A porch is not just a canopy over. This is practically the calling card of the house. building can be luxuriously decorated, but if in front of the door there is instead of a step wooden box from under the vegetables, and as a roof over the door a piece of unevenly cut iron - the whole impression was gone. How to properly and beautifully for a private home? Photo best projects, design secrets and much more on the topic - in this material.
A porch is an essential part of any facade, and few people think that in fact this structural detail has a very important function. It is a transition from ground level to the height of the first floor of the building. If the houses have, then this height can be quite decent - up to one and a half meters.
At least one, but you will need it. There must certainly be a platform in front of the front door where it will be convenient to turn around and open door leaf so that it does not interfere with the passage.
In addition to the indicated main function, the tasks of the porch include:
- preventing dirt from entering the house;
- in some cases - placement of seats for relaxation and garden tools;
- V closed design performs the task of a heat insulator;
- is an element of facade decoration.
The minimum design requirements include the presence of at least two or three steps, a minimum platform size of one square meter.
Everything according to Feng Shui
The shape of the entrance extension depends on the taste and preferences of the owner and can be:
- rectangular;
- angular;
- radial;
- trapezoidal.
Chinese folk signs they say that the well-being of the family depends on the shape of this part:
| Semicircle and circle |  | Promote harmony and well-being in family relationships |
| Square |  | For success and stability in life |
| Rectangle |  | Helps with personal growth and privacy |
| Trapezoid |  | Financial stability |
| Corner option |  | Unity of children and parents |
According to these canons or not, the shape of the porch is for country house should look. If this design has rounded shapes, they should be repeated in the lines of the building or adjacent ones.
Open and closed form
The entrance part of the house can be closed or open. In the first case, construction will be less expensive and not complicated. In the second, the structure will become an integral part of the facade and can be used not only as a porch, but also as a porch.
For your information! The material of the porch does not have to be the same as the material of the facade. It is only necessary to maintain the general design style.
Projects of a closed porch for a private house can be very different; let’s look at photos of the most successful options.
Veranda– glazed on three sides, in which there is no heating system. It can not only be in front of the facade of the cottage, but also retreat from the side.
Advice! To attached veranda looked like an organic part of the house, it should be no more than a third of the area of the first floor.
The terrace has no walls. This is an open form that can be not just in front of the house, but even located along the entire perimeter of the building. In this case, the steps can be located in any convenient place or at several points at once. Most often, the terrace is decorated with railings; they give the structure a finished look.
Metal porch in private houses: photo
Metal structures are strong and durable. Forged options have an openwork design. Such extensions can look like real works of art. The basis is metal racks and profile or pipe. If the house has already shrunk, you can firmly tie it to metal porch, welding parts of the reinforcement. Forged extensions have only one, but significant, disadvantage - they will not protect the entrance to the house from cold and wind. Photo of a porch in a private house made of metal:
The combination of stone and metal is the most durable and monumental option 
Reinforced concrete structure
This extension option is the most common. Experts advise laying the foundation concrete porch together with .
In this case, the steps for climbing are also made of concrete. To form the feet, shaped formwork and special spacers are used. So that over time concrete base did not collapse under the influence of rain and snow, it is covered.
Design features
The appearance of the entrance extension must correspond to the style of the building facade. Various materials are used for decoration:
- stone;
- ceramic tiles;
- tree;
- plastic;
- moisture resistant laminate.
For your information! If used for cladding steps ceramic tile, it is worth taking care of the anti-slip coating. It can be played by a rubber or polyurethane mat. It is especially important to provide such coverage in winter.
Original and other accessories are used for decoration.
Common style directions:
- Country. Characteristic signs This includes figured balusters and a parapet lined with stone. The canopy is made of wood, and the space between the railings is filled with crossed wooden slats.
- implies the use of . The pattern should be harmoniously combined with the patterns on the trim and cornices. If you add bright colors, you will get a truly royal porch.
- High tech. They use a harmonious combination of metal and plastic. Parts are made of galvanized pipes, it is possible to use tempered glass. Good idea polycarbonate will be used. He has different colors, easy to install and bend if necessary.
