Mountain water pumps control diagram. Protective water level sensors for pump control: idle relay

I recently came across a video on the Internet where they made my childhood dream come true. The video showed how you can assemble a device for automatically filling a container with water. All the work was very clearly demonstrated, but the diagram was not shown.

The fact is that in childhood summer time I often had to water the garden and I always had ideas for automating this process, but I never succeeded in turning my thoughts into reality. Today I will fulfill part of my dream, although only theoretically for now.

Let’s imagine this situation: you have a container of water at your dacha or at home, for watering the garden or for some other purpose. You pump water into this container using a pump. To pump water, each time you have to turn on the pump and watch until the container is filled with water. Filling a container with water can be automated very easily and quite cheaply.

Below is a structural picture of our device.

To automate filling the container with water, we will have to slightly modify the container. A rod with a height no less than the depth of the container is installed on the top of the barrel, on which two reed switches are fixed. A movable rod with a float is also attached to the rod, which moves depending on the water level in the container. A permanent magnet is attached to the rod to control the reed switches.

In the next picture you can see an example of a rod and a movable rod.

And now the most interesting part: a circuit for automatically filling the container with water.

To implement this device, we need a circuit breaker to protect the pump, an electromagnetic contactor to turn the pump on and off, and two reed switches (sealed magnetic contact) to control the contactor.

The lower reed switch should be a closing switch, the upper one should be a breaking switch. For example, the MKS-27103 reed switch is quite suitable for us, because it has a changeover contact. For low level signaling, the circuit uses a normally open contact; top level– normally closed contact of the reed switch. At the moment when the water level in the tank reaches a critical value, the magnet will be located at the same level with the lower reed switch, which, under the influence of a magnetic field, will switch the contact and thereby send a signal to turn on the pump. After this, the float will begin to rise to the upper level, where the upper reed switch will turn off the pump.

This scheme does not implement a manual mode, although it should be provided in case of failure of our level meters. The easiest way is to use a locking button to manually control the pump. I think it won’t be difficult for you to include a button in the resulting diagram.

Of course, you can buy ready-made level meters and not reinvent the wheel, especially since they are produced by industry. However, one such level gauge will cost you at least $30, and one MKS-27103 reed switch costs $2-3.

This is how you can automatically fill a container with water. I also had an idea that water would go from this container for irrigation (for example, tomatoes, cucumbers) through drainage tubes. Perhaps they do this in greenhouses.

I hope someday I will have a dacha where I can fully realize my dream, not because I like to dig in the garden, I just like others to work for me, I mean devices

This automatic device water pump control can provide invaluable assistance in monitoring and maintaining a given water level in a container located, for example, in a country house or farm.

So, when using a submersible pump in a well to water a garden, you need to be careful that the water level does not go below the depth of the pump. Otherwise, the pump may overheat and fail, running empty (idling). The diagram below will help you avoid all sorts of troubles in the operation of a submersible pump. automatic control pump.

Description of the pump controller operation

The scheme is quite simple and reliable. It implements the function of selecting the operating mode: PUMPING/PUMPING.

The circuit elements have no connection with the capacitance itself, which avoids electrochemical corrosion (in the case of using metal container). The essence of the functioning of the circuit lies in the ability of water to conduct electric current. Water, closing the sensor rods, closes the electrical circuit of the base of transistor VT1. In this case, the electromagnetic relay K1 is activated, which, with its contact pair K1.1, turns on/off (depending on the position of S2.1) the electric pump.

It is possible to use metal plates made of of stainless steel. Alternatively, you can use an unnecessary stainless razor. The plates must be secured to a dielectric (plexiglass, textolite) at a distance of 5 to 20 mm from each other.

When power is supplied and if there is no water in the container, electromagnetic relay K1 is not active, and its contact pair K1.1 (normally closed) supplies power to the pump until water fills the container (up to sensor F1). At the same time, the relay will turn on and the contact pair will turn off the pump.

The pump will start pumping water again only when the water level drops below sensor contact F2. This is how the machine works in UPLOAD mode, determined by the position of switch S2. When the same switch is switched to the PUMPING position, the device can be used to pump out water, that is, the pump will turn off if the water level drops below sensor F2.

When the need arises to control the fluid level, many do this work manually, but this is extremely ineffective, takes a lot of time and effort, and the consequences of oversight can be very expensive: for example, a flooded apartment or a burnt out pump. This can be easily avoided by using float water level sensors. These are devices that are simple in design and operating principle and are affordable.

At home, sensors of this type allow you to automate processes such as:

monitoring the liquid level in the supply tank;
pumping groundwater from the cellar;
turning off the pump when the level in the well falls below the permissible level, and some others.

Operating principle of a float sensor

An object is placed in the liquid and does not sink in it. This could be a piece of wood or foam, hollow sealed plastic sphere or metal and much more. When the liquid level changes, this object will rise or fall with it. If the float is connected to actuator, then it will act as a water level sensor in the tank.

Equipment classification

Float sensors can independently monitor the liquid level or send a signal to the control circuit. According to this principle they can be divided into two large groups: mechanical and electrical.

Mechanical devices

Mechanical valves include a wide variety of float valves for the water level in the tank.
The principle of their operation is that the float is connected to a lever; when the liquid level changes, the float moves up or down this lever, and it, in turn, acts on the valve, which shuts off (opens) the water supply. Such valves can be seen in toilet flush tanks. They are very convenient to use where you need to constantly add water from the central water supply system.

Mechanical sensors have a number of advantages:

simplicity of design;
compactness;
safety;
autonomy - do not require any sources of electricity;
reliability;
cheapness;
ease of installation and configuration.

But these sensors have one significant drawback: they can control only one (upper) level, which depends on the installation location, and regulate it, if possible, then within very small limits. Such a valve can be sold called “float valve for containers”.

