Rules for using adverbs in English. What it is? Adverbs performing a syntactic function

Adverbs in English help make speech more vivid, emotional and colorful. Sometimes one word is enough to convey the meaning of a sentence or emphasize what is being said. By studying the formation of adverbs in English using examples, you will be able to more easily understand the peculiarities of composing words, and also learn exceptions. Remember that English is a language of exceptions to the rules, so be sure to study not only the basic rules, but also examples with exceptions. Original imaginary tables should always be in your memory, then your speech will be literate and correct.

Adverbs (adverbs) are used to denote a characteristic or manner of action and can answer the following questions:

Adverbs of the English language are also divided according to their structure, or more precisely, word formation. It is important to remember that an adverb can be:

Simple (contains only one root => here, now, well)
Derivatives (root + suffixes and prefixes => rarely, unfortunately, quickly)
Complex (one word consists of several stems => nowhere, sometimes, downhill)
Compound (forming an adverb with a phrase that has a single meaning => at first/at first, since then/since then, so far/Bye, at least/at least, in vain/ in vain, at length/details).

When forming adverbs from adjectives, you need to remember that each type is characterized by its own compositional features.

Formation of adverbs in English: rules and exceptions

Using the suffix -ly

This variant of adverb formation is most common. Adverbs in English are formed from adjectives as follows: base of adjective (sometimes noun) + -ly =>

Day+ly => daily (daily)

Swift+ly => swiftly (swiftly)

Sudden+ly => suddenly (unexpectedly)

Bad+ly => badly.

But! The formation of adverbs changes in the following cases =>

When -y changes to -i =>

Happy => happily (happily)

Easy+ly => easily (easy)

Merry => merryly (merry).

Such words will be the exception rather than the rule.

If the word ends in -e, then nothing changes in word formation, you only need to do one thing - add -ly =>

Rude => rudely (rudely)

But!!! True => truly (in fact, truthfully).

If there is an ending -le, then it needs to be changed to -ly =>

Capable => capably (skillfully)

Simple => simply (simple).

On a note! If a word ends in l and is preceded by a vowel, then l needs to be doubled =>

Brutal => brutally (cruelly)

Loyal => loyally (loyally).

Using suffixes -wise, -ward, -like, etc.

It is very important that words are formed correctly: in addition to the well-known suffix -ly, adverbs can also be formed using other suffixes => -wise, -ward, -like, etc.

Vivid examples => forward (forward), warlike (warlike), clockwise (clockwise), stepwise (gradually, step by step), sideward (to the side), seaward (towards the sea).

Important! Adjective word forms and adverb word forms can coincide! This a difficult situation for a beginning student, the context will help to understand it. Adjectives are related to nouns, and adverbs are related to verbs. In other words, it can be explained as follows => adjective + noun, adverbs + verb. Let's give examples for a better understanding of English grammar =>

I woke up early on Sunday => On Sunday I woke up early. (Answers the question ‘’When?’’ - indicated by an adverb)

This early bird sings so marvelous song! => This early the bird sings such a wonderful song! (Answers the question ‘Which one?’ – is an adjective)

She always drives her car slowly => She always drives her car slowly. (The action is explained by a verb)

Her car is so slowly! => Her car is so slow! (Adjective refers to a noun)

Reference: words related to both adverb and adjective =>

far/near => far/close;

early/late => early/late;

high/low => high/low;

little/much => little/much, etc.

Remember these words well, then it will be easier for you to learn the basic subtleties of the formation of English adverbs.

Please also note that different shapes will have different meanings. It is difficult to guess the correct meaning yourself; it is recommended to seek help from a dictionary. These forms include the following words:

late/lately => late/at Lately, recently;

hard/hardly => hard/barely;

high/highly => high/extremely, extremely;

close/closely => closely/closely;

near/nearly => close/almost, about.

But! Good=well => good=good.

Classification of adverbs by meaning

In the table below you can clearly see how adverbs are formed and distributed.