- Classic. Such extensions are decorated with stone. Marble and granite are best suited for this purpose. Columns are appropriate for the façade. You can install wrought iron fencing.
Do-it-yourself porch to the house: projects, photos and advice from builders
Building a porch does not require any special skills. To work, first of all you will need. It is necessary to measure the height of future degrees, doorway.
Here are a few projects as an example:
All these options can be customized to suit your own requirements and façade features.
Building a porch with your own hands from wood with a canopy
Stage 1 – design
In each case, the size and shape of the porch may be different, but there are some mandatory parameters:
- the width of the flight of stairs is at least ninety centimeters;
- the slope of the stairs is within thirty to forty-five degrees;
- the height of the steps is from 15 to 19 centimeters;
- The width of the steps is thirty centimeters.
These are dictated by the anatomical characteristics of a person and adapted to his average parameters. For tall people, all the given parameters should be increased by 3-4 centimeters.
Important! To rainwater does not stagnate on the steps; when arranging them, they make a slight tilt forward.
If there are only a couple of steps on a wooden porch, you can do without. But if there are elderly people in the house, it is better to provide for them.
Minimum size platforms - one square meter. If possible, it is better to provide a larger site. Subsequently, you can put it on it for the summer. The flooring level should be five centimeters below the threshold front door. So, even if the boards swell in damp weather, there will be no problems with opening and closing the door leaf.
Stage 2 - arrangement of the foundation
The wooden structure at the entrance is installed on a columnar or pile foundation. You can install such a base in just one day. For this purpose, depressions are drilled in the ground into which asbestos-cement pipes are installed, reinforced with reinforcement and filled concrete mortar. You can install and wooden poles, but they will not last for a relatively long time, even if the wood is soaked protective compounds. The easiest way to work is with screw piles.
Supports of any type are buried to a level below the freezing level of the soil. After installation, a horizontal harness is attached to the supports.
Stage 3 - installation of stairs
The thickness should not be less than 3 centimeters. Otherwise, when moving furniture or a refrigerator, the load will be such that the steps will simply break. To fix the steps on the stringer, use self-tapping screws. Unlike nails, they will not become loose over time and will not split the wood.
Stage 4 - canopy installation
What to make a porch roof from is up to everyone to decide, but the issue of a harmonious combination of materials should be taken into account. The combination of concrete and wood is not the best option. Wood goes well with tiles and. Examples in the photo of a canopy over the porch:
The roof shape can be pitched, hipped or arched. The main thing is the presence of a slope for water drainage and. The distance between the rafters is no more than thirty centimeters.
Important! All wooden parts the porch should be carefully treated from wood-eating insects and rot.
Results
To make you feel like in a nursery rhyme, like a prince on the porch, you will have to work hard. A project should be developed that guarantees the stability of the structure and its harmonious combination with the facade of the building.
The entrance to a house equipped with a veranda or terrace will become convenient place relaxation for the whole family. For inspiration you can use best photos porches for a private house and video recommendations.
The construction of a durable and reliable porch protects from the effects of winds, snowstorms, and precipitation. In addition, the porch plays an aesthetic role at the main entrance to the house and is one of the significant foundations of the home.
Designing a wooden porch in a private house
Designing a porch should begin with selecting a design that matches the exterior of the building. It is important to maintain proportions in relation to the size of the house. If the house is built of timber or logs, the best option for making a porch would be strong wood.
Then, depending on your wishes and structural features of the structure, you need to decide on the shape of the porch, which can be:
The exact size and shape of the porch is calculated using pegs driven in along the expected perimeter of the future building.
The next step is to design the steps and railings. If the porch has more than 3 steps, then railings are a must. The structure of the building itself can be of two types:
All dimensions and features of the structure must be recorded on paper in the form of a schematic drawing, which will avoid errors and mistakes during construction.
The porch is considered an outdoor structure that is actively affected by natural factors. Therefore, the wood for its manufacture must be durable and properly processed. Used materials, especially those with visible defects, are not recommended.
