Review of wood-burning gas generator boilers and their features. Do-it-yourself pyrolysis heating boilers Do-it-yourself gas-generating solid fuel boilers

Updated:

2016-09-13

The gas generator boiler is the most effective look boiler running on solid fuel - wood. Various versions and modifications of equipment can significantly increase the coefficient useful action of a similar boiler up to 93-95 percent. The main feature of the devices is the almost complete combustion of wood.

Operating principle of a gas generator boiler

To understand what a gas generator boiler is, you need to understand its operating principle.

At the heart of the combustion process solid fuel Gas generator boilers have pyrolysis. When a new portion of firewood or briquettes is loaded, the fuel combustion process begins, divided into several stages.
The first step is to place the solid fuel in a special drying chamber. It allows you to bring the firewood to an ideal condition for efficient combustion.
Then the wood begins to burn. The temperature can be 20-850 degrees Celsius. During this stage, the combustion chamber receives virtually no oxygen. This promotes oxidation of the wood.
Oxidation produces a gas that moves into the combustion chamber. There the burners ignite the gas and it begins to burn.

This combustion principle makes it possible to use wood fuel as efficiently as possible and achieve such high efficiency indicators.

Gas generating units have one more feature - a water circuit. Inside the circuit, water flows through a pair of heating chambers, after which it moves into heating batteries- radiators located in the rooms.

Fuel used

Why do many people decide to assemble a gas generator boiler with their own hands or install this unit with the help of specialists? Largely due to the availability of the fuel used to operate the equipment.

Almost any solid fuel is used in gas generator boilers:

Firewood;
Wood waste;
Shavings;
Sawdust;
Briquettes;
Pellets, etc.

When it is not possible to connect a gas boiler due to problems with access to the main gas, gas generator installations become ideal solution. The fuel burns with almost no waste, unlike traditional solid fuel units.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before installing a gas generator boiler with your own hands, you need to consider this installation from all sides. It is important to understand not only the advantages, but also pay attention to the characteristic disadvantages.

This will help you decide if the gas generator type is right for you solid fuel boiler, or is it better to opt for a gas, liquid fuel or even electric option.

TO strengths A gas generator boiler has a number of characteristics.

Increased combustion efficiency of the solid fuel used. No matter how efficient a conventional solid fuel boiler is, its efficiency cannot rise above 90 percent. For gas generators it can reach 95 percent.
Energy independence. These units can be completely independent of the availability of the electrical network. Since no electricity is used, overall operating costs are reduced. At the same time, you have the opportunity to automate boilers.
The versatility of the fuel used. For heating own home With a gas generator boiler you can use any type of solid fuel that you have. All kinds of wood waste will not go to a landfill, but will serve as effective remedy for heating the house for several days.
Impressive combustion volume of a gas generator boiler. Due to the fact that you can put in the firebox in one bookmark a large number of fuel, the frequency of laying increases. You don't have to constantly monitor whether there is any firewood left inside the chamber.

This is not the entire list of advantages, but they are quite enough to highly appreciate the capabilities of gas generator boilers.

But now let's look at reverse side- flaws. These include:

Limited autonomy. Most gas generator boilers are non-volatile. This has its advantages, but also has its disadvantages. The lack of automation requires constant supervision of the equipment;
Service. Although fuel burns much more efficiently, waste cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, you will periodically have to clean the surfaces from accumulating soot and soot;
High price. Pyrolysis boilers noticeably more expensive than traditional ones solid fuel installations. The difference in price can be 1.5-2 times. But more high price pays off over time, since you save due to the efficiency of the pyrolysis unit. On average, with active use of the boiler, it pays for itself in 2-3 seasons;
Fuel quality requirements. Important role The dryness of the solid fuel used plays a role in the performance of pyrolysis equipment. If sawdust or firewood is wet, pyrolysis may not begin. So that users do not have to rack their brains about how to dry firewood, engineers included a drying chamber in the design of the unit. Before starting the combustion process, the fuel is dried in the chamber, after which pyrolysis proceeds perfectly.

Traditions versus pyrolysis

Does it make sense to purchase gas generator boilers if there are quite attractive traditional solid fuel units? To answer this question, both devices need to be compared according to some criteria.

