Calculation of an extension ladder online. How to calculate the stairs to the second floor: main dimensions and calculation methods, photos and videos

In order to perform calculations of the future staircase data with your own hands, you will need to find a number of parameters. If you don’t know the basic design rules, you can serious mistakes, which will further affect the safety and convenience of the design. To make the task easier, standard characteristics were derived and special formulas were developed.

Types of structures

straight one-march;
single-flight with winder steps;
two-flight with an intermediate platform;
rotatable 90 degrees (L-shaped);
swivel 180 degrees (U-shaped);
with an arbitrary degree of rotation.

For a beginner, doing your own calculations of staircase parameters may seem like challenging task. In order to avoid significant mistakes, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic indicators, established standards and formulas for calculations.

Options for staircase designs to the second floor

SNiP standards

Before calculating stairs for climbing to the second floor, you need to familiarize yourself with the SNiP and GOST standards. If you decide to completely make the entire structure with your own hands, this step is mandatory.

First of all, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

Slope. Reflects the angle of inclination flight of stairs, for residential premises this figure should be within 30-40 degrees.
Number of steps. The exact value depends on the length of the span and the number of marches, the minimum number is three, the maximum is 16 for double-flight models and 18 for single-flight models.
Site size. If a two-flight structure with a platform is installed to ascend to the second floor, the width of the latter must be no less than the width of the flights leading to it.
Tread width. Distance from the edge of the step to the riser, optimal distance-29 cm, fluctuations +/-3 cm are allowed.
Riser height. The distance between steps is considered to be 17 cm as a standard, however, the interval of 14-20 cm does not go beyond the norm.
Step. The total distance covering 2 treads and 1 riser, the ideal value is 62 cm.
Width of the stairs. The distance from one edge of the step to the other, for a regular staircase to the second floor, is at least 80 cm.
Dimensions staircase. The area of the cage must be sufficient to allow the door to be opened or the person to pass without hindrance.

If the staircase meets all the standards described above, it will be safe and very convenient for movement.
Diagram for calculating the optimal angle of inclination of stairs that meets the standards

In some cases, in particular when the house has already been built and it is not possible to make changes regarding the height of the floors and the layout of the room, deviations from the standard indicators are allowed, the main condition is that the changes made should not seriously affect the safety indicator of the staircase structure.
Opening and dimensions of steps

You can calculate stairs, or rather, steps, only if you have all the formulas available and the basic indicators have been determined. To begin with, they are selected intuitively, based on SNiP standards. You also need to measure the opening; in the future, you can adjust the parameters if some deviations and discrepancies are identified. Since you can calculate the dimensions of the opening for the stairs using a simple tape measure, first measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling, and from the entrance to the second floor to the position of the first step.

In order to calculate the staircase in the house, as well as determine what size the opening should be, you first need to know the number of steps in the flight. Based on this indicator, you will calculate the size of the riser and can use the formula to determine the step. So, let's look at how to calculate the standard stair step. To do this, you need to take the width of the tread and the height of the step. The formula for calculating the step of the stairs is as follows:
2a + b = 60…65

In one step, a person can cover an average of 60-65 cm. This is a comfortable step size, on the basis of which you can calculate the width of the tread (a) and the height of the riser (c).
Measurements required for correct calculation stairs to the second floor

These indicators can also be determined in a slightly different way. To do this, you need to take as a basis such parameters as the height of the rise, the length of the projection and the slope of the stairs. First you need to calculate the lift height:

h = H + D

In other words, you need to sum up the height of the room and the thickness of the ceiling. From here you can find out the number of steps:

Based on the number of steps and the height of the tread, you can calculate the projection length of the staircase, focusing on the opening. We calculate the projection length of the stairs:

If you know the height of the rise and the length of the stairs, you can find out the slope or steepness of a straight staircase:

Based on these data, you can calculate more accurate indicators for a straight staircase:

a = h/n

Convenience and safety

In addition to the dimensions of the structure itself for lifting to the second floor, there are several more criteria for assessing convenience and safety that must be taken into account. Therefore, it is not enough to simply correctly calculate the stairs using the specified formulas; it is necessary to determine the degree of compliance of the design parameters with the required standards. This can be done with your own hands using simple techniques.