The main mistakes during construction wooden porch are the following violations:
The optimal material for constructing a wooden porch is considered quality wood from coniferous trees, oak.
Structural and technological features of the staircase
The number of steps of a staircase for a wooden porch depends on the height of the basement of the building. The structure must meet safety requirements when moving at a certain angle to the horizontal. The best option will be the manufacture of stairs with wide and gentle steps. However, each specific case of installation of a structure requires adjustment of certain parameters, namely:
- lifting height of the product;
- type of construction;
- plan area;
- the steepness of the stairs;
- width, height and number of steps.
It is worth noting that the construction of wooden stairs in terms of safety should be taken into account primarily when constructing a structure.
As a result of many years of practice, architects and architects around the world have come to the conclusion that the safety of a staircase, first of all, depends on the ratio of the height and width of the steps, regardless of the accessory and installation location of the product. For comfortable movement along the stairs, the ratio of the height of the flight to its horizontal projection should be 1:2 – 1:1.75 (no steeper than 30 degrees). Stairs with greater steepness become not only inconvenient, but also dangerous.
As a rule, the height of the steps is no more than 20 and no less than 12 cm. Their width is kept within the size of a person’s foot, but not less than 25 cm. In addition, the dimensions of the steps along the entire flight of stairs must be identical to each other. In order to calculate their number, the height of the base part should be divided by the selected step height. When designing a staircase, it should be taken into account that the material used for manufacturing must have a high coefficient of friction.
From ice in winter time surface flight of stairs can be partially protected by installing a canopy. The optimal solution to fix this problem is electric heating. It is worth remembering that the number of steps in one march should be an odd number.
To extend the working life wooden coverings, including stairs, it is necessary to treat them with antiseptics. In this case, the structure should be periodically tested and inspected. Whatever the strength of the wood, it is subject to rotting due to atmospheric influences and deformation due to bark beetles.
Original and classic coverings of entrance areas
Wooden houses are often insulated with siding. It makes sense to decorate the porch in the appropriate style. The presented coating is used mainly in white or cream shades. It gives the building a pleasant appearance, additional insulation. In addition, siding, while practical, has a low cost.
The main advantages of siding covering the entrance porch are the following:
Porch finishing terrace board is still the most popular method of decorating the entrance area. This material fits organically into any façade.
Finishing with decking boards is perfect for all types of porches. This material has three main characteristics:
- difference in thickness (from 18 to 48 mm);
- varying degrees of surface roughness (smooth version, “corduroy”, “scar”);
- the difference is in the profile (beveled models, a sample with grooves and a straight standard one).
The decking board can be made from various materials(larch, composite composition from tropical tree species, from wood-polymer components). The most durable board is made from selected tropical wood. Its service life ranges from 50 to 80 years.
The main advantages of decking boards include the following:
- resistance to moisture and temperature changes;
- aesthetic appeal;
- not susceptible to damage as a result of exposure to insects and fungal formations;
- rough surface.
There are also some disadvantages to using decking boards. These include:
- the possibility of the formation of resinous substances and splinters in larch materials;
- difficulties in processing board options made from durable tropical trees;
- a wood-polymer composite is less resistant to mechanical stress than a board made of natural wood.
Instructions in the photo, as a step-by-step implementation of the project for decorating a wooden porch
The presented photos clearly demonstrate the processes of making a porch with your own hands. Also, there are several options for finishing and staircase arrangement (with and without railings), including original samples of a porch for a country house.
Brick porch
For those who want to create a porch for their home with their own hands, it is recommended to follow the following rules:
By following some simple tips and using your imagination, you can create an exclusive wooden porch with your own hands, which will highlight the overall exterior of the building and become its real decoration.
Project for the porch of a wooden country house: drawing, design of the porch, calculation of the size of the height of steps for an external staircase, how to decorate the finished entrance area in front of the house in an original way with siding or decking, photo
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The porch is a functionally significant element of the architectural ensemble of a country house, which, in addition to its practical purpose, performs an aesthetic function, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. Being the front part of the building, the porch of a private house can tell a lot about its owner: about his tastes, attitude towards his site, material wealth. That is why many of us try to decorate the facade of the house so that it stands out from others. And even if at the construction stage the owner does not have the opportunity to attach a beautiful wooden porch to the house, he can always realize what he wants after a while.