Electrical sensors

An electric liquid level sensor (float) differs from a mechanical one in that it itself does not shut off the water.
The melt, moving when the amount of liquid changes, affects the electrical contacts that are included in the control circuit. Based on these signals automatic system control makes a decision on the need for certain actions. In the simplest case, such a sensor has a float. This float acts on the contact through which the pump is turned on.

Reed switches are most often used as contacts. A reed switch is a sealed glass bulb with contacts inside. Switching of these contacts occurs under the influence of a magnetic field. Reed switches are miniature in size and can be easily placed inside a thin tube made of non-magnetic material (plastic, aluminum). A float with a magnet moves freely along the tube under the influence of liquid, and when it approaches, the contacts are activated. This entire system is installed vertically in the tank. By changing the position of the reed switch inside the tube, you can adjust the moment the automation operates.

If you need to monitor the upper level in the tank, then the sensor is installed at the top. As soon as the level drops below the set level, the contact closes and the pump turns on. The water will begin to increase, and when the water level reaches the upper limit, the float will return to its original state and the pump will turn off. However, in practice such a scheme cannot be used. The fact is that the sensor is triggered by the slightest change in the level, after which the pump turns on, the level rises, and the pump turns off. If the water flow from the tank is less than the supply, a situation arises when the pump is constantly turned on and off, while it quickly overheats and fails.

Therefore, water level sensors to control the pump they work differently. There are at least two contacts in the container. One is responsible for the upper level; it turns off the pump. The second determines the position of the lower level, upon reaching which the pump turns on. Thus, the number of starts is significantly reduced, which ensures reliable operation the entire system. If the level difference is small, then it is convenient to use a tube with two reed switches inside and one float that connects them. With a difference more than a meter two separate sensors are used, installed at the required heights.

Despite more complex design and the need for a control circuit, electric float sensors make it possible to fully automate the liquid level control process.

If you connect light bulbs through such sensors, then they can be used to visually monitor the amount of liquid in the tank.

Homemade float switch

If you have the time and desire, then you can make a simple float water level sensor with your own hands, and the costs for it will be minimal.

Mechanical system

In order to simplify as much as possible design, we will use a ball valve (faucet) as a locking device. The smallest valves (half-inch or smaller) work well. This type of faucet has a handle that closes it. To convert it into a sensor, you need to extend this handle with a strip of metal. The strip is attached to the handle through holes drilled in it with the appropriate screws. The cross-section of this lever should be minimal, but it should not bend under the influence of the float. Its length is about 50 cm. The float is attached to the end of this lever.

As a float you can use two liter plastic bottle from soda. The bottle is half filled with water.

You can check the operation of the system without installing it in the tank. To do this, install the faucet vertically and place the lever with the float in a horizontal position. If everything is done correctly, then under the influence of the mass of water in the bottles, the lever will begin to move down and take a vertical position, and the valve handle will turn with it. Now submerge the device in water. The bottle should float up and turn the valve handle.

Since valves vary in size and the amount of force required to switch them, the system may need to be adjusted. If the float cannot turn the valve, you can increase lever length or take a larger bottle.

We mount the sensor in the container at the required level in a horizontal position, while in the vertical position of the float the valve should be open, and in the horizontal position it should be closed.

Electric type sensor

For self-made sensor this type, except regular tool, you will need:

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

When the liquid level changes, the float moves along with it, which acts on an electrical contact to control the water level in the tank. A control circuit with such a sensor may look like the one shown in the figure. Points 1, 2, 3 are the connection points for the wire that comes from our sensor. Point 2 is a common point.

Let's consider the principle of operation of a homemade device. Let's say at the moment of switching on the tank empty, the float is in the low level position (LL), this contact closes and supplies power to the relay (P).

The relay operates and closes contacts P1 and P2. P1 is a self-locking contact. It is needed so that the relay does not turn off (the pump continues to work) when the water begins to rise and the contact of the low pressure unit opens. Contact P2 connects the pump (H) to the power source.

When the level rises to the upper value, the reed switch will operate and open its contact VU. The relay will be de-energized, it will open its contacts P1 and P2, and the pump will turn off.

As the amount of water in the tank decreases, the float will begin to fall, but until it takes the lower position and closes the NU contact, the pump will not turn on. When this happens, the work cycle will repeat again.

This is how it works float switch water level control.

During operation, it is necessary to periodically clean the pipe and float from dirt. Reed switches can withstand a huge number of switchings, so this sensor will last for many years.

instrument.guru

Availability of flow and drinking water- the most important component of comfortable living and recreation outside the city. In a situation where central water supply is not available, the only correct solution is to drill a well or well and then install an automatic submersible pump. The uninterrupted operation of the unit depends on the control system, which is assembled according to different schemes.

Review of control units from different manufacturers
- Control device Aries SAU-M2

Submersible pump control - feasibility of automation

To settle in country house A fully functional water supply system requires automation of the process of filling consumable containers. The pump control must be reliable in operation and simple in design.

Automation pumping unit allows you to achieve uninterrupted and reliable water supply, reduce operating costs and labor costs, and also reduce the volume of control tanks.

For organization automatic operation pump in addition to standard equipment general use(magnetic starters, contactors, intermediate relays and switches) also use special monitoring/control devices. These elements include:

jet relays;
level and filling control relay;
electrode level switches;
capacitive type sensors;
various pressure gauges;
float relay, etc.

Submersible pump control options

There are three types of devices for controlling a submersible pump:

control unit in the form of a remote control;
press control;
automatic control with a mechanism for maintaining constant water pressure in the system.

First option - simplest block control capable of protecting the pump from voltage surges and possible short circuits. Automatic operating mode is achieved by connecting the control unit to a level switch or pressure switch. Sometimes the control panel is connected to a float switch. The price for such an automation unit does not exceed 4000-5000 rubles. However, there is no reason to use such control without protecting the pump from dry running and a pressure switch.

