame itself for the facade system;
- ease of installation and ease of maintenance of the panels;
- great appearance, wide choose color solutions, the ability to imitate any natural material;
- the ability to create almost any architectural design;
- It can be washed and does not need to be painted.
You will also be interested to know the texture of decorative plaster, which you read about.
From the above it follows that this type of wall cladding is not only an excellent choice in terms of decorating the facade of the house, but also good decision for those homeowners who want to provide their walls with good protection from destruction under the influence of precipitation.
Flaws
- increased cost of work and increased costs of materials (fastening facade systems will require a larger number of fasteners);
- the need to attract specialists to carry out work on the manufacture and installation of frames for facade systems.
However, if you have certain skills in this area and have some experience in installing ventilated facades, then you can do it yourself.
How to mount it yourself: installation technology
As is the case with activities to conduct regular facade works, installation of ventilated facade systems should be carried out on a previously prepared wall surface. 
In general, the technology for installing facade finishing is as follows:
- Preparing the wall surface.
- Manufacturing and installation of a frame for cladding.
- Laying a thermal insulation layer with waterproofing.
- Installation of facade panels.
Let's consider the stages of installation in more detail.
Preparatory work
At this stage, the surface of the walls should be prepared: remove traces of the old finish, cover up cracks, potholes, chips (at the corners of the walls), level the surface with plaster, treat the surface with antiseptic compounds. Treatment is needed to prevent the formation of fungal infections and mold on the walls, which over time can destroy the façade structure.
As for applying the primer, it is not necessary to use it when installing a ventilated facade: as a rule, priming the surface is required in cases where Finishing work This involves either applying decorative plaster to the walls or painting the walls.
In this case, the primer is used to increase adhesion forces. plaster mixture and surface paints.
After preparation, markings should be applied to the walls - the mounting points of the brackets and the location of the guide profiles. The pitch between the profiles should be approximately equal to the width of one facing panel.
Manufacturing and installation of frame/lathing for cladding
After drawing the marking lines, you can begin installing fasteners and guides. To do this, you should drill holes for anchor bolts in the walls of the house using a hammer drill.
Important: the fastenings themselves, the anchor bolts, and the guides metal profiles must be galvanized and corrosion resistant.
Next, the brackets are placed on the anchor dowels and screwed with a screwdriver, after which the insulating layer is laid. Thermal insulation material is hung through specially prepared slots for fastenings. 
Guides - metal profiles - must be positioned vertically. The resulting sheathing is already ready for hanging the ventilation façade. The profile itself must be fastened freely so that it is possible to compensate for temperature deformations.
Laying thermal and waterproofing
The difference between the installation technology of ventilated façade systems and the installation technology of conventional façade panels lies in the installation of the former overlapping, i.e. There should be no gaps between the joints, which are so necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the façade cladding material.
Through the layers of insulation and wind-hydroprotective membrane, holes are drilled in the wall into which disc-type dowels are installed. These dowels are used to fix the insulation and membrane.
Important: the installation of insulation boards should begin from the base, moving according to the “bottom to top” pattern. And the first row is laid on the base itself.
The membrane must be secured with outside insulation layer, in this case an overlap of material of 10 cm in size must be observed. Inner side The film must be tightly fixed to the heat-insulating layer. In this case, the overlap must be secured with sealing tape to avoid the formation of condensation and moisture getting on the insulation.
Installation of a ventilated facade system
At first glance, installing a ventilation system is completely simple, and it may seem that if you have some skills in working with facade elements, you can do the cladding yourself. However, the technology for installing facade panels has its own nuances, without knowing about which you can ruin both the material itself and the successfully manufactured sheathing design. 
So, if you use galvanized fasteners and profiles for sheathing guides, you must remember that both the profiles and fasteners must withstand heavy loads, for example, the same weight of facade elements.
How to choose the design of the facade of a private house, read.
After fixing, you need to insert into the profile rubber compressor for fastening. This way you can avoid the spread of corrosion processes.
Sometimes when self-installation ventilated façade may cause blockage of the air gap. This is due to subsidence of the insulating layer or membrane due to poor fixation of the heat and wind-hydroprotective layer. In this case, the facade panels are subject to additional load, and if they are made of vinyl (a rather fragile and least durable finishing material), then the cladding can either get wet or deform under load. In such cases, you will have to remove the panels and carry out repair work.
