Night beauty Mirabilis. Growing from seed

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Everyone knows Zorka, or Chalcedonic Lychnis, fiery red and orange flowers which is decorated with rustic front gardens and country flower beds. Another species, crowned lychnis, is still much less common, although it has a lot of advantages.

Description of Lychnis crowned

Lychnis belongs to the Carnation family. The botanical name "lychnis" translates as "lamp". This bright flower is popularly called "Adonis" or "Dawn". ( Lychnis coronaria) outwardly has nothing to do with the popular Zorka. It has silver-gray leaves, curved shoots and graceful crimson flowers. Varieties with white or pink flowers have been bred. Southern Europe is considered to be the birthplace of Lychnis crowned. It belongs to perennial plants. In conditions middle lane often behaves like a biennial.

The herbaceous bush of crowned lychnis is low, 40 - 90 cm. It blooms in June, blooms profusely in summer, and individual flowers bloom in autumn. The grassy bush looks openwork, over the summer it manages to build up a lot of branched shoots. It has gray-haired leaves with a silvery coating. In the basal rosette - oblong-lanceolate. On the run - oval shape. Autumn does not spoil the attractiveness of Lychnis crowned. Against an ashy background of foliage, individual flowers continue to light up.

Grace, style and restraint are combined in crowned lychnis. It looks good as a single plant and surrounded by a wide variety of flowers.

Growing lychnis crown

A place. Lychnis crowned feels best in a sunny place. There it blooms until autumn. Penumbra spoils this spectacular plant: it appears more leaves and fewer flowers. The plant can be planted in open areas, as even strong wind and rain cannot spoil the shape of the bush.

Soil and fertilizers. Lychnis blooms better on poorer ground. From the abundance of organic matter, it fats and blooms worse. The duration of flowering is noticeably reduced. It is better to add not humus, but sand to the garden soil. It is advisable to select fertilizers that contain a limited amount of nitrogen.

Watering. Watering is moderate, as from excessive dampness problems may arise: root rot, fungal diseases, etc.

Preparing for winter. For the winter, the entire ground of this winter-hardy plant is cut off. As a safety net, you can add fresh soil to the place where the bush grows. There is no need to specially cover the plant for the winter.

Reproduction. Lychnis coronata is usually propagated by seeds. Use and abundant self-sowing, which emerges in the spring. The strongest seedlings are selected.

If there is a desire to see flowering bushes already in July of this year, in March you need to start growing seedlings. Seedlings appear after 2-3 weeks (with room temperature air). In late May - early June, seedlings are planted in open ground. Seedlings can withstand spring frosts, but it is better to insulate them with lutrasil for this time.

Seeds can be sown outdoors in July. Then flowering will begin only on next year. At first, seedlings grow slowly and bloom in the second year.

Sometimes crowned lychnis, especially some of its varieties, are cuttings. This plant tolerates a transplant painlessly even in a flowering state. The main thing is not to violate the integrity of the coma of the earth with the roots of the plant.

Varieties

"Angels Blush" (Angel's Blush). Seeds of this variety are often commercially available. This biennial (60 cm tall) has one curious feature: its flowers open white, then their centers begin to turn pink. An unusual bush grows with silvery leaves and flowers with a pink center and white edges. Unfortunately, low-quality seeds are often found. Then you get lychnis bushes with faded nondescript flowers.

"Mysterious Island"(mixture). It is worth paying attention to this domestic variety of crowned Lychnis. It is listed as a perennial that can grow in one place without division for 4 to 5 years. Stem and leaves are pubescent. Flowers (4-5 cm in diameter) are white, pink or dark crimson in color. Seeds are recommended to be sown in open ground from April to the end of July.

"Garten Wonder". This is a terry variety of European selection.

I don't like it when a plant is called fashionable. Is the concept of fashion compatible with living plants? Rather, one can note the peaks in the popularity of certain colors. Lychnis coronata is still rare, not all amateur flower growers know this original look. Perhaps the time will come when the crowned lychnis will turn into a popular plant, its spectacular bushes will grow in the most prominent places. For some, the incentive will be the desire to replenish the range of flowers on your site with another charming plant. For others, the news fashionable flower which looks so extravagant!