There are blocks with built-in systems, for example, “Aquarius 4000” costing 4,000-10,000 rubles. A significant advantage of the equipment is ease of installation. The installation can be done independently without the involvement of specialists.

The second option - “press control” is equipped with built-in systems of passive protection against dry running and automated pump operation. The control is based on a number of parameters, among which the level of flow and water pressure must be taken into account. For example, if the water flow rate is above 50 l/min, then the equipment operates continuously under press control adjustments. As the water flow decreases/pressure increases, the automation is activated and the press control turns off the pump.

When liquid consumption is less than 50 l/min, the pump starts with a decrease in pressure in the water supply system to 1.5 atmospheres. This function is especially important in conditions of sudden pressure surges, when it is necessary to reduce the number of device on/off switches during minimum consumption water.

Successful models of press control equipment: Brio-2000M and Aquarius.

The third option is block control with maintaining stable pressure throughout the system. It is advisable to install this device where “jumps” in pressure are extremely undesirable.

Important! Consistently elevated pressure levels increase energy consumption, while the efficiency of pumping equipment decreases

Submersible pump control cabinet: necessity and functions

Control cabinet - required element autonomous system water supply, operating on the basis of a submersible pump. It integrates all control, monitoring units and safety units.

Using a distribution cabinet you can solve a number of problems:

Ensuring a smooth, safe start of the pump electric motor.
Regulation of the frequency converter.
Performance tracking autonomous water supply: water temperature, pressure in pipes, well level.
Leveling the characteristics of the current that is supplied to the motor terminals and regulates the speed of rotation of the pump shaft.

The control cabinet, which serves several units simultaneously, has expanded functionality:

Monitoring the frequency of pump operation. The control units alternately ensure uniform wear of the machine part of the equipment. This almost doubles the service life of pressure equipment.
Monitoring the continuity of operation of units. If one pump fails, the well will continue pumping water on the second (backup) line.
Monitoring the functionality of pumping equipment. When the device is idle, it is prevented from silting.

Standard control cabinet configuration

The distribution cabinet for a submersible pump (water, drainage, fire) consists of the following elements:

The housing is a metal box designed for installation of electrical equipment.
The front panel is made on the basis of the housing cover, which has built-in Stop/Start buttons. On front side indicators of the operation of sensors and pumps are installed, as well as a relay for switching from manual to automatic mode.
The phase control unit consists of three sensors that monitor the load by phase. The device is installed near the “entrance” to the hardware part of the distribution cabinet.
Contractor is a switch that supplies electricity to the terminals of the pumping unit and disconnects the unit from the network.
The fuse is a special relay that neutralizes the consequences short circuit in system. In the event of a short circuit, the fuse element will blow, not the motor winding or the contents of the cabinet.
Control unit - controls the operating mode of the unit. Consists of a pump off/on sensor and an overflow sensor. The sensor terminals are inserted into the hydraulic tank and into the well.
The frequency converter controls the shaft speed of the asynchronous motor, reducing and increasing the rotation speed at the moment the pump is turned off and started.
Pressure and temperature sensors are connected to the contractor and block the unit from starting in improper operating conditions - icing of pipes, increased pressure, etc.

This “filling” of control cabinets is adopted as a basis by many manufacturers. But at the same time, some companies are implementing standard diagram innovative solutions, increasing the competitiveness of the product.

Review of control units from different manufacturers

Automatic station "Cascade"

The control station for the submersible pump "Cascade" is designed for automatic control/protection three-phase electric motor unit designed for 380 V. The station is a metal cabinet locked with a lock. The kit includes:

control station;
dry running sensor (conductometric type);
level sensor;
passport and instruction manual.

Technical and operational characteristics of the Cascade station:

rated current - up to 250 A;
working position - vertical;
power supply of level sensors with alternating current;
current measurement by load phases;
supply voltage - 380 V;
degree of protection - IP21, IP54.

Available models

Emergency shutdown in case of:

overloads during operation and at startup;
failure of one/two phases;
engine idling;
overheating of the electric motor;
low well flow rate;
short circuit in the electric motor circuit.

Height control device

The “Height” submersible pump protection/control device is designed for centrifugal borehole units with a power of 2.8-90 kW. Main functions:

start/stop the pump depending on the liquid level in the tank;
turning off the unit in case of short circuits;
dry running protection;
motor insulation resistance monitoring;
load control in phase.

Important! If a level sensor is not used, the device can operate in remote control mode

Operating principle of the “Vysota” station

If there is no water in the tank, the lower and upper electronic sensors (KNU, KVU) are open, and relay K1 is de-energized - the pumping equipment starts. When the liquid level is high, the KVU contact closes the circuit, relay K1 is activated and opens the circuit of the starter coil - the pump is turned off. After the water level drops below the pressure level, the electric pump is turned on again.

Protection against short circuit of the electrical circuit is provided by the QF switch, the control circuit by the FU fuse. The KK current thermal relay protects against overloads; when activated, the light with the inscription “Overload” lights up.

Control device Aries SAU-M2

The device for controlling the submersible pump Aries SAU-M2 is used to maintain the water level in storage tanks, reservoirs, settling tanks and drainage complexes.

Technical characteristics and operating conditions:

nominal voltage - 220V;
permissible deviations from the recommended voltage level - +10...-15%;
maximum permissible current - 8 A;
liquid resistance at which the sensor is triggered is up to 500 kOhm;
degree of protection of the case - IP44;
temperature environment— +1…+50°С;
relative air humidity - maximum 80% at a temperature of +35°C;
atmospheric pressure is about 86-106.7 kPa.

Functional diagram of the control unit for the SAU-M2 submersible pump

When the water level in the tank reaches the lower level where the long tank sensor electrode is installed, the tank is automatically filled to the upper level where the short tank sensor electrode is mounted. 2 three-electrode sensors are connected to the device:

filled container level sensor;
level sensor in a container used to collect liquid (well).

