Reverse - the gearbox for the mini-tractor has a gear ratio of 1:4.62, which made it possible to relieve the engine gearbox and obtain good not only traction, but also driving performance: on the road, the mini-tractor reaches speeds of up to 25 km/h. There are already several similar machines in our city.
They are reliable assistants personal plots; Over many years of use - not a single breakdown! It is possible that our reversible mechanism will be of interest to home-made workers involved in the manufacture of motorized means of mechanization of agricultural labor, as well as those constructing various all-terrain vehicles. The gearbox fits well with any motorcycle (and not only motorcycle) engines that have a sprocket on the output shaft for a conventional roller chain.
Moreover, it can be used as a purely reversible gearbox (transmitting torque from the engine output shaft to the rear axle cardan shaft) or as the rear axle(with one wheel drive), as is done on our micro tractors. The gearbox is assembled using parts of the final drive of a decommissioned GAZ-69 car.
The drive bevel gear (its shank is installed in bearings No. 208) receives rotation from the drive sprocket mounted on the shank. Next, the torque is transmitted to one of two driven bevel gears rotating in bearings No. 206 on the splined shaft.
At any given moment, the one working is the one that is engaged with the reverse sleeve on the central splines of the shaft. From the latter, the movement of the cardan is transmitted either to the differential or directly to the driving wheel of the vehicle.
The reversible gear housing is made of thick-walled gas pipe diameter 273 mm.
The remaining parts are machined from steel 3, except for the hubs, sprocket, rod, fork and reverse bushing - these are made from steel 45 with subsequent hardening. Special attention attention was paid to the cams of the hubs and reverse bushings, since they carry significant dynamic loads. The degree of pressing of the drive gear to the driven gear is regulated by gaskets between the housing and the flange of the bearing assembly.
The reverse bushing is moved to the right or left (according to the drawing) by a fork sitting on the rod of the reverse mechanism. The final (“forward” or “backward”) and intermediate (“neutral”) positions of the fork are fixed by a spring-loaded ball that fits into the grooves of the rod. The latter is connected to the reverse lever, which controls the reverse gearbox.
Rice. 1. Layout of the reverse gearbox for a mini-tractor: 1- gear housing, 2- driven gear (2 pcs.), 3- hub (2 pcs.), 4- reverse bushing, 5- bearing No. 7506, 6- end plug , 7 - splined shaft, 8 - right gear cover, 9 - pack of gaskets (4 pcs.), 10 - bearing housing, 11 - bearing cover, 12,22 - cuff plugs, 13,23- sealing cuffs, 14-drive sprocket, 15-bolt M8X 25 (6 pcs.), 16-spacer washers, 17-bolt M10X25 (8 pcs.), 18-bearing No. 208 (2 pcs.), 19-drive gear with shank, 20 - left gearbox cover, 21 - bearing No. 206 (6 pcs.), 24-bolt M8X30 (12 pcs.), 25 - spline shaft cover, 26-bolt M8X20 (12 pcs.), 27-bolt M10X20 (12 pcs. .), 28 - reverse fork, 29 - splined flange, 30 - reverse activation mechanism, 31 - reverse activation lever.
Rice. 3. Left cover of the reverse gear: 1 - cover, 2 - bearing housing.
Rice. 2. Reverse gear housing: 1 - pipe, 2 - ring (2 pcs.), 3 - bearing unit flange.
Rice. 4. Reverse activation mechanism: 1- lining, 2- bushing, 3- rod, 4- casing, 5- nut M16X1.5, 6- reverse fork, 7- threaded head, 8- screw-plug M12X 1.75, 9 - spring, 10-ball, 11-rod fork.
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The electric motor drives the rotation worm gear, which rotates the satellite, and the shaft changes the angle of rotation during rotation. Thanks to their design, geared motors with worm gears are characterized by smooth and quiet operation. The essence of the worm mechanism is to slow down the rotation. A worm gearbox may have one or more mechanical planetary gears. Below we will look at how you can make a simple gearbox with your own hands.
As a rule, a good home workshop has many devices and devices that can make manual labor easier and increase work efficiency. For example, such mechanisms include a reduction gear.
One of the main and critical parts of a reduction gearbox is its housing. The shafts and axles of the gearbox serve as supports for the gears. As a rule, in a single-stage gearbox only shafts with rigidly mounted gears are used (pressure fit, keyed or splined).
