Professions in which women are prohibited from working. Ххvi

The Ministry of Labor will review and reduce the list of specialties to which female citizens of the Russian Federation are not allowed. What professions can be found on this list?

Since childhood, Masha dreamed of becoming the captain of a sea liner. The plastic steering wheel in the little girl’s hands turned into the steering wheel of a ship, and through old binoculars, inquisitive children’s eyes saw the shores of distant uncharted lands. The adults told Masha that her dream was impossible: “a girl on a ship means there will be trouble,” and this is not a woman’s business at all; only a man can cope with such hard and responsible work. But Masha did not give up. She lives in Russia, where people are equal and can occupy any position regardless of gender. She entered the naval school (on the third attempt, because in the previous two “they don’t accept girls”), she studied brilliantly and did an internship at sea. The teachers, who at first constantly sighed with sadness about her difficult lot and unborn children, have long ceased to perceive her only as a “girl.” The captain praised him and invited him to work with him after graduation. Masha passed her graduation state exams, received a red diploma, came to her captain... And ran into something familiar from childhood: “We don’t take girls.” The law prohibits. The captain would be happy to help, to ask for Masha, but he’s got his hands full, another flight is coming soon, and they’ve already tortured him with checks, and he won’t survive another one - an additional one, for Masha’s sake. So forgive me, Masha, this is not a woman’s business. Do something else.

Masha from our story, fortunately, does not exist, so there is no need to worry about her future fate. But the problem she faces is real. A woman in Russia really cannot engage in maritime professions, because they are included in a special List of Professions, the path to which is closed to women.

This list was compiled back in 1974 by the Soviet government and adopted by the Russian Federation on February 25, 2000 (RF Government Decree No. 162). It contains 456 titles " heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited.” It didn't seem to you. The list does not “strictly discourage”, leaving the employee and his employer the right and opportunity to decide for themselves whether they are willing to take the risk. It specifically “prohibits” the use of female labor in the named professions. With the help of such radical measures The state takes care of preserving the reproductive functions of a woman’s body, because hard work can negatively affect the ability to bear a healthy child. At the same time, there is no evidence of causing harm exclusively to the female body for any position on this list: most professions on the list are equally dangerous for both women and men. However, the work ban only applies to women.

But in our neighboring European Union, for example, they don’t care so much about women. European women are successfully mastering professions that were previously considered purely masculine, and it seems they have no intention of degenerating. Some professions in Europe have become so gender neutral that human rights activists have stopped collecting statistics on women's employment in the industry. No one will be surprised by a woman driving an excavator, for example.

But Russia and Europe began to fight discrimination against women at the same time, when they ratified the so-called. UN Women's Convention (“Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women”). The document came into force in 1981 and calls for achieving not just a gender-neutral attitude towards men and women, but, if necessary, taking measures to change existing laws, customs and traditions that hinder the elimination of any forms of discrimination. The Convention pays considerable attention to the problem of gender equality in employment, and any non-compliance with the provisions of the Convention is called discrimination on the basis of sex.

Currently, the Convention has been ratified by 189 countries, including the Russian Federation. Its provisions are supported by others government documents, for example, the Constitution and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. And yet, under equal conditions for the implementation of the provisions of the Convention for all countries that have signed it, in Russia there is still a List of Prohibited Professions, which the Ministry of Labor is not yet ready to abolish.

Here are just some professions that are available, for example, to citizens of the European Union, but are closed to women in Russian Federation:

• A carpenter. In Russia, women are prohibited from working as carpenters in construction, installation and repair works. construction work, while in Europe there is not even data on how many women are involved in this field.
• Cattle slaughterer. What many women do in villages may not be their official place of work. According to the Ministry of Labor, a woman cannot lift more than 10 kg per hour. It is worth noting that 10 kg is the weight of a two-year-old child, the number of times his mother can lift him at home is not regulated at the state level in any way.
• Driver of a regular bus. In Russia, a woman has the right to work only on a bus that runs within the city and has a capacity of no more than 14 people. Regular intercity buses for women are still closed.
• Truck driver and construction equipment driver. Even having the rights of the appropriate category will not save you. In Russia, a woman can become a truck driver only if she has great experience(often semi-legal).
• It is not easy for women in Russia to break into military professions. Formally, there are no gender restrictions in the army: Russian women can serve under the same conditions as men. True, the first tank crews of the Russian Federation, for example, began to be trained in the Amur region only in 2013; before that, women were only allowed to occupy non-combat professions: signalmen, medical personnel, and junior management. It’s surprising to see this in the country that gave birth to the world-famous Night Witches. However, the law modern Russia does not initially imply a gender division among military personnel, therefore special conditions(sanitary, for example), necessary for women, he does not take into account. In addition, the army prioritizes the offer of vacancies to male applicants. A vacancy will be offered to a female candidate only after a male candidate declines the position. In Europe, women started talking about serving on equal terms with men back during the First World War, but, unlike Soviet Union, left girls the right to serve on a voluntary basis, master the specialties they desire and take part in hostilities. Girls in Europe can be, for example, tank crews, sappers or snipers.
• Things are even more complicated for the already mentioned female sailors. Maritime schools and river technical schools accept all eligible applicants, regardless of their gender, but do not warn that after graduation it will be more difficult (if not practically impossible) for girls to occupy a position in accordance with their qualifications. It was the trade union of seafarers that began to seek a revision of the List of Prohibited Professions. Russian woman Svetlana Medvedeva, when, citing the state list, she was denied the position of mechanic-steering, turned to the UN for help. The commission considered Svetlana’s case to be discrimination, but the courts of the Russian Federation ignored this decision, stating that it “is not binding for Russia.”

However, female captains in Russian fleet still exist, but the attitude towards them leaves much to be desired. This is how sea captain Tatyana Sukhanova told the Meduza portal about her situation: “...it’s strange that in any port in the world I, a female captain, was greeted much more hospitably than in my native country. Even my friend from Arkhangelsk, sea captain Ekaterina Nemirova, as well as the famous captain Lyudmila Tibryaeva and female first mates note that on Far East male colleagues treat them incomparably harsher. Some are just trying to set you up.<…>If the foreign companies that represent these crewing companies found out that the captain is not hired just because she is a woman, they would lose their licenses.”

• But even European women have difficulties with the firefighting profession. There are no official restrictions on women working in this profession in the EU, but in practice female firefighters remain a rarity. In Sweden, for example, there are only 0.6% of all firefighters in the country. At the same time, many male firefighters in surveys noted that they would not want women to work with them, as this would “violate the atmosphere of brotherhood that helps them work harmoniously.” Perhaps we can be happy for Australia, where girls are actively recruited as volunteers to extinguish forest fires. The career ceiling for a citizen of the Russian Federation in the Ministry of Emergency Situations will be the position of a dispatcher. She will not be allowed to save people and put out fires.

• The best illustration of the regression of women's rights in Russia is the ban on working as a subway and electric train operator. Women were allowed to drive metro rolling stock during the Great Patriotic War due to the shortage of male machinists in the city, and successfully coped with their profession right up to Perestroika. There were even special women's brigades in the metro. But in the eighties, the USSR government decided that only a man could drive an electric train, and women began to slowly survive from the subway. Now women are not only prohibited from driving a train, they cannot even hold the position of assistant driver. The last female machinist in Russia was an employee of the Moscow metro, Natalya Vladimirovna Kornienko, who retired just a couple of years ago. Nowadays there are no female typists in the metro.

But European statistics show that the number of women driving trains has only increased over the years. The slow increase is not explained by discrimination, but by the peculiarities of the profession: many machinists chose their specialty, following in the footsteps of their fathers, and are very reluctant to leave their jobs. According to forecasts, with the development of the transport system, the number of women in the industry will only increase.

A complete list of professions can be found in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 162. The list includes professions that require brute strength (the girl, according to the Ministry of Labor, does not have sufficient physical abilities to work in a logging camp), and in which there is a need to constantly keep in mind large volume instructional provisions while constantly monitoring the current situation (it is for this reason that a woman cannot be an electric train driver).

But working conditions have long changed. Special equipment allows for a minimum of physical effort in construction work, safety measures have long stopped all kinds of leaks of such chemicals dangerous to the “female reproductive function,” and numerous studies have proven that the memory and analytical abilities of the brain do not depend in any way on the gender of its owner. However, the Ministry of Labor agreed only to review and possibly reduce the list of prohibited professions. Abandon it completely, despite successful Foreign experience, the authorities are not ready “at the conceptual level.” So the Russian Masha, unlike her French friend Marie, will have to fight for a long time for the opportunity to sail her ship to distant shores.

Over the past hundred years, the struggle of feminists for women's rights has practically equalized the weaker sex with the stronger half of humanity in all spheres of life. Now women “stop a galloping horse” and enter “burning huts”, trying to be in no way inferior to men. In accordance with Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, men and women have equal rights and opportunities for their implementation. However, when applying for a job, there is a list of restrictions for women, consisting of 456 items of prohibited professions. “The list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited,” was adopted by the Russian government on February 25, 2000, signed by the Chairman of the Government V.V. Putin.

GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ABOUT APPROVAL OF THE LIST


USE OF WOMEN'S LABOR

In accordance with Article 10 of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals
labor protection in the Russian Federation" (Collection of legislation
Russian Federation, 1999, N 29, art. 3702) government
The Russian Federation decides:
Approve the attached list of heavy work and work with
harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which
The use of women's labor is prohibited.

Chairman of the Government
Russian Federation
V. PUTIN

Approved
Government Decree
Russian Federation
dated February 25, 2000 N 162

SCROLL
HEAVY WORK AND WORK WITH HARMFUL OR DANGEROUS
WORKING CONDITIONS, WHEN IMPLEMENTATION OF WHICH IS PROHIBITED
USE OF WOMEN'S LABOR

I. Lifting and moving work
lifting weights by hand

1. Work related to lifting and moving heavy objects
manually, if the established standards are exceeded,

manually

II. Underground works

2. Underground work in the mining industry and
construction of underground structures, with the exception of work
performed by women holding leadership positions and not
performing physical work; women engaged in sanitary and
household services; women undergoing training and
admitted to internship in the underground parts of the organization;
women who must descend from time to time into the underground
parts of the organization to perform non-physical work
(list of positions of managers, specialists and others

allowed, as an exception, the use of female labor,
is given in paragraph 2 of the notes to this list)

III. Metalworking

Foundry work

workers:
3. Cupola maker
4. Casting beater engaged in manual knocking
5. Charge loader in cupolas and furnaces, engaged in loading charge
manually
6. Casting welder
7. Metal pourer
8. Chopper working with pneumatic tools
9. Melter of metal and alloys
10. Workers engaged in hanging hot castings on the conveyor and
maintenance and repair of equipment in foundry tunnels

Welding work

11. Gas welder and electric welder of manual welding, working in
closed containers (cisterns, boilers, etc.), as well as at high altitudes
communication structures (towers, masts) over 10 meters and steeplejacks
works

Boiler rooms, cold forming, drawing
and pressing works

Work performed by profession:
12. Boilermaker
13. A turner on turning machines, busy at work
manually
14. A chaser engaged in work with a manual pneumatic
tool

Forging, pressing and thermal works

Work performed by profession:
15. A bandage worker engaged in hot work
16. A spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs
from wire with a diameter of over 10 mm
17. Roller busy rolling out rings while hot
18. Spring operator at hot metal processing