Video about installation work on a ventilated façade
For more information on how ventilated facade systems are installed, see the video block with cladding with porcelain stoneware slabs.
Summarizing the above, we can draw the following conclusions:
- The technology for installing a ventilated facade is similar to the technology for installing facade panels made of PVC, porcelain stoneware or tiles. However, it has its own nuances, without knowing about which, it will not be possible to install the cladding correctly;
- Having experience working with facade systems, you can install ventilated facades yourself if you have nowhere to rush and really want to get the result “conscientiously.”
However, many people strive to save money during construction, so they try to do all the work themselves. Of course, a properly installed ventilated façade will serve the homeowner for at least 30 years.
Due to the regular increase in energy costs, people are constantly forced to come up with something that could make their homes warmer and at the same time reduce heating costs. One of these very useful solutions is hinged ventilated facades. The multilayer external structure of the walls improves their thermal efficiency and extends their service life, and the use of different textures and color scheme decorative materials allows you to achieve improved aesthetics of the building as a whole.
Why is the façade system called ventilated? Yes, because in it finishing coat does not adjoin the wall closely, but is located at some distance. This gap is made for air circulation to prevent the formation of condensation.
The air layer is also a natural heat insulator, so even if the system is not insulated, the walls will not freeze as much as when doing plaster or adhesive cladding.
What are the features of the system
Since it is a system, it means that it consists of a certain number of elements. If we consider it in essence, without taking into account possible nuances, then this is:
- substructure (framework, the structure of which we will look at a little later);
- heat-insulating board material;
- hydro-wind protection in the form of a membrane;
- air gap;
- decorative protective screen.
Note! There may not be thermal insulation in the NVF system, but even in this case a ventilation gap must be provided. However, most often this system is designed for the purpose of external insulation, since wall insulation installed from the inside of the premises does not give the desired effect. Therefore, in this article we will discuss specifically the insulated facade.
IN capital construction option exterior finishing The building is envisaged at the design stage. If a decision is made to carry out cladding using the NVF system, then depending on the type of material used hanging material(weight plays the main role), the number and strength of the load-bearing frame elements must be calculated.
Ventilated systems are good because they can be installed not only on newly constructed buildings, but also on those that have been in use for a long time, in order to update their appearance and increase thermal efficiency existing walls. The material from which they are constructed can be any, but its mechanical and physical properties should be taken into account.
For example, aerated concrete wall does not have the strength of brick, and may not withstand the substantial weight of the suspended structure. Special fasteners help solve the problem, but they also have their limits. Therefore, in multi-storey construction, warm plaster systems are often designed for such walls rather than ventilation facades.
But for low-rise buildings Today we offer a wide selection of lightweight and very beautifully textured materials (for example, polymer siding). They imitate wood, brick or stone, plaster, and with the weight of 1 m² of cladding not exceeding 3 kg, they can be mounted anywhere.
Buildings made of solid brick or reinforced concrete benefit most from installing ventilated systems on the facade, since these walls are the coldest. As a result of such exterior finishing, the internal climate comfort in such buildings is significantly improved, not to mention their exterior.
Overview of subsystem elements
If in low-rise buildings the role of load-bearing elements of the ventilation façade is perfectly fulfilled wooden blocks, then in official construction only steel subsystems are designed. Their completeness may vary depending on the type of decorative modules and the method of their fastening, but in general it looks approximately as shown in the table.
Table 1. Varieties of subsystem elements.