Automation. The ability to connect automation to a gas generator device allows the unit to independently control combustion processes and regulate them according to parameters preset by users. Traditional models work in the same way as classic wood-burning stoves.
Efficiency. Another point where the pyrolysis heating unit becomes the undisputed winner. If the traditional wood boiler The efficiency can hardly reach 85-90 percent, but pyrolysis easily overcomes the 90 mark and moves towards 95 percent.
Service. Again, pyrolysis wins, since with almost complete combustion of fuel, the amount of waste is minimal. Classic stoves need to be cleaned several times a day, the condition of the combustion chamber must be monitored, and the chimney must be cleaned. Plus, the bookmark is carried out once every few hours. With a pyrolysis device everything is much simpler. One bookmark can be enough for a day of battery life.
Operating requirements. The only point in which the pyrolysis model is inferior to the traditional one. Classic wood boilers have the simplest design, so breakdowns rarely happen here. Pyrolysis units are more complex, so during operation you have to follow a number of rules. But in practice it is not so difficult if you carry out the initial installation correctly.

Gas-generating boiler systems have actively broken into the heating equipment market. Today they are used everywhere, becoming an indispensable device for heating and hot water supply in houses.

The most effective way using wood fuel are wood-fired gas generator boilers. Depending on the modification or manufacturer, the efficiency of such installations can reach 95 percent. In such devices, wood fuel burns almost completely, leaving no residue. Gas-generating boilers were once used even to drive cars, but now they firmly occupy the traditional niche for boilers - they are used for heating rooms and heating water. What is the operating principle of a gas generator boiler, and how to choose a gas generator boiler when purchasing?

When operating a gas generator boiler using wood, it is used pyrolysis principle. After adding fuel (wood or special wood briquettes) they go through several stages of combustion. Let's look at them:

Initially, wood fuel enters a special chamber where it is dried.
The wood fuel is then burned while maintaining a temperature between 20 and 850 degrees Celsius. In this case, practically no oxygen enters the combustion chamber. Thus, the oxidation of wood fuel occurs,
The gas resulting from oxidation enters the combustion chamber, where it is ignited and burned using burners.

Gas-fired wood-fired boilers used for heating purposes have a special water circuit. Inside it, the water passes through two heating chambers, and only then enters the heating radiators.

Fuel for gas generator boilers

The undoubted advantage of gas generator boilers is the fact that they can operate on almost any type of solid fuel. That is, you can load regular chopped firewood into them, as well as any types wood waste(sawdust, shavings) and briquettes, pellets and the like made from wood waste. In addition, gas generating plants are practically waste-free production: the fuel in them burns with virtually no residues.

Advantages of heating gas generating units

Installation heating systems, powered by gas generator boilers operating on wood fuel, has the following undoubted advantages:

Extremely high combustion efficiency. In any installation designed to burn wood fuel, but not using the effect of pyrolysis, the efficiency cannot rise above 90 percent.
Gas generating units are non-volatile and can be installed even in buildings that do not have a connection to a stationary power grid. Note that during the war, gas generator units were even placed on cars. The energy independence of the gas generating unit also reduces the cost of its operation.
Almost any type of wood fuel can be used in a gas generator installation, from classic firewood to wood waste. The use of wood waste, sawdust, wood chips, and so on significantly reduces the cost of operating gas generator systems. However, remember that of the total volume of fuel supplied at a time, the percentage of wood waste should not exceed 30 percent.
Large volumes of the combustion chamber allow gas generator boilers for a long time operate from one fuel load, which facilitates the operation of such an installation.

Disadvantages of gas generating plants

Despite all the attractiveness of heating and heating systems based on gas generators, such devices also have certain disadvantages. The disadvantages of gas generator systems generally coincide with the disadvantages of conventional solid fuel boilers.

Solid fuel boiler, as opposed to automated liquid or gas systems has limited autonomy. Such a boiler always requires a human operator who will add fuel as it burns. Also, the gas generator boiler must be regularly maintained and cleaned of soot and soot. Despite the almost complete combustion of organic wood fuel in gas-generating boilers, decomposition products are still present in such systems.

Purchasing a system with a gas generator boiler is quite expensive financially. According to rough estimates, a gas generator boiler will cost you one and a half times more than a conventional solid fuel boiler. But the difference in cost should pay off in a few heating seasons, based on the higher efficiency of the gas generator boiler.

Also, when operating gas generating units, it is necessary to use only dry fuel. On wet wood or sawdust, the pyrolysis process may simply not start. Therefore, gas generator boilers are often equipped drying chamber, in which the fuel reaches the required condition.

