Ecology of consumption. Estate: Often, before a full-fledged house appears on a site, there is a need for temporary housing that will shelter the owners for the period of the main construction. Those for whom the visual component is also important, and whose temporary shelter will later become a seasonal shelter for guests, prefer another type of construction - country houses made of tongue-and-groove boards.
Often, before a full-fledged house appears on a site, there is a need for temporary housing that will shelter the owners during the main construction period. Not everyone can afford a permanent structure as a temporary shelter.
Basically, these are compact, lightweight designs frame type. The most common are ready-made wooden cabins - they provide a roof over your head, are reasonably priced, and functional. However, one cannot expect increased decorativeness from such a structure, and in the future it will become a warehouse for household utensils and/or a workshop.
Those for whom the visual component is also important, and whose temporary shelter will later become a seasonal shelter for guests, prefer another type of construction - country houses made of tongue-and-groove boards.
Makeshift makeshift discord
Grooved board - processed board made of different varieties wood, which has fastening elements along the edges: on one side there is a tenon, on the other there is a groove (tongue). The board is carefully planed, thanks to which it has a presentable appearance, and the fastening system allows you to assemble monolithic panels without gaps and the use of additional fasteners. It turns out durable, reliable connection with a minimum of effort and time.
Houses made of tongue-and-groove boards are self-supporting structures, in which the main load falls not on the timber frame, but on the crosscuts - perpendicular connections of all walls (like a log house). Standard thickness tongue and groove for a house is 45 - 70 mm, but due to the high cost of the material, this is usually the lower limit (45 mm).
They are designed for seasonal living; manufacturers supply house kits - this is not just a set wooden elements for the construction of floors, walls, partitions and roofs, but also doors (interior and entrance), windows (usually plastic double glazed windows), roofing material. Treating wood with an antiseptic in production is not practiced, but the wood is dried in chambers, so shrinkage of the structure during operation is minimal.
Companies involved in the production of such “construction sets” work both with their own standard designs and with individual sketches - they make sets to order, which also attracts consumers.
The opportunity to immediately get a home designed for your own needs, rather than adapting to a ready-made box, is always tempting. At the same time, the cost of a practical, but unattractive cabin is quite comparable to the cost of a tongue-and-groove house, which looks much more fun. The companies work both on a turnkey basis - they provide services for installing the foundation and assembling the structure, and sell house kits for self-assembly. It was the second option that was chosen.
An alternative to a temporary hut, or the woman didn’t have any troubles
After purchasing the plot, the need arose to build a temporary shelter, which in the future will become a guest house, and in the present will provide a comfortable existence while waiting capital house. The choice fell on the tongue-and-groove structure for several reasons.
Typically, the project initially provided for calculations has undergone significant changes - four rooms instead of two, plus a porch, but this did not in any way affect the previously stated cost of the house kit.
The speed of construction of the house (2 days by the company) and the apparent simplicity of the work helped for self-assembly.
It was decided to save money for installation, and at the same time acquire useful skills in the light of future construction.
And although invaluable practical experience was gained, but the construction period stretched from two days to two months. Nevertheless, the house was built, lived in, and the impressions were the most positive - no regrets about choosing a sheet pile house.
Foundation
Since buildings made from tongue-and-groove boards are lightweight, they do not require high-strength foundations - slabs or strip foundations. Most often, pile-grillage foundations are made for them. But due to the composition of the soil in in this case another design was chosen - support posts from foundation blocks (20x40x40 cm), and under them along the entire perimeter - a sand cushion. The first attempt to install a cushion using the help of the hired “Uzbekstroy”, who had never even seen the simplest hydraulic level, was not crowned with success - we had to re-compact the embankment on our own.
Construction
So that the house could be used from early spring until late autumn, a double floor was made and insulated with polystyrene foam, 10 cm thick. The framing is also double - a 45x200 mm board at the bottom, and a dozen timber on top of the board. The boards were attached to the timber with self-tapping screws at the top and bottom; this “snake” prevents twisting. The wood was treated with an antiseptic from a regular garden sprayer - this is much faster and more effective than with a brush.
Despite the protracted time frame for assembling the frame and roofing system, refusal of the company’s services allowed us to improve the design:
- Protected the wood (the company does not provide antiseptic treatment during assembly).
- The floor was insulated.