| Appearance and name of the element | Design features |
|---|---|
| This is the part that keeps the guide on the wall and also provides the necessary indentation. Most often, the bracket looks like a corner with a convex edge (it provides rigidity), but there may be other options. As you can see in the photo, the support bracket has two shelves: the first support shelf is the one on which there are two oval-shaped mounting holes, the second is the load-bearing one. Either a component of the bracket or the frame stand itself is attached to it. |
| The system may contain not only support brackets (which are directly fixed to the wall), but also movable brackets. When combined, they form a composite load-bearing element. |
| An anchor is a type of fastener that provides reliable fixation of brackets to walls. The diameter, as a rule, is 8 mm, the length varies from 8 to 25 cm. When installing the subsystem on dense concrete or brick surfaces, self-anchoring expansion bolts are used. On walls made of porous or hollow materials, universal expansion dowels with a pulling force of 2.5 kilonewtons or more are used. Selection is carried out depending on the condition and type of base. |
| One of the main elements of the ventilation facade is a guide, which in different systems can have the shape of a corner or the Latin letter Z. Depending on the configuration and position of the facing modules, it can be mounted vertically, horizontally, or crosswise. Attaches to shelf brackets. |
| The term “clasp” (or kleimer) refers to steel fasteners by means of which facing slabs or cassettes are fixed to the sheathing. |
| There are many types of insulation, but mineral wool is best suited for installation in a suspended subsystem. Expanded polystyrene is vapor-proof; it does not allow steam accumulated in the room to escape. As they say in such cases: “the wall doesn’t breathe.” For facades, slabs with increased rigidity grade P-125 with a density of 75 kg/m³. If necessary, they can be installed in several layers; the total thickness of the thermal insulation is determined by calculation. |
| A diffusion membrane is installed on top of the insulation. Its task is to protect the insulation from weathering and getting wet from the outside, and to allow steam to escape into the ventilated space. That is, the material is double-sided, and it is very important not to confuse during installation which side should face the insulation. |
| A strong fit of the insulation is ensured by the sheathing elements, but mechanical fixation is also required. For this purpose, disc-type dowels are used. |
| The photo shows only one of the options for ventilated cladding - a metal cassette. They most often decorate buildings with large area facades. But in general, there are many options, and the following can be used as cladding: 1. Aluminum composite (Alucobond type). 2. Profiled steel sheet. 3. Heat-treated wood. 4. WPC (wood and polymer composite). 5. Thermal panels (two or three-layer modules made of insulation and small tiles). 6. Siding (long or modular panels with locking joints). 7. High-strength HPL plastic. 8. Porcelain tiles. 9. Ceramic panels and tiles. 10. Panels made of fiber-reinforced concrete and artificial stone. |
Prices for mineral wool
In addition to the indicated elements, when installing a hanging system, accessories can be used to frame openings, decorate joints and transitions from one plane to another. But this already depends on what kind of material is chosen for cladding.
Prices for dowels for insulation
Dowel umbrella
Curtain façade system - step-by-step installation
Correct calculation of load-bearing elements and the overall thermal efficiency of the system is very important, but its high-quality installation. Present to your attention step by step instructions, which will tell you what technological operations and in what order need to be performed.
Table 2. Installation of a suspended facade.
| Steps, photo | A comment |
|---|---|
| Using geodetic instruments and a level, the installation points of the brackets are determined and markings are made. The first vertical row of the frame should be located at a distance of 10 cm from the corner. The step between the two belts depends on the configuration of the cladding elements, but on average it is 60 cm. |
| After marking is completed, begin drilling holes for installing dowels. When a ventilated facade is mounted on brick walls, it is very important to drill so that the attachment points do not coincide with the masonry seams. From the dowel to the horizontal seam (spoon) there should be at least 2.5 cm, and to the vertical (butt) seam - 6 cm. On a note! When facing facades from hollow bricks or blocks, special expansion fasteners or chemical anchors must be used. |
| To obtain high-quality fasteners, it is very important to clean the holes from dust. All means are good for this. The builders have special devices, at home you can use a special attachment on a vacuum cleaner. |
| A dowel is driven into the cleaned hole, into which an anchor bolt will be installed a little later. |
| To avoid the formation of cold bridges, shock-absorbing and heat-insulating layers in the form of paronite gaskets are installed at the junctions of the brackets. |
| The bracket is hung and secured with an anchor, which is first driven in with a hammer... |
| ... and then tightens it with a screwdriver. If you intend to do double insulation, additional component, which will provide the desired flight. |
| Now you can begin installing the thermal insulation. The plates are placed on brackets, for which slots are made in them corresponding to the shape and location. |
| The plate is placed in its regular place, after which a pressure washer is put on top of the protruding part of the bracket. |
