Pitched roofs divisible by 8 large groups, among which a special place is occupied by the type of roof with one inclined plane.
Of course, hardly anyone can compete with, whose peak of popularity fell in the second half of the last century.
However, nowadays specialists and construction workers Customers are increasingly paying attention to .
The essence and peculiarity of such a shelter is extremely simple. The load-bearing structure rests on multi-level external walls.
This phenomenon has a very attractive appearance, but due to its structural features it is not advisable to use it to create the “top” of a house, cottage or any other important building or premises.
One inclined surface ideal for verandas, terraces, as well as storage and utility rooms.
One of the main advantages of this eaves is wind resistance.. A certain option is due to the design, since in in this case We are not talking about serious slopes of the covered surface.
ATTENTION!
To reduce dependence on precipitation in the form of snow, it is necessary to take a more careful approach to calculating the cross-sections of the structural components during the design period. Regarding insulation - this aspect Particularly important at minimal angles of inclination.
Thus, the area of influence of the wind force is significantly reduced, which leads to stable resistance to air gusts. If the room is located in an area prone to frequent winds, experts recommend installing curbs.
Consequently, these measures will reduce the likelihood of the roof being picked up to a minimum. It is advisable to use galvanized iron or tiles as the top layer of the border to avoid dampness of the fences.
Very often, when it comes to construction or renovation, a person tries to buy the necessary materials as profitably as possible and at budget prices. A canopy with one slope fits perfectly into the “economy” category, and besides, cheap prices are not reflected in its appearance.
Eg, costs are half as much as compared to a gable surface.
Construction maintenance of the roofing process of a pitched roof does not require special knowledge and many years of experience in the architectural field. Everything is extremely simple, so you can tackle this matter with your own hands. Quite uncomplicated and...
In addition to the above advantages, we note the following:
- Rational use of available space in the attic. As an option - creating an attic floor;
- Relatively light weight inclined plane, which excludes the connection to the process of installing lifting equipment;
- No restrictions regarding the area of the house;
- High level of maintainability;
- Possibility of choice (the only nuance is taking into account the angle of inclination);
- Preconditions for installing solar panels.
Installation of solar panels
The list of shortcomings is several times shorter:
- For the sake of an attractive appearance, you need to try. Focus on the quality of materials and facade work;
- Increased sensitivity to snow loads;
- The need to strengthen the hydraulic and inclined plane;
- Complicated organization due to fluid flow on one side.
Increased sensitivity to snow loads
Is it worth making a private house with a pitched roof?
Despite the fact that in most cases similar ideas do not receive approval from professionals, there are situations when a house with this type of roof is a reasonable and safe solution.
CAREFULLY!
A roof with one slope is difficult to withstand precipitation.
Therefore, no precipitation - no problem, therefore being in an area with a dry climate, this idea can be safely implemented.
The slope in such a situation should be set within 5%. In its turn, regions with cold or temperate climate , which is spent more or less under snowfall, not very suitable for almost flat roof.
But if 10-20 years ago a geographical “diagnosis” was perceived as a death sentence, now they will simply take up the task of increasing the strength of the future roof. If you also achieve a slope in the range of 90-100%, then the idea is really feasible. Nowadays there are many opportunities in construction industry, But be prepared for additional costs.
Designing a pitched roof - what do you need to know?
Inclined planes are classified according to different criteria. In particular, this concerns the emphasis. There are two varieties - with emphasis on load-bearing walls of different or equal heights .
The first option is used more often, but a stumbling block may be the lack of a high external wall, which will preclude the establishment of a high slope. Second concept does not imply this, but this is probably where the advantages end - he much more expensive.
The issue of tilt is one of the main ones. The optimal range ranges from 10-30 degrees, the extreme range is 5-60 degrees.
The figure depends on the following factors:
- Volume of precipitation;
- Wind flow indicators;
- Selected roofing material.
The more precipitation there is in an area, the greater the slope. For example, in regions with heavy snowfall, the slope should be at least 40 degrees. Otherwise, there is a risk of damage to supporting structures due to accumulated precipitation.
Below are the degree correspondences to the types of shelter:
- 5-7 degrees for roofing felt;
- 3 degrees higher range y;
- 25-35 - for;
- Slightly lower requirements are put forward for slate (20-30 degrees), practically the same for seam roofing (18-28).
It is advisable to increase the degree marks by several units in areas where a lot of snow falls. Such non-compliance does not apply to metal tiles, because this threatens water ingress due to the low density of the seams.
An equally pressing issue is determining the type of roof in the context of ventilated/non-ventilated. In the first case, we are talking about a reliable and durable home surface, while the second option is suitable for “light” rooms like a terrace and, through a minimal slope (4-6 degrees), can bring a lot of trouble in the winter.
As a material for a single-pitched roof, the undisputed leader in demand is wood from the coniferous “family.” This is due to its resistance to rot, mold and other evil spirits. Pay attention to the percentage of humidity - the indicator should not exceed 20-22.
As a preventive pest control We recommend treating the wood with a fire retardant and antiseptic.
Houses with a pitched roof: photos of projects below.
House project
Two-story house project
One-story frame house project
Finnish house
Varieties of design and engineering
The top with one slope is not a limiter in the imagination of shaping the appearance of the roof.
Many successful projects have been implemented, within which a “broken” roof or through facades were created.
It is not necessary to copy an idea seen live or on the Internet - this type of house top is favorable to various architectural collages.
Projects of houses with a pitched roof:
Project example No. 1. Private house with an area of 240 sq.m. Additional premises and a ground floor are not provided. Cellular concrete is used as wall material, and reinforced concrete slabs are the basis of the foundation. Facing - plaster or wooden slats to choose from.
Project example No. 2. Two-storey house 225 sq.m. with attic, garage, balcony on the 2nd floor. The foundation is the same as in the first example, the walls are made of aerated concrete with brick cladding. It is possible to use decorative tiles. Roof type - to choose from, taking into account climatic conditions.
The main task is to harmoniously reunite those examples that are collected into one project. You should pay attention to the possibility of installing solar panels, which were already mentioned above - this will make the roof even more functional. And a competent one will keep your home safe and sound for a long time.
Shed roofs: projects and drawings
Drawing of a house with a pitched roof
Frame house project
House diagram
Useful video
In this video you will see an example of a house project with a pitched roof:
In contact with
The combination of dark wood wall cladding and light tiles looks very good, especially against the background of a pine forest and the water surface behind the house 
The roof slopes form above the terrace large canopy, protecting it from the rain. Moreover, the roof design allows this canopy to be made partially or completely glass. This creates a feeling of open, “street” space, the terrace does not seem closed 
The GLORIA HOUSE can fit perfectly into any natural landscape. The number of glass surfaces and façade finishing are selected taking into account the location 
This section of the terrace is closed from prying eyes It’s no coincidence that the door from the sauna opens here. Great place to relax outdoors after a steam bath 
Thanks to the abundance of glass surfaces in both the external walls and internal partitions, the house is filled with natural light all year round. Here, like nowhere else, you feel like living together with nature, feel the change of seasons 
Thanks to modern construction technologies and materials, the cost of heating a house is much lower than one would expect with such an abundance of windows and glass partitions 
Glass walls expand the living room space and allow all the nature surrounding the house to become an integral part of the life of its inhabitants 
Stained wood and smooth white walls are a simple and elegant combination that will always be in fashion. Although, if desired, the style of this cottage can be radically changed 
Please note: the top of all internal partitions is made of glass. That's why the house looks so spacious, filled with fresh air and sunlight. 
