At what temperature is a soft roof covered? At what temperature should a soft roof be laid? TechnoNIKOL underlay carpet

In most cases, such materials are fiberglass, which has a bitumen coating on both sides. If the weather outside is hot, dry, you can stick such material without using forced heating, which means that natural conditions are quite sufficient ( sun rays). But there are other circumstances, therefore, the question at what temperatures a soft roof can be laid varies somewhat, although the main condition is heating.

Temperature characteristics of laying bitumen shingles

First of all, it should be noted that soft roofing materials come in two types:

Rolled.
Tiled.

Installation can only be carried out if the outside temperature is at least 5 °C. Although perfect option provides dry and also hot weather, but wet or rainy weather is unacceptable - the base must be dry. Such requirements are due physical properties bitumen - if the temperature is below 5 °C, it simply hardens and cannot be glued.

If the lower limit is due to a temperature of 5 °C, the upper limit at natural weather conditions For bitumen shingles doesn't exist at all. For example, in southern regions Temperatures in the sun can be very high, and in Libya a heat of 58°C in the shade was recorded. But such heat is not a hindrance, the main thing is that the roofers can work at the same time.

But not every time it is possible to install a soft roof in dry and sunny weather. If the sun does not help with gluing, bitumen mastic and a gas burner are used to forcefully heat the material. If an urgent need arises, installation using a gas burner is also done in frosty weather - when there are leaks or snow flies into the attic, the weather cannot be taken into account. But roofers usually try to avoid such options, which greatly affects the speed of the production process.

When laying bitumen shingles, the base plays an important role - most often: chipboard, OSB, FSF plywood or edged board. But for high-quality installation, above-zero temperatures or even very hot weather are not enough. The fact is that wood has the ability to absorb moisture, which often accumulates during storage. Therefore, if the base is wet, then no amount of heat and scorching sun will help to glue the soft roofing material.

Temperature characteristics when laying TECHNONICOL roofing

Laying TECHNONICOL type rolled roofing material is somewhat different from identical work with bitumen shingles. Of course, you can use two methods for fixation:

Mechanical fastening (screws, roofing nails, slats).
Fusing onto the roof base.

But in in this case we are only interested in one possible variant- fusing, in which it is necessary to resort to forced heating. Nevertheless, the requirements for fixing roll materials are very similar to the requirements for bitumen tile coverings and, above all, a dry base. There is one important advantage in this situation - the use of a gas burner allows you to dry out the moisture immediately before installation, if the base, of course, is not wooden.

Fixing TECHNONICOL type rolls using the fusing method can only be done using molten bitumen, but not hot or sunny weather won't help here. Here, to create the proper temperature, gas burners are usually used, as the most handy tool. It should be noted that this method is only applicable for flat roofs, and the reason for this is a completely natural physical dependence. The situation is explained by the banal flow of bitumen from the sloping surface, and there is no way to simultaneously operate the burner and glue the roof.

But, despite the fact that heating here is created artificially, some restrictions on temperature conditions still exist. The most suitable weather is considered to be with air temperature from -5 °C to +25 °C. Starting from -6 °C and below, TECHNONICOL hardens greatly and its installation becomes simply impossible. But if the air warms up above 25 °C, the material becomes too soft, which also makes fixing it extremely difficult. For these reasons, it is not recommended to store rolls in the cold or in the open sun.

The ideal time for roofing work with such material is considered to be spring, late summer and early autumn. The situation is considered when the air is heated from 6 °C to 20 °C, which is most convenient for production activities. But in situations where the roll turns out to be frozen (the conditions for its storage were not met), use construction hair dryer for heating. But TECHNONICOL, softened in the sun, can no longer be cooled and you need to wait for suitable weather.

From this we can conclude that the temperature conditions for both roll and tiled roof very similar, although there are some nuances. By following these instructions (they are usually given by the manufacturer), you can quickly and efficiently re-cover your home.

