A simple flight of stairs on your own - step by step to the second floor! Do-it-yourself wooden ladder. Rules for making a wooden ladder with your own hands.

If you have already built two-storey house or you are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of building a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.

In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality staircase system, you have only three ways: buy a ready-made structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model from a master carpenter, or make the staircase yourself.

This article is dedicated to those who chose the third option. In it you will learn a lot useful information about the staircase design, and also get acquainted with step-by-step detailed instructions for making a staircase in photos and videos.

For owners of a two-level home, a second floor staircase is a necessary attribute of the interior

What kind of stairs are there - a little theory

Before you start building a staircase with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of structure that will be most suitable for your home.

Types of stairs by design type

We will choose a system from three types:

• Marching.
• Screw.
• Combined.

Let's look a little at each of them.

Marching

This type is the easiest to produce and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.

Single-flight designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and effective

Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:

• one-march;
• two-flight;
• multi-march.

Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in greatest demand.

Screw

Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive to produce.

The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but its manufacture is best left to professionals

Combined

These systems combine two previous types. Their production is the most difficult and therefore for self-construction doesn't fit.

Combined systems more complex to manufacture and it will be quite difficult for a beginner to install them

Making a staircase with your own hands - manufacturing instructions

First, let's decide on the material of manufacture and prepare the tools necessary for the job.

Material selection

To produce a staircase structure, you can choose:

• tree;
• stone;
• concrete;
• metal;
• plastic.

A variety of materials can be used to make stairs

The most suitable material For self-made the stairs are definitely natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:

• environmental friendliness and safety;
• non-toxic;
• ease of processing;
• relatively economical price;
• long service life.

Therefore, for the construction of our stairs we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.

Natural wood is the best choice for making your own stairs

So, we have decided on the type of structure to be erected - this is a flight of stairs. We also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material – natural wood. The next step is to prepare the necessary tools.

Preparing the tool

To make a wooden staircase with your own hands we will need:

• Measuring devices - tape measure, ruler, level.
• Hand-held electric drill.
• Hacksaw for woodworking.
• Screwdriver.
• Hammer.
• Electric planer.
• Sandpaper.

The optimal set of necessary tools

Preparing the main elements

Before installing the staircase system, it is necessary to prepare the following parts:

• Processed boards of the required sizes (in accordance with the drawing).
• Bars for the production of steps.
• Boards for steps.
• Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
• Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be purchased already in finished form.
• Fasteners – screws, self-tapping screws, bolts.

This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure.

Main stages of installation

To make a high-quality staircase with your own hands, use with the following instructions on production in photos and videos.

Stage 1. Schematic drawing

Let's draw a drawing on which we indicate the main elements of the future structure.

Stage 2. Perform the necessary calculations

Carrying out design calculations is probably the most grueling process, but it still needs to be done. This can be done in several steps:

• we determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the plane of the floor of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
• we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height 17 centimeters;
• we will calculate how many steps and risers will be needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);

Before making a staircase, it must be calculated

• tread width - for comfort when walking smallest value this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest should be 40 cm.

Stage 3. Making a kosour

We cut the beam prepared for this part to the required size and cut out the notches the right size for installing steps.

Stage 4. Checking the stringer

To do this, we place it in the place where the stairs will be located, and if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.

This diagram shows detailed calculations stringer

Stage 5. Attach the stringers

We attach stringers and fasten them together to top beam using anchor bolts.

The stringers are securely secured with anchor bolts

Stage 6. Installation of steps

The risers are attached to the stringer using self-tapping screws.

The marching staircase is easy to manufacture and is considered the best option for private houses. When constructing an engineering structure, one must proceed from two main requirements - safety and convenience. When constructing a staircase, it is important to strictly follow the rules of design, calculation and installation. In order to eliminate unwanted risks and avoid redoing the work in the future, it is necessary to initially focus on existing standards and norms.

Components and features of marching stairs

An integral element of a two- or three-story house is a staircase. The most popular are two types of structures: wine and marching. For construction spiral staircase will need to be carried out complex calculations, since such a structure has one supporting element. Errors in calculating the expected loads can cause destruction of the entire structure. Therefore, many people choose a staircase, which is quite possible to build on their own.

For a more accurate understanding of how to make a flight of stairs, you need to know its components. The staircase design includes the following elements:

• load-bearing beams: bowstring or stringers;
• support pillars;
• steps (treads);
• risers;
• frieze steps;
• balusters (fencing);
• handrails (railings);
• winder step - instead of a platform;
• skirting boards.

Let us describe in more detail each detail of the engineering design:

1. Stringers are the main element of the stairs. Support beam, holding the entire structure. Stringers are made of wood, concrete or metal. Depending on the purpose, weight and specific design of the staircase, the design may have a single central stringer, two on the sides, or three on the sides and an additional one in the center. The installation of a third stringer must be provided for heavy, massive structures with a high degree of traffic.
2. The bowstring performs the same function as the stringers. In a stair stringer, cutouts for treads are made on the inside of the beams.
3. The steps consist of two parts: the riser and the tread. A tread is a horizontal surface, about 30 cm wide and about 90-150 cm long. The length of the tread determines the width of the entire structure. The vertical part of the step is a riser, 15-20 cm wide (height of the leg). Sometimes, to facilitate construction and decorative appeal, stairs are made without risers.
4. Railings (balusters) are required for stairs consisting of more than 3 steps. A row of balusters is called a balustrade. Balusters set the style of the entire structure. The wealth of choice of textures, shapes and materials allows you to create exclusive products.
5. The railings are fixed to the fences. The main requirement for handrails is a smooth surface. It is on this element that a person rests his hand while moving up the stairs. There should be no roughness, chips or nicks on the railings.
6. It is advisable to equip areas if there are more than 10 steps in one flight. You can rest a little on a horizontal plane. Often landings are used to turn stairs in the other direction.
7. Winder steps replace a full-fledged platform. This solution is optimal when there is not enough space to accommodate a regular platform. The steps are narrowed on one side and widened on the other.