A utility room next to the kitchen, thanks to which it is freed from household “trifles”, such as washing machine and refrigerator 
A high-tech kitchen combined with a romantic view outside the window creates a unique image, where every corner demonstrates the skillful “implantation” of an architectural object into the surrounding area 
The bedroom looks very discreet. The mezzanine fencing and staircase enrich its appearance 
It seems that the sink stands on a solid decorative shelf, but in fact it contains three functional drawers 
Built-in wardrobes are located in the projections of the end walls, which saves space in the bedroom 
The guest bedroom, like the master bedroom, has panoramic glazing and a small bay window. Therefore, there are no “decorations” here, except for the view outside the window. 
The master bathroom is connected to the sauna and has its own access to the terrace. The very only area that is covered with lathing 
The house was built in such a way that from here, from the mezzanine, you can not only enjoy spectacular views of the entire interior space, but also magnificent landscapes outside the windows. That’s why household members love to relax so much right here, under the very roof. 
There is not much space on the mezzanine. But since the walls do not reach the ceiling and the space is not enclosed, you can arrange an additional comfortable bedroom here 
Ground floor plan
TO standard projects many are wary. And in vain. After all, a successful standard design does not prevent the use of a variety of architectural ideas and planning solutions, but at the same time guarantees proven quality of execution. A clear confirmation of this is the house we are talking about.
GLORIA HOUSE cottages can be considered the embodiment of the European idea of modern comfort of a country house. They are built from environmentally friendly materials, are high-tech, have standard design and many modifications, thanks to which they fit into any landscape. The cottage provides a large number of additional options, ranging from heated glass to the smart home system. However, the basic equipment provides very comfortable accommodation. The house we are going to talk about is one of the most expensive built by the manufacturer. But its design, main technological components, most finishing materials are still standard for the cottages of this company.
The house stands on concrete strip foundation, its reinforced concrete insulated floor rests on a sand-gravel cushion 50 cm thick (in cases where the quality of the base is unsatisfactory, it needs to be further prepared, but this is no longer part of the scope of standard construction tasks). During the work, water heating pipes, water supply distribution, ventilation and air conditioning pipes are laid in the floor. And the exhaust system groundwater and hidden drainage is located around the perimeter of the foundation cushion. In addition, storm drains from the roof of the building are connected to this network. The basis of the structure of the walls of the house is formed by a rigid frame of massive glued posts and beams, called a half-timbered structure. The peculiarity of half-timbered buildings is that any rooms or parts of the building can be glazed or made blank if desired. The design allows you to implement almost any planning option, because interior walls there are no load-bearing ones, which allows you to create large open spaces and change the layout. Here the owners used all the advantages of half-timbering: the house has large glazing surfaces, bay windows, and open interior spaces. But oh planning decisions we'll talk later, but now about the design of the building.
All frame connection elements are manufactured on an automatic line with high precision, so the process of constructing a cottage is short. One of the differences of the house is the absence of metal ties that spoil the interior. Basically, all the frame joints are wooden, like the traditional tenon joint. Metal ties are used, but rarely and only where traditional fastening is impossible or where additional guarantee of strength is needed. But in any case, the fastening elements are not visible in the finished building.
Painting of house parts is carried out in the factory. All parts arrive at the assembly site tinted and impregnated with Valtti AquaColor glaze antiseptics (TIKKURILA, Finland). This allows for long-term protection of wood and uniform painting, emphasizing its texture.
After installing the frame, the cell space is glassed or covered with insulated wooden sandwich panels in accordance with architectural plan. What is a typical sandwich panel? The outer skin is made of waterproof, and the inner skin is made of thick plywood (northern pine). Between them, a layer of insulation made from natural cellulose fiber is blown under pressure. WITH inside, construction paper was laid as a vapor barrier (so that the walls could “breathe” better). Wind insulation is provided by external waterproof plywood. All cladding elements are interconnected and screwed to the frame. The thickness of such a panel is at least 200 mm. Already finished wall can be finished different ways: lined with natural stone, lined with “lining” or, as in our case, with narrow wooden panels.
Double-glazed windows in half-timbered structures are mounted directly into the frame. As a rule, they occupy spaces from floor to ceiling; there are options with continuous glazing of the facade. Therefore, heat and soundproofing properties increased attention is paid to double-glazed windows.
Construction technology. Frame
The main advantages of the house - comfort and environmental friendliness - are predetermined, first of all, by the design of its walls. They are framed, half-timbered (Fig. 1), which means they have a cellular structure, are rigid and light, and therefore allow the use of an inexpensive shallow foundation. It is easy to diversify the filling of their cells and give the exterior decoration an elegant or formal look. In this house, more than 70% of the wall surface is glazed, filling the house with light and wonderful pictures of the surrounding forest and lake.
The frame of the walls, as well as the load-bearing elements of the roof and terraces are built from laminated non-warping beams (pine), impregnated protective compounds in factory conditions. All elements of the frame were connected to each other on spikes, and only in particularly critical or inaccessible places were metal corners, brackets or plates placed.
The lower support beam of the frame, 145 mm wide, rests on the body of a strip, smoothly smoothed foundation. Although the timber is separated from the concrete waterproofing tape, it is securely fixed using anchor bolts and the floor side is insulated with expanded polystyrene. In the locations of blind walls, the frame was expanded with additional frames to increase the depth of the cavities (up to 190 mm) for laying insulation. All unglazed
The cells of the half-timbered structure were sheathed on the outside with waterproof antiseptic plywood 9 mm thick (Fig. 2). Along the long walls, the frame is reinforced on top with a Mauerlat beam (270-90 mm). And the frame of the walls acquired full spatial rigidity after being connected to the roof truss system.
Internal partitions are also made according to frame diagram from bars with a cross section of 40 50 and 50 60 mm (Fig. 3). They were attached to the floor, columns and walls using frame dowels. Later, the partitions were filled with soundproofing linen mats Pellavilla, and in the sauna - Vital slabs made of cellulose fiber (VITAL FINLAND). The partitions were finally finished with lacquered white panels from SCHAUMAN WOOD.
Construction technology. Facing
The walls were tiled after installing windows and external doors. Blind sections of the external walls, occupying about a quarter of their area, were decorated with panels with a cross-section of 140 30 mm made of dense antiseptic northern pine (Fig. 4). They were sewn horizontally along a vertical sheathing of 50-22 mm, leaving gaps (3 cm) at the base and roof overhang for ventilation.
Construction technology. Roof
The roof is gable (angle of inclination - 20), layered, well insulated. The legs of the rafters, made of two boards with a cross-section of 170 45 mm, united in width, rest on a ridge beam and a mauerlat beam on the outer walls (Fig. 2). The ridge girder rests on five columns (Fig. 7), each of which has its own foundation column. The legs are connected to each other and to the supports
Using metal squares and plates. On top, the rafters are protected with a diffusion waterproof Tyvek Supro film, which is secured with a sheathing for BENDERS tiles (Sweden). The rafters are covered from below with plastic film and covered with tinted and varnished two-strip “lining” and false beams with a cross-section of 90–70 mm (Fig. 7, 8, 16). The space between the tiles and the “lining” is filled with insulation. The roof overhangs are made wide (3050 mm) - they form a shelter for the terrace.