Second half of November. IN middle lane Climate winter has arrived in Russia. The temperature in the daytime no longer exceeds +5 degrees Celsius, there are constant transitions through zero. IN agriculture There is such a generally accepted term - a zone of risky farming, but is there a time for risky construction in our industry?

In this article we will look at the features of installing such a “summer” roofing material as flexible tiles in the cold season, share our experience, and, of course,

We will dissuade you from winter installation of flexible tiles!

Interested?

Why buy flexible tiles in winter?

From year to year we see purchases of flexible tiles and bitumen components during the cold season. Yes, purchase volumes drop significantly with the onset of cold weather. However, sales continue even after permanent snow cover has been established.

After interviewing our clients and visiting some facilities, we found out:

Only 10% of those who bought the material did so in reserve, i.e. bought and stored until the weather warmed up. Other clients buy material for quick installation and no temperature change stops them.

So, the majority of clients buy flexible tiles for installation. Are there technologies that provide high-quality installation bitumen shingles at sub-zero temperatures? Let's figure it out.

What do manufacturers of flexible tiles think about winter installation?

In most installation instructions you will find a paragraph stating that working with bitumen materials without any restrictions is possible at temperatures not lower than +5 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower, it is necessary to keep all bituminous materials (tiles, carpets, mastic) in a warm room before installation, take them out onto the roof as needed, and use a hair dryer to activate the adhesive strips on the tiles and carpets.

Just one or two paragraphs for the range “from +5 degrees Celsius and below.” How much lower: minus 10 degrees, minus 15, minus 20?

Winter installation experiment from UNIKMA

We became interested, and since we are used to checking the information we are interested in, as an experiment, a replacement was made in December 2016 roofing on one of the layouts of the West customer service center.

The purpose of the experiment is to check the feasibility of the recommendations of manufacturers of flexible tiles and to monitor the roof throughout the year at different temperature conditions.

The stages of installation of the layout (December 2016) and its condition at the time of publication of the article (November 2017) are demonstrated.
Photographs of the work stages were taken before recommendations for the winter installation of flexible tiles were developed.

The installation conditions were quite complex and corresponded to the actual conditions at the site: wind, freezing rain, short daylight hours, the presence complex nodes on the layout. We tried to do the installation as efficiently as possible.

This experience allowed us to identify the most problem areas with such installation, understand our mistakes and develop, in collaboration with our builders, recommendations for the winter installation of flexible tiles, but more on that later.

Despite the fact that the work was carried out on a specific model of flexible tiles, this experience allowed us to understand the main thing:

Firstly, installation of flexible tiles in winter conditions is possible.
Secondly, and this is most important, the information provided in the manufacturers' instructions is clearly insufficient.

The lack of information about the features of winter installation creates the very time of risky construction. In these conditions, you have to rely only on the experience of the builder and hope that the weather and experience will allow you to build your roof well.

The main conclusion from our almost year-long research on this topic (installation of the model, monitoring it in the warm season, visits to inspect roofs, communication with construction crews) is very simple and at the same time very important:

If you want to get high-quality installation of flexible tiles in winter, it will require significantly more effort, time and money than installation in summer, and the result will be less predictable.

More precisely, we can say that labor intensity will almost double, while the summer quality result will not be achieved by 100%.

If the installation of the roof is part of the winter season, preserve the object until spring!

For flexible tiles, it is best to preserve it by covering the assembled continuous sheathing with inexpensive rolled material, for example, roofing felt, followed by dismantling such a temporary shelter in the spring. There is also the option of staying with a properly installed underlayment without having to dismantle it. It is worth noting that continuous lathing(OSB) at any time of the year should be laid according to our recommendations, more about this in, and that not all underlay carpets can serve as a temporary roof.

For some reason, did you decide to continue installing flexible tiles in winter?