Comparison of gas generator and conventional boilers.

If we compare gas generator boilers with conventional heating or heating boilers using solid fuels, we can highlight the following nuances.

The relatively low autonomy of the gas generator boiler, which is the Achilles heel of all heating installations in solid types fuel can be adjusted with the introduction of an automatic loading system. In this case, a kind of conveyor begins to operate in the gas generator boiler, which, depending on the temperature in the device and the burning time, can send new portions of fuel into the furnace. In addition, the gas generator device on only one tab can operate autonomously throughout the day, which, in general, removes the question of the need for the constant presence of a stoker-operator.

In any case, the efficiency of gas generating units significantly exceeds the achievements of all their counterparts. If conventional solid fuel boilers are unlikely to be able to show an efficiency higher than 85%, then for gas generating equipment this figure can reach 95 percent.

But a wood-fired gas generator boiler is still a rather complex technical device. Unlike a conventional wood-burning boiler, it requires, albeit simple, but still regular Maintenance, Besides, certain requirements There are also requirements for the qualifications of personnel who work at gas generating plants.

The gas generator boiler perceives the humidity of the fuel entering it most critically. Therefore for efficient work The gas generator installation requires only pre-dried firewood.

Criteria for selecting a wood-burning gas generator installation

First of all, you need to take into account the degree of automation of the boiler and its energy independence. You may want to purchase a boiler that can operate for a long time without human intervention, or perhaps a gas generator boiler, which should independently, autonomously work only one fill, will be sufficient for your purposes.
To heat rooms, heating installations must produce at least one kilowatt for every 10 square meters heated area. Based on this, you can select the required power of the heating gas generator boiler.
In addition, wood-burning gas generator boilers can have different optional equipment. It may be intended, for example, to provide forced circulation liquids through a heating circuit or automation of regulation of combustion processes of the resulting gas.

In any case, consultants in specialized stores will help you choose a wood-burning gas generator boiler to suit your taste.

Gas-fired wood-fired boilers: video

Honest video review of the operation of the Dragon TA-15 gas generator pyrolysis boiler

In the absence of gas, coal and cheap electricity, the problem of heat supply can be solved with the help of efficient heating systems operating on wood - logs, waste, pressed briquettes. Such units are gas-generating boilers, the design of which differs from that of conventional boilers that burn wood, coal and other solid fuels.

Operating principle and design of heating installations

Boiler of this type equipped with a firebox consisting of two parts:

The first is the loading chamber, in which, if there is insufficient air, wood fuel decomposes into a solid residue ( charcoal) and a volatile component, the so-called pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis process occurs with the release of heat, which dries the fuel and heats the air entering the combustion zone.
Secondary air is supplied to the combustion chamber. Mixing pyrolysis gas and oxygen at high temperatures causes the gas to ignite. During combustion, pyrolysis gas reacts with active carbon, due to which the flue gases entering the atmosphere contain practically no harmful components.

Attention! Gas-generating wood boilers are characterized by low soot formation, so they need cleaning much less frequently than traditional solid fuel installations.

The main disadvantages of this heating equipment are energy dependence and restrictions on fuel moisture. The advantages include its ability to work on one tab for long period– more than 12 hours.

These installations use logs with a diameter of 100-250 mm and a length of up to 450 mm as fuel. The dimensions of fuel briquettes should not exceed 300x30 mm. When carrying logs and briquettes, you can use small debris, the volume of which should not exceed 30% of the volume of the loading chamber.

Advice! The drier the fuel, the more power will produce the unit and the longer its service life will be.

Possibility of self-production of the unit

High prices for solid fuel pyrolysis equipment explain the desire of many consumers to make a gas generator boiler with their own hands, drawings and detailed description As a rule, they are provided in a paid version.

One of the schemes was developed by designer Belyaev and involves the creation of a unit capable of providing thermal power about 40 kW. Air acts as the coolant in this system.

To manufacture a pyrolysis type unit you will need: a sheet 4 mm thick and pipes, the wall thickness of which must also be at least 4 mm, profile pipes, rod with a diameter of 20 mm, asbestos cord, fasteners. For the manufacture of linings heating installation You will need fireclay bricks. To ensure efficient operation of the unit and its convenient operation, it is necessary to purchase thermostatic automation and a centrifugal fan.

You can create a gas generator boiler with your own hands using the scheme of the inventor Yu.P. Blagodarov. The unit is called Blago.