Calculation of a safe and convenient step of stairs for private use

First of all, the formula is used to calculate the safety of the stairs:

a + b = 46

This sum of the dimensions of the tread and riser indicates that the preliminary calculations were made correctly and comply with the standards.

There is also a special formula for determining the degree of convenience of the stairs:

a – b = 12

If the difference between these two indicators is 12 units, it means that climbing such a staircase to the second floor will be very convenient for the average person. The opening must also meet the requirements of convenience and safety, provide free access and not impede access to the second floor.

You should not recalculate the entire project if there are minor deviations of a couple of centimeters, this is quite acceptable.

Winder steps, platforms and cages

Separately, it is worth considering the situation with the design of a non-standard staircase structure. So, let's figure out how you can calculate the stairs yourself if you plan to use a winder structure to climb to the 2nd floor. Standard formulas are only suitable for straight marching models. Here's the size calculation winder staircase produced graphical method. In this case, the calculation of the staircase and intermediate landings is carried out separately, if any.

Schematic representation of the design of a staircase with winder steps

Let's look at how to calculate a two-flight staircase in a house with your own hands. If an intermediate platform is used, the calculation is as follows interfloor stairs is carried out in two stages. First, the position of the site or intermediate cell is calculated. Then, up to this mark, the parameters are calculated for the standard march, and then for the second similar section. The dimensions of the staircase are calculated based on the width of the last step leading to the second floor and the dimensions of the passage.

Now you know how to correctly calculate the stairs in the house and the opening for it. If you are experiencing some difficulties with design, you can use online programs, but you should not trust them one hundred percent, calculation of stairs – This is a very important stage and in this case it is better to order finished work from a professional.

Rice. 1 General drawing stairs

Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
X - length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
W - width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your home for the stairs
Z - thickness of steps - geometric parameter material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build the stairs
F - step protrusion - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
A - thickness of the string - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, pipes) from which you plan to make the string of the stairs
B - support thickness - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, pipes) from which you plan to make the staircase supports
H - height of the step above the string - vertical distance between the step and the string
D - size - the distance by which the step will hang over the support in the direction of rise
U - angle of inclination of the support to the vertical
C - number of steps - in how many steps will it be most comfortable for you to move from floor to floor

Function “Upper step below the floor of the 2nd floor: SP”

Rice. 2 Execution of the staircase with the top step below the floor of the 2nd floor

Depending on the relative placement of the structure and the floor top floor:

The upper plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the upper floor;
The upper plane of the top step is lower than the plane of the floor of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of one or another mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of blanks for stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note that in the picture in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness interfloor covering more than in the figure, in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. With the thickness of the ceiling, less height steps, the stringer simply will not rest against the ceiling (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

Function "Black and white drawing:"

Rice. 2 Black and white drawing of a staircase

It is advisable to use this function in two cases:

If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, better perceive graphics without color content
If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint/toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And of course this function used when printing on a black and white printer.

Function "Change lifting direction: LR"

Rice. 4 Type of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

Rise from left to right;
Ascent from right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of metal stairs

The main result of this calculator:

Information needed to make strings and supports
Information required for making steps

According to this information, the parts from which the structure is assembled are made, and the frame of the iron staircase is also calculated.

All other drawings show the final appearance of the structure: after joining the strings, supports and steps with each other.

A special feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

Assessing the convenience of the stairs;
Adjustment of staircase design.

Assessing the convenience of a staircase is carried out according to three criteria:

Compliance of the design with the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of the step depth and the two heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.
Step depth. Comfortable step depth is from 28 cm. For a given opening length, the step depth can be adjusted by changing the protrusion. Calculation of the steps of a metal staircase is carried out using a convenient calculator.
The angle of inclination of the stairs. Optimal angle the slope of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At tilt angles from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of movement between floors is significantly reduced. Inclination angles outside the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the level of safety of the stairs, as well as the amount of metal used in the work.

Based on the results of assessing a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is given for each of the criteria, and the staircase is assigned an overall level of convenience. The online metal staircase calculator evaluates whether the staircase meets well-known convenience criteria, but you should always remember that your staircase in your home should serve your purposes as effectively as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world, also with your own hands - go for it.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

Reduce/increase the number of steps;
Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
Reduce/increase the length of the opening.