If we haven’t convinced you and you decide to install bitumen shingles in winter:

Make sure your qualifications construction crew, in their experience of conducting such installation work. We are ready to help you with this;
Believe me, in such installation it is experience and knowledge of the peculiarities of working in winter that will be the main components of success. Standard Instructions there are no helpers here;
Be sure to familiarize builders with
Monitor compliance with our recommendations.

Roofing work is carried out at outdoor temperatures down to -20°C, and in the Far North, as an exception, down to -30°C.

For conditions of the Far North at temperatures below - 20°C, it is recommended to use rolled polymer materials in the form of prefabricated carpets () or make roll-free roofs from cold polymer mastics based on solvents (“Krovlelit”, “Venta-U”).

Restrictions when carrying out roofing work at subzero temperatures consist mainly in the fact that it is not allowed to carry out roofing in case of ice, snowfall, fog, strong wind.

At negative temperature outside air, roll materials may be glued onto the following substrates: onto asphalt concrete - immediately after laying the asphalt concrete; for any prepared in the warm season; on a prefabricated slab with a factory-made single-layer rolled carpet (the seams between the slabs are sealed with cement-sand mortar with the addition of potash - 10% by weight of cement); to cement-sand with expanded clay filler with a fraction of up to 3 mm (cement: sand ratio - 1:2 parts by weight) and the addition of potash to the solution (10...15% by weight of cement).

Roof structures for construction in the Far North have distinctive features at junctions, on eaves and overhangs (Fig. 49) and in places where water intake funnels pass (Fig. 50).

Applying a primer and gluing rolled materials is not allowed if the base of the roof is covered with snow, frost or ice. Frost in the form of a crust of frost or ice is sprinkled with technical table salt(at the rate of 150 g/m2), then after 6...7 hours the base treated with salt is sprinkled with sawdust, and after 2...3 hours the sawdust is swept away and the moistened base is dried using portable heaters. The suitability of the base is checked by applying a test sticker to the rolled material.

Rolled materials are kept in a warm room and delivered to workplaces in insulated containers. The containers are metal boxes with lids (section 350X700 mm, height 1050 mm), insulated from the inside with foam plastic. Mastic for the roof is served in thermoses, asphalt - in insulated containers.

To warm workers, as well as for intermediate storage of materials, temporary insulated rooms must be equipped on the roofs.

The carpet glued in winter is inspected during the warm season, if necessary, repaired, and then the remaining layers are glued according to the design.

In winter conditions, roll carpets, except for the top layer, are usually glued with cold mastics. Upper layer pasted in the warm season after a preliminary examination. When supplying mastics through a pipeline (Fig. 51), it must be insulated. The mastics are heated in thermos boilers. The maximum temperature of mastics is 180°C.

When applying, the temperature of hot mastic should be 160°C, and cold mastic 70°C.

Simultaneous installation of multi-layer roll carpets in winter time Regardless of the type of mastic, it is prohibited.

In low-temperature conditions, additional layers of carpet are glued to funnels, junctions, valleys and eaves overhangs only with hot mastics, regardless of the material used to construct the roofing carpet.

The rolled carpet at the junction of the water inlet funnel must have an additional bottom layer of fiberglass impregnated with insulated mastic.

Distance from funnels internal drains to the walls, ventilation shafts and roof exits should be sufficient to connect the rolled carpet, but not less than 1 m.

Cold adhesive mastics must be heated to a temperature of 70°C in winter. The mastic in cans is heated in a container with water, heating it from the outside. Continuous heating of water does not allow the mastic to cool down.

Thermal insulation device

The thermal insulation layer is best made from prefabricated insulation boards. To avoid the installation of leveling screeds, the slabs are sorted in a warm room by size, turning Special attention to their thickness. The slabs are laid, adding a leveling layer of expanded clay underneath them if necessary. The joints are sealed with mastic from a mixture of liquefied bitumen with fibrous filler (asbestos of the 6th and 7th groups). Sealing joints with mastic allows you to get more solid foundation roofs.