Important! Triangular-shaped winder steps are considered unsafe for walking. They should be used with caution in homes where children and elderly people live.

The popularity of marching stairs is due to a number of their advantages:

• ease of manufacture - you can assemble a traditional staircase of 1-2 flights yourself;
• ease of use - this type of design is universal, as it is suitable for residential premises and public institutions; it is convenient to move along the flight of stairs and lift heavy furniture and large loads;
• attractiveness - the marching rise looks good in interiors of various styles;
• due to reliable design the staircase can withstand heavy loads, which cannot be said about alternative types of stairs, for example, spiral ones;
• using winder steps, you can make turns of the stairs under different angles, creating complex serpentine structures.

Requirements for flight stairs

GOSTs and SNiPs stipulate standards that must be met when constructing flight stairs in apartment buildings. However, most of the standards are also relevant in the manufacture of stairs intended for private use.

1. The width of the flight of stairs is at least 80-100 cm.
2. It is necessary to provide high-quality lighting on the stairs, especially for the first/last steps.
3. The height of the fence is from 90 cm.
4. The flight ladder must withstand a load of about 180-220 kg, and the railings must withstand a load of at least 100 kg.
5. The angle of inclination of stairs located in residential premises is no more than 38°. For attic stairs Let's say the angle of inclination is 63-74°. A single flight of stairs must have the same angle of inclination, constant along its entire length.
6. It is important that the stairs are made of fire-resistant materials. Wooden structures must be treated with special protective compounds.

Designs of flight stairs

The type of staircase is determined depending on the dimensions of the building and the purpose of the room. Based on their number of flights, they are distinguished: single-flight stairs, structures with two flights and multi-flight models.

It is desirable that the number of steps in one flight does not exceed ten - this requirement is explained solely by ease of use. If the design involves the installation of more than ten steps, then it is better to arrange two flights with an intermediate platform.

Advice. If the flight of stairs is more than 3 meters high, then a two-flight staircase must be installed.

Separate varieties of marching stairs can be considered cantilever and spine. One piece of steps cantilever staircase is installed directly to the wall, and the second one seems to float in the air.

Important! The steps of a cantilever structure must be attached to main wall. For the manufacture of such stairs, more durable materials are used, with a thickness of 6 cm.

“Suspended” structures save room space and look very stylish; the only drawback of a cantilever staircase is the price. The cost of such models is an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional marching ascents.

The spinal structure consists of several elements connected using a special technology. The details are sequentially nested within each other. The main advantage is the possibility of constructing flight stairs of various shapes.

Selection of materials for the manufacture of flight stairs

In accordance with the material of manufacture, flight stairs are divided into metal, wood, concrete and glass stairs.

Monolithic concrete stairs installed in most apartment buildings, shopping centers, cinemas and other public spaces.

Concrete structures look natural in multi-storey mansions made of foam blocks, bricks or gas silicate panels. In addition, the concrete staircase is very cold and will have to be sheathed facing material(wood), and this is double work.

They are particularly durable metal constructions . Using metal components, you can create any composition that will favorably emphasize the individuality of the room.

The metal base of the stairs comes in several types:

• closed frame - applicable in buildings where it is planned to hide the frame using various materials;
• open design with two stringers - frame rectangular section, and the stringers repeat the shape of the ladder;
• open staircase with one stringer - this design does not provide risers; at increased loads it is advisable to use additional consoles.

To build a metal staircase you will need an inverter machine and welding skills. You can learn the basic nuances of welding on your own, but this is not enough to create a presentable and high-quality structure.

When constructing stairs in a private house, metal is often combined with other materials: plastic, wood, brick or glass. For example, the frame of the structure is made of metal, and the steps are made of wood.

When choosing a metal, preference should be given to steel. The main advantage of the material is its resistance to corrosion. This design will last at least 50 years. It is better to avoid using painted steel - its maximum service life is 5 years.

Brass structures are strong and reliable, but they quickly lose their original attractiveness and darken. Anodized aluminum is resistant to rust, but the material is vulnerable to mechanical damage.

Important! According to requirements fire safety in multi-storey cottages it is necessary to install metal or concrete stairs to guarantee the evacuation of residents in the event of a fire.

Wooden stairs easier to install yourself than metal ones. When planning the installation of a wooden structure, special attention should be paid to the choice of material.

Products made from coniferous wood quickly become loose, gradually begin to creak and dry out. This wood is usually used to make compact folding stepladders that can be stored in the attic.

For the construction of permanent stairs, it is better to use hard wood. If the production technology is followed, a wooden staircase will last more than 100 years. Best option: ash, beech, oak, yew, wenge and ash. Medium-hard woods include: walnut, pear, black pine and birch. “Soft” wood: spruce, larch and pine. Unsuitable species for constructing stairs: poplar and fir.

Despite some disadvantages, pine is widely used to create engineering structures, including staircases. This is due to low cost, ease of processing, the possibility of tinting and widespread distribution.