| The insulation is installed from the bottom up, with joints spaced similar to brickwork. It is very important that there are no through seams more than 2 mm wide between the thermal insulation elements. |
| You can ensure the necessary shift of the seams by starting one row with the installation of a whole slab, and the next - with a half. They are easy to cut with a knife and should not be broken or torn. Note! At the corners of the building, serrated dressing of the seams should be observed, when the end of one slab overlaps the end of another. |
| Now the plates need to be secured mechanically, for which holes are drilled again - this time for mushroom dowels. |
| Typically, a slab measuring 1.2 * 0.6 m is attached at five points - in the corners, at a distance of 5 cm from the seams, and in the center. The half is secured with four dowels. |
| If it is intended to install a double layer of insulation, the slabs are taken of different densities. Less dense ones go to the first layer, and they are fastened not with five, but with only two dowels - diagonally. The slabs of the top layer will be more dense and are fixed, as expected, in five places. |
| This system provides for the installation of a slide - a connecting element of a U-shaped configuration, and the bracket itself in in this case has this shape. There are two holes diagonally on the back of the profile for fastening the posts with rivets. Note! In systems different manufacturers this node may look slightly different. |
| The next stage is the installation of supporting guides, which most often also have the letter “P” in cross-section. This profile is attached to the bracket on the sides behind the shelves and through the back. Note! There are, of course, stainless steel systems, but they are very expensive. Most often, galvanized steel is used to make profiles. It itself is not afraid of corrosion, but during installation it is necessary to cut elements and drill them for rivets, as a result of which protective covering is violated. Private traders do not pay attention to such “little things”, but professionals immediately cover the cut areas with paint. |
| When joining profiles at the ends, a gap must be maintained to compensate for the linear expansion of the metal, which is at least 8 mm. |
| In accordance with the format of the facing modules, in in the right places fastening elements - clamps - are installed. They may look different, depending on the cladding option. |
| The last stage is hanging decorative material. There is a gap of about 10 cm between it and the insulation. You can’t do more, because with strong wind pressure such a facade will hum strongly. If it is less, the moisture simply will not have time to be completely removed, and the insulation may rot. |
If you noticed, our instructions skipped the installation step diffusion membrane. And that's why.
The membrane is not mandatory element cake, its presence or absence depends only on the properties of the insulation. In this case, hydrophobized mineral wool was used for insulation - a basalt-based material impregnated with a water-repellent composition. Such cotton wool is not afraid of moisture, but at the same time it perfectly passes steam through itself, allowing it to freely penetrate into the ventilation gap.
Prices for composite panels
Composite panels
Conclusion
Curtain façade systems are by far the most the best solution, helping to reduce construction costs by reducing the thickness of the walls. At the same time, the load on the foundation is also reduced, and this, again, is savings. But the most important thing is high level aesthetics modern coatings, which retain their original appearance even after decades. That is why this option for arranging a facade, especially given the difficult climatic conditions in most of the territories of our country, is unlikely to ever lose its relevance.
If you choose a finish for the facade solely for reasons of practicality, you should pay attention to corrugated sheeting. Strong, durable, not too expensive, this material is widely used in private construction. Read more about it in a special article.
Video - How a ventilated facade works
Video - Ventilated facade: installation of insulation and cladding subsystem
Almost everyone has heard that there are ventilated facades, but only a few understand what exactly they are, how they are built and what the differences are in comparison with a regular facade.
Description and features
Ventilated facade or, as it is also called - hinged, it is a kind of technology, a fastening system facing materials at a distance from the wall itself, on a separate frame, which can be made of steel, aluminum alloys or any other materials.
Main difference and advantage ventilated facade systems the fact that nothing prevents the free passage of air, due to which the problem of moisture accumulation, condensation formation is eliminated and a number of others are solved, no less important points in the operation of buildings.
Even though this type engineering solution registration external walls began to be used in our country not so long ago, the technology itself did not arise “yesterday”. It appeared in Germany, namely in the Federal Republic of Germany, in the late 50s of the last century.
Of course, since those times both the technology itself and the materials used have gone far ahead, and if in the last century such a design of the facade was possible only in a “cold” form, today curtain structures cope with the task of insulation quite well.
"Warm » ventilated facade technology involves the use of mineral wool varieties, and if the basement part is lined, then polystyrene foam insulating materials.