If the project provides for gluing thermal insulation boards to the base, then to the surface reinforced concrete slabs(or other load-bearing base) a primer is applied, and after it dries, mastic is applied.

Monolithic thermal insulation in winter, as a rule, is not suitable, since when laying concrete mixtures with light aggregates it is necessary to use electric heating, which is quite difficult in roof conditions and takes a lot of time, and anti-frost additives can worsen thermal insulation properties insulation materials. From the compositions for the device monolithic thermal insulation The most preferred is bitumen perlite. It is prepared from hot bitumen and filler - perlite, served and applied mechanized way: hot bitumen through heat-resistant hoses using bitumen pumps, perlite through a pipeline using compressed air.

Screed device

Screeds at sub-zero temperatures are made from prefabricated asbestos-cement and cement slabs and monolithic - cement-sand and asphalt concrete. Since wet processes are very difficult to carry out in winter at low temperatures, the installation of a continuous prefabricated base in winter is preferable both in terms of labor costs and the quality of work. Prefabricated slabs are glued on hot bitumen mastics.

Cement-sand screeds made from cement-sand mortars of composition 1:2 or 1:3 (parts by weight) with the introduction of anti-frost additives - potash ( calcium chloride) or sodium carbonate salts. The amount of additives for the main composition is determined in laboratory conditions. In cement-sand mortars, river or mountain sand is replaced with expanded clay.

The cement-sand mortar with anti-frost additives is laid heated to 40...60°C, eliminating as much as possible the transfer of the mortar from one container to another. Solutions are delivered to the construction site in closed tanks (mortar trucks). When transported through pipelines, the receiving and dispensing hoppers are closed with tight lids to ensure tightness. Bunkers and pipelines are covered with thermal insulation.

When supplied to the roof by cranes, the solution is delivered in insulated containers, which are loaded (from mortar trucks and other vehicles) in insulated rooms. The solution, supplied to the roof in a container, is placed on a scooter or trolley without overloading into other containers and transported to the installation site. The roofers lay the delivered mortar in strips along beacon slats one at a time, leveling and compacting with vibrating slats, priming the mortar immediately after laying it and covering the finished strip with a continuous insulating layer of mats. After laying the solution through the strip, remove the beacon slats and fill the intermediate strips with the solution, also leveling their surface, priming and covering with an insulating layer.

Asphalt concrete screeds have an advantage over cement-sand screeds is that thanks to them high temperature at the time of laying (170°C) they are easier to level. The asphalt concrete mixture is delivered to the roof and to the roofers’ workplace in insulated containers; at very low temperatures, containers with the mixture are heated before installation using thermal electric heaters (TEH) to operating temperature. The mixture is laid in sections of 4x4 m on verified beacon slats and immediately it is leveled and compacted with rollers weighing 90 kg.

Screeds from asphalt concrete mixture And cement-sand mortar arranged in winter in cases where the installation of the load-bearing base of the roofs ends in winter and it is impossible to postpone the date of their installation. In this case, instead of monolithic screeds, flat asbestos-cement slabs are sometimes used. When installing prefabricated screeds, their base (the surface of the heat-insulating layer) is carefully leveled. Prefabricated elements are glued on hot bitumen mastics. The seams between the prefabricated slabs are filled with a mixture of liquefied bitumen grade BN-70/30 with a filler of group 7 asbestos.

Screeds installed before the onset of cold weather, when roofs are installed on them in winter conditions, are immediately primed (before the solution begins to set).

Gluing rolled carpet

For gluing roll materials, cold bitumen mastics with thinners (kukersol varnish or solar oil) are mainly used.

When constructing roofs from fused rolled materials, installations with burners operating on liquid or liquid are used to heat the covering layer. gas fuel(propane butane).