After adjusting the design, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such adjustments will have to be made several more times.

Instructions for the metal ladder calculator

In order to calculate a straight metal staircase using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the staircase, the materials with which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use.

Before you start work, you need to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase is adjacent to the wall, or in contact with elements of the interior of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction. Possibly for selection correct option in size and design, you will have to use a calculator to calculate and compare several. Before you start processing the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is suitable for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

Stairs with metal strings presented on our website can be divided into categories according to four criteria that depend on each other:

1. Length dimensions

A. Maximum length— all steps are located on one flight;

b. Average length - steps are placed on two flights;

2. Width dimensions

A. Maximum width - the steps are placed on two flights, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of strings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel flights, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

V. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one flight, the width dimension is equal to the width of the stairs;

3. Difficulty in manufacturing

A. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings and rectangular steps;

b. Medium complexity of manufacturing - made of bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

4. According to the type of strings and the fastening of steps to them, stairs are divided into two categories:

A. On supports - the string is a solid beam to which supports for the steps are attached;

b. With a zigzag bowstring - the bowstring consists of many mutually perpendicular parts located horizontally and vertically.

In each specific situation, the floor height is already specified. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the staircase is flatter, or steeper, etc. Having this information, we can talk about the number of ascents (steps and platforms) in a particular situation .

How to calculate a metal staircase using an online calculator with drawings?

Let's imagine that we have, for example, 13 climbs - steps and platforms. The design of a staircase is the shape of these rises (steps, landings) and how these 13 rises are placed relative to each other. Calculation of a metal staircase in our calculator is carried out using the following methods.

You can place all these 13 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “Metal staircase”, ““. In this case, your stairs will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture. You can calculate a metal staircase to the second floor using a convenient and intuitive program.

These 13 rises can be placed in 2 rows, rotated relative to each other by 90° (when viewed from above) - “ “, “ ” (for example, 4 steps on the lower flight, a platform and 8 steps on the upper flight). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an adjustable dimension in width. Calculating the steps of a metal staircase will help you correctly calculate the volume of material that will be needed to complete this work.

You can place these 13 rises in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed next to each other - “°”, “ ” (for example, 4 steps on the lower flight, a platform and 8 steps on the upper flight). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

Ladder- this is one of the most important structures in any private house, as it is the basis for free movement between floors. When choosing a project, craftsmen are often guided only by the economic and aesthetic side of the problem, often neglecting construction and design standards and rules. However, ignoring such an important component in many cases leads to the product being unstable, unsafe and uncomfortable.

The effective construction service KALK.PRO offers to perform an automated calculation of stairs online using a 3D calculator, as a result of which you will receive everything you need to install the structure: comprehensive estimate, full set of drawings and interactive model for the best visual perception. The staircase design program calculates the parameters of all elements and provides some recommendations based on the provisions of SNiP, GOST and TU, which are used for the manufacture of wooden buildings.

The program is easy to use and does not require special engineering skills - all fields of the calculator are intuitive, and the help includes illustrations with symbols individual elements. Each calculation is accompanied by an assessment of the resulting structure, and if incorrect values are entered - in case of critical deviations, the calculation will stop and a pop-up window will show in which field the error was made; if the deviation is insignificant, recommendations will be provided where the correction needs to be applied.

Use the calculator for calculating a wooden staircase to the second floor to create a truly reliable and comfortable design. Over 5 years of work, we have helped to implement over 3000 projects for residents of Russia, the CIS and Europe.

Why are our staircase calculators better?

Close cooperation with staircase manufacturers

Highest detail in drawings and 3D models

Final report with a list of required materials

Ready-made estimate for the construction of the structure by the contractor

Technical support helps when working with the calculator

Positive feedback and a large number of implemented projects

Unlike other sites online calculators our project has a number of stairs undeniable advantages and these are not empty words, since you can personally verify all these statements in practice.