When choosing pine, you should give preference to high quality material - without cracks, resin lenses and knots. The wood must be well dried. Making such a staircase will cost a little more, but will also last much longer.

Important! You should not buy poorly dried wood, even if its price is unbeatable. As the material dries, the finished product will begin to warp and deform, violating the strength, reliability and geometry of the staircase structure.

Solid oak is popular in the production of stairs - it is durable and has an attractive appearance. Cons of oak: high cost and porous structure. The surface of an oak product is difficult to polish and cannot be brought to a mirror shine.

Beech has similar characteristics to oak. It is more affordable, but is characterized by increased hygroscopicity. Beech color is light pink.

Ash is characterized by good performance properties. Some experts consider this material one of the best for the manufacture of staircase structures. The main advantages of ash: flexibility, ductility and high strength of the species. From ash it will be possible to obtain ideal smooth products, since wood lends itself well to sanding.

Glass stairs are in demand when arranging a room designed in a high-tech style. Laminated or tempered glass is used for production. But also like this durable material does not 100% eliminate the risk of splitting due to a strong impact. After several years, the glass begins to turn yellow. Another minus glass structure- complexity of construction. You will not be able to install such a staircase yourself.

Do-it-yourself marching staircase: step-by-step production

Design and calculation of stairs

Before execution practical work It is important to correctly design and calculate the stairs. These works should be carried out with special care, since any errors made during the design may lead to difficulties during assembly.

It is necessary to design the main components of the structure: steps, stringers and handrails.

Steps are calculated using the formula: 2A+B=64 cm, where variable A is the width of this part, variable B is the height of the step. Value B usually ranges from 14-17 cm.

1. Measure the estimated height of the stairs.
2. Calculate the number of steps of a flight of stairs. To do this, divide the height of the stairs by value B. If the total height of the stairs is 240 cm and the height of the steps is 16 cm, then the number of steps will be 15 (240/16).
3. Calculation of the width of the steps - parameter A. Knowing the number of steps (B), this is not difficult to do: 2A+15=64, 2A=49, A=49/2=24.5 cm.

The second option for calculating a flight of stairs is to use tabular data.

When designing, it is important to remember that each step has a lip that overhangs the riser. The size of the protrusion should not be more than 3-4 cm, otherwise there is a risk of tripping.

Important! There is a certain pattern: the higher the riser, the narrower the step will be. However, the width of the step cannot be less than the height. Optimal - 30 cm.

When designing, do not forget about the distance from the stairs to the ceiling and other objects located above. This value should be at least 190-200 cm.

For determining horizontal size stairs, you need to multiply the number of steps by their width. Here we must take into account that the first step is the floor. If the height of the structure turns out to be large enough, then it is necessary to arrange an intermediate platform. In this case, the number of steps on each flight of stairs will be about 7-8.

If the project and design idea imply the presence of strictly a certain number steps, then their height can be made a little smaller. Thanks to this solution, it will be possible to place a platform.

Making stringers

Suitable for creating a kosour pine board, thickness 40 mm. Wood humidity should be between 7-13%.

Sequence of making stringers:

1. Prepare a pattern that follows the curves of the steps.
2. Apply markings to the workpiece using a template. The lines of the teeth must have no sharp corners.
3. Hacksaw or electric jigsaw cut out the teeth. The resulting blank can be used as a template, cutting out the remaining stringers.
4. To ensure the strength and safety of the staircase structure, it is advisable to prepare three or four stringers in this way.
5. Install stringers in the place where the stairs are supposed to be placed.
6. Make sure that the ends of the stringers rest against the floor of the first and the base of the second floor.
7. Check the evenness of all cuts for the subsequent installation of steps.

Installation of steps and railings

The steps can be fixed to the stringers using special wooden elements(fillies) or directly. Before installation, you need to prepare required quantity risers and treads, taking into account the size of the protrusions.

The first step is to install the risers. For this purpose, you can use screws or nails. However, connecting parts using triangular fillies is considered more reliable. The fillies are fixed with dowels, for which grooves are pre-cut in the stringers. For additional strength, the parts are “set” with glue and fastened with self-tapping screws.

When all the steps are installed, you can begin installing balusters and railings, for fastening which screws and studs are used.

The final stage is opening the stairs with varnish. This procedure will protect the structure from harmful insects, mold and dampness.

Marching stairs: photo ideas for various decors

Today the majority country houses built on two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises with moving between levels, or more precisely, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes you can use various materials, both traditional and modern. But probably one of the most popular materials for building stairs (and other structures) remains wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do it yourself. This article will talk about how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Preparatory stage

Before you start building a wooden staircase in a country house, it is worth considering some details. Firstly, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction they are most often used two types of stairs:

• marching;
• screw.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. However, such designs are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves are quite narrow; it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along them (not to mention carrying large-sized furniture or objects).

The most common option for a private home is considered wooden staircase. Such designs can be easily made with your own hands. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Marching stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can have one or two flights. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.

Secondly, it's worth decide on some more parameters. Namely:

• how much free space you can allocate for installing stairs;
• what is the height between floors;
• which one maximum load the ladder will have to withstand;
• what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what their height and width are, what kind of railings to use, etc.).

You can decide on the appearance by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be completely implemented independently, with your own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.

Once you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to make calculations of the future structure and its drawing. At the beginning calculate all indicators. Namely:

It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you go up the steps, your head should be clear so that you don't hit yourself. The length of the string or bowstring is also calculated.

Preparing the necessary material and tools

Knowing all the design parameters, you can prepare required material . Wooden stairs can be made from different species. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. Most often used conifers. They are quite durable, easy to process and inexpensive.