Metal coating and painting

19. Sealing inside caisson tanks
20. Full time job for hot lead plating (not
galvanic)

Metalwork and metalwork - assembly works

Work performed by profession:
21. Driller - pneumatic doing the work
a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the worker’s hands
22. Mechanic - repairman, busy:
adjustment of equipment in workshops and departments: hot-rolling,
etching, enameling, insulation using
organosilicon varnishes, lead coating in cable production;
on hot repairs of selenium and shoeing machines
(equipment);
setting up equipment in workshops and preparation departments and
application of organosilicon varnishes and varnishes containing 40 and
more than percent of toluene, xylene;
repair of equipment in closed fuel warehouses and
oil facilities at thermal power plants, as well as repair
equipment in tunnels and heating chambers in thermal
networks;
maintenance of water jacket furnaces in the production of color
metals and alloys;
adjustment and repair of chill molds in a hot state;
directly in the workshops: milling, lubricating,
forming, foundry, pipe-filling, gleymixing and
assembly in the production of lead batteries;
repair of technological equipment at engine testing stations
stations, running on leaded gasoline and located in
boxes

Working with lead

23. Smelting, casting, rolling, broaching and stamping
lead products, as well as lead plating of cables and soldering of lead
batteries

IV. Construction, installation
and repair and construction work

24. Hot repair of furnaces and boiler furnaces
25. Uprooting stumps
26. Fastening structures and parts using construction materials
- mounting gun
27. Slab breaking works, dismantling of buildings and structures
28. Punching holes (grooves, niches, etc.) in concrete,
reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and with
using pneumatic tools

Work performed by profession:
29. Fixture worker employed at manual installation frames, manual,
bending machines and shears
30. Asphalt concrete worker, asphalt concrete worker - welder, employed at
working manually
31. Hydraulic monitor
32. A digger engaged in sinking wells
33. A mason working on the laying of a modular
solid sand-lime brick
34. Roofer for steel roofs
35. Caisson operator - operator, caisson operator - tunneler, caisson operator -
mechanic, caisson worker - electrician
36. Motor grader operator
37. Asphalt dispenser driver, pit driver
38. Concrete pump operator, driver
bitumen melting mobile unit
39. Bulldozer driver
40. Grader-elevator driver
41. Operator of a mobile asphalt concrete mixer
42. Asphalt concrete paver operator
43. Single-bucket excavator operator, excavator operator
rotary (ditch and trench)
44. Operator of a mobile electric welding unit with
internal combustion engine
45. A mobile power plant operator working on
power plants with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 150
hp and more
46. ​​Communications installer - antenna operator, busy with work on high
47. Installer for installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures
when working at heights and steeplejack operations
48. Lead solder (lead solder)
49. Carpenter
50. A mechanic is a plumber engaged in sewer repairs
networks
51. Pipe laying of industrial reinforced concrete pipes
52. Pipe laying industrial brick pipes

V. Mining operations

Open pit mining and surface mining
and mines and mines under construction, enrichment, agglomeration,
briquetting

Work performed in general mining and
mining works:
53. Hole driller
54. Detonator, master - detonator
55. Miner for fire prevention and extinguishing
56. Delivery of fastening materials to the mine
57. Fastener
58. Blacksmith - drilling refueling operator
59. Drilling rig operator
60. Loader driver
61. Machine operator for drilling full-section mine shafts
62. Excavator operator
63. Tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling away of trolleys
64. Miner
65. The stemman, busy manually feeding trolleys into the cage
way
66. Cleaner busy cleaning bins
67. Electrician (fitter) on duty and for repairs
equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment,
mechanisms, water and air lines in mining operations
Works performed in general enrichment professions,
agglomeration, briquetting and certain categories of workers:
68. A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in
alumina production
69. A roaster engaged in the process of firing raw materials and
materials in mercury production
70. Workers and foremen of processing and crushing plants -
sorting plants, mines, mines and metallurgical
enterprises engaged in crushing, grinding, grinding
and mixing of ores of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals, fluoride
spar and coal, which generate dust containing 10 percent
and more free silicon dioxide when working manually
71. Workers employed in lead enrichment shops
72. Workers and craftsmen engaged in the enrichment of niobium
(loparite) ores

Construction of subways, tunnels and underground
special purpose structures

Work performed by profession:
73. Mining equipment installer
74. Miner at surface works

Ore mining

Work performed by profession:
75. Placer miner
76. Bit refueler
77. Drager
78. Dredge sailor
79. Dredge driver
80. Rocket launcher operator

Extraction and processing of peat

Work performed by profession:
81. Ditchman
82. Groomer
83. Operator of machines for the extraction and processing of sod peat
84. Operator of machines for preparing peat deposits for
operation
85. Peat excavator operator
86. A peat worker engaged in felling trees on the pavement
peat bricks

Processing of brown coals and ozokerite ores

Work performed by profession:
87. Mountain wax production operator
88. Ozokerite and ozokerite products production operator
89. Crusher
90. Briquette press operator
91. Filling machine operator

VI. Geological exploration
and topographical and geodetic works

Work performed by profession:
92. Detonator, master - detonator
93. Installer of geodetic signs
94. Electrician (fitter) on duty and for repairs
field equipment

VII. Drilling of the wells

Work performed by profession:
95. Driller for production and exploration drilling of wells
for oil and gas
96. Vyshkomontazhnik, vyshkomontazhnik - welder, vyshkomontazhnik -
electrician
97. Drilling rig operator
98. Well cementing operator
99. Mechanic of a cementing unit, mechanic of a cement -
sand mixing unit
100. Pipe crimper
101. Assistant production and exploration driller
drilling wells for oil and gas (first)
102. Assistant production and exploration driller
drilling wells for oil and gas (second)
103. Drilling mud preparer engaged in preparing
solution manually
104. Drilling rig maintenance mechanic, directly employed
on drilling rigs
105. A mechanic is a repairman engaged in repairing a drilling rig.
equipment
106. Tool joint installer
107. Electrician for drilling rig maintenance

VIII. Mining of oil and gas

Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
108. Driller overhaul wells
109. Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
110. Mobile steam dewaxing operator
installations
111. Mobile compressor operator
112. Lift operator
113. Washing unit operator
114. Hydraulic fracturing operator
115. Operator for preparing wells for capital and
underground repairs
116. Underground well repair operator
117. Well chemical treatment operator
118. Assistant driller for major workover of wells
119. Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
120. Workers, managers and specialists who are constantly employed
underground oil production
121. Mechanic for installation and repair of foundations of offshore drilling and
overpasses
122. A mechanic is a repairman engaged in installation and maintenance
technological equipment and oilfield repair
equipment
123. Electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment engaged in maintenance and repair
technological equipment

IX. Ferrous metallurgy

124. Ladle worker working with molten metal
125. A metal heater engaged in work in methodological,
chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production
126. Processor of surface defects of metal, employed at
working with pneumatic tools

Blast furnace production

Work performed by profession:
127. Top blast furnace
128. Blast Furnace Plumber
129. Blast furnace hearth
130. Car driver - scales
131. Skipova

Steelmaking

Work performed by profession:
132. Filling machine operator
133. Mixerova
134. Block stuffer
135. Furnace reduction of iron and annealing of iron powders
136. Melter of deoxidizers
137. Converter steelmaker's helper
138. Helper of the open-hearth furnace steelmaker
139. Helper of a steelmaker at an electroslag remelting installation
140. Electric furnace steelmaker's helper
141. Steel pourer
142. Converter steelmaker
143. Open hearth furnace steelmaker
144. Steelmaker of electroslag remelting plant
145. Electric furnace steelmaker

Rolling production

Work performed by profession:
146. Hot rolling mill roller
147. Pitch cook
148. Hot rolling mill operator's helper
149. Presser - stitcher of rail fastenings
150. A mechanic is a conductor employed in a long rolling mill
production

Pipe production

Work performed by profession:
151. Calibrating mill roller
152. Roller of a hot pipe rolling mill
153. Roller of a furnace pipe welding mill
154. Roller of a cold pipe rolling mill
155. Roller of a pipe forming mill
156. Pipe drawer employed in non-mechanized mills
157. Pipe calibrator on a press
158. Blacksmith on hammers and presses
159. Helper of a rolling mill for hot rolling of pipes
160. Helper of the roller of a cold pipe rolling mill

Ferroalloy production

Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
161. Forge of ferroalloy furnaces
162. A smelter engaged in smelting and granulating molten
vanadium pentoxide
163. Ferroalloy smelter
164. Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open
arc furnaces
165. Workers engaged in the production of metallic chromium and
chromium-containing alloys by aluminothermic method

Coke production

166. Work related to direct employment in
benzene production, hydrotreating and rectification

167. Barilletchik
168. Door
169. Crusher
170. Luke
171. Scrubber - pump operator engaged in servicing phenolic
installations in the coking products recovery shop
172. A mechanic is a repairman engaged in servicing coke ovens.
batteries

X. Non-ferrous metallurgy

Work performed in general professions:
173. Anode pourer engaged in pouring anode bottom sections
in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon
174. Installer repairing bathtubs, engaged in drilling
recesses for the cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin
and silicon
175. Melter
176. Calcifier
177. Mechanic - repairman, electrician for repairs and
maintenance of electrical equipment, engaged in the main
metallurgical shops
178. Sinterer
179. A charger working at furnaces in the production of tin

Production of non-ferrous and rare metals,
production of non-ferrous metal powders

180. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
workshops (departments and areas) for the production of tetrachloride
titanium (tetrachloride)
181. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
loparite concentrate chlorination workshops
182. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
workshops (departments and areas) for the recovery of tetrachloride and
metal separation in the production of titanium metal
183. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
departments (in areas) of chlorination and rectification of titanium
raw materials (slag)
184. Work performed by workers employed in the department
processing of slag by sublimation in a fuming installation in
tin production
185. Work performed by workers employed in smelting plants
workshops, as well as for processing cinders in the production of mercury

Work performed by profession:
186. Anode operator in aluminum production
187. Titanium sponge knocker
188. Pourer - metal pourer
189. Cathode
190. Converter
191. Capacitor
192. Installer of reaction apparatus, engaged in installation and
dismantling baths and furnaces, repairing and restoring reaction
devices
193. Mercury chopper
194. Pechevoy in the production of zinc dust
195. Pechevoy on Welzkilns
196. Pechevoy on the reduction and distillation of titanium and rare
metals
197. Furnace for the recovery of nickel powder
198. Furnace for processing titanium-containing and rare earth minerals
materials
199. Electrolyte bath sludge operator, engaged in manual cleaning of baths
way
200. Molten salt electrolyser

Pressure processing of non-ferrous metals

201. Work performed by a hot metal roller employed
for rolling non-ferrous metals and their alloys

Aluminum production by electrolytic method

202. Work performed by workers and craftsmen

Alumina production

203. Work performed by a material handler operator employed at
renovation work in hard to reach places pneumatic and
hydraulic material handlers

XI. Repair of power plant equipment and networks

Work performed by profession:
204. Electrician for repair of overhead power lines,
engaged in steeplejack repair work high voltage lines
power transmission
205. Electrician for repair and installation of cable lines,
employed in the repair of cable glands with lead litharge and soldering
lead cable sleeves and sheaths

