Autumn is extremely important time in the work of our plant nursery. In autumn, a gardener has even more worries and work than... This is not only a variety of fruit and ornamental crops, but also pre-winter tillage, for non-frost-resistant garden plants, etc. And also carried out, among others. This autumn sowing work will be discussed in this article.
A number of popular tree crops are quite easy to grow. autumn sowing seeds in the garden. By the way, in the fall, in nature or in city parks and squares, you can collect seeds of various ornamental plants.
I'll tell you what types woody plants We sow before winter.
Sowing barberry seeds
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The pleasant astringent taste of dogwood conquered many, and since then, summer residents began to actively grow it on their plots. Dogwood is very rich ascorbic acid and various useful microelements, thanks to which it has found its use in folk medicine. This marvelous berry has not been spared by cooking - the extraordinary taste and aroma of dogwood simply could not go unnoticed! How can we preserve dogwood so that it pleases us with its valuable properties for as long as possible?
Dried dogwood
Drying is the most optimal way to harvest these wonderful berries. In order to dry dogwood, you first need to select only healthy and finally ripened berries, colored bright red. It is important to try to ensure that among the berries prepared for drying there is no overripe or soft dogwood. In addition, dogwood should not be affected by pests or diseases.The sorted berries are washed thoroughly under cold running water. And to disinfect the berries, you can add soda or table vinegar to the water. After the berries are washed, the stalks are torn off.
You can dry dogwood in three different ways. Firstly, this can be done in the oven. And if you have a special dryer, you can use it. First, the dogwood is dried at a temperature of fifty to sixty degrees, and then the temperature is increased to seventy to seventy-five degrees.
Secondly, dogwoods dry well in the sun. The washed berries, along with the seeds, are laid out on cloth or thick paper in places with minimal humidity. By the way, before doing this, you can blanch the dogwood in boiling water for two to five minutes. The berries are then dried outdoors, trying in every possible way to avoid moisture and exposure to direct rays of the sun. Periodically drying dogwood needs to be stirred so that the berries dry evenly. It is recommended to take them indoors at night. After about three or five days, the dogwood will wilt and can be stored.
And thirdly, dogwood can be dried in the form of pita bread. The seeds are removed from the washed berries by grinding, and then the pulp, crushed into a pulp, is laid out on a wooden board (or tray) in a thin continuous layer. Next, the resulting mass is placed in a well-ventilated place in the open air. When the dogwood dries, quite long stripes will appear on the planks - these are pita breads. And to prevent unusual pita bread from rotting, the chopped dogwood pulp can be lightly salted before drying. Such pita breads are usually used as a seasoning.
To make the dried berries sweet and sticky, pre-prepared dogwood is dipped in hot sugar syrup for six to eight hours, after which the mass is allowed to cool. Then the berries are discarded in a colander, and after a few minutes they are again filled with heated syrup. After five to six hours, the dogwood and syrup are brought to a boil, drained again in a colander and distributed over clean paper for subsequent drying.
Dried dogwood is stored in dry dark places packed in carton boxes or linen bags.
Freezing dogwood
Frozen berries are good because they preserve maximum beneficial features. Moreover, the taste of frozen dogwood is significantly improved. Ripe berries intended for freezing are sorted and washed, after which they are allowed to dry thoroughly. Then the dogwood is poured onto a tray, which goes into the freezer. Frozen berries are transferred to plastic bags and tied tightly.Dogwood jam
A kilogram of dogwood is first washed, and then blanched in boiling water for about a minute. Next, the dogwood is transferred to boiled syrup and boiled for about seven minutes (to prepare the syrup you will need one and a half kilograms of sugar and 300 ml of water). After such a short cooking, the jam is set aside to cool at room temperature, and then boiled again. Then, repeating the procedure from start to finish once again, put the cooked delicacy into jars and immediately roll it up.Cotoneaster is most often grown in decorative purposes, but the beneficial properties of this plant are also appreciated. Our article will tell you about some methods of harvesting cotoneaster.
Scientists consider Northern and Western China to be its homeland. In conditions wildlife the plant can be found both in the Northern Hemisphere and in North Africa In addition, cotoneaster is familiar to residents of Europe and Asia. These deciduous (sometimes evergreen) shrubs or low trees provide us with valuable medicinal raw materials. In folk medicine, shoots (grass) and fruits (small “apples” of red or black color) are used.
