Protection fruit trees from pests and diseases - the most important procedure for garden care, which allows you to extend the life of plants, increase yields and increase the quality of fruits. Many gardeners understand this, and therefore often hear the question from them: when to treat trees?
The next treatment of the garden from pests and diseases is carried out already in early May, when fruit trees are at the green cone stage, that is, bunches of young leaves appear from the buds. Then spraying fruit trees in the spring is repeated 2 more times: first in mid-May at the stage of budding - swelling of flower buds, then at the end of May immediately after flowering and massive fall of the petals. The main goal of garden processing during this period is pest control (aphid, flower beetle, codling moth and others). At these stages of plant development, fruit pests become especially active and most vulnerable. The main preparations for spraying trees in May are insecticides and systemic fungicides in combination with carbamide (urea) and microfertilizers. Apple, pear, plum and cherry processing during the flowering period is not allowed because it can harm the bees.
Spraying the garden in summer carried out as necessary when signs of disease development or damage to trees by pests appear. At the same time, the number of treatments and the composition of the spray mixture depend on the type of pest or disease, as well as on the frequency of treatments recommended by the manufacturer of the drug. Not later than 2 weeks before ripening, when it is impossible to treat trees from pests for reasons of fruit safety for human health, spraying the garden must be interrupted for a while and can be resumed only after harvesting.
Last thing spraying the garden in autumn should be done in October after most of the leaves have fallen. autumn processing blue vitriol or Bordeaux liquid, as well as early spring spraying of trees, is a preventive measure against diseases.
Thus, answering the question: when to treat trees, we made a schedule for spraying the garden.
Schedule for spraying the garden from diseases and pests
- From the end of March to the beginning of May - early spring processing copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid plus spraying with urea (immediately after).
- Early May (green cone stage) - spraying against pests and diseases with insecticides and fungicides of systemic action, plus treatment with carbamide (urea) and microfertilizers.
- Mid-May (bud stage) - treatment of trees from diseases and pests with fungicides and insecticides of systemic action.
- End of May (after flowering) - spraying the garden from pests and diseases with systemic preparations, plus treatment with urea and micronutrient fertilizers.
- Summer and early autumn (excluding the period from the beginning of fruit ripening to harvest) - spraying with preparations from pests or diseases in combination with foliar top dressing as needed.
- October (after most of the foliage has fallen) - treatment with copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid.
Some gardeners seriously believe that the garden will bear fruit perfectly without special treatments from diseases and pests. This is not true! The infection is fast. First you lose in crops, then you lose trees. In the end, the whole garden may die. Real owner should know what needs to be done to protect fruit trees, berries from diseases and other misfortunes.
Insecticides are substances that kill insects or other small pests. The substances of these drugs are of three types - depending on the mode of their action. Contact insecticides kill pests on contact. These agents are used against sucking insects (aphids and bedbugs).
Insecticides applied to the leaves form a film that is poisonous to insects. They are used against leaf-eating caterpillars. These substances can be used after contact insecticides. Drawback: They are washed away by rain.
Systemic insecticides penetrate the plant and spread with cell sap to all parts of it. They are used against sucking insects and some caterpillars.
Fungicides are pesticides that are needed to combat disease-causing fungi. They are ineffective against bacterial infections. There are two main types of these funds, which are used depending on the nature and stage of the lesion. Preventive fungicides form a film on the plant surface that kills fungal spores. The first spraying is preferably carried out before signs of the disease appear.
Systemic fungicides penetrate the plant and are carried along with the juices. They are more effective than those of the preventive action, since they penetrate into all parts of the plant.
In the processing of the garden, I have my own system. In the spring, as soon as the snow melts (around the end of March), I spray the bushes of black and red currants, gooseberries. I use any insecticides (I buy the most inexpensive ones - Inta-vir, Decid, etc.). And before flowering, I spray the plants from diseases with a red solution of potassium permanganate, adding Topaz and iodine to it.
The main treatment is with the onset of swelling of the kidneys. I spray the crowns of fruit trees with a three percent solution of Bordeaux liquid. If it rains after that, repeat the treatment. After flowering I spend two or three protective treatments preparations "Horus", "Skor". They must be alternated.