When purchasing wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. There should be no rotting areas, fallen knots or deformations on the boards. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.

For installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:

• bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and their width should be in accordance with the size of the steps. The length of the bar must be enough for the entire length of the march; sewing two bars together is not allowed;
• tread boards 40 mm thick;
• boards for steps 30 mm thick;
• it is better to purchase balusters, railings and other accessories ready-made, they will have a more aesthetic appearance;
• galvanized self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts for fastening.

In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:

• devices for marking and measuring (tape tape, rulers, construction corner);
• To make holes you will need a drill (preferably an electric one);
• a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
• screwdriver or better screwdriver with a set of nozzles;
• hammer and chisel for making grooves;
• plane (preferably electric);
• sanding cloth.

And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.

Building a staircase

Now let's get acquainted with the instructions for installing the wooden staircase itself in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can get started. Installation of stairs do it yourself in the following sequence:

This completes the assembly of the stairs. Remains only cover all surfaces protective layer in the form of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.

If you want to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and select good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by yourself, is ready. It will surely decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort to it.

If you plan to make a wooden staircase with your own hands - step-by-step instruction with photos, videos and installation projects posted on this portal will be an excellent guide in this matter. To prepare for the process, you need to stock up necessary tool and materials.

Wooden march between the first and second floors

Materials and parameters

Lumber: board 40 and 25 cm wide, 4 to 2.5 cm thick, beams 5x5 cm, wood glue, paints and varnishes, galvanized tie rods, screws and corners. The equipment used includes a hand-held circular saw, a screwdriver, brushes, abrasive sandpaper, a clamp, a chisel, and a grinder.

For correct placement, the slope is determined to be 25 - 40 degrees. The gap between the steps is 19 cm. The tread width is 25 cm or more. The height of the handrails is 90 cm. The string of the structure is made from pine edged boards with parameters 40 cm wide and 4 cm thick.

Wooden staircase installation

Installation of a regular straight staircase

• Here you can find out the best way to create a wooden staircase with your own hands; a video with step-by-step instructions will allow you to build the structure as quickly and correctly as possible:

• Marking of areas for installation of treads is provided by means of a circular using a template. To do this, cuts are made 1 cm deep. Using a chisel, the mass of wood between the cuts is removed. The finished bowstring is mounted on the workplace.
• The bowstrings are fixed using screws to floor surface. To do this, you should stock up on a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.

Solid wood staircase

• Steps are cut out of boards 25 cm wide using a circular saw. The thickness of the steps is adjusted to the width of the span, no less than 2.5 cm. The end parts are processed with a grinding machine for more reliable fixation with the bowstring.
• The steps and strings are assembled using wood glue. The end parts of the steps and the grooves in the bowstring are smeared. Galvanized rods with threaded ends are used for the screed. Nuts with wide spacers are screwed onto them.
• Two boards are fixed to the installed rack at a level of 90 cm. They will provide the functions of handrails.
• 3.5 inch steel stand.
• Solid wood 1x8.
• Wooden elements 1×12.
• Connectors in the form of racks.
• Supports for handrails.
• Handrails with specified parameters.
• Metal base for steps.
• Welding machine.

Spiral staircase: Materials for making

Timber staircase structure

Step-by-step installation

In the design under consideration, the distance between the floors is 3 m. Then the total height is divided by the selected size of the steps and their number is obtained: 300 cm ÷ 18 cm = 16.6 pcs.

The top position will end with the 17th step (rounded result). The width of the steps along the inner edge is 10 cm. Calculation of the outer edge begins with determining the outer diameter of the stairs without handrails.

The middle post and 2 steps form a cross-section of 172 cm. To determine the circumference, you need to multiply the diameter of the staircase by 3.14. Then 172 cm x 3.14 = 540 cm. Since 17 steps are to be installed, 210 ÷ 17 = 32 cm. To create an overlap of 2.5 cm, the width of the steps on the outside is 35 cm.

Pine staircase

Support part

The screw device is created using a central metal support and bases for the steps. For B-pillar with a diameter of 20 cm, 400 cm are cut off. Of these, 300 are allocated for 17 steps, 90 cm for the fence at the top and 10 cm protrude for the reserve.

The pillar is marked at the points where it is planned to erect steps, that is, every 17.64 cm. The upper part is crowned with a thick round plate welded to the pillar. At the bottom, a square platform is created with a height of 1 cm and dimensions of 30 by 30 cm. Gaps are made at each corner of the platform for anchors and fixed to the base.

Board steps

Placement of steps

The steps are attached to the central support in the marked areas. Each subsequent step overlaps the previous one by 2.5 cm so that the supports for the connection can be fixed. They attach one step to another. This can be done using metal or wood. Then all the bases of the steps are fixed to the central support. Wooden steps are placed on the bases. Gaps are made in the places connecting the supports.

Then you can screw 3 railing posts onto the step so that there is a gap of no more than 10 cm between them. After installing the posts, you can fix the handrails. When purchasing material, it is important to observe the ability to form bends in the direction of the stairs.

Hardwood steps

When implementing decorative processing, you can paste over the metal support wood materials. Varnish coatings are used to finish the steps. They are applied over a primed surface.

Attention! Widely used wooden steps in combination with glass, metal and plastic handrails.