- We changed the method of fastening the joists - they cut them into the timber and secured them with corners; initially they should have been on top without additional ones. fastenings.
- We changed the method of attaching the box to the frame - instead of nails, we mounted it on corners and plates.
- The roof overhangs were increased - instead of the original 12 cm, they were increased to 30 cm.
Some shortcomings were identified during the work process:
- Size doorways corresponded to the canvas without the box - I had to cut it out with a chainsaw, fortunately, the platband hid the flaws that remained as a result.
- The window openings turned out to be smaller than the frames - the same chainsaw came to the rescue.
Finishing
Armed first with an eccentric sander and then with an orbital sander, the author sanded her house. After such accomplishments, impregnation with an antiseptic, sealing cracks with sealant and painting turned out to be an exciting and quite feasible task. While the house was being finished from the inside, the rains thoroughly soaked the porch, and it quickly became covered with blue, which required a lot of extra time, effort and nerves to erase (three days on a couple of square meters). After defeating the stains, wood oil was chosen as the finishing layer - on the advice of professionals and ordinary users.
To help everyone who is thinking about construction, large-scale or trial, here is a selection of rules from topstarter:
- Money for construction runs out faster than the construction itself.
- You cannot leave a construction site without supervision if mercenaries are working - total control.
- Construction is the best diet; extra pounds come off at a brisk pace.
- The first thing is an antiseptic, and everything else can wait (the porch experience).
Roof insulation under the ridge:
Insulation of the roof under the ridge with tile insulation 40 kg/m. kb. with a choice of thickness: 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, steam-waterproofing, lathing with a ventilation gap
Installation and insulation of the ceiling (100mm):
Ceiling insulation will protect your home from heat loss in winter and preserve comfortable temperature inside the house in the summer heat.
If you imagine a cross-section of the ceiling insulation (from the inside out), the design will look like this:
1. Interior finishing (lining 16x89 mm)
2. Vapor barrier (vapor barrier membrane Izospan V)
3. Beams (beams 100x50mm)
5. Waterproofing ( waterproofing windproof vapor-permeable membrane Izospan A)
All work on roof insulation must be carried out during the construction of the house, otherwise, the roofing material will have to be removed, because may turn out to be of poor quality.
Floor insulation (100mm):
The coldest part of the house is the floor. Therefore, to make you feel comfortable, our company offers the service “Floor insulation using joists.” All materials used for insulation have been certified.
If you imagine a section of an insulated floor, the design will look like this:
1. Subfloor (board 100x20 mm with a pitch of 300 mm)
2. Floor joists (board 100x50mm, 150x50mm, treated with antiseptic)
3. Waterproofing (waterproofing film / manufactured by Juta a.s. Czech Republic / JF D 110 Standard)
4. Insulation (ROCLITE mineral wool slabs, thickness 100mm)
5. Vapor barrier (vapor barrier film / manufactured by Juta a.s. Czech Republic / JF N 110 Standard)
6. Finish floor (tongue-and-groove floor board 100x36 mm)
Treatment protective composition:
Pile foundation 89x2500mm:
For pile foundation our company recommends using piles with a barrel diameter of 89 mm, a barrel wall thickness of 3.5 mm, a blade thickness of 5 mm and a length of 2.5 m. Each pile has a two-component anti-corrosion coating based on epoxy resins Enamel EP-439S (TU 2312-042-05034239-94).
Foundation on screw piles indispensable on soils with high levels of freezing, moisture, mobility, peat, as well as in areas with significant elevation differences. During installation, all piles are screwed to a depth of 2.2 m at a distance of no more than 3 meters relative to each other. The pile cavity is concreted (M300 concrete). Then 250x250mm caps are installed on the piles, which serve as a platform for attaching the timber. Foundation design is based on the requirements of SNiP 2.02.03-85, SP 50-102-2003, SNiP 23-01-99 and GOST 10705-80 and GOST 3262-75, etc. To create a single and integral structure, screw piles must be fastened together with timber.
Step:
House assembly:
Depending on the project and size of the structure installation work carried out within 1-2 days along with delivery.