XII. Abrasives production

Work performed by profession:
206. Balancer - pourer abrasive wheels, busy
pouring lead into abrasive products
207. Bulldozer operator engaged in hot dismantling of furnaces
resistance in the production of abrasives
208. Melter of abrasive materials
209. Podina worker employed in the corundum workshop
210. Resistance furnace disassembler working in the workshop
silicon carbide production

XIII. Electrical production

Work performed in general professions:
211. Mercury distiller
212. Molder of mercury rectifiers performing work with
open mercury

Electrocoal production

213. Work performed by workers on pitch smelting

Cable production

Work performed by profession:
214. Lead or aluminum cable crimper, occupied
hot lead crimping
215. Remover of sheaths from cable products, engaged in filming
only lead casings

Production of chemical power sources

Work performed by profession:
216. Foundry worker of lead alloy products
217. Dry mass mixer (for lead batteries)
218. Melter of lead alloys
219. Battery plate cutter engaged in stamping -
separating formed lead plates

XIV. Radio engineering and electronic production

Work performed by profession:
220. Tester of parts and devices engaged in testing
devices in thermobaric chambers at a temperature of +28 degrees. From and above and
-60 degrees C and below, provided you are directly in them
221. Caster of magnets on furnaces - crystallizers
222. Melter of shopalloy and bismuth

XV. Production and repair aircraft

Work performed by profession:
223. Aircraft engine repairman and maintenance mechanic
units engaged in the repair of motors and units operating on
leaded gasoline

XVI. Shipbuilding and ship repair

Work performed by profession:
224. Reinforcement worker of reinforced concrete ships, busy working on
vibrating tables, vibrating platforms, cassette installations and with manual
vibrators
225. Ship bender engaged in hot bending
226. Boilermaker
227. Painter, ship insulator, engaged in painting work in
tanks, second bottom areas, warm boxes and others
hard-to-reach areas of ships, as well as during cleaning work
old paint in the indicated areas of the vessels
228. Coppermaker for the manufacture of ship products, employed at
hot jobs
229. Ship carpenter working in closed compartments of ships
230. Workers of the delivery team at mooring, factory and
state tests
231. A ship's hewer engaged in work with manual
pneumatic tool
232. Metal ship hull assembler, employed at
sectional, block and slipway assembly of surface vessels with
constantly combining your work with an electric potholder,
gas cutting and manual pneumatic metal processing
tools, as well as for ship repairs
233. Mechanic - mechanic for testing installations and equipment,
engaged in the adjustment and testing of marine diesel engines in closed
premises and inside ships
234. Fitter - ship assembler, engaged in installation inside
ships during repairs
235. A mechanic is a ship repairman engaged in work inside ships
236. Shipbuilder - repairman
237. Ship rigger
238. Ship's pipefitter

XVII. Chemical production

Work performed in chemical production by profession and
certain categories of workers:
239. Melting operator engaged in smelting and refining
pitch
240. Steamer engaged in tearing - steaming rubber

Production of inorganic products

Calcium carbide production

241. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
furnaces and manual crushing of carbide

Phosgene production

242. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of mercury and its compounds

243. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages, except for production with remote
management

Production of yellow phosphorus

244. Workers, shift managers and specialists,
directly involved in the maintenance of mine slot furnaces,
roasting and sintering furnaces, fines granulation plants, in
departments of electric sublimation of phosphorus, on filling phosphorus
tanks, maintenance of storage tanks of phosphorus, phosphorus
sludge, sludge distillation and processing of fire-liquid slags

Phosphorus trichloride production
and phosphorus pentasulfide

245. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of chlorine using the mercury method

246. Workers engaged in technological stages

Production of liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide

247. Workers engaged in technological stages

Carbon disulfide production

248. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in
departments: retort and condensation

Work with fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and fluorides

249. Workers, managers and specialists (except for work
performed in laboratories using hydrofluoric acid and
fluorides)

Production of arsenic and arsenic compounds

250. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of silicon tetrachloride

251. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of technical iodine

252. Workers engaged in squeezing iodine

Production of organic products

Production of benzathrone and its chlorine
and bromo derivatives, vilontron

253. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of aniline, paranitroaniline,
aniline salts and fluxes

254. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of benzidine and its analogues

255. Workers, managers, specialists and other employees,
employed directly in production and at the dissolution station
specified products

Production of carbon tetrachloride,
golovaksa, rematol, sovol

256. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of chloropicrin

257. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of catalysts containing arsenic

258. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of ziram, mercury
and arsenic-containing pesticides

259. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Chloroprene production

260. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of chloroprene rubber and latex

261. Workers engaged in technological stages of polymerization
and product isolation

Production of ethyl liquid

262. Workers, managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production of benzene, toluene, xylene

263. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Paint and varnish production

Production of lead litharge and red lead, lead
crowns, whitewash, lead green and Yarmedyanka

264. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages

Production chemical fibers and threads

265. Regeneration operator engaged in regeneration
carbon disulfide

Production of fiberglass-based products
synthetic resins (phenol-formaldehyde,
epoxy, polyester unsaturated resins)

266. Operators engaged in contact molding
large-sized products with an area of ​​1.5 square meters. m or more

Production of medicines, medical, biological
drugs and materials

Antibiotic production

267. Filtration operator engaged in disassembling and assembling a filter
- presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manually

Obtaining morphine from raw opium

268. Filtration operator engaged in disassembly and assembly
filter - presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manually

Androgen production

269. Operator for producing synthetic hormones, busy
obtaining testosterone preparations and its derivatives

XVIII. Production and processing of rubber compounds

Work performed by profession:
270. Vulcanizer engaged in loading and unloading products into
boilers over 6 meters long, vulcanization of propeller shafts
271. Rubber mixer operator
272. Workers employed in the departments: cold vulcanization,
production of radol and facts
273. Repairer of rubber products engaged in manufacturing
and repair of large rubber parts and products,
vulcanization of reinforced parts (large tires, rubber
fuel tanks, reservoirs, conveyor belts, etc.)

Production, retreading and repair of tires

274. Work performed by a vulcanizer, tire collector
(heavy duty)

XIX. Oil, gas, shale and coal processing, production
synthetic petroleum products, petroleum oils and lubricants

Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
275. Coke cleaner
276. Coke unloader
277. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological installations for gasoline leading
278. Workers employed in extraction shops and departments
production of aromatic hydrocarbons
279. Workers engaged in the preparation of arsenic solutions at
purification of sulfur-containing petroleum gas

XX. Logging work and timber rafting

Logging work

280. Loading and unloading of round timber (for
excluding balance sheets, mining stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)
281. Stacking of round timber (except
pulpwood, mining stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)
Work performed by profession:
282. Forest feller
283. A lumberjack engaged in felling, bucking logs and
hilling longitudes, chopping firewood, harvesting and cutting stump
tar, as well as wood harvesting using manual
tools
284. Navalshchik - a timber piler engaged in the creation
interoperational and seasonal stocks of logs and trees, loading
trees, logs and round timber (except
pulpwood, mining stand and firewood up to 2 meters long) on
timber rolling stock and unloading them, performing work
manually
285. Chokerer

Timber rafting

Work performed by profession:
286. Raftsman
287. Rigger engaged in loading and unloading rigging
288. Raft shaper

XXI. Production of pulp, paper,
cardboard and products made from them

Work performed by profession:
289. Operator for the preparation of chemical solutions, employed at
dissolving chlorine
290. Impregnation operator engaged in production
anti-corrosion and inhibited paper
291. Cooker of fibrous raw materials
292. Pulp cook
293. Woodpair
294. Pyrite crusher
295. Loader of balances into defibrators
296. Loader of pyrites, sulfur furnaces and turmas
297. Sulphate loader
298. Acid
299. Mixer
300. Acid tank liner
301. Fiber sawmill
302. Impregnator of paper and paper products, engaged in impregnation
fiber
303. Sulfurous acid regenerator
304. Mechanic - repairman, lubricator, cleaner of industrial and
office premises, electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment involved in the production of sulfite pulp and
sulfurous acid
305. Sodaman
306. Dryer of a paper-making (cardboard-making) machine,
employed in high-speed paper and board mills
machines operating at speeds of 400 or more meters per minute
307. Chlorine man

XXII. Cement production

308. Work performed by workers cleaning sludge
pools and chatterboxes

XXIII. Stone processing and production
stone foundry products

Work performed by profession:
309. Stone casting pourer
310. Stonemaker
311. Stonecutter
312. Mill operator busy breaking diabase crushed stone in
powder
313. Stone processing equipment operator
314. Stone sawyer
315. Stone miller

XXIV. Production of reinforced concrete
and concrete products and structures

316. Work as a carver of concrete and reinforced concrete products

XXV. Production of thermal insulation materials

Work performed by profession:
317. Bitumen worker
318. Cupola maker

XXVI. Production of soft roofing
and waterproofing materials

319. Work performed by the digester loader

XXVII. Production of glass and glass products

Work performed by profession:
320. Quartz blower (except for those engaged in the manufacture of products with a diameter
up to 100 mm and wall thickness up to 3 mm)
321. Quartz smelter
322. Mirror dyer working with mercury
323. Batch compiler engaged in manual work using
red lead
324. Halmovschik

XXVIII. Textile and light industry

Work performed in general textile manufacturing professions:
325. The operator of sizing equipment engaged in
non-mechanized lifting and removal of rollers
326. Locksmith - a plumber engaged in cleaning sewer lines
trenches and wells

Primary processing of cotton

327. Work as a press operator

Penko - jute production

328. Work as a fiber preparer engaged in breaking bales
jute

Wool production

Work performed by profession:
329. Washer of technical cloths
330. Assistant foreman employed in a weaving workshop in production
cloth

Fulling - felt production

Work performed by profession:
331. Fuller engaged in the production of dense felts
332. Shoe fitter engaged in manual work
333. Shoe remover from lasts, busy removing felted shoes
manually

Tanning and leather production

334. Loading and unloading large leather raw materials and
semi-finished products in tanning, dyeing and fatliquor drums
335. Transportation, unloading and loading of large leather goods
raw materials and semi-finished products manually in the soaking and ash workshops
tanneries
Work performed by profession:
336. Fleshman engaged in edging large leathers on blocks
manually, for fleshing and breaking down large leather raw materials
337. Leather roller engaged in rolling large and hard leathers
on the skating rinks
338. Leather cutter
339. Sorter of products, semi-finished products and materials, busy
sorting of large leather raw materials
340. Cleaner of products, semi-finished products and materials, employed
cleaning large leathers and large hides on logs
manually

Production of leather shoes

341. Work as a molder of parts and products working on machines
type "Anklepf"

XXIX. Food industry

342. Baling waste from corrugated packaging production
Work performed in general food production occupations
products:
343. Diffusion operator servicing diffusers
periodic action when loading manually
344. Ice harvester engaged in harvesting ice in reservoirs and
laying it out in riots
345. Bone charcoal maker
346. Cleaning machine operator engaged in disassembly
separators manually

Production of meat products

Work performed by profession:
347. Livestock fighter engaged in operations of stunning, picking up,
bleeding of large and small ruminants and pigs;
evisceration, manual removal of cattle hides;
sawing up carcasses; scalds and scorches of pork carcasses and heads; carcass processing
cattle horizontally
348. Skin peeler
349. Skin processor