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Lychnis, also known as dawn - (lat_Lýchnis) is a genus of plants of the clove family, is a perennial flower with tall and straight stems and spherical inflorescences. They are a combination of small flowers of different shades: lilac, white, crimson, red and orange.

In the people, this flower is known as "soap". It is also called "Tatar soap", thanks to interesting feature flower. The fact is that the flowers and roots of the plant are soapy, so in ancient times it was used for washing. Despite all modesty appearance plants, it is impossible to overestimate the benefits that Lychnis brings.
Growing from seeds is practiced by many flower growers, so first of all we will consider this particular item.

How to grow from seed?


Lychnis can be cultivated in several ways:

  • By growing from seed
  • By dividing the bush
  • Reproduction by cuttings
  • Self-sowing (only a few flower crops)

It is customary to sow seeds in the spring, between April and June. It is necessary to plant in open ground, and, first of all, the soil must be supplied with sand, ideally river sand. The proportions are recommended to be observed as follows: 1 bucket of sand per 1m 2 of soil. If the soil is clay, be sure to add compost or humus to it.

Seedlings should be taken care of in March and the seeds should be sown in boxes. The containers should be stored for about 3 weeks in a cool room, after which the seedlings can be transferred to a room with a temperature of 18 to 20 degrees. When the seedlings get stronger and grow up, it must be planted in the ground, but the plant will bloom only next year.

How to care for a plant?


Lychnis (dawn) - pretty unpretentious plant and can grow in almost any environment. However, it is essential to choose favorable place for planting, guided by the following flower preferences:

  • He loves fertile soils from good drainage. Especially carefully should monitor the moisture content of the soil and do not let it dry out. However, overdoing it with watering is also not worth it, it can harm the flower.
  • As for the landing site, choose the sunniest and warmest areas of the earth. This is the main condition for all varieties of plants, except crowned lychnis, which grows in the shade as well as in the sun.
  • About once a month, the plant should be “fed” with fertilizers. It is especially important to help the perennial during the development period.
  • With the onset of autumn, the flower needs to be cut off at the root, however, due to its resistance to cold weather, it is not necessary to cover the flower for the winter.
  • The plant should not be in one place for more than 5 years. It needs to be repotted regularly, otherwise the flowers will become smaller every year, and the inflorescences will no longer be so splendid. For transplantation at the end of summer, it is necessary to dig and divide the rhizomes, and then plant them in a new area.

Lychnis varieties


There are many types and varieties of plants, we will pay a little attention to some of them.


Reaches a height of 1.5 m, the plant is distinguished by pointed leaves. They bloom only in summer, from late June to August.


The height of the plant is not more than 50cm. Flowers are red and orange. The most common variety - "Hot Lava", differs in flowers of a bright scarlet hue.

crowned lychnis


The bush has no more than 1.5 m in height and has a grayish tint. It blooms only in summer, and the flowers have white and pink hues.

Someone calls this flower lychnis or dawn, but there are also names gentian, soap dish, Tatar soap. Lychnis flower is an undemanding plant - planting and caring for it in the open field is not difficult. This flower has several varieties that differ in appearance, have different period flowering and coloring. For him there is a place in any corner of the garden, except for the most shaded and damp areas.

general description

Lychnis is perennial flower belongs to the clove family.

Its height ranges from 20 cm to 1 m, depending on the species. The flowers are small, located at the end of the stem. They are single, and are collected in lush inflorescences from 20 to 50 pieces. The stems are erect, rough, painted in light gray, green, ashen and brown colors. The leaves are ovate or elongated, with a pointed end. The lower part of the leaves covers the stem. Flowers are more often red, orange and crimson. Some species have yellow, white, purple and pink shades of petals.

Description of species

Lychnis is so diverse that sometimes it seems that they are completely different plants.

The height of the flower ranges from 30 cm to 1 meter, depending on the growing conditions. Blooms from June for 40 - 50 days. Coloring of flowers happens red, carrot, purple. The flowers are collected in a magnificent cap.
Lychnis Maltese Cross is ubiquitous - this variety got its name because of the corresponding shape of the petals. It differs from others in a bright saturated shade and density of the inflorescence.