This heating installation ensures long-term combustion of wood fuel with the formation of maximum heat.

Attention! In the Blago apparatus, the bottom of the fuel bunkers is completely covered with grates. This design contributes to a high level of fuel combustion heat and a long combustion period with natural draft. This device also allows you to increase the volume of the fuel tank without reducing efficiency.

Important advantages of the Blago boiler are its energy independence and ensuring complete combustion of compounds of phenolic groups - resins, alcohols, essential oils.

The rails installed in the combustion chamber serve as excellent heat storage devices. Blagodarov's heating installations use logs, coal, sawdust, and peat briquettes as fuel.

Pyrolysis plants from small manufacturers

If you are unable to make a pyrolysis unit yourself, and imported models are too expensive, then you can purchase a small-scale production unit. In the latter case, you must follow a number of rules:

Require a license to manufacture this equipment. A license is not a complete guarantee of purchasing reliable and effective products, but the risk of purchasing low-quality equipment is significantly reduced.
Estimate appearance unit, quality welds. If possible, you should look under the decorative trim.

Attention! For the internal walls of the installation, metal with a thickness of at least 4 mm must be used.

If ceramics were used in production, then it is necessary to clarify the price of replacing the nozzle, which can be up to a third of the cost of the pyrolysis unit.
Determine which heating system this equipment is intended for - open or closed.

Advice! The ideal option is to obtain feedback from a consumer who has been using this equipment for several years.

For example, Bastion gas generator boilers, according to reviews from owners, work quite normally in brick housing construction, even in regions with cold winters. Although the burning duration on one tab is winter period equals approximately 5-6 hours.

It is necessary to purchase with some power reserve. This is explained by the fact that consumers are not always able to obtain perfectly dry fuel.

Advice! When purchasing or creating a gas-generator heating installation, you should remember that it is advisable to install units of this design in a separate room. This is a solid fuel device, and when loading it, fuel fragments can scatter throughout the boiler room. Chimney for a 40 kW unit it must have a diameter of at least 200 mm. It must be insulated throughout its entire height.

8 January 2014 Alexei

There are a large number of methods for heating rooms of various purposes. The owner of the building goes through all of them in search of the optimal and most profitable option.

But the possibility of using solid fuel equipment is most often not considered at all. Although modern gas-generating solid fuel pyrolysis boilers have a lot of advantages.

And in some respects they are even superior to gas-powered models.

Operating principle of pyrolysis equipment

The development of new devices for heating systems is carried out on the basis of research by institute specialists. At the same time, great attention is paid to the study and modeling of combustion processes various types fuels to achieve:

Reducing his expenses
Increased heat transfer level
Reducing harmful impurities in exhaust gases

The result of this work was pyrolysis solid fuel gas generator boilers, the operating principle of which is based on the property of wood to decompose into gas and solid components.

This was discovered during the research process. But they also drew attention to the need special conditions for the most effective course of the pyrolysis process.

Firstly, this established conditions, such as a temperature of about 1000º C and oxygen deficiency during the combustion process
Secondly, a certain moisture content of wood used as fuel

Only if all the factors are present will firewood, when burned, be able to produce additional view fuel - gas, this process is called gas generation. This feature made it possible to call these solid fuel devices gas generators or pyrolysis devices, because the process of producing gas from solid organic fuel is called pyrolysis.

Principle of operation:

Based on the operating features of such pyrolysis equipment, it was possible to achieve best performance in terms of the amount of generated thermal energy than conventional models. And although almost all types of solid fuel are subject to this process, the most maximum amount It is wood that can emit gas, which was taken into account by the developers.

Unique gas generator boiler design

The biggest disadvantage of such equipment is its high cost. But she is the result of it design features, and not by some desire of the manufacturer to earn as much as possible. A pyrolysis gas generator boiler must extract gas from wood, and for this it must be created certain conditions, such as:

Temperature in the furnace up to 800º C
Minimum oxygen supply

To achieve such indicators, the developers had to divide the firebox into two chambers:

boot
combustion

The volumetric compartment in the lower part is used for loading firewood and, depending on the power of the device, it can accommodate different volumes of fuel. It heats the wood to required temperature when isolated from excess oxygen. The gas released in this case is fed into the upper chamber, where it is mixed with air and burned.

A design feature is the presence of reverse movement of air in the lower chamber. The movement occurs from above, and this requires a smoke exhauster equipped with an electric drive and automation.