At the first appearance of pests (aphids, caterpillars, beetles), it is recommended to spray trees and shrubs with a solution of one of the pesticides (Danadim, Iskra, Decis, Inta-vir). It is especially necessary to ensure that the plants are not captured by the sucker (a white worm with a black head, its length is 3 mm and thickness is 1 mm). The pest loves to live in the buds of flowers, sucking out their juice, which is why the flowers turn yellow and crumble. In most orchards, it is the sucker, and not the weevil, as they say in the books, that destroys the crop of apples and pears. To combat it, at the beginning and end (before blooming flowers) of budding, sprinkle the buds with one of the above preparations.
I want to warn you that with all spraying, it is necessary to add to the solution liquid soap(50-100 g per 10 liters of water) to form a good foam. This is done so that pesticides adhere better and are not washed off so quickly by rain, dew and fog.
At the first signs of the appearance of scab on apple and pear trees (brown and black spots on the leaves), they should be sprinkled with the Skor preparation. At the first signs of coccomycosis disease ( brown spots on the leaves of cherries and sweet cherries), clasterosporiasis (the same spots on the leaves of plums, cherry plums, apricots, terry almonds) or moniliosis (drying of flowers and twigs in stone fruits), plants should be sprinkled with copper-containing preparations, such as copper oxychloride or others.
When dealing with pests and diseases, the main thing is to follow two rules. It is necessary to start spraying at the first sign of diseases and pests, otherwise it will be difficult to cope with them. Be sure to add liquid soap to the solution.
So that the gooseberries do not get sick with powdery mildew, I spray the bushes once before and after flowering with a Topaz solution. If the plants have already begun to get sick with powdery mildew ( white coating on the branches, the ends of which turn black), then they must be sprayed every three days (at least five times) with a solution of the same drug. The affected ends of the branches must be cut off. If the disease reappears, then gooseberries should be treated until powdery mildew won't disappear forever. Nevertheless, every year in the spring it is necessary to process the bushes in the manner described above. Do not spray - get white, almost inedible berries.
Many residents of our country try to grow vegetables and fruits with their own hands on their own or rented plot, not trusting the quality of "overseas vitamins", richly flavored with various chemicals so that, despite their perfect look, not a single fly dares even sit next to it. But, unfortunately, all enthusiasm and mood are sharply reduced by pests and diseases that abundantly affect our garden pets and breadwinners. Will it be possible to save the harvest and get fruits from the garden High Quality, depends, first of all, on the gardeners themselves - processing trees in the spring helps to avoid losses due to pests and diseases - with a rational combination and timely implementation of agrotechnical, biological, chemical and mechanical methods of their destruction. Among these methods, one of the most important roles is played by the spring processing of fruit trees and berry bushes garden - from the moment the trees wake up to flowering and fruit set.
Why use chemicals
Application in spring chemicals against pests and diseases requires certain knowledge and skills. It often happens that the treatment of garden trees with pesticides in the spring is the only way to obtain healthy and tasty fruits and it has not yet been possible to completely abandon their use.
But, if drugs are used taking into account their impact on a specific harmful organism, moreover, at the most vulnerable stage of its development (and this is mainly in the spring), then the desired effect can be achieved and the number of sprayings can be reduced.
All chemicals for spraying against garden pests, they are divided into groups depending on which organisms they are used against:
- insecticides - against insects;
- acaricides - against ticks;
- fungicides - to combat pathogens of fungal diseases;
- bactericides - against bacterial infections fruit crops;
- antibiotics - from viroses - viral diseases;
- rodenticides (zoocides) - against rodents;
- nematocides - against nematodes;
- herbicides - to kill weeds.
Harmful insects and features of their development
But before giving detailed instructions(including video) about spring spraying of fruit trees from pests and diseases of the garden, we will briefly dwell on what are the most common pests and diseases that threaten fruit trees, when and under what circumstances their mass development and distribution is possible. And how can this stop the processing of garden trees in the spring.
With the development of agriculture and horticulture, many insects immediately moved from wild plants on cultivated ones, which they liked more, and their number is more than sufficient.
It turned out that many previously neutral insects turned into harmful ones, as they began to cause enormous damage to the crop.
Even in modern industrial fruit orchards, there is enough a large share a person gives fruits and berries to these small pests. They are numerous in species composition and differ in lifestyle. It makes no sense to enumerate - it will take more than one page. The most harmful species for garden trees: butterflies, flies, beetles, sawflies, aphids and mites (pictured and video).
