The machine blade is a metal-cutting device installed on hacksaw-type cutting machines. For their manufacture, tool steels of grades R6M5, R9 and others are used. The most widely used fabric in production is the one with a length of 400-500 millimeters and a width of 32 and 40 millimeters.

Using a machine blade, you can cut steel, cast iron or metal products with round or profile section and hardness not exceeding 45-55 HRC.

What is a machine hacksaw blade?

A hacksaw blade is a thin plate of steel with teeth located on one edge and two holes.

The machine canvas can vary in size, and can also be single-sided or double-sided. The stability of metal cutting depends on the steel grade, so it is very important to choose a blade in strict accordance with the regulatory requirements normative document- GOST 6645-86.

How to choose the right canvas

The choice of machine blade will depend on the material of the product being processed. In this case, you need to focus, first of all, on the number of hacksaw teeth (per 1 inch section):

for cutting thin metal in the form of a pipe, profile, tube, the number of teeth should be 14 pieces/25 millimeters;
for cutting material with small or medium thickness - 10 teeth/25 millimeters;
for cutting metal with large thickness- 6 teeth/25 millimeters;
for cutting soft metal with large thickness - 4 teeth/25 millimeters.

If the blade has fewer teeth, then it is intended for cutting thick metals; if the number of teeth is higher, the blade is used to cut loose material.

Rules for operating the machine cloth

When using a machine saw blade, certain rules must be followed to ensure high quality work and extend the life of the tool:

The machine saw must be kept in the right conditions and meet regulatory technical requirements.
You need to pay as much attention to the care of the canvas as to other machine equipment.
It is necessary to clearly monitor the condition and progress of the lifting machine mechanism, the operation of the pump and the cleanliness of the oil being poured.
Be sure to check the correct fastening and tension of the machine blade.
The material to be cut must be secured securely in a vice so that the maximum tooth engagement is obtained - a minimum of 4 teeth and a maximum of 30 teeth.
If more than one part is being cut, each part must be secured securely.
If ingots are being cut, you must first thoroughly clean the cut area with a steel brush.
Do not apply too little or too much pressure.
When performing metal-cutting work in mandatory coolant is used.
After processing 2-3 products, you need to check the level of web tension.
When cutting for a long time, the blade requires periodic replacement.
One cutting should be done with one machine blade.

- this is the main cutting element of a hand hacksaw or the equipment of a hacksaw cutting machine, which is a thin and narrow plate with 2 holes and teeth on one or two edges. The cutting of the material is carried out thanks to the reciprocating movement of the tool with simultaneous pressure.

Types and design of hacksaw blades

Depending on the purpose, there are two main types of hacksaw blades - manual and machine, designed respectively for manual cutting or work on cutting machine. They differ primarily in the size of the canvas:

Hand hacksaw blades have a length of 250 and 300 mm, a width of 12.5 and 25 mm, and a thickness of 0.63 to 1.25 mm.
A machine hacksaw blade can be longer - up to 400 mm, has a greater width and thickness due to increased loads - from 25 to 55 mm in width and from 1.25 to 2 mm in thickness.

The length of the blade is determined by the distance between the centers of the mounting holes and ranges from 150 to 400 mm. For hand saws they can be with unilateral (type A) or bilateral (type B) tooth arrangement.

The main materials of the blades are steel grades P9, Kh6VF and U10A. A material hardness of HRC 61-64 is required. To obtain this characteristic, the teeth undergo heat treatment. An important parameter is the tooth pitch, ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 mm.

The most widely used are blades with frequent and sharp teeth, having a groove in the shape of an isosceles triangle with an angle at the base of 60°. Blades with large pitches and large grooves are also widely used, which ensures good chip removal. The grooves here are made straight, which guarantees good heat dissipation.

Selection of hacksaw blade

When choosing a hacksaw blade, the characteristics that need to be given Special attention, are the part size and material. The size of the part determines the possibility of using a blade of a certain length and width.

The hardness and viscosity of the material influence the choice of blade pitch and tooth size. The following recommendations exist:

Tin, roofing iron etc. materials of similar thickness - step 0.8 mm.
Thin-walled pipes, thin steel profile– about 1 mm.
Thick-walled pipes and other similar materials - at least 1.25 mm.
Cast iron, plastic – 1.2 – 1.5 mm.