Porch wooden house is an extension in front of the entrance to the building, which serves as a transition from ground level to floor level.
Since the height difference between the ground and the floor often reaches from 50 to 200 or even more centimeters, the porch is equipped with a staircase made of steps
The practical function of the porch is also that wooden extension designed to protect the front entrance of the house from snow and rain. Therefore, the area adjacent to the entrance door is also equipped with a canopy. Depending on the shape and purpose, the porch may have one of the design options; let’s look at some of them.
Option #1 – open area on the steps
A compact platform with adjacent steps is an excellent addition to the architectural ensemble of a small one- and two-story wooden house
Option #2 – platform with partially closed walls
When arranging a porch located on a small elevation, low fences are used protective function, protecting against falls and possible injuries.
On the porch, the height of which does not exceed half a meter, such railings and partially closed walls act more as a decorative design
Option #3 – closed porch
Screened porch owners country houses Most often they are equipped if they have the opportunity to build a more spacious area next to the entrance.
The space of such a porch - veranda, furnished with comfortable garden furniture, allows you to receive guests and enjoy a pleasant holiday in the fresh air
Self-construction of a wooden porch
Before you start building a porch to your house, it is important to decide not only the size of the structure, but also consider the presence of steps, the height of the handrails and general form porch.
Detailed design future design or at least a drawing of the porch will allow you to visually formalize the idea and calculate required amount material
When designing a structure, a number of points should be taken into account:
- The width of the porch area should be no less than one and a half times the width of the front entrance. The porch is located on the same level as the first floor of the building. In this case, a margin of 5 cm should be provided from the level of the porch platform for the front door. This will allow you to avoid complications in the future if the surface of the wooden platform is deformed under the influence of moisture when opening the front door. After all, according to the requirements fire safety The front door should only open outwards.
- The number of steps is calculated with the aim that when climbing a person steps onto the porch platform leading to the front door with the foot with which he started moving. When arranging a porch in country house Usually they make three, five and seven steps. Optimal size steps: height 15-20 cm, depth 30 cm.
- Wooden steps leading to the porch should be placed at a slight inclination of several degrees. This will prevent puddles from stagnating after rain or melting ice during the cold season.
- It is advisable to provide a canopy to protect the front entrance from precipitation. The presence of fences and railings will make it easier to climb and descend stairs, which is especially important in winter period when the surface is covered with a crust of ice. From an ergonomic point of view, the most comfortable height for a person is 80-100 cm.
- When building a porch, you should also take into account that when attaching an extension to a monolithic building, it is extremely undesirable to connect the building structures “tightly”. This is due to the fact that the house and the porch, having different weights, create different shrinkage. This can cause the formation of cracks and deformations at the joints.
Stage #2 – preparation of materials and construction of the foundation
To make a wooden porch you will need the following materials:
- Beam with a section of 100x200 mm for installing support pillars;
- Boards 30 mm thick for arranging the platform and steps;
- Rails with a cross section of 50 mm for side posts and railings;
- Antiseptics for treating wood surfaces;
- Cement mortar.
From construction tools should be prepared:
- Saw or jigsaw;
- Hammer;
- Level;
- Screwdriver;
- Fastening materials (nails, screws);
- Shovel.
Construction of any building structure begins with laying the foundation.
The optimal option for laying a reliable and durable support for the construction of a wooden porch to the house is the construction of a pile foundation
Unlike traditional concrete types foundations, a pile foundation does not require large financial costs for construction. In addition, it is quite easy to install: any owner with basic construction skills can build a pile foundation.
Wooden beams intended for supports should be treated before installation. This allows you to prevent wood rotting and extend its service life. supporting structure. In the places where the supports are installed, we dig holes 80 cm deep, the bottom of which is lined with a sand and gravel “cushion”.