For installation of structures they are used adhesive compositions With different types fastenings. However, their design may place too much stress on the product.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase - step-by-step instructions, calculations, photo and video installation

If you plan to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, step-by-step instructions with photos, videos and installation projects posted on this portal will be an excellent guide in this matter. To prepare for the process, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials. Wooden march between the first and second floors

Create your own dream staircase!

Pivot staircase made of pine with winder steps

For any private house with several floors, a staircase is mandatory element. But in addition to its utilitarian function, this element also has important aesthetic significance. And if you made a wooden staircase with your own hands, this is also another argument in favor of the talents and excellent taste of the owners of the home. The same can be applied to beautiful porch, which is even easier and faster to work on.

In this article we will briefly introduce you to how you can independently and economically go through all the stages from drawings and calculations and get an original staircase or porch in your home.

Invitation step design

Why wooden?

"Blind" spiral wooden staircase

If we compare wood with other materials for construction, its advantages are immediately obvious. This material is relatively inexpensive, easy enough to process even for a beginner and allows you to vary well both the design features of the porch or interfloor staircase and their color scheme. You can easily verify this by looking at photos of finished products in our collection or a training video on their calculations and production in thematic articles on the site.

An economical option in home construction is usually pine. It is classified as a type of inexpensive soft wood. If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands from this wood, keep in mind that it also has disadvantages:

• it quickly loses its texture stability, which is why the steps will constantly creak during operation;
• it darkens and partially loses its aesthetic appearance.

Most often, pine is used to make a wooden porch with your own hands. In the photo below you can see that such a porch is quite common in country houses with an elevated foundation or in country house construction.

For the front flight it is customary to use more expensive types of wood - oak/beech and larch.

The first will give the structure strength and solidity, while the second is characterized by increased moisture resistance. The price of such wood is easily compensated by its durability.

High porch on foundation

What will you need for the stairs?

First of all, you should create the very concept of the future design. Any construction of wooden stairs with your own hands comes down to 2 technological options:

1. Spiral staircases. This option is the most ergonomic, because even one and a half square meters of floor is enough to accommodate them. They also win in terms of stylish design, a version of which you can choose from numerous photos available on our website and made by yourself. The only problem is that it will be very difficult for beginners to make competent calculations of such a design, blanks according to the drawings and install it.
2. Marching stairs. This classic version with spans and railings. The construction of a marching model is within the capabilities of anyone who takes the time to watch our thematic videos on wooden stairs created with their own hands. This design, indispensable for a porch or country house, can be mounted on stringers or bowstrings (the first option is the simplest).

Having decided on the model, all that remains is to stock up on materials and the necessary carpentry tools, which must include a screwdriver.

Beech quarter turn staircase

Main stages of construction

For clarity, we have compiled a list of the main steps for successfully creating a flight of stairs.

Carrying out calculations

Accurate calculations that allow you to determine the dimensions of a staircase or porch, their location, the amount of building materials, and the correct drawings are already 80% of a successful result in the staircase business! There are truisms here that should always be adhered to:

Drawing of a 2-flight span

• the slope of the stairs for comfortable ascent should not exceed 45 degrees;
• the site should be equipped only if the number of feet in the span is more than 10;
• standard tread (step width) is from 25 to 35 cm;
• the height of the riser should not exceed 16-18 cm;
• convenient march width – 1.2 m;
• The safe height of the railing is about a meter.

When making wooden stairs with your own hands, calculations are much easier if you use special computer programs from the category " construction calculators", guaranteeing the accuracy of calculations.

Having calculated the parameters, you can start making your own drawings for a wooden staircase. If you do not have sufficient experience in this matter, then you can take photos of similar drawings as an example.

Marking and manufacturing of structural elements

Work with blanks for an interfloor staircase or porch should begin by marking them using a ruler and a special corner. This procedure should be approached very responsibly, because even a slight distortion of the calculations can ruin steps, railings or balusters.

Afterwards you can move on to cutting out the steps and risers. The best way to do this efficiently and quickly is with a special electric saw with adjustable angles and depth of cut. A standard step that will replace the stencil will help simplify the procedure. The thickness of the board for treads and risers should not be less than 40 mm. Do not forget about the sufficient width and good margin of safety that the porch steps should have. If the steps are ready, you can work on stringers or bowstrings, for which timber with a thickness of at least 50 mm is used.

Simple design without risers

Assembly and installation of stairs

After all the elements are ready, the stringers are attached to the floor and ceilings and for strength (depending on the location of the stairs) they can be additionally fixed to the wall or reinforced with a board in the area of ​​​​every third step. Then, according to the markings, steps and risers are attached to the beams. Here it is necessary to align all horizontal and vertical angles exactly at 90 degrees. The parts are secured using wood glue and stainless steel screws, while high-quality gluing of all joints will not allow the stairs to creak.

The final part of the installation is the installation of railings and balusters. Here you can cheat a little and buy finished goods in the store for the simple reason that these elements can be manufactured perfectly symmetrically and with high quality without special machine impossible at home. For safety reasons, special attention should be paid to the strength and reliability of fastening of these support parts.

To have a complete understanding of the sequence of work, detailed process installation can be previewed on video or use photos in step-by-step instructions.

Balusters with metal pin

Product processing

The manufacture of the staircase is completed by protecting its elements from rotting. This, after sanding the boards, can be done using paint, varnish or stain, thanks to which the stairs will be protected from the external environment and will not make annoying squeaks. Internal structures will help to fit best into the interior varnish coating. The photo shows that beautiful spiral staircases are always varnished.