Comparators 1-4 compare the signal values with a reference value, after which they issue a signal to turn on/off the pump relay to which the electric drive of the unit is connected.

The “Pump” relay turns off when the short electrode of the capacitance sensor is flooded and turns on when the long electrode is drained (lower level).

A simple submersible pump control circuit

To arrange a dacha water supply, it is advisable to place a container for storing water on a small hill. From the tank to water pipes water will be supplied to the house and the right places personal plot. The figure shows a diagram of the simplest pump control mechanism, which you can organize yourself.

The circuit consists of a small number of elements. The advantages of such control are ease of installation and reliability.

Principle of operation:

The unit is started and turned off by the normally closed relay contact K1.1.
The operating mode is selected by switch S2 (water lift-drainage).
Sensors F1 and F2 monitor the water level in the tank (a regular wooden barrel or plastic container can be used as a tank).
Turning on the power with switch S1, when the liquid level is below sensor F1, the relay coil is de-energized - the pump starts through the closed contacts of relay K1.1. After the water rises to sensor F1, transistor VT1 opens and turns on relay K1. The normally closed contacts K1.1 will disconnect and the unit will stop.

The control system uses a low-power transformer from a broadcast receiver. In this case, it is important to ensure that the voltage on capacitor C1 is at least 24 V. KD212A diodes can be replaced with any diode with a rectified current of about 1 A and a reverse voltage of more than 100 V.

strport.ru

Control circuit (shutdown) of the pump for pumping water according to degree

We will start with a scheme for pumping water, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping out water to a certain extent, and then turning off the pump so that it does not idle. Take a look at the diagram below.

Actually, such a basic electrical circuit is capable of pumping out water to a given degree. Let's look at the principle of its operation, what's here and why. So, let’s imagine that water replenishes our tank, it doesn’t matter that this is your room, cellar or tank... As a result, when the water reaches the upper reed switch SV1, voltage is applied to the coil of the great relay P1. Its contacts close, and through them occurs parallel connection reed switch. In this manner the relay is self-retaining. The power relay P2 is also turned on, which switches the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on for pumping. Next, the water level begins to decrease and reaches the reed switch SV2, in this case it closes and supplies a positive potential to the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on both sides of the coil, no current flows, the magnetic field of the relay weakens - relay P1 turns off. When P1 is turned off, the supply to relay P2 is also turned off, that is, the pump also stops pumping out water. Depending on the power of the pump, you can select a relay for the current you need.
We haven't said anything about the 200 ohm resistor. It is necessary so that when the SV2 reed switch is turned on, a short circuit to minus does not occur through the relay contacts. It is better to finally choose a resistor such that it allows relay P1 to operate reliably, but at the same time has the highest possible potential. In our case it was 200 Ohms. Another feature of the circuit is the use of reed switches. Their advantage when used is obvious; they do not come into contact with water, which means that the electrical circuit will not be affected by possible changes in currents and potentials at different life situations, whether the water is salty or unclean... The circuit will always work stably and without misfires.
Well, now let’s look at the opposite situation, when it is necessary to pump water into the tank and turn it off when the level rises.

Control circuit (shutdown) of the pump for filling water according to degree

If you take a quick glance at our entire article, you will notice that we simply did not include the second diagram in the article, except for the larger one. In fact, this is a self-evident fact, because what essentially distinguishes the pumping circuit from the pumping circuit, except that the reed switches are located one at the bottom, second at the bottom. That is, if you rearrange the reed switches, or reconnect the contacts to them, then one circuit will turn into another. That is, we summarize that in order to convert the above diagram into a water pumping scheme, change the reed switches. As a result, the pump will be turned on from the lower sensor - reed switch SV1, and turned off at the upper level from reed switch SV2.

Implementation of the installation of reed switches as limit sensors to trigger the pump depending on the water level

In addition to the electrical circuit, you will need to make a design that ensures the closure of the reed switches, depending on the water level. For our part, we can offer you a couple of options that will satisfy these conditions. Take a look at them below.

In the first case, a design was implemented using a thread or cable. The second has a rigid structure, when magnets are inserted on a rod floating on a float. There is a special reason for neti to describe the elements of each of the constructions; here, in principle, everything is extremely clear.

Connecting the pump according to the triggering scheme depending on the water level in the tank - summing up

The most important thing is that this circuit is very simple, does not require adjustment, and can be easily repeated by anyone, even without experience with electronics. Second, the circuit is very reliable and consumes minimal power in standby mode, since all its circuits are open. This means that consumption will be limited only by current losses in the power supply, no more.

lux-dekor.ru

The need to use automation

So that the water supply system country house was automatic and worked without your intervention, you need an automatic machine (automation system) that will maintain a certain pressure in the system and control the start and stop of pumping equipment.

To make pump control simple and reliable, in addition to standard equipment general purpose(contactors, magnetic starters, switches and intermediate relays) special monitoring and control devices are used. These include the following products:

jet relays;
pressure and liquid level control sensors;
electrode relays;
capacitive sensors;
pressure gauges;
float level sensors.

Pumping equipment control options

The following types of devices are used to control a submersible pump:

control panel consisting of a block of necessary mechanisms;
press control;
automatic control device that maintains a certain pressure in the water supply system.

The control panel is a fairly simple unit that allows you to protect the pumping product from voltage surges and short circuits. Automatic operating mode can be obtained by connecting the control unit to the pressure and liquid level switch. In some cases, the control panel is connected to a float sensor. The price of such a control unit is low, but its effectiveness without the use of pump protection against dry operation and a pressure switch is questionable.

Tip: for self-installation It is better to use a unit with a built-in system.