Fish extraction and processing

350. All types of work in the field, prospecting and receiving areas -
transport sea vessels, with the exception of sea floating vessels
crabfish canneries, fish processing bases, large
freezing fishing trawlers and marine refrigerated vessels,
where women's work is allowed in all jobs, excluding work
(professions, positions) specified in sections XXXII "Marine
transport" and XXXIII" River transport" of this list
351. Manually turning barrels of fish
Work performed by profession:
352. Loader - unloader of food products employed at
loading grids with canned food into autoclaves manually
353. Processor of sea animals, engaged in fleshing skins
sea ​​beast
354. Fish processor engaged in pouring and unloading fish
manually from vats, chests, ships, slots and other navigable
containers; mixing fish in salting vats by hand
355. Presser - a food product squeezer employed in
pressing (squeezing) fish in barrels by hand
356. Receiver of watercraft
357. Coastal fisherman engaged in manual casting
seines, ice fishing with cast seines, fixed nets and
venteri

Bakery production

358. Work performed by a dough maker employed in a dough mixing plant
machines with rolling bowls with a capacity of over 330 liters at
moving them manually

Tobacco - makhorka and fermentation production

359. Work performed by an auxiliary worker employed
transportation of bales of tobacco

Perfume and cosmetic production

360. Work performed by a worker engaged in grinding
mercury amidochloride

Extraction and production of table salt

Work performed by profession:
361. Salt piler in swimming pools
362. Pool preparer
363. Track worker on the lake

XXX. Rail transport and metro

Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
364. Battery worker repairing lead batteries
365. The driver of the handcar and his assistant, working for

366. Freight train conductor
367. Fireman of steam locomotives in the depot
368. Diesel train driver and his assistant
369. A locomotive driver and his assistant working for
broad gauge railway lines
370. Locomotive driver and his assistant
371. Diesel locomotive driver and his assistant
372. Traction unit operator and his assistant
373. Electric locomotive driver and his assistant
374. Electric train driver and his assistant
375. Track fitter (if the established standards are exceeded, the maximum
permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects
manually)
376. Porter engaged in moving luggage and hand luggage
377. Inspector - wagon repairman
378. Puncher - pipe blower
379. Conductor for escorting cargo and special wagons, busy
escorting cargo on open rolling stock
380. Locomotive boiler cleaner
381. Impregnator of lumber and wood products, engaged
on impregnation using oil antiseptics
382. Car speed controller
383. Rolling stock repairman performing
works:
for repairing fittings on steam locomotives when washing them warmly;
in fire and smoke boxes;
for purging the bottom and gutters of electric rolling stock and
diesel locomotives with electric transmission;
for disassembling, repairing and assembling drainage devices and
safety valves, for inspection and filling of drain valves
devices in tanks containing petroleum products and chemical products
384. Train compiler, assistant train compiler
385. Contact line electrician employed at
electrified railways work at height
386. Workers loading asbestos waste, constantly
working in a ballast quarry of asbestos waste

XXXI. Automobile transport

Work performed by profession:
387. Car driver working on a bus with a quantity
more than 14 places (except for those employed at intra-factory, intra-city,
suburban transportation and transportation in rural areas V
within one day shift, subject to non-involvement
maintenance and repair of the bus)
388. Car driver working on a car
with a carrying capacity of over 2.5 tons (except for those employed on
intra-factory, intra-city, suburban transportation and
transportation in rural areas within one day shift,
subject to non-involvement in maintenance and execution
truck repair)
389. Car repair mechanic performing manual washing
parts of a car engine running on leaded gasoline
390. Car repair mechanic engaged in running-in
engine using leaded gasoline
391. Fuel equipment mechanic employed in motor vehicles
repairing fuel equipment of carburetor engines,
running on leaded gasoline

XXXII. Sea transport

392. Coastal boatswain, coastal sailor, senior sailor
coastal (with the exception of those working at passenger berths
local and suburban lines)
393. The fireman of the ship and the boiler operator engaged in maintenance
boilers on ships and cranes, regardless of type
fuel burned in boilers
394. Cranmaster and his assistant
395. Crane operator (crane operator) employed on a floating crane, and
his assistant
396. Machinery command staff (mechanics, electromechanics and
others) and the machine team (machinists, mechanics, electricians,
turners and mechanics of all types and others) of ships of all types
fleet
397. Deck crew (boatswain, skipper, mate and
sailors of all types) of ships of all types of fleet, as well as
floating cleaning stations, docks, floating grain reloaders,
cement, coal and other dust-producing cargo
398. Workers of complex teams and loaders employed in
loading and unloading operations in ports and piers
399. Crew members of all types of fleet, combining work on
two positions of deck and engine personnel

XXXIII. River transport

Work performed by profession and position:
400. Loaders, dockers - machine operators (except for dockers -
machine operators who constantly work as crane operators, drivers
intra-port transport and workers servicing machines and
continuous action mechanisms for cargo processing, for
excluding substances belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2)
401. Ship stoker employed on ships operating on solid
fuel
402. Sailors of all types of passenger and
cargo-passenger ships (except for hydrofoils
and planing, as well as vessels operating on intracity and
suburban lines), dredgers, dredgers and mixed vessels
"river - sea" swimming
403. Crane operator (crane operator) working on a floating crane
404. Engine crew of ships of all types of fleet, as well as members
crews of ships of all types of fleet, combining work in two
deck and engine positions

XXXIV. civil Aviation

Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
405. Aviation mechanic (technician) for airframe and engines,
aviation mechanic (technician) for instruments and electrical equipment,
aviation mechanic (technician) for radio equipment, aviation
parachute and rescue technician (mechanic)
means, aviation technician for fuels and lubricants,
engineer directly involved in maintenance
aircraft (helicopters)
406. A porter engaged in moving luggage and hand luggage into
airports
407. Gas station operator busy refueling
aircraft with leaded gasoline, as well as refueling
special vehicles with leaded gasoline
408. Workers engaged in cleaning and repairs inside fuel tanks
gas turbine aircraft tanks
409. Workers engaged in preparing bitumen and repairing the runway
- landing strips and taxiways (filling of joints) at airfields

XXXV. Connection

410. Operation and maintenance
radio equipment and communication equipment on high-rise buildings
(towers, masts) over 10 m high, not equipped with elevators

XXXVI. Printing production

Work related to the use of lead alloys

411. Work on casting operations and finishing of the stereotype
Work performed by profession:
412. Printing equipment adjuster employed at
areas of casting stereotypes, type, typesetting and whitespace
materials
413. Caster
414. Stereotyper

Gravure printing workshops

415. Work in the gravure printing department (except
acceptance and packaging of finished products)
416. Work performed by an intaglio plate etcher

XXXVII. Production of musical instruments

417. Peeling and cleaning of cast iron frames of pianos and grand pianos on
abrasive wheels
418. Work Performed by Wind Parts Manufacturer
instruments engaged in the manufacture of parts for brass instruments
tools

XXXVIII. Agriculture

419. Performing operations in crop production, livestock production,
poultry farming and fur farming using toxic chemicals and pesticides
and disinfectants (under 35 years of age)
420. Servicing bulls - sires, stallions -
producers, boars
421. Loading and unloading of animal corpses, confiscated goods and
pathological material
422. Work in wells, slurry tanks and tanks,
silos and haylage towers
423. Work as tractor drivers - agricultural drivers
production
424. Working as truck drivers
425. Skinning the corpses of cattle, horses and
carcass cutting
426. Transportation, loading and unloading of pesticides
427. Styling drainage tubes manually

XXXIX. Work performed in various
economic sectors

428. Cleaning, sanding and painting work in ships and
railway tanks, ship liquid fuel tanks and
oil tankers, cofferdams, fore- and afterpeaks, chain
boxes, double-bottom and double-breasted spaces and others
hard to reach places
429. Painting works using white lead,
lead sulfate or other compositions containing these dyes
430. Installation, repair and maintenance of contact networks, as well as
overhead power lines when working at a height of over 10 m
431. Direct fire extinguishing
432. Maintenance of floating equipment, dredgers with implementation
ship rigging
433. Cleaning of containers (tanks, measuring tanks, tanks, barges and
etc.) from sulfur oil, products of its processing and
sulfur-containing petroleum gas
434. Work with metallic mercury in open form (except
workers employed in installations and semi-automatic machines, where
ensures effective air exchange in the workplace)
435. Mixing gasoline with ethyl liquid
436. Cleaning mercury rectifiers
Work performed by profession:
437. Antenna operator - mast
438. Bitumen cooker
439. Snowmobile driver
440. Diver
441. Gas rescuer
442. Mercury dispenser engaged in dosing open mercury
manually
443. Wood splitter engaged in manual work
444. Boilermaker repairing hot boilers
445. Boiler cleaner
446. Painter engaged in the preparation of lead paints
manually
447. A painter engaged in painting inside containers using
paint and varnish materials containing lead, aromatic and
chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as painting large-sized
products in closed cells spray using the same
paint and varnish materials
448. Crane operator (crane operator) busy working at sea
449. Boiler room operator (stoker) engaged in maintenance
steam and hot water boilers when loading manually with a flow rate of
change of solid mineral and peat fuel to one
driver (fireman), exceeding established standards extremely
permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects
manually
450. Paratrooper (paratrooper - firefighter)
451. Workers of the engine crew of floating cranes
452. Grinder engaged in grinding pitch
453. Repairman of artificial structures
454. Emergency repair mechanic employed at
sewer network cleaning work
455. Rigger engaged in installation and dismantling of equipment
456. A cleaner engaged in cleaning pipes, furnaces and flues

Notes 1. The employer can decide on
use of women's labor in jobs (professions, positions),
included in this list, subject to the creation of safe
working conditions confirmed by the results of certification of workers
places, with a positive conclusion of the state examination
working conditions and state sanitary and epidemiological supervision service of the Russian Federation
Federation.
2. List of positions of managers, specialists and others
workers associated with underground work, where
It is permitted, as an exception, to use female labor:
general manager, director, chief, technical
director, manager, chief engineer of mines and mines at
mining of coal, ore and non-metallic minerals by underground method, on
construction of the subway, tunnels, mine construction and
mine tunneling departments, construction and construction -
installation departments and construction and other underground structures,
their deputies and assistants; chief, chief mining engineer
workshops and sections, their deputies and assistants; senior engineer,
engineer, technician, other managers, specialists and employees, not
performing physical work; engineer, technician, laboratory assistant, others
specialists and employees who do not perform physical work and with
unstable stay underground; chief surveyor, senior
surveyor, mine surveyor, mine surveyor; chief geologist,
chief hydrogeologist, chief hydrologist, mine geologist,
geologist, hydrogeologist of mines, mines, hydrogeologist, hydrologist;
workers servicing stationary mechanisms with
automatic start and stop, and not performing other work,
related to physical activity; employees taking the course
training and admission to internships in underground parts of organizations;
employees of scientific and educational institutions,
design and engineering organizations;
doctor, middle and junior medical staff, bartender and
other workers engaged in sanitation and consumer services.

The list of 456 professions prohibited for women's work may be revised. Minister of Labor and Social Protection Maxim Topilin told reporters about this earlier.

Chairman of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia (FNPR) Mikhail Shmakov explained to the Moscow 24 portal that revising the prohibited list makes sense, since modern working conditions have changed significantly: in many ways they have become more benign.