For porch steps, it is good to use several layers of drying oil and paint. Also, to prevent their wear and prolong their service life, it is advisable to protect the wood with a special moisture- and abrasion-resistant non-slip coating. It would not be amiss to equip the porch with a canopy above it to protect it from snow and rain. Both in the photo and in life, such visors give the design even greater completeness and unity of style.

We hope that the presented material has convinced you that making wooden stairs yourself is not such a difficult process. If the article interests you, please rate or comment on it in the fields below.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase: photo, video, drawing, calculation

A wooden staircase created with your own hands will bring great satisfaction. Stock up good drawing and follow our instructions.

How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands

Single-story buildings in the private sector are erected only to provide economic activity, and are used as auxiliary buildings. A full-fledged residential building with at least 2 floors. Therefore, one cannot do without such a functional element as a staircase to the second floor.

The problem of moving from one level to another can be solved simply - buy ready set and install it yourself.

Its cost starts from approximately 33,000 rubles (pine, 14 steps, turning staircase with two flights). Do-it-yourself installation is easy. The problem is different - how will it fit into the interior, will it be necessary to adjust individual elements or partially reconstruct the 1st floor?

Many companies provide services for the production of sets according to customer drawings, but as practice shows, such stairs are 1.5 times more expensive. That is why, most often, the most acceptable option is to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, from scratch.

How to do this, what to pay attention to - this is what this article is devoted to.

Terminology

Before we look at design features, it is necessary to “decipher” some specific definitions. The main elements are shown in the diagrams.

• Step. Its horizontal part is called the tread, the vertical part (it may not exist) is called the riser.
• Support beams. If the steps are adjacent to them with their end parts, then this is a bowstring. If they “overlap” the beam and their edges protrude beyond it, then it is called a stringer.
• Railing supports. They are more often called balusters or pillars. For a screw structure, the term rack is used.
• Fasteners. In some types of stairs, the steps are fixed directly to the adjacent wall using special bolts - bolts.

Types of staircase designs

For self-production, the simplest ones are marching ones. For a private house they are installed in one or two bays. Do-it-yourself spiral staircases are much more complex (discussed here). In addition, production necessary calculations has its own specifics for them.

Features of calculating staircase parameters

The following are given general recommendations, which it is only advisable to focus on when designing an internal staircase. Since all houses (and premises) differ in architecture, dimensions, and layout, there cannot be any single template in principle.

The optimal slope of the flights is in the range from 35 to 450. Steeper stairs are much more difficult to climb (especially for people with disabilities, the elderly or small children). And carrying large, heavy items from floor to floor will also become more difficult.

A flatter design is inconvenient because it will require more space for its installation, since the length of each span will increase. And what specific angle to choose is at the discretion of the owner.

It is unlikely that anyone in a private house will move from floor to floor as part of a “group of comrades”, so when drawing up a diagram it is advisable to focus on the dimensions of one person. A staircase with a width of about 1.2 - 1.5 m for a private house is a completely acceptable option. And walking on it, and even carrying pieces of furniture will be quite convenient.

Step parameters

• Tread. It should completely fit a person’s foot (based on size 45), so optimal width steps - within 250 - 300 mm.
• Riser. In order to make it convenient for people of any height and age to move, its height is taken within the range of 150 - 200 mm. Quite sufficient, regardless of design.

On a note! All specified dimensions are absolutely the same for each step of one staircase. Otherwise, there is no need to talk about ease of movement.

Stair height

Defined as the distance from flooring ground floor to ceiling + floor thickness. For example, 270 + 40 – 310 (cm).

Number of steps

The height of the structure (310) is divided into the sum of the size of the riser and the thickness of the tread board, and then rounded up to a whole value (up). For example, if a “magpie” is used, then 20 + 4 = 24 cm.

Total – 310: 24 = 13 (steps).

Recommendation: for stairs with more than 18 steps and a steepness of 450, special platforms should be installed. Depending on their purpose, they are called differently - rotary, viewing, intermediate. Consequently, the staircase itself will already consist of separate flights (flights). They can be of the same type, or made according to various schemes, since the site is not necessarily located exactly in the center of the structure.

Stair length

It is not difficult to determine, knowing the number of steps and the size of each tread. These values ​​are multiplied. If the steps have protrusions, they are not taken into account.

Sometimes calculations show that such a design “does not fit” in a particular room. In such cases, either the number of marches is increased, or so-called winder (turning) steps are installed.

Span height relative to floor

It is necessary to focus on human height + a small margin. The optimal design is considered to be one in which the distance between the outer steps and the ceiling is at least 2 m. Otherwise, a tall person will have to bow his head at the end of the flight.

In most cases, the type of wood chosen is pine. It is inexpensive, but it is not characterized by durability. Larch is in many ways preferable. The presence of a special resin in its structure makes the material even stronger when absorbing moisture. And this is important for a home staircase, given the specifics of its operation. All other options, for example, oak, cedar, maple and a number of others cannot be called budget.

Before you start working with wood, it must be thoroughly dried. Further shrinkage of the material (including twisting) will lead to the ladder literally falling apart.

Work procedure for installing stairs

Let's take a closer look simple example- single-flight stairs. This option can be considered basic, since the algorithm of actions is the same, regardless of the number of spans.

Preparation of structural elements

• Stringers. The main requirement is that they must be absolutely identical. The board is only solid, without defects, no less than “forty”. Accordingly, cuts are made in advance for the steps.
• Steps. The edges must be rounded, as sharp edges increase the risk of injury. The board chosen is absolutely flat, carefully processed (polished). The length is calculated so that their edges protrude beyond the stringers by no more than 2 - 4 cm. Thickness - in the range of 300 - 400 mm.
• Risers. They do not experience significant load, since it falls mainly on the support beams. In order not to increase the total weight of the span, a board of 15 is enough for them.