This species is a garden hybrid, it was bred by agronomists-breeders, and does not occur in nature.
Height 40 - 45 cm. Beautiful in a flower bed even after flowering due to unusual color leaves, they have a rich bronze hue. The peculiarity is that in the heat it can completely shed its leaves, which is not a disease.
The inflorescence consists of very large flowers, each up to 5 cm in size. The color is orange-red.

The smallest species, a herbaceous plant, tolerates prolonged drought well. Flowers appear at the very base of the stem, closer to the roots.
Blooms in early or mid-summer. The color of the petals is lilac, raspberry or dark red.
Because of their endurance and small size recommended for growing Alpine rollercoaster, between stones.

Read also: Luxurious flowers in the garden - dahlias

The second name of this flower is tar. It was given to him because the stems are covered sticky coating to attract insects. The stem is purple, up to 1 meter in height. This is an early flowering species, flowering begins in early or mid-spring. The flowers are loose, sometimes lychnis is white, pink or crimson.
Often grown as a biennial. It does not tolerate very dry soil and dry summers.

It is the only species that prefers moist soil. It can be planted on swampy soil, near the pond closer to the water. The stems are most often tall, the petals of the flowers are thin, elongated. Flowers are large. withdrawn undersized varieties and varieties with double flowers. At terry varieties this species does not produce seeds. Reproduction occurs only by dividing the bush and cuttings.

Lychnis crowned

This species grows well in poor, infertile soils. It begins to bloom in early or mid-summer with white, pink or bright crimson flowers. They are located on tall stems, the length of which reaches 90 cm. The color of the stems is dark gray.

Site selection, boarding and transfer

Growing lychnis in one place is possible for 5 to 7 years, after which a transplant is required. If by the age of four the bush loses its appearance and flowering becomes scarce or stops altogether, then it must be transplanted earlier. The place where the perennial will grow is better to choose sunny, or one where partial shade is only for a short time. In the shade, a flower will grow, but you will not see flowers. The brighter the sun shines on it, the more abundant and colorful the flowering is.

Lychnis does not tolerate acidic soil. Before planting plants, it should be limed. For this, lime or dolomite flour is added.

The earth should be loose, light, with sand content. If the soil in your area is clayey, then before planting, add a bucket of sand and a little compost and humus to the flower bed. Mix thoroughly, digging everything onto the bayonet of a shovel. You will get a drained and nutritious soil on which the lychnis will grow beautifully for 5 years.

Water stagnation is unacceptable. Only one type of lychnis loves moist soils. This is "Kukushkin's color", or cuckoo's gentian. In nature, it grows on swampy edges, on the banks of streams and lakes. If you have a small pond, then gentian will be its wonderful decoration. This species has several varieties that differ in height and color of flowers.

This flower is transplanted once every 5 to 7 years. The division of the rhizome and planting are carried out in the fall, in sunny weather. The excavated plant is divided into several parts. Each division should have several young shoots. Seated at a distance of 25 - 30 cm from each other.

Read also: Causes of dahlia diseases, diseases, pests, treatment and prevention

Care

Lychnis is not demanding in care, but, despite this, it is still necessary to take care of him a little. The most important thing to do regularly is weeding. tender root system does not tolerate neighborhood with weeds. weed grass will not allow lychnis to fully develop and eventually suppress its growth.
Watering is required only during the dry season of summer. It is carried out once a week. The soil must be completely dry between waterings. Water abundantly, but at the same time avoid stagnant water at the roots. At proper fit in a drained area, this usually does not happen.
Faded flowers should be removed regularly. You can not do this, but by removing the petals, you can extend the flowering by almost half a month.
This perennial is frost-resistant, winters well at sub-zero temperatures without shelter. In late autumn it is necessary to cut off all above-ground part, leaving hemp no more than 3 cm. All plants love top dressing, including lychnis. It is carried out several times a season.

Plant nutrition

Despite the fact that many types of lychnis grow well and bloom in poor soils, regular fertilization will make the bush more developed and flowering will be plentiful. organic fertilizers contribute in the fall or spring when planting or transplanting.