Rolled materials, including built-up roofing felt, are kept rolled out in a warm room at a temperature of 20...25°C for 24...48 hours before gluing, rolled up and placed in 5...7 rolls in a container with thermal insulation. These containers are transported to roof with lungs cranes and scooters, delivering directly to the laying area.

All containers with hot mastic equipped with electric heaters to ensure desired temperature(160...180°C).

Considering the difficulty of gluing roofing roll materials on hot mastics, it is advisable to install the roofing carpet using cold bitumen-kukersol or bitumen-latex-kukersol mastics (). These mastics are prepared centrally with the introduction of a larger amount of diluent and heated to 70...80°C before application.

When gluing on cold bitumen mastics, mark the layout line of rolled materials kept in a warm room and try them on in the laying area. A roll of cloth is rolled out over the primed base, applying with spray rods cold mastic on the base and roll material. The roofer, pressing the glued sheet to the base, makes sure that there is no mastic roll in front of the roll, which indicates the need to reduce its consumption. The panels are glued alternately, first with a transverse overlap, i.e., in width, the next row with a longitudinal overlap.

We are glad to welcome you to the site roofing company"Stroy-Alliance"
The main and priority activity of our organization is high-quality execution roof installation and repair work flat type. We will reliably carry out the following work:

	Laying of laying and built-up vapor barrier.
	Each type of these plates has its own advantages and disadvantages. Call and we will offer the brand of insulation that is suitable specifically for your case.
	We will carry out work on creating slopes from expanded clay or using wedge-shaped thermal insulation.
	Installation of cement-sand and prefabricated screeds.
	Reliable brands roofing waterproofing. No fiberglass as a base for rolls. Only fiberglass and polyester. Traditional technology repair of soft flat roofs includes fusing of roofing roll materials using gas burners. This method of installing and repairing flat roofs is intuitive and has been used for over 30 years. Practical experience similar works The specialists of our organization are 17 years old. We use it as a roofing covering quality materials TechnoNikol company.
	Polymer-bitumen grades with a thickness of more than 6 mm (for two-layer laying) Service life roll covering from 15 years old. Strict adherence to work technology.
	Domestic and imported polymer membranes. All components for installation are available. Three automatic welding machines. Teams with 10 years of experience in installing roofs using PVC membranes.
	Prompt visit to the site. Reliable defect removal. Roofers of the Stroy-Alliance company are certified by TechnoNikol.
	Let's compile according technical specifications or a defective statement, a commercial offer within 1 business day. If necessary, we will calculate the cost according to government rates.

In our activities we use only proven technologies and use materials that have passed many years of testing under real operating conditions. As a matter of principle, we do not work with materials that have low technical performance and a short service life. We deliver basic materials to the site directly from manufacturing plants, bypassing intermediaries.
We offer to potential customers various methods performance of work. This also applies to optimization of grades of materials and technologies used during installation. roofing structures. We know how you can save without losing quality!

Do you want to repair or install a flat roll roofing were performed with high quality, without violations of technology and in a short time?
Call now or leave a request and our roofers will get to work!

Advantages of cooperation with the Stroy-Alliance company

The Stroy-Alliance company is proud of its team. Due to the fact that we have no “staff turnover”, over the years of our existence the company’s employees have acquired invaluable experience, trained in Russian and foreign companies. All this guarantees that our specialists will prevent errors, take into account every nuance in the work and ultimately provide a high-quality product. Stroy-Alliance specialists strictly fulfill their obligations under the contract, therefore our company is considered reliable partner. Dear modern equipment, which we use for installation, repair of flat, soft, built-up, bitumen roofing, installation of roll roofing, roof waterproofing - an advantage of Stroy-Alliance, as this allows minimizing work time without loss of quality.