Constructor functionality. You can design any type of structure and choose the features for fastening the elements. If invalid values are entered, the calculation will stop and a warning with an error will be displayed, on other resources - the calculation will be carried out in any case.
Recommendations. Our calculator provides recommendations for many design elements, for example, you will find out the optimal parameters: angle of inclination, height of steps, width of the step board, tread width, staircase width, width of stringers (upper, intermediate, lower). On other sites - only inclination angle .
. Our development department works closely with real manufacturers of staircase structures, which is why we pay increased attention to detailing and fastening of individual components. Professionals and private companies use our tool everywhere .
Ready estimate. As a result of the calculation, the user receives a final report, which contains all the necessary drawings, a 3D model in the selected projection and a ready-made estimate for the manufacture of stairs, with detailed description quantity of materials . On other sites - only the dimensions of the elements.
Graphic arts. Most visitors choose our site, among other reasons, because of the availability of high-quality, well-designed graphics. In addition to the fact that the drawings are as close as possible to the standards of technical documentation, the projection of individual elements in the diagram is selected in such a way that when cutting, the fiber direction wood (seam of laminated boards).
. If you experience difficulties using the calculator or have questions regarding the resulting calculation, we will look into the situation and we'll try to answer for any constructive questions 24/7.
Personal Area. Also on our website there is a convenient Personal Area, in which the results of calculating a staircase or any other structure are saved - you you'll never lose your project, and you can also download the download at any time, regardless of the time of the operation.

Every month we receive dozens positive feedback and thanks from users of the KALK.PRO project. On the page " Reviews" located finished projects structures made based on the calculations of our tools.

Designer capabilities

The service provides a large number of proven tools, using which you can create a convenient, reliable and safe design. In its calculations, the 3D staircase designer algorithm takes into account the data of SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) “Fire safety of buildings and structures”, SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) “Single-apartment residential buildings”, SNiP 2.08 .01-89 “Residential buildings”, SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011) “ Public buildings and structures", SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010) "Loads and impacts", GOST 23120-78 "Flight stairs, platforms and steel fences", etc.

Calculation is currently available in the program following types wooden structures:

straight staircase (on stringers, on bowstrings);
staircase with winder steps at 90° (two-flight);
staircase with winder steps 180° (two-flight);
staircase with winder steps 180° (three-flight);
staircase with a 90° turntable (two-flight);
staircase with a 180° rotating platform (two-flight);
staircase with a 180° rotating platform (three-flight).

In addition to this, we also have on the project calculation of metal stairs- perhaps you will be interested in the design on a broken stringer (zigzag)?!

Among the main features of the calculator, it is necessary to highlight ( - only on KALK.PRO) :

Units. Ability to select units of measurement (mm, cm, m, inches, feet), as well as their automatic translation in the calculator fields and results without recalculation by the user.
Drawing color. Possibility of choosing color or monochrome drawing of drawings. May be useful for persons with disabilities and, if necessary, increasing the contrast of individual elements.
Staircase option. Possibility to select the side of the staircase (right or left).
Fastening turning steps . Possibility to choose the type of fastening of the turning steps to the support column (tenon-groove connection, slotted connection support pillar).
Opening parameters. Classic fields for entering opening parameters (height, length, width).
Definition of an opening. Calculators have the ability to select a direction (segment) along the outer edge of the stairs (upper, intermediate or lower flight), which will be taken as the length of the opening. The characteristics of the staircase directly depend on this parameter.
Calculation of stepsstairs. Depending on the calculator, you will need to enter the number of upper, intermediate and lower steps, their thickness and protrusion. It is also necessary to indicate whether the upper step is considered below the level of the second floor or not.
Risers. It is possible to note whether the installation of risers is required and, if so, what thickness they will be.
Stringers(for stairs on a stringer). You must enter the thickness and width of the stringer.
Bowstring(for stairs on a bowstring). You must enter the thickness and width of the string. We also take into account the heel margin and the bowstring width margin (front, back), and the drawings are presented in two projections.
Support beams. You must enter the thickness and width of the stiffener beams.
Support pillars. It is necessary to enter the value of the cross-sectional side of the support column.
Stair railing. Fields for entering parameters of staircase enclosing elements: handrails (thickness, width, height), balusters (section side).
Floor slab. Fields for entering floor parameters (protrusion above the opening, distance from the wall, thickness).
Wall. Optional field, necessary for better visual perception.

A well-executed design of a staircase to the second floor in a private house will save money significant amount time and money to manufacture the structure.