Minerals are fed three times:

  1. The first time, before budding and flowering, potassium sulfate, urea and superphosphate are added. These fertilizers are taken in 1 tablespoon and diluted in one bucket of water. 10 liters of nutrient mixture is enough to feed the plants on a plot of three square meters. If the earth is acidic, or lychnis has been growing in one place for more than two years, then potassium magnesia, 2.5 tablespoons, is taken instead of potassium sulfate.
  2. The second time fertilize during flowering. Fertilizer is also prepared, only urea is excluded. Can be used mineral fertilizer for garden flowers "Agricola 7".
  3. After the flowering period, fertilize identically to the second dressing.

reproduction

Lychnis reproduces well both by seeds and by cuttings or by dividing the bush.

seeds

It should be noted that terry lychnis, its cultivation from seeds, does not always justify our desires, only one grain out of ten will be similar to the mother plant.
Seeds are harvested when the pods dry out and crack. Uncollected - crumble, and self-seeding occurs. Most come up next year.
Sowing seeds is carried out immediately in open ground in autumn or spring. Better do it in the fall then planting material will undergo natural stratification, which is important for the reproduction of Lychnis.

Read also: Goryanka large-flowered for open ground

Stratification at home is carried out as follows: the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in the refrigerator for 2 to 3 weeks. The fabric must not dry out. Sow in the ground in late April or early May. Germination is long, not less than 20 days. To speed it up, the sowing sites can be covered with a film or agrofibre. They should be removed as soon as shoots appear.

On the permanent place planted 3 weeks after germination. In Lychnis, when planted in the ground in spring, flowering is possible only the next year.
For the plant to bloom current year, you can grow seedlings. Stratification is also necessary, after which the seeds are sown in boxes and kept at a temperature of 18 ° under the film. After germination, the film is removed. Planted in the ground at the end of May.

Rooting cuttings

For grafting, stem cuttings are suitable, no more than 30 cm long. They are cut off at the beginning of summer and planted on a separate bed. For speedy rooting, cover with a thin covering material. If the cutting starts to grow, and new leaves appear, this indicates that it has roots. In autumn, such a seedling can be transplanted to a permanent place.

The division of the bush

Reproduction by part of the rhizome is carried out when the bush is old and requires a transplant. Do it in the fall. The plant is carefully dug up, cleaned from the ground. Divide sharp knife so that on each division there are several young shoots. If part of the roots has already dried up and died, then you can divide such a rhizome with your hands.

Pests and diseases

Lychnis in good conditions not susceptible to diseases and pest attacks.

Constantly moist soil can cause root rot, spotting, rust and powdery mildew. Treat these diseases with fungicides containing copper.

Pests may appear: aphids, spider mites or leafworms. The fight against them is spraying with insecticides.

Lychnis as a garden decoration

Lychnis should not be planted as a separate plant, as it blooms for no more than a month and a half during the summer. In a flower bed, it will look good with colors of white, blue and yellow color. Nivyanik, gypsophila, asters, chrysanthemums, bluebells - a wonderful neighborhood.
Lichnis flowers are not suitable for cutting, because they quickly lose their freshness and become unattractive.

The perennial plant Lychnis is familiar to most flower growers under the name "Tatar soap" or "soap". This is due to the fact that the roots of Lychnis "Alba" and "White Dawn" have special properties, and they can be used for washing hands, removing stains during washing and removing grease. Gardeners love Lychnis for its beautiful long-blooming spherical inflorescences of white, lilac, raspberry, orange or scarlet. Those who like these modest, unpretentious flowers successfully grow them in their summer cottage.

Perennial lychnis: photo, description, types

The bright flower of Lychnis is immediately noticeable in any flower bed. The plant is distinguished by numerous erect stems, at the top of which are spherical inflorescences. The stems of the flower are strewn with oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate leaves. Quite large bright flowers decorate the garden for a month. Of these, ripen by the end of summer dark brown kidney-shaped seeds.

Popular types of lychnis

The plant has about thirty species, among which there is a wide distribution in landscape design received only a few of them.

Lychnis chalcedony or "Dawn". perennial herbaceous plant 80-100 cm high, its second name "Dawn" received for fiery red inflorescences. Each flower consists of notched or two-lobed petals and reaches a diameter of 3 cm. The flowers themselves are collected in corymbose-capitate inflorescences with a length in diameter of up to 10 cm. Lychnis chalcedony blooms in July and August. His garden molds are plain white and pink flowers, and double pink flowers, with a red eye in the middle.

Lychnis crowned. Perennial is a plant with dark, ash-gray densely branched stems. In late spring, single racemose inflorescences of white, pink or bright crimson color form on the stems. The flowering of Lychnis coronata continues until autumn.