Heating the compartments to significant temperatures requires high-strength materials. Therefore, in these boilers, the combustion chambers are most often made of steel or cast iron. Each of the materials has its own advantages and it is impossible to say that any of them is the best.

Equipment Manufacturers

Selecting complex technical devices associated with certain difficulties. So it's better to trust technical documentation, without forgetting the reputation of the manufacturer. Based on these parameters, the most competitive gas generator pyrolysis boilers on the domestic market are the following brands:

Their choice is not accidental; in addition to the excellent quality of the products, all documentation is compiled taking into account the rated power of the equipment.

Therefore, studying it will allow the consumer to obtain truthful information about the duration of work on one tab and many other features of the functioning of the boiler.

To orient you a little about the capabilities of this equipment, we will conduct short review several models. For example, consider gas-generating pyrolysis devices operating on solid fuel:

Logano (Buderus)

German boilers presented model range with a power of up to 45 kW for steel samples and 36 kW for cast iron. Their efficiency reaches 85%.

In this case, the duration of work on one tab is 2 hours. They are equipped with an automatic system, including a water temperature indicator and a safety limiter.

TO distinctive features include firewood lengths up to 680 mm and the presence of built-in cooling heat exchangers.

French devices are somewhat inferior in power; it is limited to 30 kW. In terms of efficiency, they are also inferior to German models, having it from 50%. But the logs are somewhat longer in length; they can reach 800 mm.

As can be seen from the listed characteristics, each of them has its own advantages, and the choice depends only on your needs.

Main characteristics

Having decided on the manufacturer, you need to choose a model. To do this, you should clarify such features as:

Acceptable fuel types
Energy dependence
Availability of automation systems
Price

Of all the listed parameters, consumers are most often interested in fuel. And if theoretically a gas generator boiler can operate on any of the solid types of organic origin, in practice not all of them have good energy efficiency.

Why choose gas generators? solid fuel boilers, watch the video:

For example, wood does not have the highest heat transfer, but it is chosen more often than others precisely for its minimum expenses. However, this type of fuel is considered ideal for pyrolysis devices due to the possibility of releasing large volumes of flammable gas, which is very important for this type of device.

Such models are especially popular in production where wood is processed. In this case, a pyrolysis gas generator boiler is the best choice, since it will work successfully on production waste.

This will solve two problems at once:

Waste disposal
Room heating

Your right choice

The purchase of heating equipment is based primarily on the availability of one type of fuel.

And for those who do not have the opportunity to connect to the gas mains the best option is a solid fuel gas generator boiler.

And this is facilitated by him positive traits, such as: economical consumption of products and a small amount of harmful emissions, which is the most relevant today.

More and more more people make a choice in favor of living in a private house. But one of the first and most important questions that arises when settling into a new home is the issue of heating with boilers long burning, although it can also occur among long-term residents, since an unexpected or planned cessation of centralized gasification of houses is possible (or vice versa).

Not the least role in motivating people to change their heating devices can be played by an increase in the price of one type of fuel or a significant reduction in the price of another, a sudden breakdown of an old heating boiler or the expiration of its validity period.

These, as well as many other reasons, will lead to the need to select and purchase a long-burning heating boiler. But where to start? What should you consider first?

What are the “indications” and “contraindications” for installation and operation for each type of long-burning heating devices? This will be discussed in this article.

Types of boilers

To choose the right boiler, you must first familiarize yourself with its varieties. So, depending on the type of fuel consumed, they are distinguished between liquid and solid fuel, electric, gas and combined.

Based on this, you can more or less correctly determine the type of boiler. For example, if your house does not have a centralized gas supply, then alternative option is the use of bottled gas. But this is not very convenient, since the cylinders will have to be changed regularly, and the gas may run out even while the boiler is operating. Or, for example, you are not satisfied with solid fuel boilers because they require loading fuel, as well as cleaning from ash and soot.

Combined

Models of this type most often operate on liquid fuel, gas, and less often on alternative fuels. Their power does not exceed 90–95 kW; Efficiency – 80–95%.

The amount of fuel consumed depends on the type of fuel itself, the power of the model and the area of the room that needs to be heated (from 50 to 500 sq. m possible).

The operation of boilers of this type is accompanied by slight noise (up to 39 dB) and the presence of soot, and also requires the installation of ventilation in the room and a smoke exhaust system.