Construction technology. Insulation of the house
Almost every corner of the house is insulated: concrete floor, corners and blind cells of the frame, mauerlat, roof. The windows have electrically heated double-glazed windows. The filling of the “sandwiches” of the walls and roof includes insulation with a thickness of 190 and 400 mm, respectively. Insulation technology is the know-how of the material manufacturer Ekovilla (EKOVILLA, Finland). It consists of crumbled cellulose fibers with the addition of foamed borate powder. The work is carried out
Subcontractor after building the shell of the house: the exterior walls and roof are sheathed, electrical wiring is installed in the frame. To ensure that the insulation fits more tightly into the cavity, it is slightly moistened. Filling is carried out in sections, starting from the roof. The designated area is covered with plastic film (Fig. 5, 6) and insulation is blown under it through a hose. Then they give him
Let the fibers “stick together” and dry with warm air. After this, the area is lined, keeping the film as a vapor barrier. On the walls (Fig. 8, 9, 10), the film can be replaced with kraft paper to improve steam removal. Hard-to-reach areas are insulated with Paroc mineral wool.
Construction technology. Wiring
The main “controller” in the house turned out to be a concrete floor 80 mm thick. The cold and hot water connections are hidden inside it (Fig. 21); power supply cables (Fig. 12) to appliances in the kitchen, sauna, utility and technical rooms, to window heating transformers and outdoor lighting; warm water heating circuits
Floors (Fig. 11); pipes of the PUZER central vacuum cleaner system (Finland). Cables and pipelines are hidden in corrugated hoses. For water supply networks pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene were used. Electrical wiring was carried out using copper according to a scheme with zero protective grounding. Wiring to switches and sockets was carried out inside the frame of walls and partitions using NYM cable (Spain). For heated floors, a material system from WIRSBO (Sweden) was used.
Construction technology. Window
Translucent structures of the house occupy almost three quarters of its external walls (Fig. 13, 8). Most of these structures are blind display windows with a height of 2850 mm. They are equipped with double-chamber double-glazed windows with electrically heated SGG Eglas glass. Packages with a thickness of 31 mm were mounted directly into the cells of the frame with a quarter of 27 mm selected in them. Sealed with silicone sealant. They were pressed to the frame with platbands through soft felt
Gasket. In order not to destroy the package with excessive force, when tightening the screws, short spacers of calibrated thickness were placed under the platbands (Fig. 14). Above the large windows, the openings are filled with double-glazed windows, but of “normal” sizes. Windows with a folding transom are built into some cells of the frame for ventilation (Fig. 15).
The roof of the house is a typical element: a gable rafter structure without attic space, but with wide overhangs. The roof is a “pie” made of Exclusive Antique tiles (BENDERS) and a layer of insulation covered waterproofing film Tyvek Supro (DUPONT, France). Secret gutters are recessed into the roof structure (RANNILA, Finland). Wide overhangs are needed to protect the terraces from the sun and rain. But if there is not enough natural light on them, transparent triplex inserts are installed in the overhangs. Terraces surround the cottage almost along the entire perimeter. The level of the flooring coincides with the general level of the floor, which makes them a natural extension interior spaces. This increases the usable area of the building and allows you to organize the external space around it.
Of course, the interior design is chosen by the owners and cannot be completely typical. Nevertheless, some finishing elements are offered by the developer as optimal. All internal walls of the building are first covered with SCHAUMAN WOOD plywood cladding panels. They are treated with white translucent varnish Paneeli Dssd AssA (TIKKURILA). As an option, you can use high-quality wooden paneling from Eurolining. In the bathrooms there are ceramic tiles (on top of plasterboard or brick walls) and glass blocks. In this house, everywhere except the bathroom, there is no additional cladding. The end planes of the gables under the roof overhangs and the upper sections of the internal partitions are glazed. This solution creates a feeling of lightness and spaciousness that is necessary in country house. In addition, during the day, the darker wood-paneled ceiling is unobstructed by natural light along the entire length of the building. And in dark time illuminated by lamps that are hidden in a beam laid along the perimeter of the house.
Solid boards and ceramic tiles are used as floor coverings. And since GLORIA HOUSE houses are heated using heated floors, wooden coverings are used here that are suitable for constant contact with the heated base. In this case, a board made of heat-treated Real Floor birch (Finland), coated with Osmo Color composition based on natural oils and waxes.
A few words about planning decisions. The house is designed for permanent residence of a family of two adults, so all the necessary premises were placed on one floor and small open mezzanines half a floor high.
The central place in the interior is occupied by the combined living-dining-kitchen space with a fireplace. This is a double-height room with panoramic glazing and a large bay window; the ceilings at the highest point reach four meters. From here there are two exits to open terraces located on opposite sides of the building. Adjacent to this room is the master bedroom, bathroom and sauna on the right, and a guest bedroom and bathroom on the left. Both bedrooms have panoramic glazing and niches. From both you can go up to the mezzanine, of which there are two in the house - one in each wing.
Here is a house equipped and decorated according to the latest European construction fashion. Of course, the project can be significantly reduced in cost by eliminating many expensive elements, but the customers immediately took a different path. Well, everyone is free to choose the lifestyle that suits them.
Construction technology. Heating and ventilation
Supplying a home with heat and fresh air is as economical and efficient as it is unusual for Russian reality. First of all, heat is obtained not from burning fuel, but with the help of heat pump Finnish company IVT (Fig. 17). That is, it gathers bit by bit in the surrounding space. Most of it comes from the bowels of the earth through two pipes with antifreeze walled up in the well. Another amount is taken from the exhausted indoor air discharged outside. The heat pump heats water for the underfloor heating system (Fig. 17) and hot water supply. On days of severe frost, a fireplace (Fig. 16) with a power of 5 kW comes to his aid.
Ventilation in the house is forced. The network of ventilation ducts is laid partly under false ceilings (Fig. 19), partly (to remote areas) under the floor using flexible insulated hoses (Fig. 21). Not Fresh air is taken from the middle zone of the house through the grille (Fig. 16) and sent by a fan to the recuperator (Fig. 18) of the MEPTEK system. There, its heat is “appropriated” by a heat pump and sent to heat water. The recuperator also receives fresh air, which is heated in winter and cooled in summer using the same heat pump. Next, the conditioned air is distributed through air ducts (ceiling and underground) and enters the rooms of the house. The operation of the systems is controlled by smart electronics SСHNEIDER ELECTRIC (Germany).
Construction technology. Water supply
Cold water is supplied to the house from an independent well. It is equipped with an insulated caisson, where it stands pumping station and a 50-liter hydromembrane tank that maintains constant pressure in the water supply network. Water undergoes only mechanical purification to remove suspended matter. All hot water consumers are connected by separate pipelines (Fig. 21) to a collapsible manifold. into it hot water(with a temperature of 50 C) is supplied by a circulation pump from the buffer storage tank of the heat pump. Connections to plumbing fixtures are carried out according to the “from the wall” scheme using H GFORS fittings
(Finland) (Fig. 20). The wastewater is discharged by gravity sewer pipes made of PVC laid under the floor. The entry and distribution points for most communications are concentrated in the technical room, where the geothermal installation, the central unit of the ventilation systems and the power unit of the central vacuum cleaner are located.