Calculation results

As a result of calculating the stairs online, you receive a comprehensive estimate with the optimal consumption of materials (quantity, volume) and detailed characteristics each structural element. However, the most important thing is that the convenience of the structure will be assessed according to the following parameters: the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the stairs, the number of steps, the height of the steps, the depth of the tread, the minimum width of the stringer/string); at the end of which you can adjust the parameters and make a final decision on the need to use of this type stairs.

Calculations are based on classical mathematical logic using simple geometric formulas, so calculation errors are minimized, however, it is worth considering rounding numbers when displaying dimensions in drawings. There is a direct relationship that determines that the accuracy of displaying the calculation result is higher when using units of measurement of a lower order, that is, for millimeters the error will be no more than 0.1 mm, and when choosing centimeters - ~1 mm, etc.

Also worth noting some features when transferring dimensions from drawings to a real structure. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the cut, which has physical dimensions of several millimeters in width. Secondly, we must not forget about the cumulative error, an example of which can be demonstrated as follows.

A calculation was made of a staircase (in centimeters) with 10 steps with an opening height of 162.5 cm - as a result, in the drawings the height of each step was 16.3 cm. However, you can notice that if you make a reverse calculation by steps, you get 16.3 cm × 10 = 163 cm, which is actually 0.5 cm higher than the height of the opening. This situation arises due to the fact that when drawing on the drawings, values are rounded to the first decimal place, i.e., under the number 16.3 cm the value of 16.25 cm was “hidden”. To reduce such errors to a minimum calculations should be made in millimeters However, in some situations it will still be necessary to adjust the outermost elements of the structure when installing in height.

Staircase drawing with dimensions

Staircase drawings are a critical component of any project documentation, since they allow you to record the design features of the elements and their connections. They also provide an opportunity to preliminary evaluate the parameters of individual design components in practice. That is, by making templates from cheaper materials, such as cardboard or paper, you can eliminate the error on initial stage and save a significant amount of money on materials.

However, you should not assume that you can draw a staircase diagram yourself without proper experience in drawing and design. Without special training, you are unlikely to be able to maintain the dimensions of the drawings, maintain accuracy down to a fraction of a millimeter and at the same time show accuracy, maintaining the readability of each element. Professional computer programs AutoCAD, Compass-3D, CorelDRAW, etc. cost a considerable amount of money; in addition, without the proper operating skills, it will take a lot of time to even learn the basics.

The KALK.PRO service eliminates unnecessary difficulties and provides ready-made drawings of wooden stairs based on the user’s entered data. Our diagrams are distinguished by excellent elaboration of individual node connections and the whole picture as a whole, you can evaluate for yourself high quality graphics and compare it with other services.

3D model

A 3D model of the staircase allows you to examine the resulting structure in real proportions and evaluate the prospects for using the current project. Unlike drawings, a 3D model is not intended for the manufacture of structural elements, but it can visually convey general idea object down to the smallest detail.

On our website, a 3D staircase design is drawn based on the user’s entered data with absolute accuracy without any distortions or errors. Zooming and controlling the camera occurs using the mouse - left and right keys, respectively. The three-dimensional model can be downloaded in the selected projection on the staircase calculator tab in PNG format, it is also possible to download graphics in OBJ format (supported by Autodesk 3ds Max, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, PC LIRA...) for further editing.

How to calculate stairs online using a calculator?

To calculate a staircase with drawings using an online calculator, you need to go to the tab of the appropriate design and fill in all the fields based on the available opening parameters. However, first we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the proposed video, which describes in detail all the steps in the program and provides adviсe professional master , who personally manufactures stairs.

Calculating stairs online using a calculator from KALK.PRO means confidence in the quality of the structures being built due to the high accuracy of the operations performed.

How to make a comfortable staircase?

The choice of staircase design depends to a greater extent on the parameters of the opening and to a lesser extent on one’s own preferences, since in the predominant number of private houses redevelopment is excluded and it is necessary adapt to existing conditions. In this case, the main task of the master comes down to the most rational use of the available space in order to achieve optimal characteristics stairs that will ensure high ergonomics of the structure as a whole.