According to the chairman of the Women's Union of Russia, member of the Federation Council Ekaterina Lakhova, this topic will be brought to the coordination council for the implementation of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Women, which is headed by Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Olga Golodets. “The topic is relevant because times are changing, production technologies are higher, working conditions are improving, so the list, of course, needs to be revised,” she said.

Currently, there are 456 professions on the list of professions prohibited for women. It was approved by the Russian government on February 25, 2000.

At the same time, the head of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions is convinced that canceling the list and allowing all professions is unacceptable. “There are a number of professions that, for purely physiological reasons, women do not need to engage in, because the value of a woman is not only in her work - she is also the continuer of the human race, a future or existing mother, so we must take care of all women,” noted Mikhail Shmakov.

In his opinion, the question of the impact of a particular profession on health needs serious research. “No matter how much we want absolute equality of the sexes, the bodies of men and women are different. Men exist for one thing, and women for another. Women can do what no man can do - give birth to a child. Therefore, draw a conclusion about Sanitary doctors who deal with the impact of harmful factors on human health should determine what work is acceptable for women and what is not,” the portal’s interlocutor emphasized.

It is high time?

In turn, Ekaterina Lakhova believes that the list should have been revised a long time ago. “At our flight school, girls are recruited and trained to be pilots. Why can’t a woman be a driver or an assistant driver? After all, it’s a woman’s right to choose who to be,” she emphasized in a conversation with the Moscow 24 portal.

At the same time, the senator says that when reviewing the list of professions, it is, of course, necessary to take into account the impact of heavy physical labor on a woman’s reproductive function and on women’s health in adulthood. “When gerontologists today begin to study the health of women of the older generation, they discover that those women who engaged in heavy physical labor develop health problems as they age. They are associated with organ loss and other diseases. It must be admitted that the existing restrictions on hard physical work, first of all, in the interests of a woman’s health,” added the chairman of the Women’s Union of Russia.

Ekaterina Lakhova is convinced that in Russia there is not only professional discrimination against women, but also a difference in income: in the same position, women earn less than men. “Men manage to improve their qualifications and get a category faster, while women move up the ranks more slowly.” career ladder. As a result, they fall behind in wages. We traditionally have a 25-30 percent difference in payment,” the senator emphasized.

In turn, Alexander Shcherbakov, a professor at the Department of Labor and Social Policy at RANEPA, believes that lifting the “taboo” on some professions is unlikely to have a significant impact on the labor market in Russia. “We are unlikely to feel tangible changes, since a limited number of professions are now prohibited for women. Even if some men are replaced by women, this will not significantly affect the labor market. If the profession is allowed, then women will not displace men; these will be isolated cases. Process. will proceed gradually, evolutionarily,” he said.

In his opinion, in various sectors of the economy it was previously necessary to put in heavy physical labor in production, and this was unacceptable for women. “Now working conditions have changed, new machines have appeared that have changed production technology, and women are becoming able to work. Of course, the number of areas where women’s work is prohibited in the interests of health will be reduced,” Shcherbakov said.

He believes that the ban on some professions is subjective and not always clear. “You need to look at the features of a particular profession, because there may be moments that a person from the outside may not notice or take into account. At first glance, the ban on women driving large buses long distances not legal. On the other hand, the work is associated with a high load, with difficult conditions, without eating or anything else. All this is difficult for a woman, especially during pregnancy. Such work is not very humane towards women. But over time, if working conditions change, then the ban on this profession can be reconsidered,” Shcherbakov noted.

We can do everything!

But the first woman, the captain of the ship Valentina Bunina, is convinced that a woman can do any profession. “The idea that there is a purely female and a purely male profession is a myth. When I started my professional career in the navy, the most difficult thing was to convince men that a woman cannot be a captain. I had to grit my teeth and prove it with my work.” “, she admitted to the Moscow 24 portal.

According to her, many women give up when trying to prove their worth to men. “Girls came to our fleet, started working, and the men started telling them that this was not a woman’s job, that they couldn’t work, and, in the end, they left,” the captain recalls.

At the same time, according to her observation, women are far from the most bad employees in navigation. “There are positions that a woman performs better. For example, a woman understands people better. This has been ingrained for centuries. And if you break it down, it’s nonsense that a woman can’t do something,” added Valentina Bunina.

The first female captain worked in the Navy for more than 30 years, and since 2003 she has been teaching at the Academy of Water Transport. In addition, Valentina Ivanovna raised four sons.

The Russian Railways company is also in favor of allowing a woman to work as a driver and assistant driver on the railway. “The ban on women working in our country was justified by harmful factors associated with vibration, because freight and passenger locomotives were not very comfortable,” Irina Kostenets, adviser to the general director of Russian Railways, told reporters. “But now more modern rolling stock has appeared, including high-speed trains "Peregrine Falcon".

Photo: portal of the mayor and government of Moscow

The railway workers, according to Kostenets, intend to propose to the government to cancel the general list of professions for which women are prohibited.

However, if women are allowed to be drivers, society will not immediately accept it, says Senator Ekaterina Lakhova. “Now there is distrust, even fear, in society towards women, for example, pilots. One or two generations must change before we all correctly perceive female pilots and female machinists,” she noted.

At the end of February 2018, the Ministry of Labor announced that it plans to update the list of professions prohibited for women. This is due to the fact that some types of work from the old list have disappeared, others have become available to the fairer sex due to technological improvements.

Equality with 456 exceptions

The Russian Constitution makes male and female job seekers equal in rights during employment, but government decree No. 162, signed on February 25, 2000, regulates 456 professions that are prohibited for the weaker sex.

Important! A taboo on women's work is imposed due to the severity, harmfulness or danger of performing certain jobs.

The list of professions prohibited for women, current as of January 2019, can be studied in the ConsultantPlus system http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_26328/

Add to list harmful professions includes those that:

• negatively affect women’s health, primarily reproductive health;
• unsafe;
• require quick reaction or great physical strength, endurance, concentration.

The Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia, Tatyana Moskaleva, expressed her opinion to journalists at the end of 2017. She agreed that all professions should be reviewed and adjusted again, but the opinions of women themselves should not be forgotten. Each has its own physical preparation and moral framework, so if a woman wants to drive a train, why not give her the opportunity?

In connection with this opinion I recall the story of Evgenia Markova, who works as a truck driver. She had to go through a refusal to train and issue a military driver's license, receive two higher university degrees that were not very useful - in information security and management, and work at Kaspersky Lab.

The dream became a reality only after employment with a freight forwarding company that was recruiting female heavy truck drivers. I was worried about the difficulties in repairing the car, but my male colleagues are always ready to help on the road - not only to borrow a tool, but also to repair the breakdown.

Version-2000

The list of professions prohibited for women in Russia, compiled in 2000, according to the head of the Ministry of Labor Maxim Topilin, is morally outdated and some positions should be excluded from it. main reason adjustments made - improvement modern conditions labor.

At the beginning of 2018, there was information in the news that the management of a large enterprise proposed granting companies the right independent choice– what jobs to hire women for, and what vacancies to refuse. True, it was clarified that the decision would have to be endorsed by the trade union leaders.

The mentioned initiative belonged to the management of Russian Railways. In the current list, section 30 is dedicated to the railway industry, and women are not allowed access to such specialties as:

• driver and his assistant;
• train compiler;
• battery worker

Meanwhile, Russian Railways is confident that the fair sex quite capable of driving modern “Sapsan” or “Swallow” aircraft.

Topilin harshly criticized the approach proposed by Russian Railways, saying that it is not the prerogative of a particular employer to prohibit or permit. The standards should be legislated so that they are common to all workers and their employers.

The 19-year-old list of prohibited professions for women in Russia includes many professions that have disappeared over two decades. The majority are manufacturing, related to electrical engineering, welding, production of abrasives, the processing industry and logging.

Currently, women are prohibited from being offered, for example, the following vacancies:

• raft shaper;
• rafter;
• pyrite crusher;
• stone maker;
• stonecutter;
• ice and bone char harvester;
• miner.

Important! All previous attempts to challenge the list by government or business representatives were in vain.

New opportunities

Work on professions prohibited for women in the Russian Federation, which will be included in the new list, continues. The Ministry of Labor and Social Development collects proposals from interested parties - trade unions, employers, government agencies - to update the list. Doctors should also provide expert opinions. It is their responsibility to identify factors that can negatively affect the reproductive function of the female body.

Doctors claim that the largest percentage of occupational diseases develops in those who work:

• in the manufacturing industry;
• in the metallurgical industry;
• in the production of products;
• with chemicals.

Important! When working with chemicals The risk of carcinoma (breast cancer) increases significantly among hairdressers, cosmetologists, laundries and dry cleaners.

It is possible that very soon Russian women will be able to apply for vacancies that were previously closed to them. Many have lost the criterion of harmfulness due to technological modernization of production and adjustments to social and hygienic working conditions.

Moreover, as explained by the head of the Department of Labor Conditions and Safety of the Ministry of Labor Valery Korzh, who is participating in the All-Russian Labor Safety Week in Sochi, the criteria for defining a “non-female profession” will most likely have to be revised. Instead of a direct ban on specific professions, it is better to rely on the conditions created by the employer, because it is one thing to drive a Sapsan, and another to drive an old-style locomotive.

The Ministry of Labor proposes not to create a black list of prohibited professions, but to approve harmful ones production factors or types of hazardous work. A draft of a new approach to defining “non-lady positions” is posted on the regulatory portal for public discussion.

Life truth

Despite the existing list and the Labor Code, no one guarantees the absolute safety of women's work. Take, for example, statistics on female injuries in the Sverdlovsk region:

• a third of those injured at work over the past 5 years;
• every fifth case of severe injuries;
• every tenth death occurs at work.

Formally, hard physical labor and high harmfulness are prohibited for women, but if the profession is not included in the list, no one will forbid applying for the position, especially if there is a shortage of candidates for the position. In small towns, the choice of offers from employers is small, and in order to feed their families, wives and mothers do not disdain any vacancy.

What makes the weaker sex “stop a galloping horse”? The main factors for employment in hazardous or difficult positions are well known:

• earnings are 20-30% higher;
• extended package of social benefits: additional leave, shorter working hours, improved nutrition, vacation packages;
• earlier retirement.

On a note! According to statistics, 65% of women are unemployed and it is more difficult for them to find work.

Many difficult and traumatic jobs for women are now performed by male migrants. For example, they are employed as plasterers and painters, although quite recently they were employed exclusively by the fairer sex. But there are still problems with replacing women’s labor with robots in Russia. We have only three robots per 10 thousand female workers, while in Japan there are 305, and in Korea there are 531.

So far the government has updated the list of prohibited professions for women last time in 2000. How soon this will be done again, and by what criteria “non-women’s work” will be determined, we will find out in the future.

GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

Moscow

On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited

In accordance with Article 10 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health in the Russian Federation” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 29, Art. 3702) Government of the Russian Federation
st atation:

Approve the attached list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited.