The axis is used when we need to insert an intermediate gear into the gearbox (for example, to ensure the same direction of rotation of the input and output shafts). The bearings in the gearbox serve as supports for the shafts and absorb the loads that arise during operation of the gearbox.
No less important details gears are gears. It is the geometric dimensions of the gears and their gear ratio that will determine the interaxal distance between the gearbox shafts, as well as the layout of its housing. When installing gears, it is important to correctly set the gap between them, since the load capacity and noise level during operation of the gearbox depend on this.
Shaft seals are needed to prevent oil from leaking out of the gearbox. When I decided to leave that job and start my own business (motor tuning - making arches, backrests, luggage racks...
The gear pair, gearbox, and “glass” are clearly visible. Gearboxes are classified according to the type of mechanical transmission. The screw that forms the basis of the worm gear is similar in appearance to a worm, hence the name. Worm gears use more viscous oils than gear reducers to increase galling resistance. In worm gearboxes Vsk
How to make a reduction gearbox
The direction and angle of the worm wheel teeth are the same as those of the worm threads. There are two main types of worm gears: cylindrical, or simply worm, gears (with cylindrical worms) and globoid (with globoid worms). Compared to ordinary gears, the gear ratio (gear ratio) of a worm gearbox can be significantly larger.
Due to these advantages, worm gears are widely used in hoisting and transport machines, various machine tools and some other machines. Characteristic feature The worm gear motor has a self-braking property. To prevent breakage of the worm pairs, it is better to solder limit washers in advance, which will eliminate axial displacement.
In addition, the gearbox has another and no less important purpose. Thus, by using a gearbox, we simultaneously, with a decrease in speed, seem to increase the power of the engine itself. However, it often happens that even with a gearbox, the power developed by the engine is insufficient to set the model or individual mechanisms in motion.
How to be! How to find a way out! It turns out there is a way out. We must give up single-stage gearbox and try to calculate a gearbox consisting of two stages, with two pairs of gears. After all, an engine with such a gearbox will allow you to get an output of only about 470 rpm. Then we will select a second pair of gears for the second stage of the gearbox with a gear ratio that would give us required quantity rpm
What gears can be used for gearboxes for microelectric motors! The gearbox shaft is connected to the motor shaft with a flexible coupling. A flexible coupling can be a spring twisted from 0.3 mm steel wire, 15-20 mm long. The spring is put on the ends of the motor and gearbox shafts and soldered.
This defect is explained by the jamming of the worm pair, which leads to gearbox failure. The body of the single-stage gearbox produced by the plant is made of two stamped iron halves, connected together by small claws that fit into slots. When soldering, be sure to use soldering acid, not rosin, and do not forget to rinse the gearbox, dry it and lubricate it afterwards.
Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive
The drill body already contains a planetary gearbox of approximately 3:1. A very powerful machine. Do it yourself - with your own hands" - website interesting homemade products made from scrap materials and items at home.
On sale today different types devices, but many car owners make a winch with their own hands. It is impossible to make a winch without a gearbox. Motorists use the most unusual gearboxes, for example, a trolleybus door opening mechanism.
When choosing a starter, preference should be given to models with a planetary gearbox. Each master develops and implements his own designs. The winch can be made by hand using the following technology. After installing the drum, a gearbox is attached to its axis. An adapter necessary for mounting the starter is installed in the upper part of the gearbox.
For installation, you first need to place the winch at the mounting location and make markings. If the car gets stuck deeply, you can attach a winch and pull the car out of the quagmire.
Anyone who confidently works with chainsaws can make interesting homemade chainsaws with their own hands. welding machine, grinder, and if necessary can stand up to lathe. This chainsaw moped is equipped with a gearbox with a gear ratio of 18:1 and a CVT transmission, which allows you to comfortably move on it at the speed of a regular bicycle.
Since the ice auger operates at low speeds, to adapt the chainsaw motor, it is connected to the auger through a reduction worm gear. It consists of a frame, an engine with a gear reducer, a control panel, a generator and connecting electrical cables. Detail 2.JPG please help, the differential housing rotates, which rotates two satellites, one of which transmits rotation to the engine, and the second satellite is connected to a worm gear.
If the gearbox has helical gears or a worm gear, then an axial load is transmitted to the shaft (and, accordingly, the bearings). Sometimes there is also distortion of the walls in a two-stage gearbox. Sometimes a purchased, working gearbox installed on a model suddenly fails, and an attempt to turn its shaft by hand often leads nowhere.