Accordingly, we can select some directly proportional dependence, the arguments of which are the area of the structure in projection onto the surface of the floor/ceiling and the conditional convenience coefficient. The correlation occurs according to the principle - the larger the occupied area, the greater the convenience a person will experience when moving between levels. In decreasing order of convenience, the sorting looks like this:

the stairs are straight;
stairs with a platform;
stairs with winder steps;
combined stairs;
spiral staircases.

Thus, the most the best facilities admit marching stairs, then combined and lastly spiral.

In the case of choosing classic designs on a stringer or bowstring, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the overall slope of the staircase, calculation of steps, height of railings, etc. The list of all recommendations and rules is quite extensive, but among the most significant it is worth noting the following values:

staircase inclination angle from 30° to 45°;
the number of steps per march should vary from 3 to 16 and be odd, so that the first and last step accounted for one leg;
the recommended height of the steps is 12-20 cm, the optimal height is 15-18 cm;
width (depth) of steps - 27-30 cm;
the height of the railing should not be less than 90 cm; if there are children, it is better to increase it to 150 cm;
The safe installation interval for balusters is 10-15 cm.

Compliance with these and other recommended parameters is extremely important - comfort during movement and safety, minimization of the occupied space, compliance with requirements depend on them fire safety, capacity of the staircase structure. Each online staircase calculator from KALK.PRO evaluates structures and provides some recommendations, which can be viewed in the corresponding block of the report.

In most cases, a ladder is a mandatory attribute country house. In addition, structures of this type can be used in two-level apartments or offices. Stairs today not only perform a practical function, they are also additional items interior and add zest to the overall design of the room.

Staircase options

According to certain design features, stairs can be represented by marching, spiral or a combined variation. The total area and layout features of the room will determine which of the above types of structures is most appropriate to use in a particular case.

It is necessary to ensure that installed structure answered everyone necessary requirements ergonomics.

Marching staircase

This design of the staircase is distinguished by its reliability and extreme ease of manufacture.

Design in in this case will consist of one or several marches (this is the name of a rectilinear fragment with steps).

To maintain ergonomics, the number of steps in one flight should not exceed sixteen.

Spiral staircase

This structure consists of a support rod around which steps are arranged in a spiral.

The total area of the classic variation of a spiral staircase does not exceed one square meter, as a result of which it can be installed even in small rooms. The peculiarity of such a staircase is the possibility of its location anywhere in the room.

Combined staircase

In this case, we are talking about an arched architectural structure.

The combined staircase combines elements of marching and screw structures. This allows you to implement design tasks of any level of complexity.

Before starting the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to take into account the specific layout of the room. You should also take into account total area rooms. It may be necessary to create a project that will coordinate all further actions during the installation work. At the initial stage, the following points should be taken into account:

distance from the ground floor floor to the ceiling;
features of the location of the walls;
features of the placement of doorways;
total area of the room;
planning features.

The height of individual steps of the stairs should be absolutely identical. It is recommended to avoid the formation of differences in these indicators. Width landing should be equivalent to the width of the march. The length of one straight fragment with steps should be no more than 3 m. The minimum figure in this case will be kept at 1.5 m.

The size of each individual step depends on the total number of these elements. The length of the span or section is also taken into account. The total width of the staircase is determined by the required level bandwidth. The minimum value for one person will be 0.7 m.

The level of comfort during ascent and descent will depend on the height of the steps. Most often, this indicator varies from 12 to 20 cm. The optimal depth of the steps is 28-30 cm. Provided that an uneven step is implemented, these indicators should be calculated based on the total length and height of the structure.

How to determine the angle of inclination?

The angle of inclination should be such that a person can move forward proportionally while walking up the stairs. The formation of the final indicator will depend on the height and width of the steps.

In most cases, it is recommended to settle on a number that is in the range from 23 to 37 degrees. It should be noted that a very steep angle of inclination can somewhat complicate the procedure for lifting and transporting heavy objects up the stairs.

Important! The greater the angle of inclination of the stairs, the less space may be required for its placement. However, too steep an angle significantly complicates the procedure of climbing to the second floor.

If the angle of inclination is less than twenty-three degrees, then you can resort to installing a ramp. This flat design will make it easier to descend and ascend. It should be noted here that a staircase with an inclination angle of more than forty degrees can become an insurmountable obstacle for users.