Proper use of the blade guarantees its longest service life. First of all, this concerns the correct tension on the machine. Be sure to read the instructions on how to install the hacksaw blade and how to properly tighten it. It should be strong enough to work and, at the same time, allow for slight bending. The sound of a correctly tensioned canvas is a pleasant ringing; if it is not tensioned enough, the sound is lower; if it is overtightened, it is noticeably higher.

The canvas is inserted into the frame with the teeth forward.
When working with fragile and hard materials, the blade should be moistened with water or lubricated with grease.
For cutting thin materials It is necessary that at least 3 teeth are involved in the cut.
It is advisable to cut soft and viscous materials with a blade lubricated with a soapy solution.
Avoid transverse bends and sudden jerks.
To rationally use the teeth of the machine blade, install the workpiece at its right end with the crank in the extreme position.
Use additional weight for thin workpieces.

Current GOSTs

For manual frames defines technical specifications hacksaw blade GOST 17270-71. The parameters of a hacksaw for metal are regulated by GOST 6645-86

INTERSTATE STANDARD

HACKSAW BLADES

FOR METAL

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Official publication

IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS Moscow

INTERSTATE STANDARD

HACKSAW BLADES FOR METAL

Specifications

Saw blades for metal cutting.

MKS 25.100.40 OKP 39 2540

Date of introduction 07/01/87

This standard applies to manual and machine hacksaw blades for metal (hereinafter referred to as blades).

The requirements of this standard regarding section. 1, 2, 4, 5 and clause 3.2 are mandatory, other requirements are recommended.

1. TYPES AND MAIN DIMENSIONS

1.1. Canvases must be made of the following types:

1 - manual; 2 - machine; versions:

A - with teeth located on one side of the blade;

B - with teeth located on both sides of the blade.

Type 2 blades are produced only in version A.

Official publication

1.2. The dimensions of the canvases must correspond to those indicated in the drawing. 1, 2 and in table. 12.

Reproduction is prohibited

Editor L.V., Koretnikova Technical editor O.N. Vlasova Proofreader V. S. Chernaya Computer layout by S. V. Ryabova

Ed. persons No. 02354 dated July 14, 2000. Delivered for recruitment on September 30, 2004. Signed for publication on October 25, 2004. Cond.bake.l. 1.40. Academician-ed.l. 0.85.

Circulation 95 copies. C 4338. Zak. 858.

IPC Standards Publishing House, 107076 Moscow, Kolodezny lane, 14. http://www.standards.ru e-mail: [email protected]

Typed in the Publishing House on a PC Printed in the IPC branch of the Publishing House of Standards - type. “Moscow Printer”, 105062 Moscow, Lyalin lane, 6.

Plr No. 080102

Table 1

Designation	unemployment

Continuation of the table. 1

Designation	unemployment

* The dimensions of the canvas correspond to ISO 2336-80 (see Appendix 2).

Note. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to produce sheets 1\350 and 400 mm long with a diameter of fastening holes d = 10.2 mm.

Example symbol blades of execution A, dimensions /[ = 400 mm, s = 1.60 mm, P = 4.00 mm, b = 32 mm:

* It is allowed to produce canvases with mounting holes with a diameter of 6 mm and a width of 25 mm.

table 2

Designation	Applicability

Example of conditional P = 1.00 mm:

designation of canvas with dimensions s = 0.63 mm,

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2, 3).

1.3. Geometric parameters paintings are listed in Appendix 1.

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Canvases must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Canvases must be made:

type 1 - from steel strip according to GOST 23522, from high speed steel according to GOST 19265, made of steel grade X6VF according to GOST 5950. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to manufacture from steel grade V2F in accordance with GOST 5950;

type 2 - made of high-speed steel according to GOST 19265. It is allowed to manufacture from other grades of high-speed steel, ensuring the durability of blades is not lower than that of those made from steel according to GOST 19265.

Option 2

2.3. The canvas must be heat treated in accordance with the instructions in the drawing. 3 and in table. 3.

Table 3

Heat treatment zone	Blade type	Hardness	steel grade
Heat treatment zone	Blade type		steel grade
1 - increased			High-speed, instrumental
hardness			High-speed
2 - reduced hardness			High-speed
			Instrumental
			High-speed

2.4. The surfaces of the paintings should be free of cracks, film, scale and corrosion. Defects are allowed whose depth or height does not exceed the standards established for tape according to GOST 23522 or sheet according to technical specifications.