Construction technology. Terrace
In terms of area and structural and architectural design, the terrace is perceived as an integral part of the house. Its roof is covered with a common roofing carpet with the main building, and the floors are made on the same level as its floors (Fig. 22). The skeleton of the terrace was erected immediately after the installation of the roof truss system. It rests on several (from 10 to 16 pieces in two rows, depending on the configuration of the terrace)
Shallow foundation pillars (250-250 mm) on each side of the house. Longitudinal double beams are laid on them through waterproofing gaskets, and on top of them are transverse logs, resting with their ends on the foundation strip of the building. In the pillars of the inner row
(5 pcs.) When pouring, two embedded rods with a threaded part (M20) protruding 100 mm above the concrete were inserted. When installing the terrace, support bushings were screwed onto these rods and wooden columns were lowered on top (Fig. 23), which support the purlin of the terrace roof (previously, holes for the rods were drilled in the ends of the columns). To ensure structural rigidity when the roof overhang is large across the terrace,
The roof rafters were extended on both sides with boards (120 45 mm) and a purlin was placed under them. The adjustable position of the columns allows them to be reliable contact with the purlin and, if necessary, lower it as the house settles. Depending on the architectural design of a particular building, some areas of the overhang
Roofs can be decorated from below with “lining” or covered with translucent material. After sheathing the walls from the outside, electrical wiring (in metal hoses) was laid in the underground terrace to the installation sites for outdoor lighting devices (Fig. 4, 13). After this, the flooring was installed, fences were made and lamps were installed (Fig. 24, 26). All wooden parts were covered with protective compounds in several layers (Fig. 22).
Construction technology. Storm system
The house is equipped with a reliable storm water drainage system. It consists of two main parts: underground and aboveground. The first one began to be built along with the foundation. First, a layer of earth approximately 0.7 m deep and about 2 m wide was removed from the outside of the house around the perimeter. Instead, a layer of crushed stone was laid, along it (with a slight slope) drainage pipes (WAVIN, Denmark) with copra braid, again a layer of crushed stone, and then two layers of polyurethane foam with a total thickness of 100 mm.
The heat insulator was covered with geofabric, leading it up onto the foundation. Thus, it was protected from erosion and freezing. Then everything was covered with sand, crushed stone and a narrow strip concrete blind area. In the corners of the house, drains were installed in plastic drainage wells. The necks of the wells with inspection hatches were removed from the ground by 10-20 cm (Fig. 25). From the deepest, wastewater is drained by gravity through a PVC pipe into a storage tank, and from it to the terrain or used for household needs, for example, for irrigation.
The drainage system from the roof is unusual. Concealed gutters are installed at the ends of the roof overhangs of the house and garage shed. They are hidden in V-shaped wooden troughs, which are nailed to the beveled ends of the eaves beams (Fig. 27). On the other wall, the troughs are stuffed with pieces of beams so that they look like an extension of the overhang beams and give the impression that the trough is embedded in them. The RANNILA metal drain is connected at the ends to drainpipe, laid along the nearest column (Fig. 22, 25, 27) and draining water to the ground.
Construction technology. Septic tank
While two people live in the house, a large-volume wastewater treatment scheme is used in a septic tank (Fig. 28) (SAKO LABKO, Finland). The drainage flows into it by gravity through a main drain laid at a depth of about 1 m. The reservoir is buried to a depth of approximately 2.5 m, stands on a sand bed and is covered from the outside with a mixture of sand and cement. From groundwater, this mixture turned into a durable shell that reliably holds the container in the ground and creates additional thermal protection. A PVC septic tank with a working volume of about 6 m 3 is filled in about a month. During this time, the sediments have time to ferment and decompose. A sewage disposal truck arrives once every 3-4 weeks. If this operating mode turns out to be economically unprofitable, the option of biological subsoil treatment will come into effect. The site is reserved. In this case, the machine will remove sludge from the septic tank only once a year.
Enlarged calculation of the cost of work and materials for the construction of a two-story house similar to the one presented
| Name of works | Unit change | Qty | Price, $ | Cost, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOUNDATION WORK | ||||
| Axle alignment, leveling, development and excavation | m 3 | 38 | 18 | 684 |
| Backfilling, soil compaction | m 3 | 12 | 7 | 84 |
| Construction of crushed stone base | m 2 | 140 | 8 | 1120 |
| Construction of strip reinforced concrete foundations | m 3 | 32 | 60 | 1920 |
| Construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab | m 3 | 33 | 60 | 1980 |
| Coated side insulation | m 2 | 90 | 3 | 270 |
| TOTAL | 6060 | |||
| Concrete is heavy | m 3 | 65 | 62 | 4030 |
| Crushed granite, sand | m 3 | 70 | 28 | 1960 |
| Bitumen-polymer mastic, hydroglass insulation | m 2 | 90 | 2,8 | 252 |
| Reinforcement, knitting wire, lumber, etc. | set | 1 | 510 | 510 |
| TOTAL | 6750 | |||
| WALLS | ||||
| Construction of frame external walls and internal partitions | m 2 | 199 | 20 | 3980 |
| Floor arrangement | m 2 | 140 | 12 | 1680 |
| TOTAL | 5660 | |||
| Materials used by section | ||||
| Frame, panels, lumber for installation of facade walls, ceilings and internal partitions, fasteners, consumables | set | - | - | 28300 |
| TOTAL | 28 300 | |||
| ROOF DEVICE | ||||
| Installation of truss structure | m 2 | 190 | 8 | 1520 |
| Installation of rafter and ridge panels | m 2 | 190 | 6 | 1140 |
| Tile roofing installation | m 2 | 190 | 12 | 2280 |
| TOTAL | 4940 | |||
| Materials used by section | ||||
| Tile BENDERS | m 2 | 190 | 28 | 5320 |
| Steam, wind and waterproof films DUPONT | m 2 | 190 | 2 | 380 |
| Built-in drainage system RANNILA | set | 1 | 560 | 560 |
| TOTAL | 6260 | |||
| WARM CIRCUIT | ||||
| Insulation of coatings and ceilings with insulation | m 2 | 190 | 2 | 380 |
| Filling openings with window and door blocks | m 2 | 46 | 35 | 1610 |
| TOTAL | 1990 | |||
| Materials used by section | ||||
| Insulation (Finland) | m 2 | 190 | 3 | 570 |
| Window units - double-chamber double-glazed windows with electric heating SGG Eglas | m 2 | 34 | 720 | 24480 |
| Doors PROFIN | PC. | 6 | - | 2300 |
| TOTAL | 27 350 | |||
| ENGINEERING SYSTEMS | ||||
| Device autonomous water supply(well) | set | - | - | 2460 |
| Installation of sewer system (septic tank) | set | - | - | 3100 |
| Fireplace design | set | - | - | 1980 |
| Ventilation system installation | set | - | - | 1350 |
| Plumbing and electrical work | set | - | - | 9800 |
| TOTAL | 18 690 | |||
| Materials used by section | ||||
| Septic tank SAKO LABKO | set | 1 | - | 5700 |
| Fireplace TAKKATAITURIT | set | 1 | - | 2400 |
| Geothermal pump IVT | set | 1 | - | 11400 |
| Smart Home System SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC | set | 1 | - | 10280 |
| Water treatment system | set | 1 | - | 690 |
| Sauna LAPINLAUDE | set | 1 | - | 2300 |
| Central vacuum cleaner PUZER | set | 1 | - | 1260 |
| System forced ventilation MEPTEK | set | 1 | - | 4850 |
| Plumbing and electrical installation equipment | set | 1 | - | 5300 |
| TOTAL | 44 180 | |||
| FINISHING WORK | ||||
| Installation of plank coverings | m 2 | 197 | 10 | 1970 |
| Surface tiling with ceramic tiles | m 2 | 18 | 16 | 288 |
| TOTAL | 2260 | |||
| Materials used by section | ||||
| Ceramic tile | m 2 | 18 | 27 | 486 |
| REAL FLOOR flooring boards | m 2 | 197 | 94 | 18518 |
| JIDEART staircase | set | 1 | - | 1200 |
| Varnishes TIKKURILA | set | - | - | 980 |
| TOTAL | 21 190 | |||
| TOTAL cost of work | 39 600 | |||
| TOTAL cost of materials | 134 000 | |||
| TOTAL | 173 600 | |||
If you want to build an extraordinary house, unlike your neighbors’ house, take a closer look at houses with a pitched roof. It gives the building originality. In addition, a pitched roof is the simplest to install. So simple that you can easily do it yourself.