The control unit in the form of a press control has a built-in passive protection from dry operation, as well as equipment for automated pump operation. To control the system, it is necessary to monitor a number of parameters, namely fluid pressure and flow level. For example, if the water flow exceeds 50 liters per minute, then the pumping equipment under press control operates without stopping. The machine operates and turns off the pump if the water flow decreases and the pressure in the system increases. If the fluid flow is less than 50 liters per minute, then the pumping product starts when the pressure in the system drops to 1.5 bar. This operation of the machine is especially important during sudden pressure surges, when it is necessary to reduce the number of starts and stops of the pump at a minimum flow rate.

An automatic control device that allows you to maintain constant pressure in the system must be used where any pressure surges are extremely undesirable.

Attention: if the pressure readings are constantly overestimated, then the energy consumption will increase, and the efficiency of the pump, on the contrary, will decrease.

Control cabinet

The most advanced automatic device for controlling the operation of pumping equipment is a control cabinet. This device contains all the necessary components and safety blocks for controlling a submersible pump.

With the help of such a cabinet you can solve many problems:

The equipment ensures safe, smooth engine starting.
The operation of the frequency converter is adjusted.
The device monitors the operating parameters of the autonomous water supply system, namely pressure, liquid temperature, and water level in the well.
The machine equalizes the characteristics of the current supplied to the motor terminals and also regulates the shaft speed of the pumping equipment.

There are also control cabinets that can serve several pumps. These products can solve even more problems:

They will control the frequency of operation of the pumps, which will increase the service life of the units, since thanks to the control unit, uniform wear of the mechanical parts can be ensured.
Special relays will monitor the continuous operation of pumping products. If one unit fails, the work will be transferred to the second product.
Also, the automation system can independently monitor the health of pumping equipment. During prolonged inactivity of the pumps, silting will be prevented.

IN standard equipment The control cabinet includes the following components and elements:

The body is in the form of a steel box with doors.
The front panel is made based on the housing cover. It has built-in start and stop buttons. The panel is equipped with pump and sensor operation indicators, as well as relays for selecting automatic and manual operating modes.
A phase control device, which consists of 3 sensors, is installed near the entrance to the cabinet hardware compartment. This block monitors the load by phase.
A contactor is a product for supplying electric current to the pump terminals and disconnect the unit from the network.
Safety relay for short circuit protection. In the event of a short circuit, the fuse will be damaged, not the pump motor winding or cabinet components and parts.
To control the operation of the unit, there is a control unit in the cabinet. There are sensors for overflow, pump start and stop. In this case, the terminals of these sensors are led out into the well or hydraulic tank.
A frequency converter is used to control the rotation of the electric motor shaft. It allows you to smoothly reset and increase the engine speed when starting and stopping pumping equipment.
Temperature and pressure sensors are attached to the contactor and prevent the pump from starting under inappropriate conditions.

The simplest control scheme

The use of a simple scheme is justified for arranging a small water supply country house. In this case, it is better to place the water collection container on a slight elevation. From the storage tank, water will be supplied through a pipeline system to different places in the garden plot and to the house.

Tip: you can use a metal, plastic or wooden barrel or tank as a storage container.

The simplest control scheme pumping equipment It is not difficult to implement on your own, since it consists of a small number of elements. The main advantage of this scheme is reliability and ease of installation.

The operating principle of this control scheme is as follows:

To turn pumping equipment on and off, a contact relay (K 1.1) of a normally closed type is used.
The scheme implies two modes of operation - lifting water from the well and drainage. The choice of one mode or another is carried out using the switch (S2).
To control the water level in the storage tank, relays F 1 and 2 are used.
When the water in the tank drops below the level of sensor F1, the power is turned on via switch S. In this case, the relay coil will be de-energized. The pumping equipment starts when the contacts on relay K1.1 are closed.
After the liquid level rises to sensor F1, transistor VT1 opens and relay K1 turns on. In this case, the normally closed contacts on relay K1.1 will open and the pumping equipment will turn off.

This control system uses a low-power transformer that can be taken from a rotary receiver. When assembling the system, it is important that a voltage of at least 24 V is supplied to capacitor C1. If you do not have 212 A KD diodes, then instead you can use any diodes with a rectified current within 1 A, and the reverse voltage should be more than 100 V.

vodakanazer.ru

Conductometric control method

There is much more reliable method monitoring and controlling the liquid level is a conductometric method. True, it is only suitable for conductive liquids, but the vast majority of tasks involve regulating the level of water, which is an excellent conductor of current.
The principle is based on the fact that electrodes are immersed in a liquid, between which a small current with a small voltage flows. A special controller thus monitors the liquid level with absolute accuracy. The method has high reliability, control accuracy and a more flexible mode, because You can set the levels arbitrarily.

Let's give an example: there is a well with a low flow rate; therefore, the well pump needs to be protected from operation without water as reliably as possible and ensure its comfortable operation. Only by the conductometric method can we ensure the correct operating mode of the pump and high reliability of operation.
We can set a mode in which the pump will turn off when the liquid level is unacceptable, and turn on only when full recovery water level in the well. This will not only protect the pump, but also ensure that the pump rarely starts. Otherwise, its resource will be greatly reduced, because a slight rise in water will turn on the pump, which will pump out this water in a matter of seconds and turn off again. And so on in short cycles. This is both inconvenient and will quickly damage the pump.
The controller is a universal switching product that can be used in many ways and expand its functionality. For example, you want to know about an emergency situation - we connect a modular buzzer or lamp that will signal a malfunction. By connecting taps with a servo drive, it is easy to build a water leakage protection system. And much more.

Any conductive material is suitable as electrodes for a conductometric system. metal object. But since many materials oxidize and rust, it is recommended to use elements made of brass and stainless steel as electrodes.
The proposed factory electrodes can be viewed Here

As a common (bottom) electrode, you can also use the body of the controlled container, if it is metal. When automating a submersible pump, the body of the pump itself can act as a common electrode; then we simply connect the terminal of the common electrode to the ground contact of the pump cable.