Parameters of railings and fences

When carrying out the appropriate calculations before installing the stairs on the second floor, you should take into account the parameters of the railings and some of the structure’s fences. In particular, it is necessary to determine the following points:

baluster height;
handrail length;
height of support posts;
railing width

The optimal width of the railing will be equivalent to 100 mm. This indicator will contribute to the comfortable use of the stairs by an adult. Railings are most often located at a height of 900 mm. Based on this, it is easy to conclude that the height of the baluster will be approximately 800 mm. In this case, you should pay attention to the method of installing the baluster. If this element is mounted in grooves, then its length should be slightly longer. The final indicator is formed taking into account the depth of the groove.

As for determining the height of the support posts, you should also pay attention to the installation features. If the support used is installed on steps, then its length will be identical to the height of the baluster. Provided that the stand vertical stand installed on the floor, then to standard height the height of the placed support should be added.

The length of the railing should be equivalent to the length of the flight of stairs. The total length of this element can fully correspond to the dimensions of the staircase or be slightly larger. The increase in indicators tends to increase if the handrail extends beyond the steps.

The staircase structure can be prefabricated or monolithic. The first variation of the structure is not very popular, since installation work in this case will involve certain difficulties. In addition, all relevant work must be carried out at the construction site.

Prefabricated stairs made from large-sized elements are in great demand. The installation procedure of the entire structure does not involve any particular difficulties. This variation of stairs can be used not only in private country house, but also in public buildings. Additionally, marches of structures of this type can be reinforced with frames.

Flights with solid steps are presented in the form of a panel, which is significantly reinforced on the sides through the use of special stiffening ribs. The upper plane of such a panel has a stepped structure.

To make a staircase comfortable for use, it is necessary to fulfill many requirements for its design and shape. It is also important to calculate the ladder for safety reasons, because it must withstand all the loads placed on it. Dimensions may vary depending on their location and room parameters. In this article we will provide you with information on calculating the size of stairs with all acceptable standards.

Why is it necessary to calculate the stairs?

At the house design stage, many calculations are performed, but we are only interested in those that relate to stairs. Calculation of the stairs to the second floor in an apartment or house must be done primarily for safety reasons and to save effort and money.

Performing calculations helps determine:

how much material is needed for construction;
what loads the materials must meet to give the required strength to the structure.

Regardless of whether it is a staircase to the 2nd floor, to the attic, to the basement or inspection hole in the garage, carrying out calculations will help not only do the work correctly, but also protect from injury, eliminating the possibility of structural destruction.

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor

Using, which you can find on our website, is one of the simplest methods of calculation.

You can also use the formulas from this article for calculations.

Ceiling opening size

Calculation of the ceiling opening must be performed to avoid inconvenience when using the stairs. The distance from the stairs to the edge of the ceiling opening should be such that a person does not need to bend over when descending and ascending.

Ceiling openings are classified according to their design and are divided into:

The width of the flight to the 2nd floor will depend on the functionality of the staircase:

For safe use The span width should be at least 90-100 cm.
To move furniture between floors and for two people to calmly move in the opposite direction, a width of 125-150 cm is required.

Length of string or bowstring

In order to determine how long the bowstring (kosour) should be, you must use the formula

a 2 +b 2 =c 2,

where a is the length of the march; b – height of the stairs; c – string length (stringer).

When calculating a staircase in a private house, you can start by determining the number of steps; it will be convenient to use the table below. It shows the dependence of the number of steps on the height of the stairs and riser. Dividing the height of the stairs by the height of the riser, we get a number, rounding which we get the required number of steps.

The size of the riser depends on the angle of inclination of the structure. The figure below shows the optimal tilt angles for different types stairs and ramps. The optimal angle of inclination in residential premises is 24-37°, which corresponds to approximately 140-180 mm, the area is highlighted in green in the figure.

To determine the width of the step, it is more convenient to use the formula shown in the figure, the dependence of the step width (600-640 mm) and the height of the riser. There are a number of restrictions that must be adhered to when making calculations:

the edge of the tread should not hang down more than 50 mm;
The tread width should not be less than 100 mm.