2.5. Hacksaw blades must have one of the following coatings: enamel NTs-25 according to GOST 5406, NTs-132 according to GOST 6631, Khim.Oks.prm. and other coatings that ensure the safety and appearance of the surface.

2.6. The blades must have a tooth pattern:

for type 1:

along the canvas (Fig. 4);

along two adjacent teeth through one undone (Fig. 5); for type 2:

on each tooth or through the tooth;

two adjacent through one undiluted (Fig. 5).

2.7. The routing of the blade should be along the entire length of the blade or end at a distance of (35+5) mm for blades of type 2 and 30 mm for blades of type 1 from the end.

The value of the tooth set should be 1.25-1.8 times the thickness of the blade for blades with a set along the blade; The wiring pitch should be 8P, but not more than 8 mm.

For blades with teeth set, the amount of teeth set per side should not be more than 0.15-0.25 of the thickness of the blade.

length 1\...........

hole diameter d. width for type:

1 at b: 12.5 mm. .

2 at 1\\ up to 400 mm

St. 400 mm tooth pitch for type:

2.8. Maximum deviations of web dimensions, mm:

±0.45Р per 10 mm length

2.9. Tolerance for the symmetry of the axes of the holes relative to the axis of symmetry of the width of the blade for blades of type 1-1 mm, for blades of type 2-1.4 mm.

2.10. The tolerance for straightness of the side sides of the web in a free state in the longitudinal direction per 100 mm of length is 0.5 mm for type 1 and 0.3 mm for type 2.

2.11. The tolerance for straightness of the sides in the transverse direction across the entire width of the unset part of the blade of type 1 should not exceed for blades with a set along the blade - half the difference between the value of the set and the thickness of the blade measured on the unset part, for blades with a tooth set - the value of the tooth set to the side .

The straightness tolerance in the transverse direction across the entire width of the undone part of the blade type 2 should not exceed 0.8 of the tooth set value per side.

2.12. The difference in height of the tops of adjacent blade teeth should not exceed: 0.1 mm for blades with a tooth pitch of up to 1.4 mm; 0.15 mm for blades with a tooth pitch of St. 1.4 mm.

It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, for blades of type 1 with a tooth pitch of more than 1 mm, the difference in height of adjacent teeth is 0.15 mm.

2.4-2.12. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.13. Tolerance for straightness of the line of the tops of the blade teeth, mm:

for canvases of type 1, execution A - 1.4;

for other canvases:

at 1\ up to 350 mm - 1.0;

at 1\ St. 350 to 600 mm - 1.5;

at 1\ St. 600 mm - 2.5.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.14. The maximum deviations of the thickness of the hacksaw blade must: correspond to the maximum deviation source material- according to the upper deviation; according to the lower deviation - do not exceed the maximum deviation of the source material for

for blades of type 1 - by 0.05 mm, for blades of type 2 - by 0.1 mm.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.15. Average and 95% durability period under the test conditions specified in Sect. 4, must be at least, min:

for type 1 canvases:

98 and 42 - made of high-speed steel;

60 and 24 - made of tool alloy steel;

123 and 64 - for type 2 canvases.

Note: For tools made from high-speed steel grades with a content of alloying elements less than in steel grade R6M5, the correction factor for the average and established service life is 0.8.

2.16. The criterion for dulling of blades is the loss of productivity, expressed by the time of cutting the workpiece along the sections indicated in the table. 4, which should not exceed, min:

for type 1 blades made of high-speed steel:

with tooth pitch 0.8 - 1.4 mm....................................1.4

with a tooth pitch of 1.6 mm...................................4.0

with tooth pitch 0.8 - 1.4 mm....................................1.6

with tooth pitch 1.6 mm...................................5.0

for blades type 2...................................5.25

2.17. Each canvas must be clearly marked with: the manufacturer’s trademark;

canvas width; blade tooth pitch;

steel grade (steel grade 11RZAMEF2 is not marked).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

2.18. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

2.19. Other requirements for packaging, labeling of transport and consumer packaging are in accordance with GOST 18088.

3. ACCEPTANCE

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

3.2. Testing of canvases for the average period of durability should be carried out once every three years on at least 5 canvases, for a 95% durability period - once a year on at least 5 canvases.