We have more than ten years of experience working with PVC membranes. We provide our services at a wide variety of facilities: shopping malls, warehouse terminals, private homes;
Installation membrane roofing We produce in the shortest possible time (from 500 square meters in a day);
Quick preparation of estimates, preparation of a full package of documents when putting the facility into use (acts of acceptance of completed work, acts of hidden work, etc.);
Installation of roll roofing made of PVC membranes, repairs, installation of weld-on flat roof carried out by us throughout the Central Federal District Russia;
The work of the Stroy-Alliance company fully complies with tax legislation (VAT is deducted when concluding a contract);
Installation and repair of flat roofs is carried out using a variety of methods (modern and traditional);
The visit of a technical specialist is carried out with maximum efficiency and completely free of charge;
The brands of materials used are agreed upon with the Customer;
When providing services, we use the latest foreign equipment;
Citizens of the Russian Federation work in the brigade.

Place your roof repair worries on the shoulders of our specialists!

|| Thermal insulation materials. Purpose and classification || Materials for leveling screeds and protective layers of roofs || Painting compounds and putties. Drying oils || Mineral binders. Purpose and classification || Construction solutions. Types and classification of solutions || General information about roofs, roofing and the organization of roofing work. Roof classification || Preparation of foundations for roofs. Substrate surface preparation || Installation of roofs from roll materials. Preparation of roofing materials || Installation of mastic roofs. Roofs made of bitumen, bitumen-polymer and polymer mastics || Installation of roofs using prefabricated coating panels. Complex panels || Construction of roofs made of piece materials. Roofs made of small-piece materials || Metal tile roofs. General information || Roofing made of sheet steel. Preparatory work || Roof repair. Roofs made from roll materials || Safety precautions

General requirements. Roofing work is carried out at outdoor temperatures down to -20°C, and in the Far North, as an exception, down to -30°C. For the conditions of the Far North at temperatures below -20°C, it is recommended to use rolled polymer materials in the form of prefabricated carpets or to make roll-free roofs from cold polymer mastics Krovlelit, Venta-V in solvents. Restrictions when performing roofing work at subzero temperatures are mainly that it is not allowed to perform roofing work during icy conditions, snowfall, fog, or strong wind.

When the outside air temperature is negative, roll materials may be glued to the following substrates: asphalt concrete - immediately after laying the asphalt concrete, any prepared at a positive temperature; prefabricated slabs with a factory-made single-layer rolled carpet (the seams between the slabs are sealed with cement-sand mortar with the addition of potash - 10% by weight of cement); cement-sand with expanded clay filler with a fraction of up to 3 mm (cement:sand ratio - 1:2 parts by weight) with the addition of potash to the solution (10...15% by weight of cement). Roof structures for construction in conditions Far North have features at junctions, on cornices, overhangs (Fig. 87, a) and in places where water intake funnels pass (Fig. 87, b). It is recommended: the first layer of roofing felt on the eaves 3 should be laid dry with the topping facing down; arrange thermal insulation liners 4; cover the cornice with additional layers of roofing carpet 5.

Rice. 87.
1 - cleaver; 2 - aprons; 3 - a layer of roofing felt (dry), laid with the topping down; 4 - liners; 5 - additional layers of roofing carpet; 6 - main roofing carpet; 7 - covering panel; 8 - water intake funnel; 9 - cement-sand mortar; 10 - galvanized steel pallet

The main roofing carpet 6 (Fig. 87, a) is made stepped and is not brought up to the eaves by 350 mm, the main thermal insulation is laid along the vapor barrier on the covering panels 7. The entire eaves section is protected with an apron 2 made of galvanized roofing steel, secured with clamps 1. At junctions layers of additional roofing carpet 5 are laid to the funnels on the covering panel (Fig. 87, b), which are brought close to the water inlet funnel 8, just like the main carpet 6. The thermal insulation layer is laid on a galvanized steel pallet 10. The funnel is secured with bolts embedded in cement-sand mortar 9. Applying a primer and gluing rolled materials is not allowed if the base of the roof is covered with snow, frost or ice. Frost in the form of a crust of frost or ice is sprinkled with technical table salt (at the rate of 150 g/m2), then after 6...7 hours the base treated with salt is sprinkled with sawdust, and after 2...3 hours the sawdust is swept away and the moistened base is dried using portable heaters. The suitability of the base is checked by applying a test sticker to the rolled material.