Having leveled the base, install it vertically support pillars, leveling them, checking the height, and only after that fill cement mortar
The height of the piles should be calculated taking into account that even after the platform has been laid on them, the distance to the door remains at least 5 cm.
Fill the vertically installed support pillars with cement mortar and wait for it to dry completely. Only after this we fix the outer row of support posts to the wall of the house using self-tapping screws. This will significantly increase the strength of the structure. We lay the logs horizontally directly on the support pillars.
Stage #3 – making a stringer and installing steps
To arrange a flight of stairs, you will need to make a special inclined board - a stringer or bowstring.
A flight of stairs can have two design options: with embedded steps or with cut out ledges
Using a special triangular pattern, we make recesses for the bowstring. You can make such a template yourself by cutting out a blank from thick cardboard. One of the sides of the pattern corresponds to the horizontal part of the future steps - the tread, and the second to the vertical part - the riser. The number of steps depends on the size of the porch area and the expected load that they will have to withstand.
Having calculated the required number and sizes of steps, we mark the profile of the future bowstring on the board. As a basis for making a bowstring, it is better to use unedged lumber, which is an order of magnitude wider than conventional edged boards.
To secure the lower part of the bowstring, it is necessary to pour concrete support platform. To protect the bottom stage from steam rising from the ground top layer It is advisable to lay a vapor barrier.
At this stage of construction, it is also necessary to provide a “cushion” device to drain excess moisture
Having filled the support area with cement mortar, we wait for the base to completely dry and only after that we begin to install the bowstring. We fix them on the supports using screws or nails. The distance between the bowstrings should not exceed one and a half meters.
Stage #4 – assembly of the wooden structure
We attach the finished stringers by sawing, or using the tongue-and-groove method, to the joists of the site. To do this, we fix the boards with grooves to the area beam so that subsequently the spikes of the bowstrings are inserted into the grooves of the board.
After that we move on to installation wooden floor sites. When laying the boards, it is advisable to fit them together as closely as possible. This will help avoid future formation large cracks during the drying process of wood.
The final stage of assembling a wooden porch is the installation of steps and risers
We begin laying from the bottom step, fastening using the tongue-and-groove method and additionally fixing them with self-tapping screws. First we attach the riser, and then the tread on it.
The porch is almost ready. All that remains is to make the railings and arrange the canopy. To give the structure a more attractive and complete look, it is enough to coat the surface with varnish or paint.
Videos with examples of porch construction
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TO The stigma is a functional element of any household and is its calling card. Such a structure should be located at the entrance to the building and fit into the created exterior of the building. By selecting suitable material, you can build a luxurious porch to your house with your own hands. Projects, photos and design drawings can easily be found in our review. In addition to practical functions, this structure performs decorative function. At the same time, the canopy and railings are decorated with beautiful carvings and other decorative elements.
In many buildings, the porch is part of the project and fits perfectly into the overall exterior
The porch in a private house, photos of which can be viewed on the website, is an open area with a staircase in front of the entrance to the house. It can be of any shape and made from various materials.
Such a structure can be made in the following variations:
- the attached type structure is characterized by greater mobility.
Helpful information! To avoid skewed steps and cracks, a foundation must be installed.
Foundation: construction features for all types of porch
A strong foundation is necessary to make a porch for your house with your own hands. Projects, photos and descriptions will help create a high-quality foundation.
The depth of the foundation for the porch and the house must be the same, otherwise the smaller structure may shift. The type of foundation depends on the material of the main structure. If brick or concrete is used, the base must be reinforced. Installation of the foundation begins with markings. Piles are driven into the corners of the resulting rectangle, and then a trench is made along the contour. For a large canopy you will need to install additional supports. It is recommended to carry out formwork. Boards or chipboards are used for it. It is also important to do waterproofing. In this case, the bottom of the pit is covered with roofing felt. For reinforcement, bricks and a special mesh or are used. Then the concrete mixture is poured. Each layer of mortar must be compacted with a shovel.