Advice - for a private house it is better not to install risers, since cleaning a staircase of this (closed) type is much more difficult.

• Handrails, balusters. It is unlikely to be possible to make them yourself so that the staircase becomes not only a means of transportation, but also a decoration of the house. Therefore, these structural elements should either be purchased in a store or ordered from a workshop.

Assembling the stairs

Wall marking

In accordance with the installation diagram and drawing.

Fastening support beams (stringers)

The upper part of the march is fixed in different ways (whatever is more convenient). Option No. 1 - cuts are made in the floor beam. Option No. 2 - metal stops are used, which are secured to the beam with anchors. In any case, the connection point between the structural elements should be as reliable as possible.

To secure the bottom of the stringers, a support beam is mounted on the floor. To the wall - fixation with anchor bolts.

Installation of risers

If they are mounted, they are screwed to the stringers.

Laying steps

They are fixed both on the support beams and on the risers (at least at one point, in the center).

For ease of operation, the installation of steps begins from the bottom. The options are shown in the diagram.

Installation of balusters

First of all, the extreme ones are fixed - at the top and bottom of the march. A “string” is stretched between them, focusing on which, you can mount the remaining racks.

Installation of handrails

They are fixed on each of the racks, which are located on the march. They can be made from almost any material - metal, plastic, not just wood.

The article outlines only general order actions and basic recommendations were given. Having decided on a specific staircase design, you should study all available material on this topic, since different models have their own nuances of both installation and calculations of individual components. For example, rotary steps, which can be either rectangular or segmental.

You can watch the video instructions for making a wooden staircase:

But the general operating regulations are described in detail, and the author hopes that this article will help the reader in the matter of independent construction. Good luck!

How to build a wooden staircase to the second floor - manufacturing technology - diagram and video

Modern private country houses are growing like mushrooms, or rather like pine trees or even sequoias. Not uncommon today country houses two or even three floors. There are also houses with an attic. Not to mention the two-level apartments. In order to go upstairs you need stairs or an elevator. The latter, of course, is self-indulgence, although it has its place. We’ll talk about how to make a wooden staircase on your own.

One might assume that this is not so difficult, but in reality such work has its own subtleties and requires knowledge of the matter. After all, you don’t need just any staircase, but a structure that is beautiful, durable and so safe that it can be safely used for a long time.

How to make a wooden staircase yourself

Stairs for country house, dachas or cottages are often made of wood. Right choice durable wood guarantees that the staircase will last a long time. At the same time, the environmental component is of no small importance.

Types and types of staircase designs for a private house

The choice of staircase is often limited by the available space for its installation, and of course the budget. But, it is better to be guided by the convenience of location and aesthetic preferences. Among existing structures The most common wooden staircases are marching and spiral.

Spiral staircases

A spiral wooden staircase to the second floor of a private house is a convenient option when space is limited. Such a ladder can be placed on a heel of 1.5 meters. True, it can only be used to move one person up or down. It will no longer be possible to lift something large, such as furniture.

In addition, the wooden spiral staircase has complex design, and its construction requires more labor.

At the same time, many nuances have to be taken into account: check the structure for strength, first of all, the supporting racks must be reliable.

The complexity of the design is due to the fact that the main parts have to be calculated taking into account all the design features.

Experienced specialists can handle this type of work better. It is difficult to do it yourself without special skills and tools.

Marching stairs

Wooden stairs for the house can be single-flight, two-flight, three-flight and multi-flight (each of them is used in certain conditions, which depend on the number of floors and area of ​​the building).

Marching stairs are divided into straight and rotary according to their orientation. Can be placed along the wall or as independent design in the middle of the room.

It is worth noting that the installation of a straight staircase requires sufficient free space, as it takes up a lot of space. In general, this type of design is much easier to implement independently compared to the screw version.

Straight marching wooden staircase

If the number of steps is more than 10, it is recommended to divide the staircase into two parts, connecting them together with an intermediate platform. If necessary and to save space (this depends on the characteristics of the room), the staircase can go up from the intermediate platform with a turn, the so-called staircase with turning steps (trapezoidal steps, which are also called winder steps).

A staircase that turns 90 degrees is called a quarter turn. The half-turn staircase has a rotation angle of 180 degrees.

When the turn is 360 degrees, then this is already a variant of a circular or spiral staircase. Although, in principle, this is an ordinary flight of stairs with winder steps and rotated by * degrees.

Rotary marching staircase made of wood

Combined stairs

Depending on the layout and design of the house, it is possible to install a combined staircase structure, which will consist of two or more types of stairs. For example, a flight of stairs on a certain flight is complemented by a screw element supported on bowstrings or stringers. Of course, such a design is very complex and requires precise calculations.

Types of wooden stairs

Before choosing one design or another, you should sensibly assess your capabilities. It is better to have a simpler straight staircase, but reliable and made of high-quality materials, than an intricate spiral or combined one, the construction of which may not have enough money or effort.

And of course, space is of decisive importance, so that later it does not turn out that the stairs will take up more than half of the house.

Start with measurements and calculations. Draw a drawing or order from specialists. You can even create a 3D model of the future staircase and clearly see the location in your layout.