Rolled materials are kept in a warm room and delivered to workplaces in insulated containers. The containers are metal boxes with lids (section 350x700 mm, height 1050 mm), insulated from the inside with foam plastic. Mastic for the roof is served in thermoses, asphalt - in insulated containers. To warm workers, as well as for intermediate storage of materials, temporary insulated rooms must be equipped on the roofs. The carpet glued in winter is inspected during the warm season, if necessary, repaired, and then the remaining layers are glued according to the design.

In winter conditions, roll carpets, except for the top layer, are usually glued with cold mastics. The top layer is glued in the warm season after a preliminary examination. When supplying mastics with pump 7 (Fig. 88) through pipeline 1, it must be insulated. The mastics are heated in thermos boilers. The maximum temperature of mastics is 180°C. When applying, the temperature of hot mastic should be 160°C, and cold mastic 70°C.

Rice. 88. :
1 - pipeline; 2 - clamp; 3 - weather vane; 4 - inner tube; 5 - frame; 6 - pipe for supplying mastic from a thermos; 7 - pump

In winter conditions, it is recommended to stick rolled materials only along the slope, regardless of the roof slope. When gluing rolled panels manually, the mastic must be applied in strips the width of the brush perpendicular to the direction of rolling the roll and immediately roll and lap the panels. Simultaneous laying of multi-layer rolled carpets in winter, regardless of the type of mastic, is prohibited. In low-temperature conditions, additional layers of carpet are glued to funnels, junctions, valleys and eaves overhangs only with hot mastics, regardless of the material used to construct the roofing carpet. Rolled carpet at junctions drainage funnel must have an additional bottom layer of fiberglass impregnated with insulated mastic. The distance from the funnels of internal drains to the walls, ventilation shafts and exits to the roof should be sufficient for the connection of the rolled carpet, but not less than 1 m. For work in winter, it is recommended to use installations SO-212, SO-195A, SO-222A, as well as auxiliary equipment(Fig. 89).

Rice. 89. :
a - insulated bunker for asphalt concrete; b - insulated box for two rolls of roofing felt; c - insulated wheelbarrow for asphalt concrete; g - roof for wheelbarrow and bunker; 1 - frame made of bars 30x40 mm; 2 - slag; 3 - plywood

Thermal insulation device. The thermal insulation layer is best made from prefabricated insulation boards. To avoid the installation of leveling screeds, the slabs are sorted in a warm room by size, paying special attention to their thickness. The slabs are laid, adding a leveling layer of expanded clay underneath them if necessary. The joints are sealed with mastic from a mixture of liquefied bitumen with fibrous filler (asbestos of the 6th and 7th groups). Sealing joints with mastic allows you to get a more durable roof base. If the project provides for gluing heat-insulating slabs to the base, then a primer is applied to the surface of the reinforced concrete slabs (or other load-bearing base), and after it dries, mastic is applied. Monolithic thermal insulation in winter, as a rule, is not suitable, since when laying concrete mixtures with light aggregates it is necessary to use electric heating, which is quite difficult in roof conditions and takes a lot of time, and anti-frost additives can worsen the thermal insulation properties of insulation. Of the compositions for installing monolithic thermal insulation, the most preferable is bitumen perlite. It is prepared from hot bitumen and filler - perlite, fed and applied in a mechanized way: hot bitumen through heat-resistant hoses using bitumen pumps, perlite - through a pipeline using compressed air.