Home craftsmen try to equip their workshop with a variety of homemade devices, capable of facilitating physical work and improve the quality of work. So useful device can be considered a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor or mini tractor. This product is used to reduce the speed of the engine working shaft and increase its torque. Before making a gearbox with your own hands, you should carefully study the instructions.
What is a gearbox
This device is a chain or gear mechanism located between the shaft electric motor or a gasoline engine and the final unit of the working apparatus.
Main technical characteristics The following values can be considered for a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor:
- maximum transmitted power;
- efficiency;
- number of driven and driving working shafts.
It is worth noting that special worm or gear drives must be attached to the rotational units of the product.
This will help regulate and transmit rotation from one product to another. Located in the frame through holes for bearings with which the side shafts rotate.
Where is the device used?
A reduction gearbox has many advantages. Its design allows you to increase productivity and profitability of large industrial enterprises. It can also be considered an indispensable assistant in the household.
Experts highlight the following areas of application of the device:
- in industry;
- in car gearboxes;
- in various electrical equipment.
The walk-behind tractor uses a reverse manual gearbox, which makes it possible to change speeds. The factory gear ratio is sometimes very small. The designers equipped the unit with a small sprocket on the operating shaft of the gearbox. Interacting with a large star from the wheel of the device, it ensures a decrease in engine speed. An additional sprocket must be put on the working shaft located in the bearing platform. It will transmit torque through the second chain to the wheels of the walk-behind tractor.
Thus, you can assemble a reduction gearbox for an electric motor with your own hands, which will have high torque and a two-stage reduction in the number of engine revolutions. Using a gearbox from any motorcycle, it becomes possible to adjust the speed without pressing the gas handle. The engine will almost always operate at low speeds and fail less.
You can make a bevel gear with your own hands from an old scooter or tractor. In this case, the wheeled platform is not used.
It is necessary to install cultivator rollers on the bridge. This option provides optimal operating power and travel speed.
The design of a mini tractor is a mechanism that must be designed so that it can cope with a number of tasks such as cultivating soil, clearing terrain, harvesting grass, etc. In particular, for plowing land, the speed reserve, as well as the power of the unit, is very important, and therefore necessary element diagram is a gearbox. It is located between the gearbox and clutch parts and consists of interlocking gears.
The type of factory or home-made reduction gearbox for a mini tractor depends on its operating efficiency, as well as its ability to overcome difficult terrain conditions, so you need to be very careful when choosing a model and installing it.
Features of the gearbox and its influence on the design of the mini tractor
In most cases, a minitractor that was assembled not at the factory, but independently, is equipped with a gearbox from suitable technology(walk-behind tractor, motorcycle) or also done with your own hands. If you take it already finished part, then you just need to take into account the correct gear ratios and make the installation; the second option is more difficult. As a rule, in order to make a homemade gearbox for a mini tractor, a ready-made housing is taken: it is not possible to make it yourself, since in the factory it is made from cast iron or alloys containing aluminum using special equipment. Shafts and gears should be selected taking into account the load on the finished spare part, and bearings, seals and fuses should be selected according to the design.
Reducing gearbox for a mini tractor: possible breakdowns
As a rule, in case of illiterate operation or work in difficult conditions This part may fail for the following reasons:
- Excessive physical stress, as a result of which shafts and gears can overheat in spare parts, and gear teeth can break. In the latter case, the breakdown can be diagnosed due to characteristic shocks in the chassis area and the inability to reduce the speed to the desired level.
- Improper care or lack thereof. Inspection of a mini tractor also includes checking the main parts related to the wheelbase and engine, so gearbox faults will be detected fairly quickly.
- Incorrect selection of consumables: lubricants, etc.
Assembly of a reduction gearbox: what needs to be taken into account?
When designing a homemade reverse gearbox for a mini tractor, you should first take into account a number of details:
- The rated power required by the device.
- Torque.
- Gearbox installation angle.
- Number of revolutions per minute.
- Load on the shafts of the spare part along the axis and radius.
- Limits of temperature arising during operation.
- Type of lubricant required part.
- Switching cycle (full or variable).
conclusions
IN homemade mini tractor Controllability is very important, which is directly affected by the number of speeds and the ability of the mechanism to switch between them. The ability to sharply reduce speed to a minimum and increase power is the task of a reduction gearbox, and its installation is mandatory if the minitractor is intended for cultivating soil or removing loose and hard materials from the surface (for example, removing snow, leaves, grass, etc.).
Video
The operation of a homemade reverse gearbox is shown in the video.