Adverbs of time	When?	Yet, tomorrow, now, today, before, later, for a week, frequently…
Adverbs of place	Where?	There, outside, inside, somewhere, nearby, abroad, overseas, upstairs, downstairs, next door…
Adverbs of manner (adverbs of manner of action)	How?	Else, too, quietly, loudly, noisily, easily, slow, bad…
Adverbs of degree (adverbs of degree and measure)	How? To what extent?	Almost, enough, very, extremely, rather, fairly…
Adverbs of frequency	How often? How?	Usually, occasionally, always, normally, rarely, hardly ever, sometimes, never…

Degree of comparison of adverbs: rules and exceptions

If you have already studied degrees of comparison with adjectives, then it will be much easier for you to learn degrees of comparison of adverbs, since you already have the foundation. That's why let's do it So - first you will learn the topic of adjectives, and then take on adverbs. The fact is that the degree of comparison of an adverb is similar to the degree of comparison of an adjective, is formed in an almost identical way. In most cases, of course.

Adverbs that end in -ly are formed in the following way =>

comparative degree: more (less) + base;

superlative: most (least) + base.

Amazingly => more amazingly => most amazingly:

Amazing => more amazing => most amazing.

If the adverb is monosyllabic (adverbs of manner of action are often such in English), then degrees of comparison are formed using a method similar to adjectives =>

comparative degree: stem + er;

superlative: base + est.

Late => later => latest:

Late => late => latest.

High => higher => highest:

High => highest => highest.

Slow => slower => slowest:

Slow => slowest => slowest.

But!! There are English adverbs that are not formed according to the rules! It is impossible to explain, you just need to learn:

This table should be in the memory of everyone who wants to speak English correctly. It is recommended to review the table every day.

Comparative turnover.

Another area of use of the adverb. English speech impossible without their use. Comparative constructions enrich speech, making it brighter and more colorful. Structures that are comparative in nature contain adverbs. The most striking examples =>

(Not) as/so + adverbs+as(He can cook dishes as well as his master does => He can cook dishes as well as his master).
The + comparativeadverbs, the + comparativeadverbs. When it is necessary to indicate a cause-and-effect relationship and parallel actions, double phrases with the article the are used (The less you know, the more you are attractive in a boy’s eyes => The less you know, the more attractive you are in the boy’s eyes).
Comparative adverbs + and + comparative adverbs. A kind of doubling is observed quite often (She was trying (to cope with something) harder and harder => She tried (to cope with something) harder and harder).

The role of adverbs in a sentence

Where should adverbs appear in a sentence? Their place is determined by the words that surround them and the appearance (depending on the classification). Generally speaking, in most cases adverbs occur before a participle or adjective, BUT after the verb.

Adverbs of time and place

Most often they are placed either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. Important! First we answer the question ‘’Where?’’, and only then – ‘’When?’’ => I will be working in the gatden tomorrow (Tomorrow I will work in the garden).

Adverbs of manner

They must be placed either at the end of the sentence or after the semantic verb => We were trying very hard (We tried very hard).

Introductory structures

If a word functions as an introductory structure, then it is located at the end or at the beginning of the sentence => Fortunately, we took umbrella (Fortunately, we took an umbrella).

Adverbs of degree

They should be placed before the adjective or semantic verb, or after auxiliary verb =>

These guys were so handsome! (These guys were so attractive!)
The Professor almost finished checking the essays (The Professor almost finished checking the essays).

Adverbs of frequency

Take place before the semantic verb or between the auxiliary and semantic verbs =>

He is always ready to say something interesting (He is always ready to say something interesting).
My brother usually wakes up early in the morning (My brother usually wakes up early in the morning).

Let's sum it up

Knowing the ways of forming adverbs and the main nuances, you will be able to communicate with ease, choosing the right and most successful words. Remember that the English language has many exceptions to the rules, so these words need to be learned by heart. Remember: free communication is communication without the fear of saying something wrong. Be confident in your knowledge and communicate freely! Good luck and brilliant results!