Testing of canvases must be carried out on one standard size from each type of canvas.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

4. CONTROL METHODS

4.1. Control appearance carried out visually.

4.2. When monitoring the parameters of canvases, control methods and means should be used, the error of which should be no more than:

4.5. Type 1 blades are checked for tooth sharpness and elasticity before durability testing:

The sharpness of the teeth of the blades must ensure adhesion to the control plate with a hardness of 56 HRC 3.

The elasticity of the sheets is tested by bending the sheets in both directions around a cylinder with a diameter of 250 mm. After testing, the canvas should not have cracks or residual deformations beyond the maximum deviations specified in clause 2.10.

4.1-4.5. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.6. Tests of blades for serviceability during the average and 95% periods of durability should be carried out on hacksaw machines that meet the standards of accuracy and rigidity established for them, on samples made of steel grade 45 according to GOST 1050, hardness 180. . 190 NV.

4.7. Testing of canvases should be carried out in the modes indicated in table. 4.

Table 4

Tooth pitch P, mm	Number of double strokes with stroke length 150 mm	Blade force on the cut sample, N (kgf)	Sample cross-section, mm

* Static force when the sample being cut is located in the middle of the length of the section of the fabric under test and the crank pin at the top of the disk.

** With the connecting rod and hydraulic drive disconnected.

*** It is allowed to carry out tests on samples with a cross-section of 12x12 mm. In this case, performance tests are carried out with seven cuts. The time of the seventh cut is equal to the product of the correction factor of 1.65 and the time of the tenth cut when testing a sample with a cross-section of 10 x 10 mm.

The correction factor for the bluntness criterion is 1.65.

Note: During the reverse stroke, the force on the blade is not removed.

4.6-4.7. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

4.8. When testing type 2 blades, a 5% (by weight) solution of emulsol in water with a flow rate of 6-8 l/min should be used as a cutting fluid.

4.9. Tests of blades for performance should be carried out with ten cuts, and the time of the last cut should not exceed, min:

for curtains type 1

made of high-speed steel:

0.7 - with a tooth pitch of 0.8-1.4 mm;

2.0 - with a tooth pitch of 1.6 mm;

made of tool alloy steel:

0.8 - with a tooth pitch of 0.8-1.4 mm;

2.5 - with a tooth pitch of 1.6 mm;

3.5 - for type 2 canvases.

Note: For blades made of high-speed steel with a content of alloying elements less than in R6M5 steel, the correction factor for the time of the tenth cut is 1.15.

4.8, 4.9. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.10. After testing the blades for performance, there should be no kinks; they must be suitable for further work.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

4.11. Acceptance values for average and 95% durability periods must be no less than

for curtains type 1

115 and 50 - made of high-speed steel;

70 and 28 - made of tool alloy steel;

145 and 75 - for type 2.

Note. When the setting width increases to 1.8s, the correction factor for cutting time 10 and the blunting criterion is equal to 1.15; for the average and established periods of durability - 1.1.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

5. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. Transportation and storage of canvases - in accordance with GOST 18088.

Section 5. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF BLADE TEETH

Additionally, requirements for material, heat treatment, coating of blades, precision parameters of blades, tooth alignment, reliability of blades, acceptance rules, methods of inspection of blades, labeling, packaging, transportation and storage are also included. GOST 5406-84

Today there are a huge number of hacksaws for metal. They all differ in their appearance, characteristics, etc. These tools are also divided into professional and home ones. The most significant difference between these two types will be the metal blade.

Dimensions

Currently, the standard length for canvas is 300 mm. There are also hacksaws for which this figure is 150 mm. Shorter options are used only in cases where a large hacksaw is not suitable precisely because of its size or the master needs to perform very delicate work.

If we talk about the teeth of the metal blade, they are very small. This choice is due to the fact that it is small teeth that best cope with the cutting task. metal products. Masters of working with this tool pay attention to the fact that the canvas is essential element, but it is worth paying due attention to the handle of the tool. For some types, it is made very poorly, and it will be inconvenient to work with such a device, even if the metal blade meets all the qualities.

