A homemade folding stepladder made from a profile pipe. How to weld a staircase from a profile pipe

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The construction of an interfloor staircase from pipes is a serious task, which is most often entrusted to professionals. After all, safety and convenience of design are most important. But if you decide to make a staircase to the second floor from profile pipe do it yourself, our drawings with calculations and photos will be useful to you.

Stairs from metal profile in the interior.

Advantages

Metal stairs, manufactured and installed independently in a private home, have some advantages over ready-made store-bought options made of wood and metal. At a minimum, they will be much cheaper in cost. Among other advantages:

durability, subject to proper calculation, manufacture and installation;
the ability to make a structure of any type and size;
harmonious combination of design with many interior styles;
speed of the manufacturing process;
the possibility of manufacturing and installation at any stage of building construction, including a staircase that can be built for a ready-made room;
the ability to produce a very compact, laconic design, which is especially important for small houses;
due to the exceptional strength of the profile, the staircase can be made with a simplified version of the frame, which reduces the duration of work and the size future design.

We remind you that it is recommended to independently manufacture and install an interfloor staircase only if you have certain knowledge, experience, and skills in working with tools.

Profile stairs.

It is also worth remembering the following nuances if you decide to make a metal staircase:

The metal structure turns out to be quite impressive in weight, so during further finishing and design it is advisable not to make it additionally heavier. For example, use wood instead of concrete for steps, and make the railings not from metal, but from lightweight polymer materials.
Even if it's interfloor structure in the house, it still needs to be treated with anti-corrosion compounds. This will extend the life of the product.
The metal elements of the stairs need to be welded. Some craftsmen recommend using bolts for fastening, but this method is very unreliable. It is better not to use it at all when making a structure from a profile.

Kinds

Metallic profile - universal material, from which you can build any type of staircase.

Marching structures consist of one, two or more spans connected by turning platforms or sections with winder steps. The choice of the number of flights depends on the area that can be allocated for the stairs, as well as other features. It should be taken into account that single-flight elements provide more opportunities for using the space under the stairs. At the same time, double-flight structures are more compact.

In terms of safety and convenience, the transition platform between spans is preferable to winder steps - due to different widths at the edge and turning center the risk of tripping and getting injured is much higher. Although the winder steps have a more original look.

Marching metal staircase.

Frame

You should also consider what types of frames there may be for a staircase structure made from a profile. After all, the same profile pipe can be source material for frames that are completely different in structure.

The frame on the central stringer turns out to be the most budget-friendly and economical in terms of using the profile. A single stringer design can be of two types:

Staircase with a central straight stringer.

Another version of the frame is also common - on two stringers. Obviously, it is more reliable, as it can withstand loads almost twice as high. The design of two stringers can also be straight or broken. In the first case, the structure resembles a bowstring, and for the steps an additional frame is created from a thinner profile and welded to the stringers. The broken structure consists of two stringers, cut and welded to the shape of the steps, sometimes supplemented with jumpers.

The frame on two stringers is straight and broken.

Profile selection

At the preparation and planning stage, it is necessary to decide on the choice of profile. To do this, you need to do some calculations.

Important! It is necessary to optimally select a profile according to the wall thickness for a specific staircase design. If the walls are too thick, the product will turn out to be excessively heavy, which will put pressure on the foundation. With very thin walls, the structure can quickly deform under loads.

The optimal section thickness is 5-7 mm. As for the width of the profile section, there is no clear answer. Pipes must be selected based on the design features.

for a frame with a single broken-type stringer in the center, you can choose a 6*8 cm profile;
for a frame with a single straight stringer, choose a profile with a section of 5*10 cm;
if the frame consists of two straight stringers, you can choose between profiles 6*8 cm and 5*10 cm. To make a frame for the step, a profile with a section of 2.5*2.5 cm is used separately.

In the table below you can see which profile parameters are most optimal for various loads on the span, taking into account its length:

Load per span depending on the length and parameters of the profile.

Initially, you need to decide on the dimensions of the staircase and its appearance, make calculations, draw or select a drawing. And only after that you can choose a profile.