A feature of an insulated curtain wall is that the distance left between the wall and the insulation material during its installation should not be less than 4 cm, in some cases 2 cm is allowed, but a gap size of 5 cm is considered ideal and suitable for any climatic conditions.
This type of facade almost completely “extinguishes” the direct heat output of the building itself, and the air circulating in the gap completely eliminates the problems of temperature changes, humidity levels and all other aspects that often cause trouble with traditional conservative cladding of buildings.
Another feature of this engineering solution in the design of the facade and its serious advantage is the ability to change the appearance of the building at any time, because the slabs that make up the visible part of the structure are not tightly fixed and can always be replaced.
Besides, installation of ventilated facades“cold” type is not final; such a structure can always be insulated or strengthened, even after several years of operation.
Kinds
Curtain facades are divided into main types depending on the material from which the cladding is made.
The most popular types of facades of this design are:
- from porcelain stoneware;
- from HPL panels;
- from linear panels;
- from artificial stone;
- from fiber cement boards;
- from glass;
- from composites.
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware occurs most often, due to the fairly low cost and ease of installation work. This combination of qualities has made the material in demand in mass construction, carried out by various construction companies - this is how they finish and office buildings, and the lower floors of residential high-rise buildings, however, they are also completely finished in this way, and much more, and, of course, this type of facade is in demand in private housing construction.
Fake diamond- fully universal material, suitable for almost any work, both indoors and outdoors. Of course, it is also in demand for finishing facades with curtain structures. As a rule, such tiles are used to decorate externally visible walls of small buildings or private cottages.
Fiber cement boards are extremely economical material, which is distinguished by extremely high heat-blocking and heat-storing characteristics. But these slabs have a very significant drawback - visible joints and fastenings. This option for finishing a curtain façade is in demand mainly in the northern regions and for finishing office and other service or work buildings. non-residential premises.
Cladding glass has many advantages, but is not used as often when decorating facades using the hinged method as in the classic way. Glass panels are quite expensive, and when installed using the ventilated method, their main advantage is that light transmission is not relevant.
Panels for ventilated facade devices made from a mixture of composite materials have an important advantage and difference from all others - they are capable of self-cleaning and have excellent noise and sound insulating qualities, which makes them ideal solution when finishing a facade next to a large highway, in the center of a busy street, or in some other places filled with noise. But this type of finishing slabs also has disadvantages, for example, they cope with thermal insulation much worse than all the others.
In addition to the above types of materials, the following types of finishing are also used for curtain wall facades:
- metal “cassettes”;
- "copper" plates;
- planken;
- glass panels.
But such types of finishing are rare and are usually used when decorating the facades of small buildings. In addition to all of the above, ventilated facades on small areas can be decorated with wood.
Installation
Hinged ventilated facade can be mounted in two ways - open and closed, they differ only in whether the fastenings will be noticeable or not, of course, for open method“secret” or decorated rivets and other fasteners are used, and with the closed method - any kind.
Before starting the process itself decorative design walls of the building, when choosing a hinged type of facade construction, a subsystem is installed.
A subsystem is a combination of:
- load-bearing profiles;
- brackets;
- a set of appropriate hardware - clamps, screws, anchors, and so on;
- layers of insulation, if used.
The design of the subsystem can be fixed either directly in the wall itself or only in places of ceilings between floors or any other “seams”.
The most basic points that make up the entire installation workflow are:
- marking the wall under future design;
- securing brackets;
- fastening of supporting profiles;
- wiring output and fastening of street lamps, if you plan to use lighting;
- installation of thermal insulation, if involved additional insulation;
- mounting the top decorative material.
Finally, electrical appliances are connected if they are involved in architectural project, design of drains, layers, slopes and other minor works.
Price
Cost of a ventilated facade consists of many nuances. Of course, the price is primarily influenced by what materials are chosen - what the subsystem will be made of, whether additional insulation will be used and, if so, which one, whether wiring will be required and installation of lights or spotlights, and, finally, what type of materials the facade will be decorated.
In addition to all this, the price will also include the cost of work, which also directly depends on the selected materials and the level of complexity of their installation.