An adverb (Adverb) denotes a sign of an action or describes the circumstances under which an action is performed:

My son is four. He can't already read well.
My son is four years old, but he already great is reading.

We can talk about two ways to classify adverbs - by function in a sentence and by type.

Functional use of English adverbs

In a sentence, an adverb expresses a circumstance. This part of speech belongs to the verb group, as opposed to adjectives, which describe nouns. An adverb can perform more than just functions that determine a verb.

1. Characteristics of the action.

This group includes adverbs, which are modifiers of a verb. In this category, the adverb follows the verb:

He is driving dangerously. - He drives the car dangerously.
We are eating quickly. - We eat quickly.

2. Characteristics of another adverb.

She arrived too late. - She arrived too late.
I love you very much. - I love you very much.

3. Characteristics of the attribute (adjective)

Maria is so beautiful. - Maria is so beautiful.
They are too clever for you. - They're too smart for you.

4. Adverb as a conjunction

Adverbs can act as a conjunction, combining coordinating or subordinating clauses.

I don't understand why he is so shy. “I don’t understand why he’s so shy.”

She didn't tell me when she would come back. - She didn't say when she'll be back.

Both sentences are subordinate clauses. We are again faced with a case of use when this part of speech is so natural in our communication that many do not suspect that it is an adverb. We offer you examples of combining independent proposals:

The weather was fine, so we went for a walk. - The weather was great, so I went for a walk.

I'm going to Paris next week, nevetheless I will be available by phone. Call me anytime. - I'm going to Paris next week, but I'll still be available by phone. Call any time.

5. As question words

English adverbs can act as question words in special questions. These are words like when, why, how, how much, where:

Where is my mind? - What was I thinking?
When will you finish the painting? - When will you finish the picture?

Classification of adverbs by type

1. Adverbs of time - now, then, yesterday, tomorrow, always, never, since, rarely, still, yet, not often, etc. Don't confuse an adverb with an adverb. The second is a member of a sentence, not a part of speech, and can be expressed by a noun with a preposition, for example on Monday, last Summer. This applies not only to adverbs of time, but to all adverbs and circumstances in general:

It doesn't work on Mondays.- noun with preposition
It doesn't work yet. - adverb

2. Adverbs of place - here, there, above, below, elsewhere, anywhere, inside, where, etc.

Where is he? - Where is he?
It's inside. - It's inside.

3. Adverbs of manner of action. These adverbs characterize the action and answer the question “how?” how?" A large number of representatives of this group are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -ly - easily, beautifully, quickly, slowly, etc.

There are several exceptions. For example, adjective good- good, but good - well.

It's a good book./ good- an adjective that characterizes the noun book.

I can read well. / well- an adverb of manner of action that characterizes the verb: I read (how?) - well.

4. Adverbs of measure and degree - little, much, too, hardly, enough, very, almost, etc. This group of adverbs talks about the extent to which this or that action was performed.

I hardly know him. - I barely know him.
I'm almost ready. - I'm almost ready.

Adverb formation

According to the nature of formation, adverbs are divided into simple(originally adverbs) and derivatives. Most often, the second group grows from adjectives by adding suffix -ly:

beautiful - beautiful ly
slow-slow ly
nice - nice ly

Be careful: not all words are suffix -ly are adverbs. For example, lovely(cute, cute) - adjective. In such cases, you need to consider the function in the sentence. If a word ending in -ly characterizes a noun - a lovely bag, then we have an adjective. If it characterizes an action, we are dealing with an adverb:

Do it nicely. - Do it well.

Practice thoroughly |ˈθʌrəli| and have a lovely time!

Victoria Tetkina

An adverb is a part of speech that denotes an action expressed by a verb, or a property expressed by an adjective or other adverb. An adverb can also indicate the circumstances under which an action occurs. Adverb answers questions where? (Where?), when? (When?), and how? (How?, how much?) with different words: how long? (how long?), how fast? (how fast?), etc.