Helpful information! After pouring, the surface of the foundation must be leveled and covered with roofing felt. To the surface concrete covering No moisture should get in if it rains.
Related article:
Do-it-yourself porch for the house: projects, photos of different types of porch
Help you choose best design porch of a private house photos that can be found on the website. At the same time, it is worth deciding on the material for the future design. TO traditional options This could include wood, concrete, stone and brick, or metal.
Metal structures: nuances of the device
Metal products are assembled using electric welding. The structure is assembled from standard parts. If desired, you can use forging elements for a metal porch in a private house. The photo will allow you to choose interesting solutions.
This design is installed in several stages:
- two channels are laid parallel at a distance from future steps. Then a corner is cut to the size of the steps;
- a part equal to the height between the steps is cut off from the corner. Both elements are welded in the shape of the letter L;
- L-shaped parts are attached to the channel;
- then the channels are connected using corners.
Ready. Steps made of any material can be mounted on it. If more than three steps are provided, then railings are installed. The design is completed by a visor.
Concrete options: design features
The concrete structure involves the continuation of the foundation in steps. In this case, reinforcement is used, which will prevent the appearance of cracks. Such a structure requires additional cladding with stone or tiles.
Formwork is made for each step. Finished design covered with decorative material.
Helpful information! The space between the foundations of the main building and the extension is sealed mineral wool, which provides better structural stability.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch for a private house: installation features
Do-it-yourself wooden porch to the house is popular. Projects and photographs of such structures are varied. The best material larch and others are considered conifers. Such raw materials require special protective impregnations.
Installation wooden structure consists of the following actions:
- making a ladder involves shaping the bowstring. These elements are connected to the base;
- installation of the platform consists of installing shelf boards to the finished base;
- steps are being installed. At the same time, steps and risers are attached using self-tapping screws;
- The design of the structure is carried out using railings and a canopy.
Helpful information! The durability of the structure depends on the correct preparation and processing of the wood. The raw materials must be well dried.
Related article:
Porch made of brick or stone
Making brickwork for a porch is very difficult, since the brick needs to be laid perfectly evenly. It is even more difficult to lay a porch made of stone without certain skills. The chipped edges do not fit together.
TO simple options This includes constructing a staircase from concrete and lining it with stone or brick.
Visor options
An important addition to the extension is the canopy over the porch. The photo on the site allows you to see interesting options of this element.
The canopy is created from timber, metal, plexiglass or metal pipes. Wooden structures must be treated with special solutions every 2-3 years to prevent the wood from deteriorating.
The canopy should protrude at least half a meter beyond the area of the main structure. Piles for the canopy supports are installed at the stage of creating the base. The coating can be polycarbonate, plexiglass or tiles. This element must have a pitched shape.
Helpful information! Wooden structure or metal sheets can be painted in several layers.
Which porch is better: glassed or open?
Used frequently closed porch for a private home. Photos of projects can be found on the Internet. Most often these are transparent structures made of metal and glass. The frame and piles are made of metal. The walls are made of glass. Roof similar design can be combined with a balcony on the second floor.
The glazed version is made with concrete foundation, canopy and ladder. The frame is made using corners. In this case, the corners are attached to the installed piles.
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A beautiful, reliable, comfortable, durable porch is impossible not to notice. It is possible to enter and exit the house only through a stepped extension outside. The porch is the homeowner’s calling card. Made of stone, wood or metal, it complements the exterior of the house and gives the building a finished look. Providing convenient passage into the home, it is also intended to protect the doorway from sun rays, rain streams and heavy snowfall.
As a rule, when developing a project for a new country house or cottage, the construction of a porch is provided. But sometimes, for some reason, a building is erected without arranging a porch, and after some time it becomes necessary to attach it with your own hands. At first glance, adding steps to the front door is a rather troublesome and complicated task. However, even beginner amateur builder.
Preparation and selection of material
A beautiful and practical porch to the door is built from stone and brick, concrete and wood. Original combinations of any material with forged elements fit harmoniously into the design of any country house. It is easier for a novice builder or homeowner without construction skills to build a porch at the dacha out of wood with his own hands, since wood can easily be processed, is relatively inexpensive and does not require complex skills. Wooden railings and the canopy, if desired, can be decorated with an exclusive carved pattern. Proper design of the porch Recommendations and drawings from the Internet help you for your home.