Of course, on price of ventilated facade The area of the building and the complexity of its walls will also affect it. For example, the design of various “roundings”, “transition corners”, canopies and other architectural delights will cost a more significant amount than the cladding of a simple straight line flat wall.
The cost can be reduced when finishing small private houses by doing the work yourself, but if we are talking about a large cottage with several floors, you will no longer be able to handle it yourself.
On average, the cost of installation work per square meter of facade, when using porcelain stoneware slabs, adds up to the following approximate figures:
- subsystem – from 500 rubles;
- additional layer of insulation up to 5 cm thick – from 150 rubles;
- cladding layer – from 450 rubles;
- strengthening the subsystem fasteners - from 80 rubles;
- strengthening the fastening of the insulating layer - from 50 rubles;
- fastening of decorative and other elements, including plums, layers, and so on - from 250 rubles.
That is, the cost of installation of a suspended facade made of porcelain stoneware slabs on average starts from 1,480 rubles per square meter, in the absence of any complex architectural aspects, for example, curves, on the walls of the building.
To the cost of the work you need to add the prices for material and fasteners, and multiply the resulting number by the quantity square meters. This will give you an approximate cost for the planned façade. The cost of installing a meter of suspended structure made from metal cassettes starts from approximately 2080 rubles, and from composite slabs – from 2045 rubles.
However, in different cities the cost may differ, for example, in large centers prices for construction work are always slightly lower, as well as for materials, than in small provincial ones populated areas.
Basic design of a suspended ventilated facade
A well-designed curtain ventilated façade will protect the walls for many decades. But often installers, in an effort to reduce the cost of this complex and therefore quite expensive system, replace some materials with others and deliberately violate the rules.
This article will discuss what such false savings can result in and how to avoid mistakes when installing a suspended ventilated façade.
A well-designed and high-quality installed ventilated façade will not require repairs for at least 30 years. At the same time, the choice of facade system should be approached rationally. So, as a rule, it makes more sense to simply cover the basement of a building with tiles. This will significantly reduce the cost of finishing.
Finishing buildings using suspended ventilated facades is becoming increasingly popular, both in private housing construction and in the construction of commercial buildings. This system is a kind of “coat” for the home.
Basalt insulation, protected by a special wind- and moisture-proof membrane, is attached directly to the walls. Facing slabs (this can be porcelain stoneware, natural or agglomerated stone, metal cassettes, cassettes made of composite materials, fiber cement panels, steel or aluminum structures, etc.) are mounted on a supporting frame with some clearance. Its value (in the range from 20 to 40 mm) is determined in each specific case to ensure optimal air exchange.
The thickness of the insulation is selected based on the requirements for thermal protection of buildings. When these conditions are met, the dew point moves from load-bearing structure into the insulation.
The wrong choice of insulation and its improper installation lead to the material getting wet and sinking, clogging the ventilation gap.
Advantages and disadvantages of using a suspended ventilated facade
What is the advantage of such a seemingly complex, and therefore expensive, façade finishing system? First of all, this design does not allow condensation to accumulate either on the surface of the wall or inside it. The air gap is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades do not freeze in winter and do not overheat in summer, and this helps to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the cladding, which, by the way, cannot be said about the most common finishing material- plaster. A properly installed curtain wall will last more than 50 years.
The system of curtain facades makes it possible to finish buildings quite complex shapes. Any design fantasies can be realized in wall-mounted cladding. But some elements are too labor-intensive.
And yet, despite the obvious advantages, ventilated facades have not yet become widespread in suburban construction. Many are put off by the seeming high cost. Yes, 1 m² of such cladding will cost at least 2000 rubles, and if you use a natural stone, the price can reach 6,000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to consider that operation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years a curtain wall completely pays for itself.
Of course, a curtain wall system will only work if it is well designed and installed to a high standard. Theoretically, a ventilated façade system should be included in the house design so that there is time to calculate the load-bearing structure and order facing slabs. But in practice this does not always happen. Often it is necessary to “dress” an already rebuilt building with curtain finishing. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the material of the walls. Support brackets for metal sheathing hold best in concrete and solid brick. Things are a little worse with hollow bricks. And here cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. For finishing walls made of loose, porous materials, it is more advisable to choose a system of “wet” facades (plastering or tiling).