Harvesting cotoneaster shoots
Harvested in April-May leafy flowering shoots(sometimes with partially set fruits). They are cut with sharp pruning shears and laid out in one layer on canvas or on sheets of plywood under a canopy (for complete drying you need good ventilation). Dried raw materials are stored in a dry, dark room.
Harvesting cotoneaster fruits
Cotoneaster fruits are harvested in August. Dry them in the open air (under a canopy), spreading them out on canvas (paper) and periodically stirring them for complete drying.
Another drying method is heat treatment - in this case the fruits thin layer spread on metal sieves and place in an open oven (the berries can also be dried in an oven or dryer). Temperature drying ranges from 60-70º C. Completely dried fruits are stored in a tightly sealed container in a dry and dark place.
Green tea liqueur with cotoneaster
Ingredients:
- Green tea High Quality– 300 g
- Cotoneaster fruits – 200 g
- Filtered water – 3 l
- Good vodka - 6-7 l
- Sugar syrup prepared in a 1:1 ratio
200 g of cotoneaster and green tea are poured into a bowl, pour 1 liter of boiling water, cover tightly with a lid and infuse. In cooled down to room temperature and strained tea, pour in vodka, close tightly and leave for a week. On last stage the tincture is poured into alembic, add the remaining amount of tea (100 g), 2 liters of water (pre-boiled) and distill over low heat until 3.5 liters of alcohol remains. Strong infusion diluted with sugar syrup, carefully filter and pour into prepared bottles.
Cotoneaster has not found widespread use in Food Industry– dried fruits are sometimes added to non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks or grind them into flour. At the same time, in useful and decorative properties It’s hard to doubt this plant. We will share the secrets in one of our future articles.
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Material provided by: Volkov Vladimir Grigorievich, Volkova Nina Petrovna
Dogwood
The breath of autumn is becoming more and more noticeable. There were frosts in the first ten days of October; persimmons, grapes, figs, peaches look as if scalded with boiling water. The leaves have wrinkled and dried out, but do not fall - there is not enough moisture, not a single decent rain has fallen since the end of July. A week after the frost, the temperature dropped from twenty-seven to twelve degrees, heavy rain fell, and leaf fall began among southern crops. Now, in the third ten days of October, real autumn bad weather has arrived: everything is covered in a dense gray haze, icy drops hang, either light rain or large fog is falling, the temperature is within ten degrees; the weather is like in that saying about a good owner and his dog.
However, not everything is so sad. There are cultures who enjoy this weather. Apple, pear, plum, gooseberry and strawberry seedlings perked up and began to grow actively. The dogwood responded to the bad weather in the same way. Saplings and seedlings have a lot of young light green leaves on their tops, and the fruits of late varieties continue to swell. However, the leaves of mature dogwood trees gradually turn dark burgundy, peaches turn gold and orange, pears turn red, and apricots show off lemon yellow. The variety of colors gives the nursery an unusually bright color.
Dogwood seedlings began to grow
Dogwood fruits are now extremely tasty. They have gained maximum color and size, full original taste and aroma, and there is nothing to say about their benefits. They treat tuberculosis, scurvy, liver diseases, diabetes, joints, hemorrhoids, colds, vitamin deficiencies, and keep the body in good shape. Fruit grafted garden dogwood begins in the second year after planting and brings three hundred years annually bountiful harvest without requiring special care. There is practically no need for pruning, chemical protection, minimum fertilizing; only weeding and sufficient irrigation are necessary.
In his best
Fruiting of a two-year-old dogwood in a nursery
Although the culture is unpretentious, if you want to succeed, you still need to take into account its features:
1. When planting in a hole, you should under no circumstances apply fertilizers, either mineral or organic. Just soil, you can fill it with fertile soil, but nothing more.
2. In nature, dogwood is a plant of the second tier, i.e. It grows in partial shade, so it is better to plant it in a row between trees.
3. Root system in seedlings it is fibrous, it must be carefully straightened, covered with soil, carefully and carefully compacted and watered abundantly; after a week, trample down and water again, otherwise they may rise on elastic roots, lose contact with the soil and die. At autumn planting It’s better to hill up for the winter by pouring a high mound of earth.
One- and two-year-old dogwood seedling
4. Being a symbiotic crop, dogwood for normal life requires the presence of its specific microflora in the root layer, so you should not place it in water before planting, washing away the soil from the roots: the seedling will take longer and worse to take root.
5. The root system of the plant is superficial, located at a depth of 5-25 cm, so in summer young plants suffer from overheating. In addition to shading, the soil should be mulched, preferably with light material: straw, sawdust, leaves, etc. Mature trees with an extensive crown already shade the roots themselves, but they also need to be mulched.