The width of the steps based on the formula is: 600 - 2*160 = 280 mm.

If the width of the steps is less than the calculated one, this will lead to big problems when descending due to the fact that the leg will not fully stand on the step.

What can the parameters of the steps depend on?

The main parameter on which any straight staircase, turning or spiral, depends is the size of the room in which it is located.

When not very large area a room in which it is necessary to fit a straight single-flight staircase, you will have to change the angle of inclination of the structure to a steeper one in order to reduce the length of the string. Changing the angle of inclination directly affects all parameters of the steps, except their length; the dependence is presented in the figure.

To save optimal height riser, it is necessary to reduce the width of the step.

Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs

Depending on the angle of inclination, stairs are divided into:

ramps - tilt angle up to 30°;
For residential premises - slope 30-45°;
45-75° - attached, steep;
more than 75° - evacuation, fire.

Knowing the principles of calculating the angle of a staircase, you will be able to design and build a comfortable staircase.

Features of the calculation of turning stairs

There are a number of methods. The calculation of a U-shaped staircase is practically no different from the calculation of a staircase with a 90° turn.

The most in a simple way calculation is the method of proportions; you can find calculation options by other methods on our website. You can also use construction calculator our website for calculating U-shaped and L-shaped stairs.

Graphical method

The method is based on the proportional placement of steps at the turning point; the calculation of stairs with a turn of 90 and 180° is identical. Let's look at the example of calculating a U-shaped staircase:

Draw the staircase (top view) to scale, indicating the outer steps towards the turn and the central turning pillar.
Place the axle in the middle of the stairs (in the center of the support pillar).
On both sides of the axis you need to draw an equilateral right triangle.
Divide the hypotenuse of the triangle into 3 equal parts.
We connect the central turning pillar with the marks on the hypotenuse with lines, as a result of which each of the sides, separated by the axis from step 2, turns out to be divided into 3 parts.

Features of calculating spiral staircases

The principle is in many ways similar to the calculations of simple marching and turning stairs, but, of course, there are points that should be paid attention to due to design features.

When making a spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you should know that there are certain limits in the size of spiral staircases, beyond which it is not advisable to go for reasons of safety and ease of use:

the depth of the step in the center line is not less than 200 mm;
at a distance of 150 mm from the support post at least 100 mm;
in the wide part at the edge no more than 400 mm;
staircase diameter from 1300 to 3300 mm;
march width from 530 to 1430 mm;
opening diameter from 1300 to 3300 mm.

Let's look at the example of calculating a spiral staircase for a room 2700 mm high with a flight width of 1000 mm.

It is necessary to calculate the diameter of the future staircase and, accordingly, the diameter of the ceiling opening. The main thing when calculating the double width of the march is not to forget to add the diameter of the central support column; with such a width of the march it should be at least 200 mm. As a result, we get: D=1000+1000+200=2200 mm. This size falls within the parameters described earlier.
Let us determine the radius of the rise, which is equal to the sum of half the width of the march and the radius of the support. Rn=500+100=600 mm. We take half the width of the march due to the fact that in the middle of the span the most optimal width tread, which is 200 mm.
Knowing the lifting radius Rn=600 mm and the tread width 200 mm, we determine the number of steps per turn of the staircase using the formula: L=2πr/200=2*3.14*600/200=18.84. Having rounded the resulting number, we find out that one turn consists of 19 steps.
To calculate the height of the step, it is necessary to determine the distance between the turns of the staircase. Let's consider an example of the use of a ladder by people whose height is no more than 180 cm. In this case, the distance between turns should be at least 200 cm. Thus, we determine that the height of the steps is 2000/19 = 105 mm.
The number of steps for our room with a height of 2700 mm is 2700/105 = 26 pcs.

2000/160=13 pcs

steps, and, accordingly, the entire staircase:

2700/160=17pcs

This option will be more economical, due to the fact that the entire staircase will require 9 fewer steps.

Which of the proposed options to use is up to you. The difference is that the climb spiral staircase steeper than a simple march, and the use of less high steps makes the ascent easier.

How to calculate an attic staircase in a house

An attic folding ladder is calculated in the same way as a simple extension ladder, based on the fact that the angle of inclination is 65°. To determine the length of the stairs you need to use the formula.