To minimize the work of cutting slabs, when designing a façade system, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cell). He's not at all equal to size the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account gaps with a width of 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).
We also note that small-sized facing tiles (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) are not economically viable - their installation will require too many fasteners. And such a wall does not look very good - the facade of the house will resemble a checkered page of a school notebook. A tile of 600 x 600 mm is considered optimal, but it is important to consider that this is an average size. The actual spread among different manufacturers is from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Having given preference to one or another collection, you should find out its exact parameters.
1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (sheathing fasteners); 3. Thermal insulating gasket; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer private; 9. Starting clamp; 10. Thermal insulation material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic disc-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Blind rivet.
Ventilated facade fastening systems
The choice of fasteners requires detailed consideration. As you know, there are two fastening systems - hidden and open.
The first option is metal clamps covering the plate from above and below. The second is anchor bolts that are inserted into blind holes drilled in the slab and open there like the petals of a flower.
Sometimes mounting elements do not spoil the appearance of the cladding, but, on the contrary, add expressiveness to it.
Usage hidden system fastening is not always justified: for example, in areas of the facade that bear a high aesthetic load. And the point is not only that this fastener costs twice as much as the visible one. If a tile fixed in this way is damaged, the entire vertical row will have to be dismantled for repairs. Replacing a cladding unit installed openly is much easier.
Clamps painted to match the color of the tiles are almost invisible on the facade
Poor quality fasteners lead to tiles falling out.
Insulation for suspended ventilated facades
The next important issue is the choice of thermal insulation. Only insulation that has a technical certificate from the State Committee for Construction of Russia, which allows its use in ventilated systems, can be placed under the suspended cladding. Mineral wool is considered optimal in all respects. The use of non-profile materials (for example, glass wool) will cause the insulation to become saturated with moisture, become heavier and settle, reducing or even closing the air gap.
For guard thermal insulation material You can only use a special vapor barrier membrane
If you try to protect the thermal insulation with polyethylene or foil (that is, materials that do not allow steam to pass through), this will not only not solve the problem, but will also disrupt the operation of the ventilated façade, which, as is known, must “breathe.” The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will allow moisture released by the walls to pass out, but not allow atmospheric moisture to penetrate inside.
In addition to insulation important role Thermal breaks - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall - play a role in providing thermal protection. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient: polypropylene, polyamide, komatex, etc. The use of gaskets made of paronite is not allowed, since it does not have thermal insulation properties.
Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to dampen vibrations and keep the cladding from moving laterally. But their use leads to a reduction in the service life of the system, since the seals have a short service life (about 10 years). Reducing vibration and eliminating lateral shift of cladding panels should be ensured by the design of fastening elements.
Installation of ventilated facades
Unfortunately, even the most competent design of a ventilated facade can be nullified by poor-quality installation. The most common mistake is violation of the geometry of the facade. The cladding must be smooth, even if the relief of the walls is far from ideal. In addition, the panels should not move relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.
As paradoxical as it may seem, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly into the masonry joint of the wall elements.
Installation of a ventilated facade. The surface of the cladding must be perfectly flat, with precise adherence to the thickness of the seams.
Failure to comply with the standard joint thickness leads to the fact that the tiles begin to press on each other, crack and fly off. And if the tiles are installed with a deviation from the plane, this will be noticeable in sunlight.
Many builders sin by not complying with the standard seam thickness. When installed end-to-end, tiles begin to press on each other due to temperature deformations, crack and fall out. And in the absence of proper ventilation, the insulation gets wet, freezes and slides off the walls. Too big a gap between cladding panels will lead to excessive wetting of the thermal insulation by precipitation.
Particular attention should be paid to the design of window openings
Now on Russian market There are many types of curtain facades. Unfortunately, many domestic producers They follow a simple path, exactly copying foreign systems. Meanwhile, what works great in the mild climate of Germany or France may not withstand our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and therefore the distance from the cladding to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly greater than in Europe.
In addition, some companies, in an effort to reduce the cost of the system, often use questionable materials in the design, in particular galvanized steel, which is poorly protected from corrosion. The best metals Stainless steel and aluminum are used for lathing ventilation facades. But for fastening plates, especially heavy ones, only stainless steel is suitable. Aluminum staples do not have the necessary strength.