Lychnis "Jupiter". Loose bushes up to 80 cm high are distinguished by densely leafy branched stems and lanceolate-oval leaves. It blooms in the middle of summer with light purple flowers with a diameter of 3 cm. It is advisable to rejuvenate a plant of this species every 3-4 years.

Lychnis "Haage". grassy perennial up to 40-45 cm high is a garden hybrid. The species is distinguished by oblong-ovate leaves and racemose inflorescences, consisting of 3-7 orange-red flowers. Their petals have deeply incised limbs and a narrow long tooth. Flowering begins at the end of June and lasts for a month and a half.

Lychnis sparkling. A plant with straight stems 40-60 cm high has light green oval-lanceolate or oblong-ovate leaves. The corymbose-capitate inflorescences consist of fiery red flowers with four-parted petals. Buds are formed in July and bloom until the end of August.

Lychnis "Viskarya". Perennial with purple stems in height reaches one meter. Its paniculate inflorescences can be pink, bright crimson or crystal white. Blooms in late spring and delights with its unusual flowers throughout June and July.

Lychnis alpine. A herbaceous shrub 10-20 cm high is distinguished by flowering stems, basal rosettes and opposite linear leaves. Paniculate inflorescences consist of crimson or pink-red flowers that bloom in June. The view is used to decorate rockeries and alpine slides.

Landing lychnis in open ground

Successful cultivation and beautiful, long flowering plants directly depend on proper planting and the implementation of all care recommendations.

When choosing a location, it is important consider the following factors:

  1. For almost all varieties of flower, it is necessary to choose well-lit areas. In the shade, only Lychnis coronata can grow and bloom.
  2. The plant requires fertile, moist, well-drained soils.

The soil for planting is prepared in about a month. The soil is dug up, loosened and fertilized. For each square meter must be entered:

  • humus or compost - 10 kg;
  • superphosphate - 50 g;
  • potassium magnesia - 40 g.

In spring or autumn, the bushes are planted in holes prepared according to the size of the rhizomes at a distance of 25 cm from each other and watered well.

Features of caring for lychnis

The plant, which is undemanding in care, does not like abundant moisture, therefore it is watered only as the soil dries. Otherwise, the roots will begin to rot, and the flower will die.

During the season, the soil in the flower bed where the lichens grow must be removed weeds, loosen and mulch the soil. To prolong flowering, faded and withered buds are regularly removed, and dried shoots are cut off.

Fertilizer

When caring for lychnis, fertilizers are applied to the soil 2-3 times during the entire season. The first top dressing before flowering in the period active growth is produced by a solution that is prepared from the following mineral substances:

  • superphosphate;
  • carbamite;
  • potassium sulfate.

Each ingredient must be taken one tablespoon and diluted in a bucket of water. Each square meter of soil is fertilized with three liters of the prepared solution.

The second time during flowering, the shrubs are fertilized with a different solution. To prepare it, one tablespoon is diluted in 10 liters of water:

  • drug "Agricola";
  • potassium sulfate;
  • superphosphate.

5 liters of fertilizer are consumed per square meter. With the same solution, lychnis are fed after flowering in the fall.

Perennials are easy to propagate cuttings, dividing the bush and seeds:

All the beauty of lychnis unfolds in group plantings. They can be planted alone or combined with chrysanthemums, asters or perennial carnations. With proper planting and care, perennials will look spectacular and decorate with their long flowering every corner of the garden.

Lychnis flowers




Lychnis (Dorka vulgaris) is a perennial plant of the Carnation family. It grows in temperate and subtropical zones.

Due to the fact that it forms dense thickets and does not need complex care, it is a welcome guest for any flower bed or garden.

In the genus there are a huge number of species of perennial and annual plants, but let's look at the most common representatives.

Alpine

Lychnis alpine- grows in the tundra, alpine, forest-tundra zone on the territory North America, Scandinavia and Greenland. This undersized herbaceous plant grows in rocky crevices, on the coast, as well as along pebbly or sandy lake and river banks.

Flowering time - mid-summer. Lychnis alpine is ideal for planting in dry areas of stone walls. The stems do not exceed 20 centimeters in height and spread along the ground. Leaves grow from a rosette. Small flowers, painted in pink or crimson colors, are collected in paniculate inflorescences. Plants are suitable for planting on alpine slides.