The design of a mini tractor is a mechanism that must be designed so that it can cope with a number of tasks such as cultivating soil, clearing terrain, harvesting grass, etc. In particular, for plowing the land, the speed reserve is very important, as well as the power of the unit, and therefore a necessary element of the circuit is the gearbox. It is located between the gearbox and the clutch parts and consists of gears that mesh with each other.
The type of factory or home-made reduction gearbox for a mini tractor depends on its operating efficiency, as well as its ability to overcome difficult terrain conditions, so you need to be very careful when choosing a model and installing it.
Features of the gearbox and its influence on the design of the mini tractor
In most cases, a minitractor that was not assembled at the factory, but independently, is equipped with a gearbox from suitable equipment (walk-behind tractor, motorcycle) or is also made by hand. If you take a ready-made part, then you only need to take into account the correct gear ratios and install it; the second option is more difficult. As a rule, in order to make a homemade gearbox for a mini tractor, a ready-made housing is taken: it is not possible to make it yourself, since in the factory it is made from cast iron or alloys containing aluminum using special equipment. Shafts and gears should be selected taking into account the load on the finished spare part, and bearings, seals and fuses should be selected according to the design.
Reducing gearbox for a mini tractor: possible breakdowns
As a rule, if used incorrectly or worked in difficult conditions, this part may fail for the following reasons:
- Excessive physical stress, as a result of which shafts and gears can overheat in spare parts, and gear teeth can break. In the latter case, the breakdown can be diagnosed due to characteristic shocks in the chassis area and the inability to reduce the speed to the desired level.
- Improper care or lack thereof. Inspection of a mini tractor also includes checking the main parts related to the wheelbase and engine, so gearbox faults will be detected fairly quickly.
- Incorrect selection of consumables: lubricants, etc.
Assembly of a reduction gearbox: what needs to be taken into account?
When designing a homemade reverse gearbox for a mini tractor, you should first take into account a number of details:
- The rated power required by the device.
- Torque.
- Gearbox installation angle.
- Number of revolutions per minute.
- Load on the shafts of the spare part along the axis and radius.
- Limits of temperature arising during operation.
- Type of lubricant required.
- Switching cycle (full or variable).
conclusions
In a homemade mini tractor, controllability is very important, which is directly affected by the number of speeds and the ability of the mechanism to switch between them. The ability to sharply reduce speed to a minimum and increase power is the task of a reduction gearbox, and its installation is mandatory if the minitractor is intended for cultivating soil or removing loose and hard materials from the surface (for example, removing snow, leaves, grass, etc.).
Video
The operation of a homemade reverse gearbox is shown in the video.
Home craftsmen try to equip their workshop with a variety of homemade devices that can make physical labor easier and improve the quality of work. Such a useful device can be considered a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor or mini tractor. This product is used to reduce the speed of the engine working shaft and increase its torque. Before making a gearbox with your own hands, you should carefully study the instructions.
What is a gearbox
This device is a chain or gear mechanism located between the shaft of an electric motor or gasoline engine and the final assembly of the working apparatus.
The main technical characteristics of a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor can be considered the following values:
- maximum transmitted power;
- efficiency;
- number of driven and driving working shafts.
It is worth noting that special worm or gear drives must be attached to the rotational units of the product.
This will help regulate and transmit rotation from one product to another. The frame contains through holes for bearings, with the help of which the side shafts rotate.
Where is the device used?
A reduction gearbox has many advantages. Its design allows you to increase the productivity and profit of large industrial enterprises. It can also be considered an indispensable assistant in the household.
Experts highlight the following areas of application of the device:
- in industry;
- in car gearboxes;
- in various electrical equipment.
The walk-behind tractor uses a reverse manual gearbox, which makes it possible to change speeds. The factory gear ratio is sometimes very small. The designers equipped the unit with a small sprocket on the operating shaft of the gearbox. Interacting with a large star from the wheel of the device, it ensures a decrease in engine speed. An additional sprocket must be put on the working shaft located in the bearing platform. It will transmit torque through the second chain to the wheels of the walk-behind tractor.
Thus, you can assemble a reduction gearbox for an electric motor with your own hands, which will have high torque and a two-stage reduction in the number of engine revolutions. Using a gearbox from any motorcycle, it becomes possible to adjust the speed without pressing the gas handle. The engine will almost always operate at low speeds and fail less.
You can make a bevel gear with your own hands from an old scooter or tractor. In this case, the wheeled platform is not used.
It is necessary to install cultivator rollers on the bridge. This option provides optimal operating power and travel speed.