Advantages and disadvantages
Shed roofs are considered the most inexpensive and easiest to install. And this is true, especially with the small width of the building. However, in our country, houses with pitched roofs are very rare. For the most part, this is due to the fact that two or four pitched roofs are more familiar to us - they look more familiar. The second catch is to find a project adapted to our weather. There are a lot of projects on Western resources, but they are designed for a milder climate and, as a rule, have a large glazing area. Finding an architect who will competently change a project you like is very difficult. But if you succeed, and the harmony of the building is not disturbed, the house turns out to be very original.
Many people are afraid of uneven ceilings in some parts of the building. They are, of course, more difficult to beat than standard ones, but the result is of a completely different level - 100% original. True, this time it is very difficult to find a designer who can develop such an interior in the vastness of our Motherland, but nevertheless, it is possible.
There is another way out - to level the ceilings by overlapping, and use the free space under the roof as technical rooms. Such options have been implemented and the owners are very satisfied. Yes, technical rooms are in ground floor, and at the top, but there are no problems with groundwater.
These are, perhaps, all the disadvantages or pitfalls that a pitched roof can bring. There is, however, one more point that can hardly be called a disadvantage. Due to the peculiarity of the structure, the roofing material on such houses is not visible from the ground. If the terrain is flat, without large differences in elevation, there is no point in bothering with the appearance of the roof. It is better to choose simple-looking, but high-quality materials, quiet (the plane is large, it makes a lot of noise when it rains) and reliable. One of the popular options is seam roofing. It provides the proper degree of tightness and is not very noisy. Another option is made from modern materials. Such roofs are even quieter, and modern materials can be used for 20-30 years without repair.
Construction of a pitched roof
Organize the required slope of a pitched roof due to the height difference opposite walls. One wall of the building turns out to be significantly higher than the other. This leads to increased consumption of materials for the walls, but the rafter system is very simple, especially for buildings of small width.
With sufficient bearing capacity walls, the truss system of a pitched roof rests on a mauerlat attached to the wall. To make the load distribution more uniform, the top row of the wall masonry is reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement (for brick walls, made of concrete blocks) or on top last row an armored belt is poured (for walls made of limestone, shell rock). In the case of a wooden or frame structure, the role of the Mauerlat is usually performed by the last crown or top trim.
If the building material of the walls is insufficiently strong, most of the load can be transferred to the ceiling. To do this, install racks (steps of about 1 meter), on which purlins are laid - long bars running along the building. The rafter legs then rest on them.
When pouring an armored belt or laying the last row, studs are installed into it in increments of 80-100 cm, with the help of which the mauerlat is then attached to the walls of the building. In wooden houses, if you do not make an armored belt, it is impossible to install studs. In this case, installation on pins with a hexagonal head is allowed. Under the pin, through the Mauerlat, a hole is drilled, a couple of millimeters smaller than the diameter of the pin. It gets hammered into him metal rod, which attracts a wooden beam to the wall. The connection is tightened using a hex wrench of the required size.
Rafter system of a pitched roof
Such roofs are especially popular in the construction of courtyard buildings - sheds, garages. It’s just that the size of the buildings allows the use of not very powerful beams, and beams are required in small quantities. With a building width of up to 6 meters, the rafter system of a pitched roof contains almost no additional reinforcing elements (supports and purlins), which is beneficial. Also attractive is the absence of complex knots.
For central Russia, for a span of up to 5.5 meters, beams of 50-150 mm are taken; up to 4 meters, 50-100 mm is enough, although in an amicable way, you need to consider the snow and wind load specifically in your region, and, based on this, decide with beam parameters.
With a distance between the walls of up to 4.5 meters, the pitched roof consists of two mauerlat bars fixed to the walls, and rafter legs that rest on the mauerlat. Really very simple design.
With a span width of 4.5 meters to 6 meters, a support is also required, fixed to a higher wall at the floor level and a rafter leg that rests on the beam almost in the middle. The slope angle of this beam depends on the distance between the walls and the level of installation of the beam.
More complex rafter systems in a pitched roof with a building width of more than 6 meters. In this case, it is optimal if the house is designed in such a way that there is also water inside bearing wall, on which the racks rest. With a house width of up to 12 meters, the trusses are still simple, and the cost of installing the roof is minimal.
For buildings more than 12 meters wide, the system becomes more complex - there are more rafter legs. In addition, manufacturing beams longer than 6 meters is expensive. If an increase is required only by the width of the roof overhangs, the beams are extended along the edges with fillets. These are pieces of beams of the same cross-section, connected to the beam and secured on the sides with two wooden plates at least 60 cm long, fastened with bolts or nails, allowing the use of mounting plates.
If the total length of the beam is more than 8 meters, they are usually spliced. The joints are further reinforced by nailing boards or mounting plates.
Options for attaching the rafters to the mauerlat: sliding at the top and rigid at the top on the right. Below on the right is a version of a tie-in without overhangs (very rarely used)
There may also be questions about how to attach the rafters of pitched roofs to the Mauerlat. Fundamental differences No. Everyone also makes a cutout in the rafter leg, with which the beam rests on the mauerlat. In order not to suffer with each rafter leg, leveling its fit, having cut out the first one, a template is made from a piece of board, thick plywood or timber that exactly repeats the resulting “cut”. All subsequent rafters are sawn before installation. A template is applied to them in the right place, a recess of the required shape and size is outlined and cut out.
This was about rigidly attaching the rafter legs to the mauerlat. It is used on all buildings that exhibit low shrinkage. This method of fastening cannot be used on wooden houses - the house always settles or rises slightly, which can cause misalignment. If the roof is fixed tightly, it may tear. Therefore, when installing a pitched or any other roof on wooden houses, a sliding connection of rafters and mauerlat is used. For this there are so-called “slippers”. These are plates, consisting of corners that are attached to the mauerlat and metal strips movably connected to them, which are attached to the rafter leg. Two such slips are placed on each rafter.
Choosing a roof angle
The roof slope angle is determined by a combination of indicators - wind and snow loads and the type of roofing material. First, the angle is determined according to climatic conditions (depending on the amount of precipitation and wind loads). Then they look at the minimum recommended slope for the selected type of roofing material (in the table below).
If the desired angle is greater, everything is fine; if it is less (which happens very rarely), increase it to the recommended one. Make a roof with an angle less than minimum angle, recommended by the roofing manufacturer, is not unequivocal - it will leak at the joints. To make it easier to navigate, let’s say that for central Russia the recommended slope is pitched roof- 20°. But it is advisable to calculate the figure for each region, and even for different locations of buildings on the site.
By the way, keep in mind that different manufacturers of the same type of roofing material may require different minimum slopes. For example, one brand can be produced on roofs with a minimum slope of 14°, another - 16°. And this despite the fact that GOST defines a minimum slope of 6°.
It is also worth remembering that with a slope of up to 12°, in order to ensure the tightness of any roofing material, it is necessary to coat all joints of the material with a liquid waterproofing compound (usually bitumen mastic, less often - roofing sealant).
Determine the height to which you want to raise the wall
To ensure the found slope angle of the pitched roof, it is necessary to raise one of the walls higher. How much higher we will find out by remembering the formulas for calculating a right triangle. Using them we also find the length of the rafter legs.