Interfloor wooden stairs - selection of components and load-bearing elements

It's possible that created staircase will be your first experience, then best choice there will be a straight staircase. This option is easy to manufacture, its installation and assembly are also not very complicated, and the resulting result will meet all the basic requirements for strength, convenience and durability.

Making wooden stairs with your own hands

Making a wooden staircase with your own hands is possible if you have the appropriate tools, high-quality lumber and experience.

Material for staircase construction:

• Bars for steps, the thickness of which must be at least 40 mm.
• The boards are approximately the same width and size as specified in the project.
• Beams for tread 30-40 mm.
• Beams for risers no less than 30 mm.
• Beam for stringers or strings 50x250 mm.
• You can make handrails, railings and balusters yourself, but it is better to buy ready-made ones.
• Stainless steel screws are used for fastening.

The pictures show drawings of wooden stairs

Structural elements wooden stairs Scheme of a wooden staircase to the second floor Diagram - methods of attaching the bowstring of a wooden staircase Scheme - marking the stringer of a wooden staircase Drawing of a wooden staircase to the 2nd floor of the house Wooden staircase parameters

Do-it-yourself installation of a wooden staircase:

1. As mentioned above, you first need to think through the design, calculate the number of steps and determine the dimensions of the staircase (width, length), can be downloaded on the Internet finished drawing or make a simple diagram yourself.
2. A standard march can be built with the steps supported by strings that run from both sides. Another fastening option involves supporting the steps on stringers, which are beams located at the bottom of the steps.
3. All steps are first connected to strings, then the structure is strengthened with supporting bars, which are placed under the stairs at an equal distance from each other. With a sufficiently high angle of inclination of the march, there is no need for bars, although it is still advisable to install them to guarantee safety.
4. The bottom and top of the bowstring should be attached to the walls, floor or ceiling.

Fastening stair steps to stringers

The performance and decorative qualities of a wooden staircase, its ability to withstand humidity and other influences, for example, wood pests, are significantly increased when it is treated with a special varnish or stain. Such a staircase will not lose its original appearance for a long time. appearance and reliability.

How to make a wooden staircase with your own hands - video instructions

Photos of wooden stairs for home

Oak staircase with carved piers Rotating wooden staircase Wooden staircase with a turn for a country house Spiral wooden staircase for a summer house How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor

Hello everybody!
How to get to an object that is at a height beyond your reach? How to collect fruits from the very top of a tree or paint a house? Such questions, most likely, have visited you more than once; it was for these purposes that a special device was invented, which is called a Stepladder.

Stepladders are perhaps the most popular and necessary stairs, they are used in everyday life and in other areas of activity.
This article will describe a method for making an extension ladder, with detailed photo report.

To make the stairs we will need:

Materials:

Two beams 60*40 mm;
- timber 50*35 mm;
- self-tapping screws;
- dye.

Tool:

Wood saw or other available cutting tool;
- Sander;
- drill;
- hammer;
- axe;
- mount.

Let's start by taking two vertical strings with a beam cross-section of 60*40 mm, we take its length at our discretion, in in this case length was 3.6 m.

In order to make the stairs strong and the upper edge of the steps to be horizontal when tilted, we make special notches, apply markings in the places where we plan to install the steps, take the distance between the rungs to be 30 cm. We use timber for the steps with a section of 50 mm, according to these dimensions We make markings and apply them on both sides of the bowstring. Next, mark the depth of the notch - 15-20 mm. We connect the resulting marks with an oblique line, as shown in the photo.

Then, using a sharp ax and a hammer, we remove part of the wood at an angle, but before doing this, we need to make a recess along the marked line with a hacksaw, this is so that the timber does not split in a place that is unnecessary for us.

We use the ax as a plane, leveling the angle of the notch.

In a similar way we make notches on both bowstrings.

Next, using a grinding machine, we process the surface of the timber.

We need to carefully align the notches we made.

Now, using paint, we paint the inside of the nicks. Set them aside until completely dry.

Next, we take a beam with a cross section of 50*35 mm for the steps, it needs to be slightly modified. We take a plane and use it to remove the chamfer. We perform the same operation on each block.

Then you need to make one of the sides of the beams the base one; to do this, take a corner ruler and apply markings using a pencil.

When everything is ready, using cutting tool saw off all uneven edges, then treat the surface grinder, smooth the ends.

Now you can move on to making the upper and lower rungs of the stairs. In order to distinguish the top and bottom of the staircase, it needs to be made with a slight narrowing. The top part should be shorter than the bottom. We take the width of the stairs to be 65 cm at the bottom and 55 cm at the top. You can take other sizes at your discretion. Using a tape measure, mark the length.

Using a square, we apply markings in the place where the future step will be cut.

Let's start cutting.

When the steps are ready, we process the ends with a grinding machine.

Next, we find the center at the edges of the beam; to do this, we need to step back from each edge by half the thickness of the string (20 mm).

Then we make holes for self-tapping screws at the marked centers. The self-tapping screw should fit freely into this hole.

We make a countersink using a larger diameter drill.

Now we install the top and bottom crossbars, placing and aligning them in the notch. We make the ends of the steps flush with the side parts of the bowstrings. After this, through the existing holes in the steps, we make a mark of the place where the hole will need to be drilled. They are needed so that the screws do not split the wood when twisted. The holes were made with a drill 0.2-0.3 smaller than the thickness of the screws.

Now you can fix the step in its place, but before that you should paint the pressing side of the crossbar.

When the stairs are given the required dimensions, we add the missing steps; to do this, we lay out the prepared bars in the notches, aligning the base ends flush with the side parts of the bowstrings.

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