Chairman of the Government
Russian Federation
V.Putin

APPROVED
Government resolution
Russian Federation
dated February 25, 2000
N 162

SCROLL
heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited

I. WORKS INVOLVING LIFTING AND MOving WEIGHTS MANUALLY

1. Work related to lifting and moving heavy objects manually, in case of exceeding the established norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually

II. UNDERGROUND WORKS

2. Underground work in the mining industry and in the construction of underground structures, with the exception of work performed by women holding leadership positions and not performing physical work; women engaged in sanitation and household services; women undergoing training and admitted to internships in the underground parts of the organization; women who must go down from time to time into the underground parts of the organization to perform work of a non-physical nature (the list of positions of managers, specialists and other workers associated with underground work, in which the use of female labor is permitted, as an exception, is given in paragraph 2 of the notes to this list)

III. METAL WORKING

Foundry work

3. Cupola maker

4. Casting beater engaged in manual knocking

5. Batch loader in cupolas and furnaces, busy loading the batch manually

6. Casting welder

7. Metal pourer

8. Chopper working with pneumatic tools

9. Melter of metal and alloys

10. Workers engaged in hanging hot castings on a conveyor and servicing and repairing equipment in foundry tunnels

Welding work

11. Gas welder and electric welder of manual welding, working in closed containers (tanks, boilers, etc.), as well as on high-rise communication structures (towers, masts) over 10 meters and steeplejack work

Boiler rooms, cold forming, drawing and pressing works

Work performed by profession:

12. Boilermaker

13. A turner on spinning lathes, doing manual work

14. A chaser working with hand-held pneumatic tools

Forging and pressing and thermal works

Work performed by profession:

15. A bandage worker engaged in hot work

16. A spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs from wire with a diameter of over 10 mm

17. Roller busy rolling out rings while hot

18. Spring operator at hot metal processing

Metal coating and painting

19. Sealing inside caisson tanks

20. Constant work on lead plating using the hot method (not galvanic)

Mechanical and metalwork-assembly works

Work performed by profession:

21. A pneumatic driller performing work with a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the worker’s hands

22. Repairman, busy:

adjustment of equipment in workshops and departments: hot rolling, pickling, enameling, insulation using silicone varnishes, lead plating in cable production;

on hot repairs of selenium and shoeing devices (equipment);

setting up equipment in workshops and departments for the preparation and use of organosilicon varnishes and varnishes containing 40 percent or more of toluene, xylene;

repair of equipment in closed fuel warehouses and oil facilities at thermal power plants, as well as repair of equipment in tunnels and heating chambers in heating networks;

maintenance of water jacket furnaces in the production of non-ferrous metals and alloys;

adjustment and repair of chill molds in a hot state;

directly in the shops: mill, lubricating, forming, foundry, pipe-filling, gleymixing and assembly shops in the production of lead batteries;

repair of technological equipment at engine testing stations, running on leaded gasoline and located in boxes

Working with lead

23. Smelting, casting, rolling, drawing and stamping of lead products, as well as lead coating of cables and soldering of lead batteries

IV. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND REPAIR WORKS

24. Hot repair of furnaces and boiler furnaces

25. Uprooting stumps

26. Fastening structures and parts using a construction gun

27. Slab breaking works, dismantling of buildings and structures

28. Punching holes (grooves, niches, etc.) in concrete, reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and using pneumatic tools

Work performed by profession:

29. An armature worker engaged in manual installation of frames, manual bending machines and scissors

30. Asphalt concrete worker, asphalt concrete worker-cooker, working manually

31. Hydraulic monitor

32. A digger engaged in sinking wells

33. A mason engaged in laying modular solid sand-lime bricks

34. Roofer for steel roofs

35. Caisson operator-operator, caisson operator-miner, caisson operator-fitter, caisson operator-electrician

36. Motor grader operator

37. Asphalt dispenser driver, pit driver

38. Operator of a concrete pumping unit, operator of a mobile bitumen melting unit

39. Bulldozer driver

40. Grader-elevator driver

41. Operator of a mobile asphalt concrete mixer

42. Asphalt concrete paver operator

43. Driver of a single-bucket excavator, operator of a rotary excavator (ditch digger and trencher)

44. Operator of a mobile electric welding unit with an internal combustion engine

45. A mobile power plant operator working at a power plant with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 150 hp. With. and more

46. ​​Communications installer/antenna operator working at heights

47. Installer for installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures when working at height and steeplejack work

48. Lead solder (lead solder)

49. Carpenter

50. Plumber repairing the sewer network

51. Pipe laying of industrial reinforced concrete pipes

52. Pipe laying industrial brick pipes

V. MINING WORKS

Open pit mining and the surface of existing mines and mines under construction, beneficiation, agglomeration, briquetting

Work performed in general mining and capital mining professions:

53. Hole driller

54. Detonator, Master Demolitionist

55. Miner for fire prevention and extinguishing

56. Delivery of fastening materials to the mine

57. Fastener

58. Blacksmith-driller

59. Drilling rig operator

60. Loader driver

61. Machine operator for drilling full-section mine shafts

62. Excavator operator

63. Tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling away of trolleys

64. Miner

65. Stemman, busy manually feeding trolleys into cages

66. Cleaner busy cleaning bins

67. Electrical mechanic (mechanic) on duty and for equipment repair, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment, mechanisms, water and air lines in mining operations

Work performed in the general professions of beneficiation, agglomeration, briquetting and certain categories of workers:

68. A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in the production of alumina

69. A roaster engaged in the process of roasting raw materials and materials in the production of mercury

70. Workers and foremen of processing and crushing and screening factories, mines, mines and metallurgical enterprises engaged in crushing, grinding, grinding and mixing of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, fluorspar and coal, which generates dust containing 10 percent or more free silicon dioxide, when working manually

71. Workers employed in lead enrichment shops

72. Workers and craftsmen engaged in the enrichment of niobium (loparite) ores

Construction of subways, tunnels and underground structures for special purposes

Work performed by profession:

73. Mining equipment installer

74. Miner at surface works

Ore mining

Work performed by profession:

75. Placer miner

76. Bit refueler

77. Drager

78. Dredge sailor

79. Dredge driver

80. Rocket launcher operator

Extraction and processing of peat

Work performed by profession:

81. Ditchman

82. Groomer

83. Operator of machines for the extraction and processing of sod peat

84. Operator of machines for preparing peat deposits for operation

85. Peat excavator operator

86. A peat worker engaged in felling trees and laying peat bricks

Processing of brown coals and ozokerite ores

Work performed by profession:

87. Mountain wax production operator

88. Ozokerite and ozokerite products production operator

89. Crusher

90. Briquette press operator

91. Filling machine operator

VI. GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC-GEODETIC WORKS

Work performed by profession:

92. Detonator, Master Demolitionist

93. Installer of geodetic signs

94. Electrical mechanic (fitter) on duty and equipment repair, employed in the field

VII. DRILLING OF THE WELLS

Work performed by profession:

95. Driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells

96. Derrick erector, rig-welder, derrick-electrician

97. Drilling rig operator

98. Well cementing operator

99. Motorist of a cementing unit, motorist of a cement-sand mixing unit

100. Pipe crimper

101. Assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (first)

102. Assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (second)

103. Drilling mud maker engaged in manual preparation of mud

104. Drilling rig maintenance mechanic, directly employed on drilling rigs

105. A mechanic repairing drilling equipment

106. Tool joint installer

107. Electrician for drilling rig maintenance

VIII. MINING OF OIL AND GAS

108. Well workover driller

109. Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea

110. Operator of a steam mobile dewaxing unit

111. Mobile compressor operator

112. Lift operator

113. Washing unit operator

114. Hydraulic fracturing operator

115. Operator for preparing wells for major and underground repairs

116. Underground well repair operator

117. Well chemical treatment operator

118. Assistant driller for major workover of wells

119. Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea

120. Workers, managers and specialists constantly engaged in underground oil production

121. Mechanic for installation and repair of foundations of offshore drilling rigs and racks

122. Repairman engaged in installation and maintenance of process equipment and repair of oilfield equipment

123. Electrician for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of technological equipment

IX. FERROUS METALLURGY

124. Ladle worker working with molten metal

125. Metal heater engaged in work in methodical, chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production

126. Processor of surface defects of metal, engaged in work with pneumatic tools

Blast furnace production

Work performed by profession:

127. Top blast furnace

128. Blast Furnace Plumber

129. Blast furnace hearth

130. Operator of scale car

131. Skipova

Steelmaking

Work performed by profession:

132. Filling machine operator

133. Mixerova

134. Block stuffer

135. Furnace reduction of iron and annealing of iron powders

136. Melter of deoxidizers

137. Converter steelmaker's helper

138. Helper of the open-hearth furnace steelmaker

139. Helper of a steelmaker at an electroslag remelting installation

140. Electric furnace steelmaker's helper

141. Steel pourer

142. Converter steelmaker

143. Open hearth furnace steelmaker

144. Steelmaker of electroslag remelting plant

145. Electric furnace steelmaker

Rolling production

Work performed by profession:

146. Hot rolling mill roller

147. Pitch cook

148. Hot rolling mill operator's helper

149. Presser-stitcher of rail fastenings

150. Fitter-wire worker engaged in long-rolling production

Pipe production

Work performed by profession:

151. Calibrating mill roller

152. Roller of a hot pipe rolling mill

153. Roller of a furnace pipe welding mill

154. Roller of a cold pipe rolling mill

155. Roller of a pipe forming mill

156. Pipe drawer employed in non-mechanized mills

157. Pipe calibrator on a press

158. Blacksmith on hammers and presses

159. Helper of a rolling mill for hot rolling of pipes

160. Helper of the roller of a cold pipe rolling mill

Ferroalloy production

Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:

161. Forge of ferroalloy furnaces

162. Melter engaged in melting and granulating molten vanadium pentoxide

163. Ferroalloy smelter

164. Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open arc furnaces

165. Workers engaged in the production of metal chromium and chromium-containing alloys by an aluminothermic method

Coke production

166. Work related to direct employment in the production of benzene, its hydrotreating and rectification

Work performed by profession:

167. Barilletchik

168. Door

169. Crusher

170. Luke

171. Scrubber-pumper engaged in servicing the phenol installation in the coking products recovery shop

172. Repairman servicing coke oven batteries

X. NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

Work performed in general professions:

173. Anode pourer engaged in pouring anode bottom sections in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon

174. An installer repairing bathtubs, engaged in drilling a recess for a cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon

175. Melter

176. Calcifier

177. Repairman, electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, employed in the main metallurgical shops

178. Sinterer

179. A charger working at furnaces in the production of tin

Production of non-ferrous and rare metals, production of non-ferrous metal powders

180. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in workshops (departments and areas) for the production of titanium tetrachloride (tetrachloride)

181. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in the loparite concentrate chlorination shops

182. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in workshops (departments and areas) for the recovery of tetrachloride and metal separation in the production of titanium metal

183. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in departments (areas) of chlorination and rectification of titanium raw materials (slag)

184. Work performed by workers employed in the department of slag processing by sublimation at a fuming installation in tin production

185. Work performed by workers employed in smelting shops, as well as in the processing of cinders in the production of mercury

Work performed by profession:

186. Anode operator in aluminum production

187. Titanium sponge knocker

188. Metal pourer

189. Cathode

190. Converter

191. Capacitor

192. Installer of reaction apparatuses, engaged in the installation and dismantling of baths and furnaces, in the repair and restoration of reaction apparatuses