When calculating, do not forget that the length is obtained without taking into account overhangs, and they are needed to protect the walls of the house from precipitation. The minimum overhang is 20 cm. But with such a small protrusion beyond the building, the pitched roof looks short. Therefore, overhangs of at least 60 cm are usually made on one-story buildings. On two-story ones they can be up to 120 cm. In this case, the width of the overhang is determined based on aesthetic considerations - the roof should look harmonious.
The easiest way to determine how much the roof needs to be extended is in design programs that allow you to draw the building to scale and “play” with the overhangs. Everything should be displayed in 3 dimensions (the most popular program is ScratchUp). Twist in it different sizes overhangs, decide which one looks better (if there is no project), and then order/make rafters.
Photo report from the construction site: a pitched roof on a house made of aerated concrete
A house was built in St. Petersburg. There was no project, there was general idea which is shown in the photo. The house is made of aerated concrete, the finishing is plaster, the roof is seam, chosen on the basis of low cost, reliability, and ease of installation.
After the walls were removed, an armored belt was poured into them, into which studs (Ø 10 mm) were installed every meter. When the concrete in the armored belt reached the required deterioration, a layer of waterproofing (“Gidroizol”, cut lengthwise into strips of the required width) was laid on the bitumen mastic. A mauerlat - 150-150 mm timber - is laid on top of the waterproofing. All lumber used for roofing is dry and treated with protective impregnations and fire retardants.
Beginning of installation of a pitched roof - laying the Mauerlat
First, they put it in place (lying on the pins, held by assistants), and walk along it, hitting with a hammer on the places where the pins are. The places where the studs stick out are imprinted in the timber. Now they drill holes and simply push it onto the studs.
Since the span turns out to be large, supports made of timber (150-150 mm) were placed on which the purlin was laid, which will support the rafter legs.
The width of the roof is 12 meters. This takes into account a 1.2 meter offset from the front side. Therefore, the Mauerlat bars and the purlin “stick out” beyond the walls exactly at this distance.
At first there were doubts about such a large offset - the rightmost beam hangs 2.2 meters. If this offset is reduced, it will be bad for the walls, and appearance will get worse. Therefore, it was decided to leave everything as it is.
Laying rafters
Rafters are laid from two spliced boards 200*50 mm, with a pitch of 580 mm. The boards are nailed together in a checkerboard pattern (top-bottom), with a pitch of 200-250 mm. Nail heads are sometimes on the right, sometimes on the left, in pairs: Two on top/bottom on the right, two on top/bottom on the left, etc.). We space the joints of the boards by less than 60 cm. The resulting beam is much more reliable than a similar solid beam.
Next, the pie of a pitched roof for this case is as follows (from the attic to the street): vapor barrier, 200 mm stone wool, ventilation gap (lathing, counter-lathing), moisture insulation, roofing material. In this case it is dark gray pural.
We will carry out insulation from the inside later, but for now we are laying a Tyvek Solid hydro-windproof membrane (vapor-permeable) on top of the rafters.
The membrane is laid from bottom to top and secured with staples. The fabric that is rolled out higher overlaps the one already laid by 15-20 cm. The joint is sealed with double-sided tape (bought together with the membrane). Then the planks are placed on top of the membrane, and on them is a sheathing for a standing seam roof.
First, the sheathing was made from 25*150 mm boards in increments of 150 mm. After installation, walking around the roof, it was decided to strengthen the sheathing. To do this, we fill 100 mm wide boards between the already laid boards. Now there is a gap of 25 mm between the boards.
Sheathing a pitched roof as a result
Next, hooks were placed on the lower gable. They are filled unevenly, since due to the large length of the pediment, it was decided to make two receiving funnels at a distance of 2.8 meters from the edge. To ensure drainage in two directions, such a relief was made.
Next, you need to bring in pieces of metal (pictures) 12 meters long. They are not heavy, but they cannot be bent, so the “sled” disappears. For lifting, a temporary “bridge” was built connecting the ground and the roof. The sheets were lifted along it.
Next come roofing, which differ depending on the type of roofing material. In this case, it was necessary to solve the problem of thermal expansion of the material - galvanized steel (pural) significantly changes its dimensions when heated/cooled. To ensure freedom of expansion, it was decided to fasten the material to the sheathing by the seam using movable clamps with a freedom of movement of 15-20 mm.
After laying the roofing material, what remains is the lining of the overhangs, and they are no different.
The roof needs to be brought to perfection - the overhangs need to be hemmed, but basically it is already ready
Well, the photo below shows what happened after finishing. Very modern, stylish and unusual.
House with a pitched roof - finishing is almost finished
Projects and photos of houses with a pitched roof
As others have said, it's hard to find interesting projects residential buildings with a pitched roof. So far, these buildings are unpopular with us. Perhaps just because of its originality. This section contains several projects or photos of already built houses. Maybe it will be useful to someone, at least as an idea.
Large windows are beautiful, but irrational in our climate
Multi-level house - an interesting completed project
This is a prototype of what is located above
Original house. Under one pitched roof there is a house and outbuildings, and part of it is a canopy over the yard between two buildings
Half-timbered houses are a kind of symbol of the Middle Ages, which found their rebirth in the 20th century. Their architecture invariably amazes with its unique image, efficiency and thoughtfulness. design diagram. A characteristic feature of the facades is that they are not hidden behind the cladding, but, on the contrary, exposed wooden frame. Such ancient streets are very romantic, and modern buildings are a reflection of an elite lifestyle, the desire for freedom and originality.
The current trend in luxury housing today is a combination openwork wooden elements And large glass surfaces:
History of half-timbered construction
Thousands of years ago, ancient architects noticed that the most effective and economical use of wood is to use it not for the construction of solid walls, but for the construction spatial frame made of vertical, horizontal and inclined elements, which will serve as a support for the roof. This scheme has gained particular popularity in areas characterized by a shortage of wood. It was known in ancient times to the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and Chinese. In particular, a large part of the population of Pakistan and India currently lives in such houses.
Interesting! The oldest frame building made of wood, preserved to this day - this is a temple in Japan, built from cedar more than 1300 years ago.
Half-timbered buildings in European countries
The improvement of carpentry skills, the accumulation of construction experience, and the desire for cheap housing led in the 15th century to the emergence of half-timbered building construction technology in Germany. Such houses have become widespread throughout Europe, in particular in its northern regions, from Poland to Brittany. The name of the design scheme fully reflects its essence and comes from the German “Fach” (panel) and “Werk” (structure).
Medieval buildings on Römberg square in Frankfurt am Main, Germany:
In Europe in the Middle Ages, structures were made of solid wood, and the free space of the wall planes was filled with a mixture of clay with straw, branches and other debris. The combination of posts, beams and braces, left in their original form, and plastered surfaces gave the narrow facades a special uniqueness. Wealthy citizens could afford to use expensive wooden panels decorated with carvings. At the moment, such houses are preserved, the age of which exceeds 500 years.
Since 1995, the historical part of the German city of Quedlinburg, where more than 1,300 objects of colorful architecture have been preserved, has been protected by UNESCO:
Interesting! A characteristic feature of old buildings is the overhang of the upper floors over the lower ones. This is due to the abundance of precipitation and strong winds in Germany, as well as the narrowness of the streets at the birth of half-timbered buildings. As a result upper floors protect the lower tiers from getting wet, thereby extending the service life of buildings.
Revival of the popularity of half-timbered wood
Traditional half-timbered structures made from modern materials look no less impressive than medieval ones.