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Control circuit (shutdown) of the pump for pumping water by level

We will start with a scheme for pumping water, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping water to a certain level, and then turning off the pump so that it does not idle. Take a look at the diagram below.

It is this kind of electrical circuit that can ensure pumping of water to a given level. Let's look at the principle of its operation, what's here and why. So, let’s imagine that water replenishes our tank, it doesn’t matter whether it’s your room, a cellar or a tank... As a result, when the water reaches the upper reed switch SV1, voltage is applied to the coil of the control relay P1. Its contacts close, and a parallel connection to the reed switch occurs through them. Thus the relay is self-retaining. The power relay P2 is also turned on, which switches the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on for pumping. Next, the water level begins to decrease and reaches the reed switch SV2, in this case it closes and supplies a positive potential to the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on both sides of the coil, no current flows, the magnetic field of the relay weakens - relay P1 turns off. When P1 is turned off, the power supply to relay P2 is also turned off, that is, the pump also stops pumping out water. Depending on the power of the pump, you can select a relay for the current you need.
We didn't say anything about the 200 ohm resistor. It is necessary so that when the SV2 reed switch is turned on, a short circuit to minus does not occur through the relay contacts. It is best to choose a resistor such that it allows relay P1 to operate reliably, but at the same time has the highest possible potential. In our case it was 200 Ohms. Another feature of the circuit is the use of reed switches. Their advantage when used is obvious, they do not come into contact with water, which means that the electrical circuit will not be affected by possible changes in currents and potentials in various life situations, be it salty or dirty water... The circuit will always work stably and without misfires. No circuit configuration is required, everything works immediately, with the correct connection.

After 2 months... Now what was done a couple of months later, based on the requirements to reduce power consumption in standby mode. That is, this is already the second version of everything we talked about above.
You understand that according to the diagram above, a 12-volt power supply will be constantly turned on, which, by the way, also consumes free electricity. And based on this, it was decided to make a circuit to activate the pump for pumping out or filling water with a current in standby mode equal to 0 mA. In fact, this turned out to be easy to implement. Take a look at the diagram below.

Initially, all circuits in the circuit are open, which means it consumes our declared 0 mA, that is, nothing. When the upper reed switch closes, the voltage through the transformer and diode bridge turns on relay P1. Thus, the relay switches power through its contacts and a 36 ohm resistor to the power supply and again to itself, that is, it picks up itself. The pump turns on. Further, when the water level reaches the bottom and relay P2 is activated, it breaks the same self-pick-up circuit of relay P1, thus de-energizing the entire circuit and putting it in standby mode. The 36 ohm resistor serves to limit the current to the pump, at least a little, when the upper reed switch is turned on. Thereby reducing the induction current on the reed switch and extending its life. When the power supply is powered through relay P1, after its operation, such a resistance will easily provide the voltage to hold the relay, that is, it will not be critical, and secondly, it will not heat up, since not a significant current will flow through it. This is only the current from losses in the winding and the current to power relay P1. Therefore, the requirements for the resistor are not critical.
It remains to be said that in any of these circuits not only a reed switch can be used, but also simply limit sensors.

Well, now let's look at the opposite situation, when it is necessary to pump water into the tank and turn it off when high level in him. That is, the pump turns on when the water level is low and turns off when the water level is high.

Control circuit (shutdown) of the pump for filling water by level

If you take a quick glance at our entire article, you will notice that we simply did not provide the second diagram in the article, except for the one above. In fact, this is a self-evident fact, because what essentially distinguishes the pumping circuit from the pumping circuit, except that the reed switches are located one at the bottom and the other at the bottom. That is, if you rearrange the reed switches, or reconnect the contacts to them, then one circuit will turn into another. That is, we summarize that in order to convert the above diagram into a water pumping scheme, swap the reed switches. As a result, the pump will be turned on from the lower sensor - reed switch SV1, and turned off at the upper level from reed switch SV2.

Implementation of installation of reed switches as limit sensors to trigger the pump depending on the water level

In the first case, a design was implemented using a thread or cable. The second has a rigid structure, when the magnets are mounted on a rod floating on a float. To describe the elements of each of the constructions of the special meaning of neti, here, in principle, everything is extremely clear.

Connecting the pump according to the activation scheme depending on the water level in the tank - summing up

The most important thing is that this circuit is very simple, does not require adjustment, and almost anyone can repeat it, even without experience with electronics. Second, the circuit is very reliable and consumes minimal power in standby mode, since all its circuits are open. This means that consumption will be limited only by current losses in the power supply, no more.

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Scope of application of water level sensors

Advanced country and farms Those involved in growing fruits and vegetables use drip-type irrigation systems in their work. To ensure automatic operation of watering equipment, the design requires a large capacity for collecting and storing water. It is usually filled with submersible water pumps in a well, and it is necessary to monitor the level of water pressure for the pump and its quantity in the collection tank. In this case, it is necessary to control the operation of the pump, that is, turn it on when a certain water level in the storage tank is reached and turn it off when the water tank is completely filled. These functions can be implemented using float sensors.

Rice. 1 Operating principle of a float level sensor (RPL)

Big storage tank for water may also be required for water supply at home if the flow rate of the water intake tank is very small or the performance of the pump itself cannot ensure water consumption corresponding to the required level. In this case, liquid level control devices for automatic operation of the water supply system are also necessary.
The liquid level control system can also be used when working with devices that do not have protection against dry running of the well pump, a water pressure sensor or a float switch when pumping groundwater from basements and rooms with a level below the ground surface.

All water level sensors for pump control can be divided into two large groups: contact and non-contact. Non-contact methods are mainly used in industrial production and are divided into optical, magnetic, capacitive, ultrasonic, etc. kinds. The sensors are installed on the walls of water tanks or directly immersed in the liquids being monitored, the electronic components are placed in a control cabinet.