The more common variety is "Lara" with a large number of light pink flowers. The area where the Alpine Lychnis grows should be well lit by the sun. In partial shade, the plant also blooms well, but with fewer flowers.

Did you know? The rarest type of lychnis is Gibraltar. IN wild nature it grows only on the slopes of the Strait of Gibraltar.

Arkwright

This type of lychnis garden design rarely used.

Arkwright- herbaceous perennial plant with small erect stems, 40 centimeters high. Narrow leaves and stems are burgundy in color. Flowers, 3 cm in diameter, bright orange. For planting in groups in flower beds or mixborders, a variety is used to create a spectacular bright spot.

The distinction of this variety- wide leaves of a heart-shaped form of rich green color and dense inflorescences. The flowering period lasts from mid-June to the end of summer. Lichnis begins to bloom in the second year after sowing, almost immediately pleasing the eye with such flowers as in most photos.

The seeds are sown in early spring, and if the air temperature is above +20 ° C, seedlings will appear in 20 days. In early June, already hardened seedlings are planted in open ground, and they are moved to a permanent habitat in August, at a distance of 30 centimeters from each other. "Vesuvius" is an unpretentious, frost-resistant plant.

Gives preference sunny places with light well-drained soil. The plant responds well to feeding mineral compositions. In one place it can grow up to 6 years. Lychnis propagates by dividing the bush and seeds. In autumn, all bushes are cut at ground level.

Viscaria

Lychnis viscaria- perennial herbaceous plant growing in Russia. It has sticky stems, for which it is popularly called tar. Height - 90 centimeters. The stems are dark red, covered with a sticky liquid that attracts insects.

The flowers of this species are very small and can have white, raspberry and pink hues. All of them are collected in paniculate inflorescences, the flowering period begins in May and lasts up to 1.5 months.

The most popular variety is "Rosetta". It has double rich crimson flowers, which always looks great in garden compositions. This type of lychnis does not set seeds and, when cultivated, lives no more than two years.

Important!So that the flower does not die, it is important to monitor the amount of water when watering, since stagnant moisture leads to rotting of the roots and, consequently, death of the plant.

crowned

Lychnis crowned- unpretentious perennial plant with dark gray stems covered with villi. It grows well on poor and infertile soils. The birthplace of this species of Lychnis is southern Europe.

The plant reaches a height of 100 centimeters, has a powerful branched stem. The leaves are oval in shape.

Flowers- solitary, bloom at the tops of the stems and have shades of white, pink and crimson. The plant propagates by self-sowing.

The most popular varieties:


Lychnis crowned - frost-resistant, blooms in early summer. Flowers persist until the first frost, and this feature is very much appreciated by gardeners. It looks good both in group plantings and single against the background of other colors.

sparkling

Lychnis sparkling grows in Eastern Siberia, China, Japan and Far East. main feature of this species - fruiting.

plant height- 50 centimeters. Stems are straight. The leaves are oval-lanceolate, light green in color.

Flowers with a diameter of 5 centimeters with petals divided into 4 parts are distinguished by a fiery red color and are collected in corymbose-capitate inflorescences. Lychnis sparkling blooms for 33 days, starting in July.

Did you know?The name of the plant comes from Greek word lychnos is a lamp, because its bright flowers in flower beds glow like lamps.

Haage

A hybrid that is distinguished by large flowers collected in inflorescences in the form of umbrellas.

The diameter of each corolla reaches 5 cm. The flowers fully open towards the end of June. This herbaceous perennial forms dense thickets, growing up to 45 centimeters. The stem and leaves are bronze in color.

Such plants are completely undemanding for care, they tolerate the drought period well, but when it drags on, they get rid of the leaves, thus saving their lives.

Lychnis chalcedony- most popular view on the territory of our country, although its homeland is Central Asia and part of Russia.

Common name of the species "Dawn", which he received thanks to the fiery red flowers. In height, the plant reaches 90 centimeters. Stems are erect, slightly pubescent, with lanceolate leaves along their entire length. The flowers are quite small (diameter no more than 1 cm), and their corymbose inflorescences are collected at the top of the stem, visually similar to lush hats.

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