By and large, almost all insects go through 4 stages of development (separate by 2 or 3 stages), and, in two of them, it harms the garden and vegetable garden:
- eggs and oviposition of pests;
- larvae and caterpillars are the most harmful stage, because at this stage of insect development, its main task is nutrition and growth;
- chrysalis;
- imago or adult insect - most species again actively feed in order to set and lay eggs.
Spray timing
Treatment fruit trees garden from pests and diseases is carried out in the spring in three stages:
- before bud break - green cone phase ( on the picture);
- before flowering - the phase of inflorescence advancement and isolation of buds, but, in no case with the beginning of flowering - bees and useful helpers will die;
- immediately after flowering, but not later than 5-7 days after its completion.
In some cases, another garden treatment is required in early summer to kill the second generation of aphids, mites and suckers.
| Insecticides | Pests | Number of treatments | |||||
| Shchitovki | Sawflies, weevils | leaf-gnawing | codling moth | Ticks | Aphid | ||
| Bi-30V, Bi-58 | + | + | + | + | + | 1 | |
| Danadim | + | + | + | 1 | |||
| Zolon | + | + | + | + | 2 | ||
| Confidor | + | + | 1 | ||||
| Fufanon | + | + | + | 2 | |||
| DNOC | + | + | + | + | 1 | ||
| Decis | + | + | 2 | ||||
| Mitak | + | 2 | |||||
| Sumition | + | + | 2 | ||||
| Shtafesin | + | 2 | |||||
| Demitan | + | 2 | |||||
Snails and slugs
Pests that can be destroyed by spring cultivation of the garden also include all-devouring snails and slugs, which, having multiplied in incredible quantities, can quickly destroy not only the crop current year, but also to bring the plants to death.
What to do?
From grape snails and slugs that eat berries and ripen stone fruits, there is only one chemical method: spraying with 3% Bordeaux mixture on a young leaf and sprinkling the earth near the trunks with special granules "Thunderstorm", "Slug Eater", which attract pests, and they die after such a "treat". The drug should be used every two weeks complete elimination these nasty animals. The drug for humans and animals is non-toxic. Or take banal ash with chalk and generously sprinkle the ground under the crown.
rodents
Another type of tree pests from the animal world is rodents: hares, mice, rats. They are voracious and multiply very quickly, and in favorable years for them - simply in catastrophic proportions. They feed on bark, young shoots and fruits of fruit trees. Such damage leads to the death of trees, especially in frosty winters. Rodents are most dangerous for young trees, in schools and nurseries.
What to do?
You can secure your garden in spring or at any other time of the year. spring whitewash trunks with a thick solution of slaked lime with the addition of Ratibor powder.
To prevent mice from climbing into the crown, the trunk must be tied with spruce branches or pine branches with needles down. Both thorns and a sharp coniferous smell repel unwanted freeloaders (on video).
Diseases of fruit crops and spring processing scheme
Even more harm to fruit and berry crops cause diseases, of which there are officially more than 1000. Conventionally, they are divided into several groups:
- infectious diseases (spotting, mosaic, dry top, gums, cancer, ulcers, bacterioses, etc.);
- viral (mosaic, necrosis, spotting);
- fungal (rot, mold, powdery mildew, mycoplasmas).
As a preventive measure and to combat diseases that have already arisen in the spring, treatment with fungicides is necessary, which, according to the nature of the impact, are divided into contact and systemic. Contact fungicides from diseases do not penetrate the plant and act on the pathogen in direct contact with it. That is, they can only have a preventive, proactive effect. Once a pathogen has invaded tissues, such fungicides can no longer act on it.
Systemic fungicides from diseases penetrate into the tissues of the plant and move through the vascular system in it. They render therapeutic effect, prevent general infection, destroying the causative agent of the disease. When choosing a drug for spring spraying against diseases, it is necessary to know the degree of its toxicity, the duration of action on harmful organisms and the allowable period last processing before harvest.
Below is a table of fungicides recommended for spring processing main fruit crops. Most often in the spring, our gardeners use spraying against diseases with the long-known and trouble-free Bordeaux mixture, or, as we call it, copper sulphate.
| Fungicide | ||||||