The era of mass individual construction in the 1970s it gave a new birth to technology, but in a rethought, futuristic form, in which the famous German Bauhaus school played a significant role. At this time, architects began to use reinforced concrete and steel instead of wood. Large glass planes have gained popularity, replacing blank walls. The invention of laminated wood several decades later made it possible to implement ancient construction technology in a new way. This material is more durable and advanced compared to traditional timber. At the moment, such houses in their updated form are very prestigious and popular in Sweden, Switzerland, Germany and many other countries, with the USA and Canada being no exception.
Thanks to the development of technology and changing architectural tastes, the style has now acquired new variations:
- frame without diagonal elements;
- large panoramic windows, providing excellent lighting and having good thermal insulation qualities;
- imitation of half-timbering, performed using overhead wooden elements attached to pre-plastered walls - this option is purely decorative.
Advice! Cottage owners recommend installing panoramic glazing on facades facing the courtyard and garden, or in case of significant recessing of the building relative to the street - this way you will get a magnificent view outside the window, a feeling of unity with nature and good lighting. Otherwise, there may be some discomfort caused by the need to constantly keep the curtains down to protect yourself from prying eyes.
The Kager house has picture windows and offers beautiful views of the surrounding area.
Features of the design of the house
The main characteristic of a half-timbered structure is that the frame performs load-bearing functions, while the walls serve solely to enclose the premises. The use of frame-frame technology allows you to simultaneously save building materials and reduce the weight of the building, which makes it possible to build a lightweight structure, ensure the stability and rigidity of the structure, and minimize construction time.
Frame design
The load-bearing elements of the walls and roof are made of, mainly pine. Racks and horizontal purlins form the frame of the walls. Diagonal braces ensure frame rigidity and earthquake resistance of the structure. The bottom trim beam is attached to the foundation, covered with a layer of waterproofing, using anchor bolts. The floor side is insulated with polystyrene foam.
Internal partitions have a frame structure and are made of timber, attached to the load-bearing elements using frame dowels and filled with soundproofing material.
Installation of load-bearing parts is traditionally carried out using rather complex and precise connections - notches, on “ dovetail", secret thorn and the like. At the moment, it is allowed to use metal corners, plates, and staples in especially critical fastenings. It is advisable to arrange them in places out of sight.
Important! All wooden elements To increase strength characteristics and protect against rot and insects, they must be impregnated with special oils. Treatment with fire retardants significantly reduces the flammability of the material.
External cladding
Filling the frame cells is carried out after installing the window and door blocks. Almost any slab materials are used for this purpose:
- antiseptic pine wood;
- polymer panels are the most common and budget option;
- cement particle boards (CSB);
- lining;
- gypsum fiber boards (GVL);
- waterproof plywood.
A variety of finishing options allows you to create both strict and elegant facades, for which the blanks are pre-painted with moisture-resistant compounds or choose colored cladding. Then the material is attached to the frame of the structure with screws. The house is insulated using mineral wool made from basalt or quartz fiber.
Exterior finishing options:
A currently popular solution is stained glass glazing made from heat-saving low-emission double-glazed windows based on argon fillers. They reduce heat loss and, accordingly, heating costs. Most of the glazing is solid; packages with opening transoms are mounted in separate cells. Windows are inserted directly into the frame with a pre-selected quarter.
Interesting! Since ancient times, the facades of half-timbered houses were decorated with amulets:
- imitation of the letter “S” on the corners - lightning protection;
- rosettes symbolizing the sun attract abundance and prosperity;
- creepy masks on corners ward off evil spirits;
- a symbol resembling “F” protects against fire.
Facade decorated with rosettes
Engineering Communication
Wiring electrical cables and water supply is carried out inside the floor pie. All communications are laid in corrugated hoses. Polyethylene pipelines are used for water supply. In houses, especially stained glass type, a practical solution is to install heated floors. Wiring to sockets, switches, and lighting fixtures is carried out inside the partitions. Often a complex forced ventilation system is installed.
Roof structure and covering
The roof of the house is traditionally rafter with two or four slopes, but modern ones are also found architectural solutions with a flat roof. A characteristic feature is the absence of an attic and attic, the presence of wide overhangs that protect the walls from precipitation.
Metal tiles, ondulin, various types can be used as roof coverings. soft roof. The use of natural tiles or slate with significant weight is undesirable - they increase the load on the supporting structures. The concept of stained glass glazing can be continued on part of the roof. Modern technologies offer electrochromic translucent fillings for this purpose, providing automatic shading and high coating strength.
At the moment, the roof can have quite bizarre configurations while maintaining the traditional overhang of levels and large overhangs.
Features of interior design
The most common styles of shaping the interior space of a house correspond to its external appearance - these are country, Provence, eco-style, Scandinavian, minimalism, which are characterized by an abundance of light, open layouts, some asceticism and light shades. Less often you can find classics or postmodernism. A high-tech interior with its minimalism and abundance of metal looks ideal.
Advice! When decorating a room, you should not consider frame elements solely as decoration - beams can be used for mounting lighting fixtures, arranging hanging shelves and cabinets, and implementing other original ideas.
Structural elements in the interior:
The minimalist bedroom interior is formed by dark ceiling beams, contrasting with light shades finishes:
Ultra-modern interior in high-tech style, built on contrast:
With a view of the forest:
Living room option with river panorama: 
Wood in the interior sets its style:
Pros and cons of half-timbered technology
The buildings please the eye with neatness and airiness, and with practical point From a perspective, they are characterized by the convenience of the construction process - it is similar to the assembly of a designer and is completed in a short time with minimal labor costs. At the same time, the structures are distinguished by their long service life and durability - three-hundred-year-old buildings are still preserved in excellent condition.
The advantages of the houses include:
- the ability to design premises of any size without building internal load-bearing walls;
- aesthetic appeal;
- high speed of construction relative to brick, stone and timber houses;
- environmental friendliness;
- absence of shrinkage and lightness of construction, allowing the use of lightweight foundations;
- ample opportunities for implementing design ideas;
- resistance to deformation and seismic activity;
- possibility of application panoramic glazing due to the fact that there is practically no shrinkage;
- ease of masking utility lines;
- possibility of covering large spans with beams.
The style allows you to implement the most daring architectural ideas, creating spectacular exteriors - light external stairs are perfectly combined on facades with structural elements and a roof of an unusual configuration:
Unfortunately, humanity has not invented perfect style construction, but most of the problems have been solved over several centuries of construction of half-timbered houses. Walls made of adobe were significantly inferior to brick buildings in their ability to retain heat, but at the moment the situation has been changed by the emergence of new innovative insulation materials.
Attention! Most thermal insulation materials need to be replaced approximately every 25-30 years.
The disadvantages of the technology include:
- high construction costs:
- low fire safety, which is typical for all wooden houses;
- need for regular treatment by special means to protect wood from damage by insects, fungi, and mold.
Impressions of people living in half-timbered houses
A cozy country house with stained glass windows on the first floor offers views of the lawn and surrounding forest, which makes it possible to feel one with nature.
Reviews from cottage owners are varied, but they are mostly positive or neutral. The owners emphasize that it is advisable to build them, especially projects involving panoramic glazing, outside the city. Such houses are distinguished by increased comfort, excellent natural light, sound insulation and heat-saving qualities. But when choosing an option with large glazed planes, even in middle lane In Russia, heating costs are 30% higher than for the operation of ordinary buildings.
The reviews specifically emphasize the spaciousness of the rooms and the fact that all communications are hidden in the floor and do not spoil the appearance of the interior. The versatility of the architecture is noted - the interior space can be decorated in any current modern style. The most popular styles at the moment are country, minimalism, and hi-tech.
Some people who want to become the owner of a half-timbered cottage are put off by the high cost of its construction. Then people resort to cunning - they build an imitation of the style, which is much cheaper.