Electric installation work:
In accordance with the PUE - internal electrical wiring in wooden house performed open method. Passages through walls are made through metal sleeves. Cable laying in IEK boxes. Electrical panels And modular equipment I.E.K. RCD with a trip current of 30 mA. In wet rooms (kitchen, shower) - an RCD is required! Cables for wiring VVGng-ls. For lighting wiring, cables are 1.5 mm 2, for sockets - 2.5 mm 2. Electrical installation elements (sockets, switches) Schneider electric Prima with metal backing. Lamps and chandeliers - upon additional order. Prices for electrical work do not include connecting the house to external networks; these works are ordered individually. Delivery – 1000 rubles + 10 rubles/km from the Moscow Ring Road one way.
Changes in the project:
Minor changes are changes in standard project buildings that do not affect the overall design of the project, load-bearing structures, foundation size:
Changing the position of door and window openings;
Changing ceiling heights;
Redevelopment within load-bearing structures;
Changes of medium complexity are changes in a typical building design that affect the general design, load-bearing structures, and size of the foundation:
Adding/removing a veranda, terrace, porch;
Changing the shape of the roof;
Adjusting the length of the roof overhang or canopy;
Increasing/decreasing the external dimensions of the building;
Full project mirroring
Selection of other materials for walls, exterior and interior decoration, roofing, flooring, etc.
Drainage system:
Plastic drainage system(TechnoNIKOL) - is a semicircular system (D gutters - 125 mm, D pipes - 80 mm), made from high-quality PVC. Advantages:
Frost resistance (from –50°C to +50°C)
UV resistant
Does not corrode
A light weight
Easy to install
Metal drainage system (Grand Line) - is a semicircular system (D gutters - 125 mm, D pipes - 90 mm), having a double-sided polyurethane coating.
Preface
Living in cramped city apartments is stressful for many, even those who are not particularly drawn to rural life. But few can afford country cottage, taking into account its cost. In this case, you can pay attention to small country houses garden houses, built from timber or tongue and groove boards.
Wooden houses made of profiled or planed timber are unique in terms of their environmental friendliness, indoor microclimate, low cost and speed of construction. In most cases, a house can be completely built within one month. Ready-made structures are lightweight, so a complex foundation is also not required. Specialized companies can offer a variety of projects, using which you can build a one-story garden house or a more serious structure with an attic.
Implementing an inexpensive project to build a country house is not difficult. Let's consider the first option, in which the material undergoes pre-processing and preparation for assembly. Before starting construction, you must ensure that all project documentation, decide on the purpose of the building, the location of construction and the possibility of laying communications.
Any, even small-sized construction country houses made of wood, begins with preparation. Ready-made ones can be purchased at construction company or compose it yourself. For this you need:
- A detailed plan diagram with a precise indication of all dimensions, including the dimensions of individual rooms;
- Visual drawings of the structural connection of profiled timber, in places where wall blocks are tied and mated, as well as in places where floor supports and rafter system;
- Visual drawing finished design in a section where the lower and upper elevations of the foundation of a country house, the vertical location of the floor and the height of the room to the ceiling structure are indicated;
- Schemes and designs of communications, their exit points and, if possible, connection points to highways.
Typically, construction from profiled timber or tongue-and-groove boards implies a wall length of no more than 10 meters. Such country houses can have a veranda or attic, one-story or higher. But, in any case, before construction begins, careful planning and preparation of the area for laying the foundation is carried out. Further work consist in the construction frame structure and filling wall blocks.
When using profiled timber, buildings are erected according to the type of constructor. All products are manufactured at the factory according to the design. necessary elements houses with the necessary cuts. They are treated with appropriate compounds, dried and labeled. At the construction site, all that remains is to assemble all the parts according to the design drawings.
The finished foundation, that is, its upper horizontal plane, is covered with a layer of roofing material, thus providing waterproofing. After which the lower trim or the first crown is installed. Having adjusted all the parts and secured them to the foundation, you can begin installing the next rows. Considering that all logs are numbered in in the necessary order, and the project has a specification and layout plan, it is possible to assemble garden houses from prepared profiled timber in a short time.
If you do not resort to using ready-made wall elements, then the construction process from profiled or ordinary timber may take a while long time. You will have to make the cuts and joints of the logs yourself and, after laying each crown, fit them tightly to each other. After assembling walls from profiled or planed timber, it is necessary to wait a certain period of time, during which the entire structure will shrink and the timber will adapt to the surrounding conditions.