193. Mercury chopper

194. Pechevoy in the production of zinc dust

195. Pechevoy on Welzkilns

196. Pechevoy on the recovery and distillation of titanium and rare metals

197. Furnace for the recovery of nickel powder

198. Furnace for processing titanium-containing and rare earth materials

199. Electrolyte bath sludge operator, engaged in manual cleaning of baths

200. Molten salt electrolyser

Pressure processing of non-ferrous metals

201. Work performed by a hot metal roller engaged in rolling non-ferrous metals and their alloys

Aluminum production by electrolytic method

202. Work performed by workers and craftsmen

Alumina production

203. Work performed by a loader operator engaged in repair work in hard-to-reach places of pneumatic and hydraulic loaders

XI. REPAIR OF EQUIPMENT OF POWER PLANTS AND NETWORKS

Work performed by profession:

204. Electrician for repair of overhead power lines, engaged in steeplejack work repairing high-voltage power lines

205. Electrician for the repair and installation of cable lines, engaged in the repair of cable glands with lead litharge and soldering of lead cable couplings and sheaths

XII. PRODUCTION OF ABRASIVES

Work performed by profession:

206. Balancer-pouring abrasive wheels, busy pouring abrasive products with lead

207. Bulldozer operator engaged in hot dismantling of resistance furnaces in the production of abrasives

208. Melter of abrasive materials

209. Podina worker employed in the corundum workshop

210. Resistance furnace dismantler employed in the silicon carbide production shop

XIII. ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION

Work performed in general professions:

211. Mercury distiller

212. Mercury rectifier molder performing work with open mercury

Electrocoal production

213. Work performed by workers on pitch smelting

Cable production

Work performed by profession:

214. Lead or aluminum cable crimper engaged in hot lead crimping

215. Remover of sheaths from cable products, engaged in removing only lead sheaths

Production of chemical power sources

Work performed by profession:

216. Foundry worker of lead alloy products

217. Dry mass mixer (for lead batteries)

218. Melter of lead alloys

219. Battery plate cutter engaged in stamping and separating formed lead plates

XIV. RADIO AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTION

Work performed by profession:

220. A tester of parts and devices engaged in testing o o devices in thermopressure chambers at a temperature of +28 C and above and -60 C and below, provided that they are directly in them

221. Caster of magnets on crystallizer furnaces

222. Melter of shopalloy and bismuth

XV. AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION AND REPAIR

Work performed by profession:

223. A mechanic for repairing aircraft engines and a mechanic for repairing units engaged in the repair of engines and units running on leaded gasoline

XVI. SHIPBUILDING AND SHIP REPAIR

Work performed by profession:

224. Reinforcement worker of reinforced concrete ships, engaged in work on vibrating tables, vibrating platforms, cassette installations and with manual vibrators

225. Ship bender engaged in hot bending

226. Boilermaker

227. Painter, ship insulator, engaged in painting work in tanks, second bottom areas, warm boxes and other hard-to-reach areas of ships, as well as in work on cleaning old paint in these areas of ships

228. Coppermaker for the manufacture of ship products, engaged in hot work

229. Ship carpenter working in closed compartments of ships

230. Workers of the commissioning team at mooring, factory and state tests

231. A ship's hewer engaged in work with hand-held pneumatic tools

232. An assembler of metal ship hulls, engaged in sectional, block and slipway assembly of surface ships, constantly combining his work with electric tack, gas cutting and metal processing with hand-held pneumatic tools, as well as ship repair

233. Mechanical mechanic for testing installations and equipment, engaged in adjusting and testing marine diesel engines in indoors and inside ships

234. Ship fitter, engaged in installation inside ships during repairs

235. Ship repairman engaged in work inside ships

236. Shipbuilder-repairman

237. Ship rigger

238. Ship's pipefitter

ХVII. CHEMICAL PRODUCTION

Work performed in chemical production by profession and certain categories of workers:

239. Melting operator engaged in smelting and refining pitch

240. Steamer engaged in tearing and steaming rubber

Production of inorganic products

Calcium carbide production

241. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in furnaces and manual crushing of carbide

Phosgene production

242. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of mercury and its compounds

243. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages, except for remotely controlled production

Production of yellow phosphorus

244. Workers, shift managers and specialists directly involved in the maintenance of mine slot furnaces, roasting and sintering furnaces, fines granulation plants, in phosphorus electric sublimation departments, in the filling of phosphorus tanks, in the maintenance of phosphorus storage tanks, phosphorus sludge, sludge distillation and in the processing of fire-liquids slag

Production of phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus pentasulphide

245. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of chlorine using the mercury method

246. Workers engaged in technological stages

Production of liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide

247. Workers engaged in technological stages

Carbon disulfide production

248. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in the retort and condensation departments

Work with fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and fluorides

249. Workers, managers and specialists (except for work performed in laboratories using hydrofluoric acid and fluorides)

Production of arsenic and arsenic compounds

250. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of silicon tetrachloride

251. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of technical iodine

252. Workers engaged in squeezing iodine

Production of organic products

Production of benzatron and its chlorine and bromine derivatives, vilontron

253. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of aniline, paranitroaniline, aniline salts and fluxes

254. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of benzidine and its analogues

255. Workers, managers, specialists and other employees employed directly in production and at the dissolution station of these products

Production of carbon tetrachloride, golovax, rematol, sovol

256. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of chloropicrin

257. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of catalysts containing arsenic

258. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of ziram, mercury- and arsenic-containing pesticides

259. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Chloroprene production

260. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of chloroprene rubber and latex

261. Workers involved in the technological stages of polymerization and product separation

Production of ethyl liquid

262. Workers, managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of benzene, toluene, xylene

263. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Paint and varnish production

Production of lead litharge and red lead, lead crowns, white lead, green lead and jurmedite

264. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages

Production of chemical fibers and threads

265. Regeneration operator engaged in the regeneration of carbon disulfide

Production of fiberglass products based on synthetic resins (phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy, unsaturated polyester resins)

266. Operators engaged in contact molding of large-sized products with an area of ​​1.5 square meters. m or more

Production of medicines, medical, biological preparations and materials

Antibiotic production

267. Filtration operator engaged in manual disassembly and assembly of filter presses with frame sizes larger than 500 mm

Extracting morphine from raw opium

268. Filtration operator engaged in manual disassembly and assembly of filter presses with frame sizes larger than 500 mm

Androgen production

269. Operator for the production of synthetic hormones, engaged in the production of testosterone preparations and its derivatives

ХVIII. PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS

Work performed by profession:

270. Vulcanizer engaged in loading and unloading products in boilers over 6 meters long, vulcanizing propeller shafts

271. Rubber mixer operator

272. Workers employed in the departments: cold vulcanization, production of radol and facts

273. Repairer of rubber products, engaged in the manufacture and repair of large rubber parts and products, vulcanization of reinforced parts (large tires, rubber fuel tanks, reservoirs, conveyor belts, etc.)

Production, retreading and repair of tires

274. Work performed by a vulcanizer, tire collector (heavy duty)

XIX. PROCESSING OF OIL, GAS, SHALE AND COAL, PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROLEUM OILS AND LUBRICANTS

Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:

275. Coke cleaner

276. Coke unloader

277. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in gasoline leaded process plants

278. Workers employed in extraction shops and departments of aromatic hydrocarbons production

279. Workers engaged in the preparation of arsenic solutions for the purification of sulfur-containing petroleum gas

XX. LOGGING AND LOGGING

Logging work

280. Loading and unloading of round timber (except for pulpwood, mine stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)

281. Stacking of round timber (except for pulpwood, mine stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)

Work performed by profession:

282. Forest feller

283. A lumberjack engaged in felling, bucking logs and hilling logs, chopping firewood, harvesting and cutting tar resin, as well as harvesting wood using hand tools

284. Timber piler, engaged in the creation of inter-operational and seasonal reserves of logs and trees, loading trees, logs and round timber (with the exception of pulpwood, mine stands and firewood up to 2 meters long) onto timber rolling stock and unloading them, performing the work manually

285. Chokerer

Timber rafting

Work performed by profession:

286. Raftsman

287. Rigger engaged in loading and unloading rigging

288. Raft shaper

XXI. PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE, PAPER, CARDBOARD AND PRODUCTS FROM THEM

Work performed by profession:

289. Operator for preparing chemical solutions, working on dissolving chlorine

290. Impregnation operator engaged in the production of anti-corrosion and inhibited paper

291. Cooker of fibrous raw materials

292. Pulp cook

293. Woodpair

294. Pyrite crusher

295. Loader of balances into defibrators

296. Loader of pyrites, sulfur furnaces and turmas

297. Sulphate loader

298. Acid

299. Mixer

300. Acid tank liner

301. Fiber sawmill

302. Impregnator of paper and paper products, engaged in fiber impregnation

303. Sulfurous acid regenerator

304. Repairman, lubricator, cleaner of production and office premises, electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, employed in the production of sulfite cellulose and sulfurous acid

305. Sodaman

306. Paper (board) machine dryer, employed on high-speed paper and board machines operating at speeds of 400 or more meters per minute

307. Chlorine man XXII. CEMENT PRODUCTION

308. Work performed by workers cleaning sludge pools and talkers

XXIII. STONE PROCESSING AND PRODUCTION OF STONE CASTING PRODUCTS

Work performed by profession:

309. Stone casting pourer

310. Stonemaker

311. Stonecutter

312. Mill operator busy breaking diabase crushed stone into powder

313. Stone processing equipment operator

314. Stone sawyer

315. Stone miller XXIV. PRODUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND

CONCRETE PRODUCTS AND STRUCTURES

316. Work as a carver of concrete and reinforced concrete products

XXV. PRODUCTION OF THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS

Work performed by profession:

317. Bitumen worker

318. Cupola maker

XXVI. PRODUCTION OF SOFT ROOF AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS

319. Work performed by the digester loader

XXVII. PRODUCTION OF GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS

Work performed by profession:

320. Quartz blower (except for those engaged in the manufacture of products with a diameter of up to 100 mm and a wall thickness of up to 3 mm)

321. Quartz smelter

322. Mirror dyer working with mercury

323. Batch compiler engaged in manual work using red lead

324. Halmovschik

XXVIII. TEXTILE AND LIGHT INDUSTRY

Work performed in general textile manufacturing professions:

325. Sizing equipment operator engaged in non-mechanized lifting and removal of rollers

326. Plumber cleaning sewer trenches and wells

Primary processing of cotton

327. Work as a press operator

Hemp and jute production

328. Work as a fiber preparer engaged in breaking bales of jute

Wool production

Work performed by profession:

329. Washer of technical cloths

330. Assistant foreman employed in a weaving workshop in the production of cloth

Fulling and felt production

Work performed by profession:

331. Fuller engaged in the production of dense felts

332. Shoe fitter engaged in manual work

333. Shoe remover from lasts, engaged in removing felted shoes by hand

Tanning and leather production

335. Transportation, unloading and loading of large leather raw materials and semi-finished products manually in the soaking and ash shops of leather factories

Work performed by profession:

336. A skinner engaged in turning large leathers on blocks by hand, in the fleshing and breaking of large leather raw materials

337. Leather roller engaged in rolling large and hard leathers on rollers

338. Leather cutter

339. Sorter of products, semi-finished products and materials, engaged in sorting large leather raw materials

340. Cleaner of products, semi-finished products and materials, engaged in cleaning large leathers and large leather raw materials on blocks by hand

Production of leather shoes

341. Work as a molder of parts and products, working on Anklepf type machines

XXIX. FOOD INDUSTRY

342. Baling waste from corrugated packaging production

Work performed in general food production professions:

343. Diffusion operator servicing periodic diffusers when loading manually

344. Ice harvester, engaged in collecting ice in reservoirs and laying it in piles

345. Bone charcoal maker

346. Cleaning machine operator engaged in manual dismantling of separators

Production of meat products

Work performed by profession:

347. Livestock fighter engaged in operations of stunning, hooking, bleeding of large and small cattle and pigs; evisceration, manual removal of cattle hides; sawing up carcasses; scalds and scorches of pork carcasses and heads; horizontal processing of cattle carcasses

348. Skin peeler

349. Skin processor

Fish extraction and processing

350. All types of work on fishing, search and reception and transport sea vessels, with the exception of sea floating crab canneries, fish processing bases, large freezing fishing trawlers and refrigerated sea vessels, where women’s labor is allowed in all jobs, excluding jobs (professions, positions) , specified in sections XXXII "Maritime transport" and XXXIII "River transport" of this list

351. Manually turning barrels of fish

Work performed by profession:

352. Loader-unloader of food products, engaged in loading grates with canned food into autoclaves manually

353. Processor of sea animals, engaged in fleshing the skins of sea animals

354. A fish processor engaged in pouring and unloading fish manually from vats, chests, ships, slots and other navigable containers; mixing fish in salting vats by hand

355. Presser-squeezer of food products, engaged in pressing (squeezing) fish in barrels by hand

356. Receiver of watercraft

357. Coastal fisherman engaged in hand-pulling cast nets, ice fishing on cast nets, set nets and vents

Bakery production

358. Work performed by a dough handler working on dough mixing machines with rolling bowls with a capacity of over 330 liters when moving them manually

Tobacco-shag and fermentation production

359. Work performed by an auxiliary worker engaged in transporting bales of tobacco

Perfume and cosmetic production

360. Work performed by a worker engaged in grinding amidochloric mercury

Extraction and production of table salt

Work performed by profession:

361. Salt piler in swimming pools

362. Pool preparer

363. Track worker on the lake

XXX. RAILWAY TRANSPORT AND METROPOLITAN

Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:

364. Battery worker repairing lead batteries

365. A handcar driver and his assistant working on broad gauge railway lines

366. Freight train conductor

367. Fireman of steam locomotives in the depot

368. Diesel train driver and his assistant

369. A locomotive driver and his assistant working on broad gauge railway lines

370. Locomotive driver and his assistant

371. Diesel locomotive driver and his assistant

372. Traction unit operator and his assistant

373. Electric locomotive driver and his assistant

374. Electric train driver and his assistant

375. Track fitter (if the established norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually are exceeded)

376. Porter engaged in moving luggage and hand luggage

377. Inspector-repairer of wagons

378. Pipe puncher-blower

379. Conductor for escorting cargo and special wagons, engaged in escorting cargo on open rolling stock

380. Locomotive boiler cleaner

381. Impregnator of lumber and wood products, engaged in impregnation using oil antiseptics

382. Car speed controller

383. A mechanic for the repair of rolling stock, performing the following work:

for repairing fittings on steam locomotives when washing them warmly;

in fire and smoke boxes;

for blowing the bottom and gutters of electric rolling stock and diesel locomotives with electric transmission;

for disassembling, repairing and assembling drainage devices and safety valves, for inspecting and filling valves for drainage devices in tanks containing petroleum products and chemical products

384. Train compiler, assistant train compiler

385. Electrician of a contact network engaged in work at height on electrified railways

386. Workers loading asbestos waste, constantly working in the ballast quarry of asbestos waste

XXXI. AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT

Work performed by profession:

387. A car driver working on a bus with more than 14 seats (except for those employed in intra-factory, intra-city, suburban transportation and transportation in rural areas within one day shift, provided that he is not involved in the maintenance and repair of the bus)

388. A car driver working on a vehicle with a carrying capacity of over 2.5 tons (except for those employed in intra-factory, intra-city, suburban transportation and transportation in rural areas within one day shift, provided that they are not involved in the maintenance and repair of the truck)

389. Automobile repairman manually washing engine parts of a car running on leaded gasoline.

390. A car repair mechanic engaged in running-in an engine using leaded gasoline.

391. Fuel equipment mechanic employed in motor vehicles repairing fuel equipment for carburetor engines running on leaded gasoline.

XXXII. SEA TRANSPORT

392. Coastal boatswain, coastal sailor, senior coastal sailor (with the exception of those working at passenger berths of local and suburban lines)

393. Ship fireman and boiler operator engaged in servicing boilers on ships and cranes, regardless of the type of fuel burned in the boilers

394. Cranmaster and his assistant

395. Crane operator (crane operator) working on a floating crane and his assistant

396. Engine command staff (mechanics, electromechanics and others) and engine crew (machinists, mechanics, electricians, turners and mechanics of all types and others) of ships of all types of fleet

397. Deck crew (boatswain, skipper, mate and sailors of all types) of ships of all types of fleet, as well as floating cleaning stations, docks, floating reloaders of grain, cement, coal and other dust-generating cargo

398. Workers of complex teams and loaders engaged in loading and unloading operations in ports and piers

399. Crew members of all types of fleet, combining work in two positions of deck and engine personnel

XXXIII. RIVER TRANSPORT

Work performed by profession and position:

400. Loaders, dockers-mechanists (except for dockers-mechanists who constantly work as crane operators, drivers of intra-port transport and workers servicing machines and continuous mechanisms for cargo processing, with the exception of substances belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2)

401. Ship stoker employed on ships operating on solid fuel

402. Sailors of all types of passenger and cargo-passenger ships (except for hydrofoil and planing ships, as well as ships operating on intracity and suburban lines), dredgers, dredgers and mixed river-sea navigation vessels

403. Crane operator (crane operator) working on a floating crane

404. Engine crew of ships of all types of fleet, as well as crew members of ships of all types of fleet, combining work in two positions of deck and engine personnel

XXXIV. CIVIL AVIATION

Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:

405. Aviation mechanic (technician) for airframe and engines, aviation mechanic (technician) for instruments and electrical equipment, aviation mechanic (technician) for radio equipment, aviation technician (mechanic) for parachute and rescue equipment, aviation technician for fuels and lubricants , engineer directly involved in the maintenance of aircraft (helicopters)

406. Porter engaged in moving baggage and hand luggage at airports

407. Gas station operator engaged in refueling aircraft with leaded gasoline, as well as refueling special vehicles with leaded gasoline

408. Workers engaged in cleaning and repairing the inside of gas turbine aircraft fuel tanks

409. Workers engaged in the preparation of bitumen and repair of runways and taxiways (filling joints) at airfields

XXXV. CONNECTION

410. Operational and technical maintenance of radio equipment and communication equipment on high-rise buildings (towers, masts) over 10 m high, not equipped with elevators

XXXVI. PRINTING PRODUCTION

Work related to the use of lead alloys

411. Work on casting operations and finishing of the stereotype

Work performed by profession:

412. Printing equipment adjuster, employed in the areas of casting stereotypes, type, typesetting and whitespace materials

413. Caster

414. Stereotyper

Gravure printing workshops

415. Work in the gravure printing department (except for acceptance and packaging of finished products)

416. Work performed by an intaglio plate etcher

XXXVII. PRODUCTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

417. Peeling and cleaning of cast iron frames of pianos and grand pianos using abrasive wheels

418. Work performed by a wind instrument parts maker engaged in the manufacture of parts for brass instruments

XXXVIII. AGRICULTURE

419. Performing operations in crop production, livestock farming, poultry farming and fur farming using pesticides, pesticides and disinfectants (under the age of 35)

420. Maintenance of stud bulls, stud stallions, boars

421. Loading and unloading of animal corpses, confiscated goods and pathological material

422. Work in wells, slurry tanks and tanks, silos and haylage towers

423. Work as tractor drivers in agricultural production

424. Working as truck drivers

425. Removing skins from the corpses of cattle, horses and cutting up carcasses

426. Transportation, loading and unloading of pesticides

427. Laying drainage pipes manually

XXXIX. WORK PERFORMED IN VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY

428. Cleaning, scraping and painting work in ship and railway tanks, ship liquid fuel tanks and oil tankers, cofferdams, fore- and afterpeaks, chain boxes, double-bottom and double-hull spaces and other hard-to-reach places

429. Painting work using lead white, lead sulfate or other compositions containing these dyes

430. Installation, repair and maintenance of contact networks, as well as overhead power lines when working at a height of over 10 m

431. Direct fire extinguishing

432. Maintenance of floating craft, dredgers with ship rigging work

433. Cleaning of containers (tanks, measuring tanks, tanks, barges, etc.) from sour oil, products of its processing and sulfur-containing petroleum gas

434. Work with metallic mercury in open form (except for workers employed in installations and semi-automatic machines, where effective air exchange in the workplace is ensured)

435. Mixing gasoline with ethyl liquid

436. Cleaning mercury rectifiers

Work performed by profession:

437. Antenna-mast operator

438. Bitumen cooker

439. Snowmobile driver

440. Diver

441. Gas rescuer

442. Mercury dispenser engaged in dosing open mercury manually

443. Wood splitter engaged in manual work

444. Boilermaker repairing hot boilers

445. Boiler cleaner

446. A painter engaged in preparing lead paints by hand

447. Painter engaged in painting inside containers using paints and varnishes containing lead, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as painting large-sized products in closed chambers with a spray gun using the same paints and varnishes

448. Crane operator (crane operator) busy working at sea

449. A driver (stoker) of a boiler house engaged in servicing steam and water-heating boilers when loading manually with the consumption per change of solid mineral and peat fuel per driver (stoker) exceeding the established norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually

450. Paratrooper (paratrooper-firefighter)

451. Workers of the engine crew of floating cranes

452. Grinder engaged in grinding pitch

453. Repairman of artificial structures

454. Emergency repair mechanic engaged in cleaning the sewerage network

455. Rigger engaged in installation and dismantling of equipment

456. A cleaner engaged in cleaning pipes, furnaces and flues

Notes:

1. An employer may decide to use women’s labor in jobs (professions, positions) included in this list, subject to the creation safe conditions labor, confirmed by the results of certification of workplaces, with a positive conclusion of the state examination of working conditions and the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision service of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

2. List of positions of managers, specialists and other workers related to underground work, in which, as an exception, the use of female labor is permitted:

general director, director, chief, technical director, manager, chief engineer of mines and mines for the extraction of coal, ore and non-metallic minerals by underground methods, for the construction of subways, tunnels, mine construction and mine tunneling departments, construction and construction and installation departments and construction and other underground structures, their deputies and assistants; chief, chief engineer of mining workshops and sections, their deputies and assistants; senior engineer, engineer, technician, other managers, specialists and employees who do not perform physical work; engineer, technician, laboratory assistant, other specialists and employees who do not perform physical work and do not permanently stay underground; chief surveyor, senior surveyor, mine surveyor, mine surveyor; chief geologist, chief hydrogeologist, chief hydrologist, mine, mine geologist, geologist, mine, mine hydrogeologist, hydrogeologist, hydrologist;

workers servicing stationary mechanisms that have automatic start and stop, and who do not perform other work related to physical activity; workers undergoing training and admitted to internships in underground parts of organizations;

employees of scientific and educational institutions, design and design organizations;

doctor, paramedical and junior medical personnel, bartender and other workers involved in sanitary and consumer services.

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