6. In order not to damage the roots, treatment in the crown projection should be minimal, no deeper than 5cm; we do this with a toe or flat cutter.
7. The soil should be kept moist, which mulch helps greatly with. We have installed drip irrigation and, in the absence of rain, the plantation is watered abundantly at least once a week.
8. Dogwood is cross-pollinated, so if there are no other representatives of the crop within sight, it is necessary to plant at least two plants of different varieties.
9. Due to its biology, dogwood prefers carbonate soils with a pH of more than 7.0. When landing on acidic soils it is advisable to lime them by adding them to the soil required amount fluffies.
10. Young plant may suffer from a fungal infection or mite, so if general processing It should also be sprayed in the garden. With age, immunity is restored and the need for chemical treatments disappears.
Dogwood is necessary in every area, appropriate in every garden; due to its high decorativeness, it can decorate any landscape, combining aesthetics with purely utilitarian properties. Plant dogwood for your joy, for your children’s benefit, and for your grandchildren’s benefit. Your great-grandchildren will also enjoy the fruits of your labors - what if they even remember you with a kind word?
To get to know this unique breed better, let's move on from general information to description the best varieties introduced into culture today.
Coral
Coral – early variety barrel-shaped, with fruits weighing 3.5-4 g, original coral color, translucent when fully ripe, with a translucent seed. The skin is thin, shiny, the flesh is reddish-yellowish-brownish, sweet, the taste has hints of pear and cherry. The bone is small, oval-elongated, rounded. Ripens in the first ten days of August, is very productive, bears fruit abundantly and regularly. Suitable for both fresh consumption and processing.
The tree is medium-sized, the crown is regular oval shape, the leaf is dark green with a slight orange tint. The variety is frost- and drought-resistant and is an excellent pollinator for all dogwood varieties.
Nastya
Nastya - early date ripening, the fruits are round-oval, rather teardrop-shaped, weighing 5-6 g. The skin is dark red, shiny, the flesh is red, juicy, medium density, sweet and sour or sweet. The bone is small, fusiform, not sharp, most suitable for the treatment of hemorrhoids. The fruits ripen in late July - early August and are perhaps the largest and most delicious at that time, and, since this is the height of the holiday season, they are in great demand. It is used both fresh and for processing.
The tree is medium-sized, with a compact oval-pyramidal crown, winter-hardy, drought-resistant, and practically free of pests and diseases. It responds to irrigation with a noticeable increase in the quantity and quality of the crop.
Elegant
Elegant is an early variety of spur type. The fruits are large, weighing 6-7g, bottle-shaped, with a thin, slightly curved, elegant neck. The skin is tender, black and red, the flesh is crispy, tender, harmonious in taste, the thin light layer adjacent to the seed gives it a specific taste and aroma. The bone is thin, small, and easily separated from the pulp. The fruits ripen immediately in early August, do not fall off, and remain on the branches until they wither.
The tree is medium-sized, the cup-shaped crown is slightly sparse, fruiting is abundant and regular. Resistance to unfavorable factors growth rate is high. Serves as an excellent pollinator for other varieties.
Artemy
Artemy - ripens in the second half of August. The fruits are pear-shaped and cylindrical, slightly ribbed, weighing 7-9g, the skin is dark red and shiny. The pulp is dark red, dense, gristly, aromatic, pleasant sweet and sour taste, the stone is small. The fruits are used both fresh and for processing.
The tree has above average growth vigor, the crown is oval-pyramidal, fruiting is abundant and annual. It is winter- and drought-resistant, at the same time very responsive to watering, especially during the fruit-filling period.
Semyon
Semyon – late variety pear-shaped, with large fruits weighing 7-8 g, was selected from seedlings of large-fruited Crimean forms. The skin is dark red and shiny. The pulp is red, dense, slightly gristly, separated from the stone, sweet and sour with a typical dogwood aroma. The bone is small, fusiform, ribbed. The fruits are very tasty fresh and make wonderful processed products. The harvest ripens at the end of August, but is characterized by increased hanging ability - an amazing ability to stay on the tree until frost, and does not immediately fall off even in the first snowfalls.
The tree is compact, beautiful, with a dense rounded crown. The variety is very winter-hardy and drought-resistant, but with stable irrigation the fruits become much larger, and the quantity and quality of the harvest increases significantly.