An adverb can be formed by adding a suffix to a noun or adjective -lу, for example: day (day) - dai ly(daily); quick (quick) - quick ly(fast).

having one form, for example: long - long, long; fast - fast, quickly; late - late, late; early - early, early;
having two forms with the same value, for example: loud - loud, loudly and loudly - loudly; slow - slow, slowly and slowly - slowly;
having two forms with different meaning, for example: late - late, late and lately - long ago; near - close, close and nearly - almost.

In English, as in Russian, there are different groups of adverbs - adverbs of time, place, etc.

here - here, here
where - where, where
there - there, there
nowhere - nowhere

Example: My friend lives here (My friend lives here).

when - when
today - today
now - now
yesterday - yesterday
often - often
tomorrow - tomorrow
always - always
usually - usually

Example: Doesn't usually go to bed at ten o'clock (He usually goes to bed at 10 o'clock).

well - good
easily - easy
fast - quickly
loudly - loudly
quickly - quickly
together - together
slowly - slowly
strongly - strongly

Example: My friend speaks English well (My friend speaks English well).

little - little
very - very
a lot - a lot
too - too
many - a lot
quite - quite
much - a lot
enough - quite

Examples: Not reads a lot (He reads a lot); She eats too much (She eats too much).

Adverbs are often used as question words and are placed at the beginning of a question sentence. Questions that begin with question words (adverbs and pronouns) are called special questions.

English adverbs, like Russian ones, are unchangeable, but some of them form degrees of comparison; The methods of education are the same. There are different degrees: positive, comparative, excellent, for example: fast (fast) - faster (faster) - fastest (fastest).

The comparative degree is formed in monosyllabic adverbs using a suffix -er more (more, more). The superlative degree is formed in monosyllabic adverbs using a suffix -est, for polysyllabic ones - using an adverb most (most).

soon - soon er— soon est
early-early er— earli est(early - earlier - first of all)
far - farth er— farth est(far - further - farthest)
often — more often — most often (often - more often - most often)
rarely — more rarely — most rarely (rarely - less often - least often)
easily more easily most easily (easy - easier - easiest)

well - better - best(good - better - best)
badly - worse - worst(bad - worse - worst of all)
many - more - most(a lot: about number - more - most of all)
much - more - most(a lot: about mass and volume - more - most of all)
little - less - least(few: about quantity - less - least of all)

It is important to know! Don't be confused well(good) and good(good), badly(bad) and bad(bad); these are different parts of speech: well and badly are adverbs, and good and bad are adjectives. However, their degrees of comparison are the same.

In order to distinguish adverbs from adjectives in sentences, you need to remember: the adjective acts as a determiner (which? - good), and the adverb is a circumstance (how? - good). In English, a linking verb can be followed by an adjective, but not an adverb, for example: The weather is nice. Sometimes in Russian translation an adverb is used instead of an adjective, for example: It is bad.

Adverbs can occupy different places in a sentence.
Adverbs of time(tomorrow, today, yesterday, etc.) are placed at the very end or at the very beginning, before the subject. For example: I saw him yesterday (I saw him yesterday). Tomorrow he will come to us (Tomorrow he will come to us).

Adverbs of frequency

after a linking verb (be) in a compound nominal predicate (Present and Past Simple), for example: Not is never late (He is never late);
right before the verb, if the predicate is a simple verb (Present and Past Simple), for example: Not often plays in the park(He often plays in the park);
between the auxiliary and semantic verbs, if the predicate is a complex verb (Present Continuous), for example: She is always making tea (She always makes tea).

Adverbs of degree(very, quite, too) are usually placed before the word they refer to. For example: I am very glad to see you (I am very glad/glad to see you). This test is too easy.
It is important to know! Adverb too in the meaning “too, also” it is placed at the end of the sentence, for example: She will go to school too (She will also go to school). Adverb also has the same meaning, but permanent place it does not have a sentence, and it is subject to the rule that exists for adverbs of frequency, for example: She will also go to school.