Rice. 2 Types of level sensors

In everyday life, the most widely used are inexpensive float-type contact devices, the tracking element of which is made of reed switches. Depending on their location in a container of water, such devices are divided into two groups.

Vertical. IN similar device Reed switch elements are located in the vertical rod, and the float itself with a ring magnet moves along the tube and turns the reed switches on or off.

Horizontal. They are attached to the upper edge on the side of the tank wall; when the tank is filled, the float with a magnet rises on an articulated lever and approaches the reed switch. The device is triggered and switches an electrical circuit placed in the control cabinet, which turns off the power to the electric pump.

Rice. 3 Vertical and horizontal reed sensors

Reed switch device

The main actuator element of the reed switch is the reed switch. The device is a small glass cylinder filled with an inert gas or with air evacuated. Gas or vacuum prevents the formation of sparks and oxidation of the contact group. Inside the flask there are closed contacts made of a ferromagnetic alloy of rectangular cross-section (permalloy wire) coated with gold or silver. When exposed to a magnetic flux, the contacts of the reed switch are magnetized and repel each other - the circuit through which the electric current flows opens.

Rice. 4 Appearance reed switches

The most common types of reed switches operate on a closure, that is, when magnetized, their contacts are connected to each other and the electrical circuit is closed. Reed switches may have two terminals for making or breaking a circuit, or three if used to switch electrical current circuits. The low voltage circuit that switches the power supply to the pump is usually located in the control cabinet.

Connection diagram for reed switch water level sensor

Reed switches are low power devices and are unable to switch high currents, so they cannot be used directly to turn a pump off and on. They are usually involved in the low-voltage switching circuit for the operation of a high-power pump relay located in the control cabinet.

Rice. 5 Electrical circuit for controlling an electric pump using a reed float sensor

The figure shows the simplest circuit with a sensor that controls the drainage pump depending on the water level during pumping, consisting of two reed switches SV1 and SV2.

When the liquid reaches the upper level, the magnet with the float turns on the upper reed switch SV1 and voltage is applied to the relay coil P1. Its contacts close, a parallel connection to the reed switch occurs and the relay is self-capturing.

The self-clipping function does not make it possible to turn off the power to the relay coil when the contacts of the switching button are opened (in our case it is the reed switch SV1). This happens if the relay load and its coil are connected to the same circuit.

Voltage is supplied to the coil of a powerful relay in the power supply circuit of the pump, its contacts close and the electric pump begins to work. When the water level drops and the float with the magnet of the lower reed switch SV2 reaches it, it turns on and a positive potential is also applied to the relay coil P1 on the other side, the current stops flowing and relay P1 turns off. This causes a lack of current in the coil of power relay P2 and, as a result, the supply voltage to the electric pump stops.

Rice. 6 Float vertical water level sensors

A similar pump control circuit, placed in the control cabinet, can be used when monitoring the level in a tank with liquid, if the reed switches are swapped, that is, SV2 will be at the top and turn off the pump, and SV1 in the depths of the water tank will turn it on.

Level sensors can be used in everyday life to automate the process when filling large containers with water using electric water pumps. The easiest types of reed switches to install and operate are those produced by industry in the form of vertical floats on rods and horizontal structures.

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Pump control in automatic and manual mode, using water level control relays NJYW1-NL1 and NJYW1-NL2 from CHINT Electrics

Hello, dear friends!

Today, let's talk about a simple electrical circuit - Pump control in automatic andmanual mode, using NJYW1 series relays to control the water level in the tank.

The other day I looked interesting video about how to manage deep well pump automatically and without overpaying for the electrical panel itself. I immediately wanted to draw a couple of diagrams using relay NJYW1 from company CHINT Electrics.

Maybe, I am the first to present to you the finalized, fundamental electrical circuits pump level control using such a relay. Because on the Internet, except practical video review, I didn't find anything.

Relay NJYW1 very easy to use and does not require any additional settings. There is only one switching contact, which, depending on the configured electrodes in the tank, turns on or off the water supply or pumping pump.

Many summer cottages, due to their geographical location, are not provided with central water supply. And often, summer residents are forced to dig their own wells and boreholes to provide for themselves drinking water.

If you have such an area, remember how many times a day you have to run for water!

Control circuit for filling water into a storage tank

The given example of an electrical circuit can be used to connect a deep-well pump to summer cottage, for filling a container with drinking water or water for your own needs.

As soon as the water level reaches the minimum mark in the tank, the relay KL1 M1 and does not turn off the pump until the water level in the tank reaches the maximum value.

Example of a diagram from a passport

As for pumping water from the tank, the same can be applied relay NJYW1, slightly changing the electrical circuit, after the control contact KL1. By switching just one wire №8 from terminal Tb per terminal Ta on the executive contact - relay KL1.

Control circuit for pumping water from a storage tank

Pumping out water in the tank begins when the upper level is reached, and the pump stops when it reaches the lower level. Thus, preventing overflow from the tank.

When the maximum water level in the tank is reached, the relay KL1 gives a signal to turn on the pump M1 and turns it off only if the level reaches the minimum mark.

This mode of operation is most suitable for pumping groundwater from basements.

Example of a diagram from a passport

As you can see, this relay can be used for different cases, both for supplying water and for pumping it out of the tank.

I slightly modified both electrical circuit diagrams from the manufacturer's data sheet and added to the automatic mode manual activation and shutdown of the pump.

Maintenance of an autonomous water supply system includes control over pumping equipment and serviceability of communications, conservation of the network during a long absence, and rational automatic control.

Automation is easy to implement by installing a pump control cabinet in a specially designated area - a compact distribution station operating in several modes. We will tell you in detail how to correctly assemble and install it. By following our advice, you can correctly connect the equipment.