The variety of fuel types on which these boilers can operate makes them universal in themselves. By replacing the burner, you can turn a gas boiler, for example, into an liquid fuel boiler, etc. This is very convenient if your home has interruptions in the supply of any type of fuel or you plan to use them alternately in order to save money, when it is more advisable to choose models with a removable burner (since it is not possible to replace a diesel burner, but it is cheaper).

Gas

For their operation, gasification of the house is required, but their operation is also possible using bottled gas.

Power ranges from 4 kW to 12,000 kW, efficiency - from 91 to 96% (for condensing boilers that additionally use steam, which are good to install if it is not possible to ensure condensate drainage into the sewer). For every kilowatt of heat, about 0.11 cubic meters of gas are consumed.

The operation of gas boilers is accompanied by noise and soot. Requirements for the boiler room: availability of ventilation and smoke exhaust system.

You can save (up to 10%) gas by purchasing a boiler model with electronic ignition.

The service life of the boiler also depends on the material from which it is made. Boilers with a cast iron heat exchanger are considered more durable (up to 50 years), but their disadvantage is sensitivity to shocks and sudden temperature changes. Steel models are susceptible to corrosion and mainly because of this, they are twice as long as the above-mentioned ones in service life.

Liquid fuel

These units are capable of heating a house of several hundred square meters. meters.

The power of these boilers varies greatly, ranging from tens of kilowatts to several hundreds (and thousands). Efficiency – 83–93%.

The operation of liquid fuel boilers is silent, accompanied by the formation of soot, and requires ventilation and a chimney in the room in which they are installed.

The problem with their use is related to fuel storage. This requires large tanks that can be stored both inside the boiler room and outside, buried in the ground.

In addition, a pump is required to supply fuel to the boiler, the operation of which requires additional electricity, which makes such heating even more expensive (considering the cost of the fuel itself). A solution to the problem may be to purchase a model with a removable burner, since this makes it possible to produce heating using gas (but their cost is 1/5 higher than the price of a boiler with a built-in burner).

Solid fuel

These boilers are among the most powerful (using coke - up to 0.9 MW). They produce a large amount of heat using relatively inexpensive fuel.

During operation, such boilers smoke. They operate almost silently. Capable of heating a house with an area of 25 square meters. and even 3.5 thousand sq. m.
Coal (stone or coke), sawdust, and firewood are consumed as fuel.
They require a room to store this fuel (non-functioning outbuildings are quite suitable).

Solid fuel boilers are divided into convection boilers, which use one type of fuel and produce heat only from combustion products, and pyrolysis boilers, which use two types of heat (due to the fuel and the gas generated from its combustion).

Classification of solid fuel boilers

The body of solid fuel boilers can be made of steel or cast iron, but there are also homemade models from other materials.

Depending on the type of fuel loaded, devices using granulated fuel, coal, firewood, and also mixed type. Fuel loading can be done manually or automatically.

Depending on the time and method of combustion, long-term combustion devices are distinguished, using natural and additional draft, pyrolysis.

There are the following types of solid fuel boilers:

pyrolysis, or;
traditional solid fuel boilers. In their design they are similar to a conventional stove. Wood and wood are suitable as fuel. They are very practical and durable because they do not have electronic boards or other control devices (with the exception of the thermostat), which are the first to fail;
pellet boiler. Its structure differs from traditional solid fuel only in the presence automatic feeding fuel and a special bunker. It runs on wood pellets, which are made from;
long-term (top) burning gas generator boilers. They allow you to load large volumes of fuel at a time, which ensures long-term operation of the boiler (up to three days). Combustion and air supply occur at the top of the fuel layer. The operating principle of a long-burning boiler is the release of pyrolysis gas, which is obtained when exposed to fuel high temperatures from 200 to 800 degrees C.

Pros and cons of solid fuel boilers

Now let's look at the advantages and disadvantages that solid fuel boilers have.

Positive points

In terms of price, they are superior to gas and electric.
Long service life.
Safe use.
There is no need for additional electricity or gas.
Fuel is affordable and can be purchased at the right amount.
Some models can work for about three days with a single load.
Ecologically clean method heating.

Negative points

Not enough high level Efficiency
They require effort and time to clean the device, as well as to prepare and load fuel.
The need for multiple loadings, which may cause smoke to enter the room.
Lack of thermoregulation.
Needs long-term warm-up after a long pause in operation.
There is no way to quickly increase or decrease the temperature.