Adverb (Adverb) refers to independent parts of speech, that is, independent. Let's take a closer look at this part of speech.

Let's get down to business!

What is an English adverb?

Adverb ( adverb) is an independent and independent part of speech, indicating a sign of an action or the various circumstances under which the action takes place.

The main questions of an adverb are: “how?” - " how?", "how?" - " in what way?", "Where?" - " where?", "Why? - " why?", "When?" - " when?", "in what degree?" - " to what degree?»

After reading this article, consolidate your knowledge of adverbs on the TOP 100 adverbs simulator in the English language.

All adverbs in English can be divided into two categories: by form and by meaning. The forms of adverbs are:

simple ( simple): “now”, “today” etc. (now, today, etc.);
derivatives ( derived). They are formed from qualitative adjectives, to which the suffix “-ly” is added: “usual” - “usually” (usual - usually);
complex ( compound): "sometimes" (sometimes);
compound ( composite): “at least” (finally).

According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into groups.

Table of groups of adverbs in English

Group	Which question does it answer?	Adverbs	Example
Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner	How? How?	slowly readily fast quickly carefully	He eats slowly. He eats slowly. She helped me readily. She helped me willingly. Batman drives his car fast. Batman drives his car quickly.
Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place	Where? Where?	there at home everywhere outside	Granny told me to sit there. Grandma told me to sit there. I have looked for my cat everywhere. I looked everywhere for my cat. I left my car outside the yard I left my car outside.
Adverbs of Time Adverbs of time	When? When?	yesterday now today tomorrow	He called me yesterday. He called me yesterday. She is reading newspaper now. She is reading a newspaper now. They will meet tomorrow morning. They will meet tomorrow morning.
Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of frequency	How often? How often?	rarely once always often never sometimes	I visit him daily. I visit him daily. We rarely go to the theatre. We rarely go to the theater. I often visit my family in another city. I often visit my family in another city.
Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of degree	How much? How much? To what degree? To what extent?	rather a bit very quite	I entirely agree with you. I completely agree with you. Laura is very beautiful. Laura is very beautiful. The film was quite interesting. The film was quite interesting.

How and when adverbs are used

Adverbs can give characteristics:

actions: He is running quickly. - He runs fast.
sign: She is very witty. - She is very witty.
another adverbs: It's too late. - Too late.
entire offer: Honestly, we did a great job. - Honestly, we did a great job.

In addition, adverbs in English can connect separate sentences. Such adverbs include the words: “ therefore», « then», « however», « nevertheless», « still», « yet», « besides», « moreover», « otherwise», « else" Or even whole sentences (subordinate and main clauses as part of a complex: “ when», « where», « how», « why».

For example:

It was very difficult to start my own business. I continued nevertheless and never looked back.- Starting your own business was very difficult. However, I continued and never looked back.

I don’t care why you are late again.“I don’t care why you were late again.”

Adverbs “when”, “where”, “why”, “how” can serve as a question word:

Where is that boy?-Where is this boy?
When did you come?- When did you arrive?

Adverbs can reflect the speaker’s personal attitude to the topic of conversation, in which case they are called “adverbs of point of view” ( viewpoint adverb).

Foolishly, I agreed to help him.- Out of stupidity, I agreed to help him.
Clearly, he is mistaken.- Obviously, he is mistaken.
Actually, I share your opinion.- In general, I share your point of view.

Formation of adverbs in English

In English, most adverbs in English are formed by adding the ending “- ly" For example: "lone" - " lonely"(lonely - lonely), "slow" - " slowly"(slow - slowly)

Please pay attention to some nuances:

If the word ends with "- y", then we change "-y" to "- i" and also add the ending "- ly" As a result, we get the ending “- ily" For example: "easy" - " easily"(easy - easy), "happy" - " happily"(happy - happily).