Tool differences

As mentioned earlier, saws are conventionally divided into professional and home. Main advantage professional tool the fact that its design is more rigid, and also makes it possible to carry out work at an angle of 90 and 55 degrees. Household equipment is often more flimsy, and during work they are constantly subject to storms. In this case, even a high-quality metal blade does not guarantee high-quality cutting. However, here it is necessary to build on the frequency of use of this tool. Home saws are much cheaper and should only be purchased if the hacksaw is rarely used. If you have to use this tool quite often, then it’s not worth saving.

It is worth mentioning a separate thing - a hacksaw-handle. The main difference between this tool and a regular hacksaw is that it is designed to work with a broken hacksaw blade for metal.

Product design

The design of this tool is almost the same for all models. The saw is a C-shaped arc, between the lower edges of which the blade is secured or tensioned. The working and main part of this tool is the same hacksaw blade for metal, which has many small teeth.

The handle is one of the three main parts of the device and plays a significant role in terms of ease of use of the tool when long work. Two-component composite handles with rubber inserts are considered the most successful in terms of performance and comfort of use.

The frame of this tool is an element that is designed to attach a blade for a hacksaw for metal. In production, frames can be used different materials, however, they determine what type of work the saw will be used for. For example, if it is necessary to saw high-strength metals, then it is best for the frame to be made of composite materials also high strength.

It is important to note that the frame design largely determines the working conditions. If it is necessary to cut in hard to reach places, then it is best to use a frame with adjustable blade angle or simply purchase a shorter version of the device.

Canvas

A hacksaw blade for metal is a thin strip made of solid type become. Even though this is the only metal part in the design of the saw, it is also the most vulnerable to breakage, since the thickness of the product is very small. For this reason, it is very important to monitor your actions when working with this tool. Careless and careless handling will lead to rapid breakdown fragile structural element.

Teeth

By itself, the steel blade for metal, the photo of which is presented below, cannot cut other metal parts.

This process is made possible by applying small wedge-shaped teeth to the edge of the blade. It is very important to pay attention to the hardening of these teeth when choosing a tool. Correct selection will lead to a significant increase in service life, as well as the efficiency of cutting the required parts. Currently, it is customary to use blades with fine teeth for cutting hard metal products, and large teeth are intended for working with soft parts. The canvases themselves can be made from different types steel, but it is best to opt for bimetallic ones. If you couldn’t find such ones, then you can pay attention to hardened canvases. These saw elements are made of nickel-plated stainless steel with teeth. It is worth noting that the blade should be attached in such a way that the teeth go in the opposite direction from the handle.

Selecting a canvas

The quality of the blade is determined by its teeth. The first selection criterion is the form cutting elements, which may vary depending on the inclination of the edge piece.

The second criterion for choosing a blade is the pitch of the teeth. Using this parameter, you can determine what hardness material it is suitable for cutting, and also select the maximum possible thickness of the product that can be sawed. This indicator is measured by the number of teeth per inch of fabric. It is also important to note that the thickness of the metal blade plays a role here. important role. For example, on professional three-hundred-millimeter hacksaws, the thickness will be 0.63 - 1.25 mm. The thickness of the blade for electric saws with a length of 150 mm is from 1.25 to 2.5 mm.

It is also worth saying that the number of teeth per inch of blade depends on the thickness and material of the workpiece that will be sawed. For example, when cutting an aluminum workpiece with a thickness of more than 5 mm, it is necessary that the number of teeth per inch be 18. If the thickness is from 2 to 5 mm, then the number of teeth can vary from 18 to 24. For a workpiece thickness of less than 2 mm, the number of teeth should be between 24 and 32.

GOST sheets for metal

GOST 6645-86 is state standard, which sets requirements for the type, size, quality of metal blades, etc.

This document sets the rules technical production this product. In particular, this GOST specifies the grades of steel from which the types of blades must be made. For example, type 1 must be made from steel strip that meets all the requirements of GOST 23522-79. Type 2 hacksaw blade must be made of high-speed steel, which is determined according to GOST 19265-73. The document also states that canvases must be subjected to heat treatment. A canvas is considered acceptable when there are no cracks, film, scale or corrosion on the surface.

INTERSTATE STANDARD

HACKSAW BLADES

FOR METAL