Gentle
Tender - medium ripening, the fruits are bright yellow, drop-shaped, becoming translucent when ripe. The largest of the yellow-fruited varieties, fruits weighing 5-6g. The skin is very tender, shiny, the flesh is yellow, with a delicate taste and pleasant aroma. Ripenes at the height of the holiday season and, thanks to its unusual color, is in great demand. Used fresh and for preparing delicious processed products.
The tree is compact, medium-sized, with dark green leaves and a rounded-elongated crown. Frost-resistant, drought-resistant, practically not affected by pests and diseases, very responsive to watering.
Solar
Sunny - medium ripening period, the fruits are bright yellow, when ripe they become translucent, with a translucent stone, barrel-shaped, weighing 3.5-4 g. The skin is thin, tender, shiny, the flesh is tender, aromatic, sour-sweet, which makes it one of the most attractive dessert varieties, both fresh and processed. The consumer's amazement knows no bounds when he is convinced that this amber jam or compote is made from dogwood. The fruits ripen in the third ten days of August, ripen well in storage and are in great demand.
A tree with an oval-pyramidal crown, compact, graceful in shape, large, dark green leaves, is a stunning sight: surrounded by trees with red fruits, a miracle appears before your eyes, hung with a necklace of gold beads, solar lanterns burning against a background of dark green leaves . It is highly fruitful and produces extremely high yields every year. Resistant to drought and frost, free from pests and diseases.
Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, did not particularly worry about mulching. But today this agricultural technique has become fundamental in achieving high quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's a hassle. But practice shows that labor costs in in this case pay off handsomely. In this article we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Succulents are very diverse. Despite the fact that “little ones” have always been considered more fashionable, the range of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it’s worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of prickliness, impact on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article we will tell you about the five most fashionable succulents that amazingly transform modern interiors.
The Egyptians used mint as early as 1.5 thousand years BC. She's different strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils that are highly volatile. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article we will look at the most interesting varieties mint, and also tell you about the features of growing this plant in open ground.
People began growing crocuses 500 years before our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the harbingers of spring to next year. Crocuses are one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, flowering times may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article is dedicated to the earliest varieties of crocuses, which bloom in late March and early April.
Cabbage soup made from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, aromatic and easy to prepare. In this recipe you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. Early cabbage It cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as other vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup turns out tastier than freshly prepared cabbage soup.
Blueberry – a rare and promising berry crop in the gardens. Blueberries are a source of biologically active substances and vitamins and have antiscorbutic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and tonic properties. The berries contain vitamins C, E, A, flavonoids, anthocyanins, trace elements - zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, as well as plant hormones - phytoestrogens. Blueberries taste like a mixture of grapes and blueberries.
Looking at the variety of tomato varieties, it’s hard not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners He's annoying sometimes! However, understanding the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself” is not so difficult. The main thing is to delve into the peculiarities of the culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest groups of tomatoes to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been valued by those gardeners who do not have much energy and time to care for their beds.
Once very popular under the name of indoor nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleus today is one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. It is not for nothing that they are considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are primarily looking for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant monitoring. But if you take care of them, bushes made of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provençal herbs provides tasty pieces of fish pulp for a light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. The champignons are lightly fried in olive oil and then sprinkle with apple cider vinegar. These mushrooms are tastier than regular pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Wild garlic and fresh dill get along well in one salad, highlighting each other’s aroma. The garlicky pungency of wild garlic will permeate both the salmon flesh and mushroom pieces.
Conifer tree or shrubs on the site is always great, but a lot of conifers is even better. Emerald needles of various shades decorate the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils, released by plants, not only aromatize, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require proper care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the canopy flowering trees have long become an integral attribute of welcoming spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when the magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese take place under the sign of their flowering. But sakura grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
I am very interested in analyzing how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and was an object of trade, lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century B.C. e. About 6 varieties of quince were known, and even then methods of its propagation and cultivation were described.
Delight your family and prepare themed cottage cheese cookies in the shape of Easter eggs! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - sifting the flour, combining everything necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration as the pieces of dough turn into real ones. Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read our step by step recipe!
Among tuberous crops, there are not so many decorative deciduous favorites. And caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of interiors. Not everyone can decide to own a caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all, it requires care. But still, rumors about the extraordinary capriciousness of caladiums are never justified. Attention and care can avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And the plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply easy-to-prepare dish for you today. This sauce is one hundred percent universal, as it goes with every side dish: vegetables, pasta, or anything. Chicken and mushroom gravy will save you in moments when you don’t have time or don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Take your favorite side dish (you can do this in advance so everything is hot), add some gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.