If a word ends in "-le", then "-le" is simply replaced with "-ly".
For example: "simple" - " simply"(simple - simple), "able" - " ably"(skillful - skillfully).

Exception words to the rules. Usually these are adverbs that answer the questions: “ When?», « Where?», « How many?. For example: " late" - "late", " little" - "A little", " well" - "Fine", " far" - "far", " fast" - "fast".

Be careful, and if you are in doubt about a word, you can always check yourself by opening a dictionary.

Place of an adverb in an English sentence

The place of adverbs in sentences depends on the words that surround this adverb and directly on its classification:

Adverbs of manner ( adverbs of manner) are located before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence.

He opened the door quietly. / He quietly opened the door. - He quietly opened the door.
She is greatly respected by other colleagues. - She is very respected by her colleagues.

Adverbs of degree ( adverbs of degree) will come before an adjective, adverb or main verb, but after an auxiliary verb. Such adverbs include: “ absolutely», « completely», « totally», « very», « quite», « rather", etc.

She is extremely beautiful. - She is incredibly beautiful.
We almost finished this project. - We are almost finished with this project.

Adverbs of frequency ( adverbs of frequency) is usually placed before the main verb, but after auxiliary verbs, including “to be”. These are adverbs such as " always», « often», « usually», « rarely», « rarely».

I am always pleased to see you.- I'm always glad to see you.
He has always been cruel to her.- He was always cruel to her.

If we are talking about adverbs of place and time ( adverbs of place and time), then their usual location is at the end or beginning of a sentence. If a sentence contains both adverbs of place and time, the adverb of place goes first. We place some monosyllabic words (soon, now, then) before the main verb, or after auxiliary ones (including “to be”).

I will call you tomorrow.- I'll call you tomorrow.
There is a supermarket nearby.- There is a supermarket nearby.
I will soon let you know whether I want to move or not.- I will let you know soon whether I want to move or not.

An adverb that defines the entire sentence is usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Unfortunately, I failed to cope with this work.- Unfortunately, I couldn’t cope with this job.
I will be at work at 8 a.m. probably.- I'll probably be at work by eight in the morning.

What to do if there are two or more adverbs in a sentence? We arrange them according to this scheme: adverb of manner - adverb of place- adverb of time.

She has been reading a book intensely in her bed all day long.- All day she read carefully in her bed.

And if the sentence contains one of verbs of motion (go, come, leave, etc.)? In this case, the order will be like this: adverb of place - adverb of manner - adverb of time.

I was going there quickly yesterday.- I walked quickly there yesterday.

Flat adverbs

« Flat adverbs", they are " bare adverbs" or adverbs without grammatical indicator- these are adverbs whose form coincides with the corresponding adjectives. Some of them: " far», « fast», « fine», « hard», « high», « long», « low», « near», « quick», « slow», « straight"etc.

Let's look at the most common examples:

Far(far). This is an adverb doesn't have forms " -ly».

You will go far in your career.- You will go far in your career.

Fast(fast). Another adverb without the usual equivalent with “-ly”: drive fast(drive quickly).
Flat(evenly, decisively). Both forms are similar, but distinct:

I was turned down flat.- I was categorically refused.
I was flatly refused.- I was categorically refused.

Hard(strongly, firmly). This adverb and its form “-ly” have completely different meanings:

He hit him hard.- He hit him hard.
He hardly hit him.- He barely hit him.

Kind(gently, kindly). "Kind" and "kindly" have slightly different meanings:

Be kind. - Be kind/kind.

Think kindly of them.- Think kindly of them.

Quick(fast). This adverb is interchangeable with its “-ly” form: “come quick” and “come quickly” mean the same thing (come soon).
Smart(quickly, deftly). It is shaped with "-ly". The meanings of the shapes are slightly different.

Kids like to play smart now and choose transformers.- Today, children love to play wisely and choose transformers.
He loves dressing smartly.- He likes to dress elegantly.