We have provided a standard configuration of the control cabinet. Described what additional functions can be installed and used. The information proposed for consideration was supplemented with useful illustrations and videos.

Technical stuffing different models differs, since control points have an individual functional focus.

Manufacturers offer ready-made standard circuits, but they do not always meet specific requirements, so there is such a service as making a custom control unit. To begin with, we will try to consider the general positions that unite all models.

Functional responsibilities of the control cabinet

The main function of any distribution station is to organize the operation of the equipment connected to it, including in this case– pumping. From one control panel (and this is convenient if the distance between objects is large), the motors of drainage, surface, and well pumps are effectively controlled.

The number of connected units may vary. The minimum connection is one well or one, which supplies water and ensures its availability for the entire water supply system (heating, fire extinguishing). In addition to it, a drainage pump is connected, which is necessary for pumping out water in domestic and emergency situations.

Image gallery

Possible operating modes: circulation and drainage using an analogue sensor or pressure switch. Two variants of the operating algorithm involve simultaneous or alternate activation of pumps

Specifications:

Voltage – 1x220 V or 3x380 V, 50 Hz
Motor power of connected equipment – up to 7.5 kW per motor
Temperature range – from 0°C to +40°C
Protection degree: IP65

If an emergency occurs and the pump motor breaks down (due to a short circuit, overload, overheating), the equipment automatically turns off and a backup option is connected.

Cabinets Wilo SK

The SK-712, SK-FC, SK-FFS lines from Wilo are designed to control several pumps - from 1 to 6 pieces.

Several automatic circuits in the Wilo SK-712 cabinet greatly simplify the operation of pumping stations

Specifications:

Voltage –380 V, 50 Hz
Motor power of connected equipment – from 0.37 to 450 kW
Temperature range – from +1°С to +40°С
Protection degree: IP54

During operation, all technological parameters are displayed on the display. In the event of an emergency, an error code is displayed.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

You can learn more about how pump control cabinets function in the following videos.

How to make the simplest SHUN with your own hands:

An example of the operation of a typical SHUN on a test bench:

The use of pump control cabinets allows you to efficiently use the resources of well or drainage equipment and save energy. Knowing specifications his pumping station, you can purchase the basic SHUN model or place an order according to an individual scheme.

Uninterrupted water supply to a private home is a completely doable task. To do this, it is necessary to automate the process of replenishing consumed water in tanks. Since most high-quality machines are quite expensive, and affordable ones do not meet quality requirements, you can do homemade device to regulate the water supply by a deep pump from a well or well.

Typically, water from a well flows into a storage tank, from which it is used for its intended purpose through connected taps. As the liquid is consumed, the pump should automatically turn on until the container is filled and turn it off in a timely manner, preventing overflow or rupture.

For this purpose, you can use reed switches, which are a sealed contact controlled by a magnet. Such contacts are usually used in television and radio equipment. They are reliable and durable. Reed switches usually have three switching contacts. But you can also use instances with two terminals, you just need to purchase two different reed switches - having normally closed and normally open contacts.

The pump starter is installed in convenient location premises. Voltage from the network is supplied to its input, and an electric pump is connected to the output contact. Inside the tank, a plastic tube is attached to its lid, inside which a cylindrical float with a magnet attached to it is placed. You can use a piece of foam plastic as a float. As water accumulates in the tank, the float rises, and when the water level drops, it lowers.

Reed switches are attached to the plastic tube - the upper one, which opens the network, at the maximum water level, the lower one, which closes, at the minimum level. When water is drawn in, the magnet on the float rises to the level of the upper reed switch. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the reed switch is activated, disconnecting the pump from the network - the water supply stops. When water flows, the magnet drops to the lower reed switch, and it closes the circuit - the pump turns on and pumps water from the well to the required level. Thanks to the reliability of the reed switches, the system automatic regulation The submersible pump operates flawlessly.

Assembling an automatic control system for a deep-well pump in rooms with low ceilings.

If the storage tank is installed in the room in such a way that the distance from its top edge to the ceiling is too small, then the automatic pump control unit is installed in a different way.

The float, lowered into the container, is connected with twine through a system of guide pulleys with a magnet. Bobbins from sewing machine. A plastic tube with a magnet is placed outside the tank, in any convenient place, but so that there are no obstacles to the free movement of the twine. In this case, the twine should be slightly tensioned, for which you can add small weights to the magnet.

TO outer surface tubes, reed switches are attached at the required height, corresponding to the level of switching on and off the pump. In this case, the reed switch that opens the network will be lower than the closing one.

Pump operation control using a conventional switch.

In some cases, organizing automatic pump control using reed switches may be difficult or impossible. In this case, there is an option to automate turning the system on and off using a simple electrical wall switch. With its simplicity this type pump control is less reliable and not durable. Much depends on the quality of the electrical switch itself.

1. A float (plumbing or foam) is installed in the storage tank. A non-metallic rod is attached to it, which is brought out.

2. A guide tube is attached to the inner walls of the tank, inside which the rod from the float will move up and down with minimal resistance.

3. A magnet is attached to the rod, which will change the position of the switch contacts to “On.” or "Off." In this case, the magnet must be powerful enough so that its magnetic field can overcome the resistance force of the spring inside the switch.

4. It is necessary to securely fasten a metal plate or a strong wire to the switch key, the ends of which are recommended to be bent in the form of whiskers - contacts.

5. The supply tank and switch are mounted on one wall, with the switch located above the tank.

6. To connect the pump to the switch, the phase wire of the power cable is cut and the ends are connected to the contacts of the switch. The cable plug is inserted into the socket.

How does this type of machine work?

1. When water is consumed from the storage tank, its level decreases, and accordingly, the magnet on the rod moves down. At the moment when it reaches the level of the lower contact antenna, it is sharply attracted to the magnet, moving the switch to the “On” position. The pump turns on and water begins to flow.