Gallery: wooden porch in a private house (25 photos)
Types of wooden structures
When starting to build a wooden porch, you need to understand that the structure must be strong and reliable. During daily use, the staircase to the entrance wears out much faster than the building itself. Most often, timber and boards made of larch, spruce or other coniferous wood are used to build a porch.
Structurally, there are several types of porches:
A properly selected wooden porch design emphasizes integrity architectural style and the attractiveness of a private building.
Laying the foundation
Laying durable and reliable foundation required for any building. A structure installed without a quality foundation warps, cracks and collapses. The choice of foundation for a porch is determined by several factors: the depth of groundwater, soil density, and climatic conditions. The main aspect is the size and weight of the structure. A massive, heavy porch made of brick or stone requires the construction of a strip or slab foundation, or a concrete pad. It is enough to install a light wooden porch on piles.
No problems arise when the foundation for the porch is cast simultaneously with the construction of the house. Otherwise, before building a porch, you need to decide how to make the base and whether to connect it to the house. When drawing up a project for an extension, its shape is determined: trapezoidal, radial, triangular or rectangular. And also the direction of the steps. There can be one flight of stairs, leading to the front door from two opposite or adjacent sides (at an angle), or having several flights.
Easy wooden stairs of several steps it is enough to install on a simple and inexpensive columnar foundation. To make the support of a wooden flight of stairs, use screw piles, concrete, monolithic or brick blocks, as well as asbestos-cement pipes reinforced with reinforcement and filled with concrete. Wooden piles, even impregnated with oil and antiseptic, will last much less. On any supports buried below the freezing level of the soil, a horizontal timber frame is mounted.
More complex and massive wooden porches are installed on concrete pad. To do this, a pit with a depth of 30 to 40 cm is dug according to the size of the porch and wooden formwork is installed. The bottom is covered with a 10 cm layer of sand, gravel or broken bricks and is filled with 3 cm of cement mortar. Then it is installed reinforcement cage and is poured concrete mixture from 1 part cement and 4 parts sand and crushed stone. The formation of voids will be prevented by piercing with a thin rod in several places. The surface is leveled and left until completely hardened for 7-10 days.
Essential elements
Today country houses Most often they are built from timber, laminated wood, rounded logs, gun carriages. Strong and durable porch wooden house You can build it entirely from wood or emphasize its naturalness with stone finishing.
A porch of any design consists of a horizontal platform and stairs:
Flights of stairs are installed on the sides slanted boards, bowstrings. The steps are attached to the bowstrings with dowels, screws, pins or installed in specially cut grooves. More durable and reliable designs with steps laid in special triangular cuts on the sidewalls. This type of bowstring stringer, is used more often.
The stringer can be simple stepped and more durable with “fillies”. All dimensions of the stringer must be measured with special care. To correctly cut this most complex structural element, it is recommended to make a stencil from thick cardboard or plywood. Boards for bowstrings are taken without cracks and knots, no thinner than 60 mm, with a width of 30 cm. For a span of more than 1 meter, it is recommended to install 3 bowstrings or stringers.
Porch assembly
A wooden porch will last longer if you follow certain rules:
- The wood must be properly dried. After sawing, it is recommended to sand or sand all structural elements;
- All parts require impregnation with an antiseptic before installation, protective agent from insects and a moisture-repellent solution.
The flight of stairs can be open, without installing a riser, or closed. To drain rainwater, treads can be installed with a slope of 1-2°. A stringer for a timber porch can be made of metal.
Stages of staircase assembly:
Assembly using the tongue-and-groove principle using waterproof glue is considered the most reliable.
Regular update paint coating maintains an attractive appearance.
It is easier for novice “dummies” builders to install treads on backing bars (breakers).
Roof attached porch can be installed as a canopy on columns or attached with a canopy to the wall of a building.