The roof of a country house built from profiled timber can have the most different shape. The main thing is to make the calculation correctly, taking into account the load exerted by the roof and rafter system on the supporting structures of the house. The same timber and boards are used as the ceiling. Rafter legs are made from edged boards with a thickness of at least 2.5 mm, placed on edge. One end of the rafters rests on the upper crown of the log house. Top ends rafter legs contact ridge beam with adjacent and opposite similar elements.
The ceiling of the building must be insulated. For this purpose they are used modern materials(mineral wool boards, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam) or traditional bulk materials - expanded clay, sawdust, slag. Boards are also used to line the ceiling from inside the room. After installing the ceiling, you can move on to laying the floor.
Lay him out edged boards thickness of at least 45 mm on logs installed in advance on foundation blocks and embedded in bottom trim walls All elements load-bearing structure wooden floors in mandatory impregnated with antiseptic compounds. Laying finishing boards is necessary only after there is a strong and leak-free roof over the house.
After assembly country houses from profiled timber are treated with various impregnations, after which, if necessary, you can begin interior decoration. The pre-treated material has an already beautiful internal and external appearance. When building a house from ordinary timber, finishing with outside can be made with lining made of wood or other finishing materials.
This fastening method allows for a strong connection between tongue-and-groove boards, creating reliable structures. The products are carefully processed, so the front surface of country houses assembled from this material also does not require additional decoration.
A house made of wood using tongue and groove boards is ready-made kit different products, which are similar children's construction set going to the garden summer house. In each product, all the necessary cutouts and protrusions are made in the factory, which make it possible to assemble the building quickly and easily on the construction site. House designs also undergo careful development, which subsequently allows for the most precise connections to be made and to ensure tight fit.
The weight load on the foundation of a garden house made of tongue-and-groove boards is 60 and even 70% less than houses made of timber. Therefore, you can use a lightweight version of the foundation by making columns from concrete blocks or supports from asbestos-cement pipes.
When installing structures made of tongue-and-groove boards, it is necessary to provide for the location of several ventilation holes in the lower part of the structure. As a rule, this is included in projects. The joists for the subframe, pre-impregnated with antiseptic, are attached to the foundation at the same distance. Before starting to connect all the elements of the house, the accuracy of the layout must be checked. To prevent displacement under wind load frame beams are attached with metal corners to the foundation.
Wall blocks made from tongue-and-groove boards are mounted according to the attached diagram, where each board has its own number in the layout plan. First, half-pieces of the rear and front walls are installed, secured with screws to the foundation beam. Then comes the turn of the wall blocks. The first row of laying tongue and groove boards should slightly overlap the foundation beam, protruding a few millimeters above it. This provides protection bearing block from dampness. Having laid out the first crown, you need to tap it around the entire perimeter with a striking block, and only after that begin laying out the next rows. Supervise the installation of all rows by the construction level.
The installation of doorways in such structures according to technology begins with 5 or 6 crowns. In this regard, there are strict rules: any doors must open outwards, and window systems, inclined and rotary type- inside. Adjustment of opening sashes and doors is carried out 3 weeks after construction.
Wooden garden houses made from tongue-and-groove boards have a simple roof structure. After assembling the walls, pediments are installed from finished parts. They have special grooves into which the elements of the rafter system are placed. The only important thing here is to make sure that everything wooden parts structures: pediments, Wall panels– were in the same plane and tightly connected to each other. For reliability, all connecting elements are tapped with a mallet. After final assembly the necessary finishing work is being carried out.
Wooden houses are practical in any design. Both presented options have their own positive sides, and the choice of one method or another is yours. We can add that, having made a quality one, you can stay in it until late autumn.
How nice are the tongue and groove garden houses in the background? alternative solutions? What design features should be taken into account during construction? Which foundation is better to use? How to insulate walls? Let's try to answer these questions.
What it is
So called self-supporting structure, assembled from tongue-and-groove boards with a thickness of 45, less often 70 or 90 millimeters. Rigidity is ensured corner connections walls (by cutting); the more of them, the less the walls vibrate when closing or opening doors, the more resistant the structure is to any deforming influences.
Please note: do not confuse a self-supporting house with an ordinary frame-panel house, the cladding of which also often uses tongue-and-groove boards.
The key difference is precisely that in the case of a frame structure, most of the loads (wind, snow, etc.) are absorbed by the frame.How can insulation be ensured?