How to choose long-burning gas generator boilers

First you need to decide what kind of fuel you have more at your disposal - wood or coal. If coal is a more acceptable option, you should opt for top-combustion boilers, and if heating is planned using wood, it is more profitable to purchase a bottom-combustion boiler, since its efficiency is higher than the previous one.

Boilers with bottom combustion are the most environmentally friendly and economical. This is due to the presence of two or three combustion chambers in them, which provide additional combustion of fuel particles.
Also, boilers with bottom combustion systems allow you to regulate productivity by dosing the air supply. For this purpose, a regulator or fan with a control system is used.

A cast iron boiler is more durable, since condensation from coal combustion causes corrosion of steel. In addition, steel heat exchangers burn out faster. Cast iron boilers consist of sections, which, in case of possible depressurization, allows you to simply replace the damaged part (whereas steel boilers require complete replacement); this fact also ensures ease of transportation when disassembled (however, it should be remembered that cast iron parts are fragile and sensitive to shock).

If you need a boiler that provides heating and supply to your home hot water, a double-circuit solid fuel boiler is suitable. The principle of its operation is as follows: the first circuit (for heating the room) is turned on when triggered thermal sensor; the second (for supplying hot water) is activated when the pressure drops.

If the house has a working boiler, it can be connected to heating boiler. On the one hand, this will provide great savings on the heat source, on the other hand it will provide stable supply water.

To determine what boiler power you need, proceed from the calculation of 1 kW for every 10 sq. m (with wall heights up to 3 m). It should be remembered that the boiler power itself varies depending on the calorie content of the fuel and its humidity.
Typically, the manufacturer indicates both the main type of fuel and alternative ones. But using one main fuel will extend the life of the heating device.

Self-installation

To install a solid fuel boiler yourself, you need to take into account several rules.

It is better to place such a boiler in a separate room. This could be a room inside the house or in the basement. A former children's bedroom or any other one is suitable for this. small room (required area– 8-10 square meters), unless during construction a special room is allocated for heating devices. As a last resort, you can simply block off large room in half (it is advisable to make the partition brick, rather than using drywall), making one or two exits - indoors, outdoors, or both at once.
The floor of the room where installation is planned must be made of fire-resistant materials. And the boiler itself should be installed directly on concrete screed(about 10 cm thick).
It is necessary to provide premises forced ventilation, electricity and water supply if they are not available.
If the boiler is not installed in a specially designed boiler room, you should purchase and install a chimney in advance.

When starting installation, you need to prepare the tools and equipment that will be needed for this: electrodes, welding, level, keys, screwdrivers, meter, metal saw, screws, as well as materials: plumber’s tape, sheet of metal and sealant.

Unpack and prepare the parts included with the boiler for assembly.
Position a metal sheet on the floor at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the side wall(s) and 1 meter from the front and securely fix it.
Install level the boiler onto a metal sheet, checking the correctness of the level.

After preparatory work The boiler itself is assembled directly:

Wrap use one turn of plumbing tape to secure the combustion regulator with a screw, set the temperature to 30 degrees.
Install thermostat and heater or their plugs.
Collect air and safety valves, pressure gauge in the safety group.
Install faucet and connect it to the pipes.
Connect security group in front of the locking device.
Connect boiler with chimney using sealant.
Push in flap for draft and plug for cleaning.
To plug water and check the system for leaks.
Light up boiler by closing the damper.
All that remains is to check the quality of installation and operation of the boiler and carry out pilot heating.

In order to determine the approximate cost of materials and equipment required for installation, their estimated price is given below.

Heat-resistant sealant 100–200 rub.
Sheet of metal (3 x 1,250 x 250) about 3,000 rubles.
Plumbing tape about 500 rubles.
Long-burning boilers RUB 60,000–120,000.
Steel transition 57–32 30 rub.
Steel bend Du-5016 from 100 rub.
Ball valve Du-15 from 100 to 1,000 rubles.
Ball valve with drive Du-50 about 2,000 rubles.
Chimney for a solid fuel boiler RUB 20,000–50,000.

The choice of heating boilers should be based on the availability of a particular type of fuel in the region or its presence in the house. Heating with solid fuel boilers using firewood is second in cost only to gas-powered devices; electricity and diesel fuel are more expensive, and coal-based units come in last. Not in last resort this is due to the fact that solid fuel boilers do not have high enough efficiency indicators (compared to electric ones, for example). However, two-level combustion systems can save fuel consumption by up to 9%.