Slow(slowly). “Slow” and “slowly” are interchangeable: “drive slow” and “drive slowly” mean the same thing.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs in English

Depending on what we are comparing, we can distinguish 2 degrees of comparison:

1. Comparative- We compare objects based on common features. For example: He jumps higher than his sister.

2. Excellent— we compare objects in order to identify the object with the most pronounced feature. For example: He jumps the highest.

To form comparative And excellent degree of comparison for adverbs with the suffix “- ly", necessary add words « more» ( less) or " most» ( least), which are translated as more/less and most/least, to the positive degree of a given word. For example: openly -more/ less openly - most/ least openly (open - more / less open - most / least open).

Monosyllabic adverbs like " fast», « soon" etc. form degrees of comparison, like their corresponding adjectives, that is, using the suffixes “- er» / «- est»:
soon - sooner - soonest(soon).

In a particular number of adverbs in general no degree comparisons. These include " before», « here», « very" and others.

And there is also a group of formation of adverbs in the English language, which are an exception, since they do not form degrees of comparison according to the rules. They need to be learned:

far - farther - farthest(far);
far - further - furthest(far);
badly - worse - worst(Badly);
little - less - least(few);
much - more - most(a lot of);
well - better - best(Fine).

Conclusion

Adverbs in English are independent and independent parts of speech that determine the nature of the action. According to their form they are divided into 4 groups: simple, derivatives, complex And composite. By value they are divided into: adverbs of image actions, adverbs of place, adverbs of time in English, adverbs of frequency in English And adverbs of degree. Adverbs are formed by adding the suffix " -ly” to an adjective, but there are also forms that need to be remembered. Adverbs can appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence, and have comparative and superlative degrees of comparison, just like adjectives.

We hope this article has cleared all your doubts on this topic. Good luck in your studies and your clear English.

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

Here you can find an adverb in the English language/English adverb/English Adverb.

ADVERB

In English, as in Russian, an adverb is a part of speech that denotes a sign of an action, state or quality.

According to their structure, adverbs are divided into:

1. Simple, consisting of only one root:

now - now
well - good
there - there

2. Derivatives, which include suffixes and prefixes:

orally - orally
indeed - indeed
uphill - uphill

3. Complex, consisting of several roots:

anyhow (any + how) - in any case, not at all
everywhere (every + where) - everywhere

4. Compounds consisting of several words:

by all means - required
for ever - forever
in a friendly way - friendly
as far as - as far as possible

According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into:

1. Adverbs of time (these include adverbs of definite and indefinite time):

today - today
soon - soon
since - since
already - already
never - never

2. Adverbs of manner:

slowly - slowly
often - often

3. Adverbs of place:

inside - inside
here - here

4. Adverbs of measure and degree:

much - a lot
very - very

5. Interrogative adverbs:

how - how
when - when

In a sentence, adverbs most often perform the function of adverbs:

It is never too late to learn. (circumstance of time)
It's never too late to learn.

DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

Some adverbs of manner and time have comparative and superlative degrees of comparison.

Degrees of comparison of monosyllabic adverbs are formed in the same way as degrees of comparison of monosyllabic adjectives, i.e. by adding to the base of the adverb the suffix -er in the comparative degree and the suffix -est in the superlative degree:

late - late - later - latest
fast - faster - fastest

Degrees of comparison of polysyllabic adverbs are formed in the same way as degrees of comparison of polysyllabic adjectives, i.e. using the words more in the comparative degree and most in the superlative degree:

necessarily - necessary - more necessarily - most necessarily
carefully - carefully - more carefully - most carefully

From some adverbs, degrees of comparison are formed by changing the root vowel or stem of the word.

You need to remember them:

well - good better - better best - best
badly - bad worse - worse worst - worst of all
little - little less - less, less least - least of all
much - a lot more - more, more most - most, most of all
far - far further/ farther - further furthest/ farthest - farthest