- If the house is used only in summer, it is enough to prevent air from blowing through the cracks. For this purpose, tongue and groove connections are laid with hemp or coated with acrylic sealant.
- In cold regions, the walls are sheathed with lathing, between the bars of which insulation is laid - mineral or glass wool. On top of the windproof membrane, the insulation is protected by siding, block house and other materials.
- An alternative solution for cold climates is double walls, the space between which is filled with insulation (usually ecowool).
Comparison with alternatives
Let's compare our design with alternative solutions.
Our objects for comparison will be:
- Frame house - a rigid frame made of timber, sheathed with OSB with filling internal space walls with insulation.
- A house made of sip panels - products measuring 1.2x2.5 meters, consisting of two OSB boards with extruded polystyrene foam glued between them.
Environmental friendliness
Nowadays it is customary to evaluate any Construction Materials by the danger they potentially pose to health.
This cup will not pass us either: let’s evaluate the environmental friendliness of the structures.
- From this point of view, a tongue and groove board is simply an ideal material. Wooden walls provide effective ventilation and high vapor permeability; Moreover, the phytoncides released by wood help cure respiratory diseases.
- A frame house (more precisely, its internal lining - OSB) is theoretically capable of polluting the air with fumes from the phenol-formaldehyde resins used for gluing. In practice, however, OSB-3 used for this purpose complies with very stringent environmental standards.
- The same goes for sip panels. The quality of polystyrene foam can be ignored, since it does not come into contact with the indoor air.
Insulation
- The board itself does not provide any insulation sufficient for winter use. Even in Krasnodar region and Crimea minimum thickness wooden walls, providing the recommended current SNiP thermal resistance, is 400 mm; when using insulation, everything is determined solely by its thickness and thermal insulation qualities.
Let us remind you: tongue and groove connections without sealing will be blown out, thereby further deteriorating the thermal insulation.
- Insulation was initially included in the design of the frame structure. With a wall thickness typical for a garden house between the outer and internal cladding 100 mm provides thermal insulation, quite sufficient for a temperate climate zone with winter temperatures down to -20 - -25C.
- Finally, it’s not for nothing that buildings made of sip panels are called thermos houses: heat loss is reduced to a minimum. Suffice it to say that the real heat requirement of such structures is estimated at 25-30 watts per m2, which is approximately three to four times less than that recommended by Soviet building codes thermal power for city apartments.
Sip panels with a thickness of 150 - 200 mm are actively used in the construction of cottages in Yakutia.
Price
Let us clarify: the cost of a house kit in terms of square meter area largely depends on the configuration of the house.
A one-story structure, for example, is always more expensive than a two-story structure - the cost of beams and stairs affects it.
Construction (particularly foundation preparation) will increase the gap.
Construction Features
What material and design features should be taken into account when building with your own hands?
Foundation
Most organizations offering turnkey construction offer tongue-and-groove planks as a basic configuration for garden houses columnar foundation from concrete blocks 20x20x40.
Note!
Owners complain about doors and windows jamming in the spring.
This indicates insufficient rigidity of the house structure.
Squeezing out one or more supports during frost heaving of the soil deforms the walls.Hence the completely unambiguous instructions: under self-supporting walls made of tongue and groove boards, it is better to pour strip or even (in swampy areas) slab foundation. As an option, the house can be built on screw piles; in this case, they should be tied together with a rigid steel grillage made from a channel, corrugated pipe or I-beam. On the notorious swampy soils, slopes will not hurt, giving the structure additional rigidity.
Insulation
- The “double tongue” technology (insulation between two layers of boards) implies the absence of any protective films in the wall pie. The space between the boards is filled with ecowool; This ensures excellent vapor permeability and natural ventilation walls
However, in practice, owners similar designs They recommend at least using sealant for tongue and groove joints: contrary to the assurances of the sellers, the walls are still blown through in strong winds. - For external insulation, the insulation boards are sewn up windproof membrane. There is no vapor barrier between the wall and the insulation: its presence will only lead to moisture and subsequent rotting of the board.
Conclusion
So, how good is the design of the garden house we considered? In our opinion, it is noticeably inferior to its alternatives. However, we will leave it to the reader to draw their own conclusions. As always, the video in this article will bring it to your attention Additional materials. Good luck!