Screed device. Screeds at negative temperatures are made from prefabricated asbestos-cement and cement slabs and monolithic ones - cement-sand and asphalt concrete. Since wet processes are very difficult to carry out in winter at low temperatures, the installation of a continuous prefabricated base in winter is preferable both in terms of labor costs and the quality of work. Prefabricated slabs are glued on hot bitumen mastics. Cement-sand screeds are made from cement-sand mortars of composition 1:2 or 1:3 (parts by weight) with antifreeze additives - potash (calcium chloride) or sodium carbonate salts. The amount of additives for the main composition is determined in laboratory conditions. In cement-sand mortars, river or mountain sand is replaced with expanded clay. The cement-sand mortar with anti-frost additives is laid heated to 40...60°C, excluding as much as possible the transfer of the mortar from one container to another. Solutions are delivered to the construction site in closed tanks (mortar trucks). When transported through pipelines, the receiving and distributing hoppers are closed with tight, hermetically sealed lids. Bunkers and pipelines are covered with thermal insulation. When supplied to the roof by cranes, the solution is delivered in insulated containers, which are loaded (from mortar trucks and other vehicles) in insulated rooms. The solution, supplied to the roof in a container, is placed on a scooter or trolley without overloading into other containers and transported to the installation site. The roofers lay the delivered mortar in strips along beacon slats one at a time, leveling and compacting with vibrating slats, priming the mortar immediately after laying it and covering the finished strip with a continuous insulating layer of mats. After laying the solution through the strip, remove the beacon slats and fill the intermediate strips with the solution, also leveling their surface, priming and covering with an insulating layer.

Asphalt concrete screeds have an advantage over cement-sand screeds in that due to their high temperature at the time of laying (170°C), they are easier to level. The asphalt concrete mixture is delivered to the roof and to the roofers’ workplace in insulated containers; at very low temperatures, containers with the mixture are heated before installation using thermal electric heaters (TEHs) to operating temperature. The mixture is laid in areas of 4 x 4 m on verified beacon slats and immediately leveled and compacted with rollers. Screeds made from asphalt concrete mixture and cement-sand mortar are installed in the winter in cases where the installation of the load-bearing base of the roofs ends in winter and the date of their installation cannot be postponed. In this case, instead of monolithic screeds, flat screeds are sometimes used. asbestos cement sheets. When installing prefabricated screeds, their base (the surface of the heat-insulating layer) is carefully leveled. Prefabricated elements are primed on both sides, then glued onto 100 mm wide spacers, which are glued with bitumen mastics. The seams between the prefabricated slabs are filled with a mixture of liquefied bitumen grade BN-70/30 with a filler of group 7 asbestos. Screeds installed before the onset of cold weather, when roofing on them is carried out at sub-zero temperatures, are immediately primed (before the solution begins to set).

Gluing rolled carpet. For gluing roll materials, cold bitumen mastics with thinners (kukersol varnish or solar oil) are mainly used. When constructing roofs from fused rolled materials, installations with burners operating on liquid or gas fuel (propane-butane) are used to heat the covering layer. Before gluing, rolled materials, including weld-on materials, are kept rolled out in a warm room at a temperature of 20...25°C for 24...48 hours, rolled up and placed in 5...7 rolls in a container with thermal insulation. These containers are transported to the roof by light cranes and scooters, delivering directly to the stowage area. All containers with hot mastic are equipped with electric heaters to ensure the required temperature (160...180°C).

Considering the difficulty of gluing roofing roll materials on hot mastics, it is advisable to install the roofing carpet using cold bitumen-polymer mastics. These mastics are prepared with the introduction of polymers and heated to 70...80°C before application. When gluing on cold bitumen mastics, mark the laying line of rolled materials kept in a warm, cleaned room and try them on in the laying area. A roll of cloth is rolled out over the primed base, applying cold mastic to the base and rolled material using spray rods. The roofer, pressing the glued sheet to the base, makes sure that there is no mastic roll in front of the roll, which indicates the need to reduce its consumption. The panels are glued alternately, first with a transverse overlap (in width), the next row with a longitudinal overlap (in length).