The reviews also note the inconveniences of buildings that are inherent in all wooden houses. This is a need for strict adherence to fire safety and regular treatment of structures to protect them from mold and insects.
Project options
Buildings can be erected according to ready-made drawings or individual projects. The main difficulty in their development is the required maximum detail of all structural elements. For example, if 1000 of them are needed for construction, then each of them must be separately calculated and drawn. The same applies to all nodes, connections, and so on.
The house project “Davinci-haus” with an area of 579 m2 on a slope and river bank from Leadwood House LLC is distinguished by its originality and harmoniously fits into the surrounding landscape:
Building interior: 
Pool interior overlooking the river: 
Layout of the lower tier with pool, bar and gym: 
Second tier with a spacious living room: 
Upper tier: 
“Copenhagen” with an area of 381 m2 with panoramic glazing from the company “freeDomHaus” in the Liikola Club village, located in the Leningrad region:
1st floor plan with office and SPA area:
2nd floor plan with 4 bedrooms and spacious dressing room: 
Project “Accord 162” with an area of 241 m2, developed by the Finnish company “Lumi Polar”:
1st level with two terraces, a veranda and a flowing space of the common area:
2nd level with second light living room and internal balcony:
A mansion with an area of 224 m2 with partial panoramic filling of the planes with double-glazed windows from the ASPDOM studio:
Level 1 Plan:
Four bedroom attic floor plan:
Project of the company “Good Wood” with an area of 184 m2
Layout of the 1st floor:
Layout of the attic floor:
Option for an unusual cottage with an area of 244 m2 with a flat roof from the Fachwerk studio:
Living room - wooden beams create comfort in the room:
1st floor plan with spacious terraces and free connection of zones:
Plan of the 2nd floor with a second light living room and gallery:
The Euro-House project with an area of 259.47 m2 is the development of the Drevgrad studio. Dark wood and panoramic glazing blend harmoniously into the forest landscape:
Layout of the 1st floor with a garage, two terraces, a common area and an office: 
Layout of the 2nd floor with two bedrooms and a second light above the living room:
One-story cottage from the company “Modern Wooden Houses” - white painted wood is combined with large glass planes:
Plan of a cottage with a free-flowing common area, 4 bedrooms and a sauna:
Mansion "Hannover" with an area of 234 m2 from the company "INTEK" with a roof made of cement-sand tiles:
1st floor plan with common area, garage and guest room:
3 bedroom attic floor plan: 
Project of a cottage with an area of 118 m2 with walls filled with ceramic blocks and a tiled roof from the Z500 company:
1st level with common areas, office and terrace:
Attic level with 3 bedrooms: 
Modern half-timbered houses
Historically, such houses in different countries differed depending on what was relevant at the time of construction architectural style and according to national characteristics. Currently, the most elite option is the presence of panoramic glazing that fills the frame. A comfortable microclimate in the premises is created through the use of modern technical equipment of the home. Traditional bricks can also be used to fill the walls, concrete blocks, sandwich panels.
Fachwerk architecture - non-standard approach:
The originality of “village romance” in a modern version:
Cottage-castle from a childhood fairy tale:
Terraced half-timbered structure - optimal solution for southern regions:
Examples of German half-timbered houses
In modern Germany there are approximately 2 million buildings of this type. There are several styles of German buildings, but their common tendency is the desire for original facade decoration.
Modern application of structures for a bridge in Berlin:
Another interpretation of half-timbering in high-rise architecture in Germany:
Option for preserving historical buildings in Kramerburg:
Half-timbered buildings with stained glass windows
Glazing can reach 60% of the area of external walls, which today is a sign of luxury construction. This solution “blurs” the boundaries of the house, promoting the unity of people and the surrounding landscape.
Panoramic glazing in a modern variation of a house is, first of all, an opportunity to merge the interior and the surrounding landscape, an opportunity for a person to feel one with the world, without distinguishing yourself from it:
For example, while in the house, stay on the shore:
In the forest it’s also not bad, despite the radical modern approach to architecture:
Notice! Outside, the landscape may also be reflected, but your personal life remains hidden from prying eyes:
And this is an office - a half-timbered structure filled with innovative double-glazed windows:
One-story half-timbered houses
This is the most affordable option for a cottage of this type, despite the use of modern materials and technologies. The height of one floor, without an attic, ensures extreme lightness of the structure, which allows saving on the construction of the foundation and the entire building. The area of such houses, not exceeding 100 m2, makes it easy to place them in small areas and provide comfortable living conditions for a family of 3 people.
Cottage "Kova Fahverk" designed in a traditional style with the addition of a spacious terrace and large windows on the facade, illuminating the living room:
Compact house unusual shape with sun protection details ideal for privacy:
The cottage with an area of 122 m2 provides comfortable conditions for a family:
An unusual implementation of technology from “wild” logs:
Price and terms of turnkey construction
Due to the specifics of design solutions, the cost of designing and constructing a half-timbered building is significantly higher than that of a conventional frame house. The total amount depends on the complexity of the architectural, structural, engineering parts of the project, and the materials used. Construction of a load-bearing frame for a house costs on average close to $300. The remaining means are filling wall structures, erecting partitions, installing a roof, Finishing work, laying utilities.
Important! The price of building a turnkey cottage per square meter of domestic production is about 500-1000 dollars, imported - 1400-2000 dollars.
The choice of project depends only on your needs, taste preferences and financial capabilities: 
The complete construction period, which can be carried out at any time of the year, ranges from 3 to 6 months. When the project is completely ready, manufacturing the frame in production takes up to 2 weeks, and the same amount of time to assemble it on site. The remaining work can be completed in 2 months.
Important points of DIY construction
Half-timbering is one of the most complex frame technologies, so the construction of such a building is best trusted to specialists. Self-construction cottage requires serious skills and experience in working with wooden structures, thorough knowledge of calculating the rigidity of spatial patterns. A negative example now exists near St. Petersburg - a large number of half-timbered buildings soon collapsed due to a violation of technology, although in Europe they have stood for centuries.
Not the most technologically difficult option for DIY construction:
Important! If you have certain construction skills, you can still build such a structure yourself - in this case, it is advisable to use a factory-made kit made according to a project, where all the elements are carefully calculated and made in strict accordance with the drawings. As a result, installation work resembles assembling a construction set according to instructions.
The manufacturer delivers ready-made wooden structures to the construction site, pre-treated with insect and rot repellents and having grooves for connecting parts. When assembling a house with your own hands, you need to take into account the technological sequence of work:
- the first stage is the construction of a foundation, usually of a lightweight type, up to 0.5 m wide;
- installation of waterproofing and laying of strapping with securing the timber with anchors;
- assembly of a frame made of laminated veneer lumber exactly according to the diagrams provided by the manufacturer;
- construction of internal partitions from timber of a smaller cross-section, securing them to the floor with frame dowels;
- installation of roof rafters;
- installation of wall panels in such a way that the frame elements remain outside;
- performing thermal insulation;
- laying utility lines in the floor and frame;
- when using panoramic glazing - installation of heated floor systems;
- roof covering decking;
- external and internal finishing.
Even such a seemingly complex project can be brought to life with your own hands:
Choosing a half-timbered style is an excellent option for demonstrating your own originality and at the same time a certain commitment to the classics. It is especially relevant now, when people, thanks to modern technologies, are practically independent of climatic conditions. Today, wide opportunities are opening up to replace simply copying a style by introducing new extraordinary elements into it.
The process of assembling a half-timbered house
The video below simulates the dynamics of assembling a half-timbered house, which allows you to understand the essence and features of the construction of the building in a few minutes.