Stair Options

What to consider when making a structure:

Number of spans.
Slope angle. Please note that this indicator must remain the same for all spans, regardless of their number.
The height of each span.
Step parameters: number, width, height. As with the angle of rise, the width and length of the steps should be the same throughout the entire length of the structure.
For two or more spans - type of connection (platform or winder steps).
Dimensions of the opening for the stairs.

All measurements must be carried out individually, because in each specific room they will be different. This is influenced by the height of the ceilings, the size of the area that can be allocated for the stairs, and other factors. You also need to take into account the average length of a human step, otherwise using the stairs will be uncomfortable.

Note. The opening under the stairs should begin at the point where the distance from the ceiling to the tread is 2 m. If this figure is less, there will be a high risk of hitting your head when climbing.

Another important aspect for calculation - parameters of the steps. In the photo below you can see treads with ideal dimensions - these proportions are also called the “formula of convenience and safety.”

Optimal parameters of steps.

Please note that in in this example a human step up to 64 cm in length is taken. Also keep in mind that the parameters of the steps directly depend on the steepness of the climb - the greater the angle of flight, the higher and narrower the treads will be.

Tip: the wider the step, the more comfortable it is to walk. To increase this parameter, you can make a protrusion at each step above the bottom by 5 cm, no more.

After taking all measurements and making calculations, it is necessary to sketch out a diagram of the staircase on paper by hand, with the obligatory marking of all dimensions of the structure.

The photo below shows a drawing and calculation of a staircase from a profile pipe to the second floor, which you can use to make the structure yourself:

Diagram of a staircase with a landing and two flights.

Staircase with three flights.

Staircase with two flights and winder steps.

Compact staircase on a stringer.

Step by step guide

So, now we can get down to business. Necessary materials:

profile pipe 6*8 cm;
profile pipe 2.5*2.5 cm (can be replaced with 3*3 cm);
fasteners for steps;
3 cm thick board for treads (you can use pine, but oak, beech, ash or maple is preferable).

Required tools:

welding machine;
grinder and wheels for cutting and grinding;
electric drill;
screwdriver and various drills for metal and wood;
jigsaw;
clamps.

It is advisable to work on a spacious, level area for correct production parts when cutting and welding.

Step by step manufacturing instructions:

To maintain perfectly precise design parameters, the working platform can be pre-marked - draw squares or rectangles on which the staircase elements will be laid out.
The entire profile pipe must be marked according to the drawing, then cut into constituent elements at an angle of 45 degrees. Markings can be applied with a pencil and ruler. You can use special templates to indicate the angle. It is important to first fix the profile well so that it does not move during the cutting process. The cut should be as smooth and neat as possible.
They need to be combined together to form a 90 degree angle. If there is a gap, one of the parts can be slightly adjusted.
The ends of the parts need to be sanded with a grinder.
When all the parts are cut out, they need to be laid out on the table according to the markings and secured with clamps. But this is only a preliminary fixation - the final fixation can be carried out only after checking all elements for perpendicularity.
Next, you need to make a small fixation of the elements using tacks - welding points. When one side is ready, the structure must be carefully turned over and tacked along the other side in the same way.
After this, the entire structure can be finally connected by welding.
Next, gently check the evenness of the element again. If everything is good, you can make the final fastening with a continuous weld. You need to move from the edges to the middle. When fastening one element, the structure must be turned over and this element must be immediately connected on the other side so that there is no deformation.
Next, the resulting frame needs to be cleaned and processed with a grinder. The result should be a smooth, even surface.
When the two parts of the frame are ready (if you are making a staircase with a double stringer), they need to be attached to each other and checked for identity. The two elements must match exactly.
Next, the stringers need to be degreased and coated with paint for metal surfaces.

Manufacturing process.

Thanks to geometric shape profile during the manufacture of the stairs there will be practically no waste left.

The frame can be attached in different ways. Most often, stringers are fixed to the floor and interfloor ceilings. If the structure must stand against the wall, then anchors and dowels are used. But such fastening is only possible for strong, reliable walls, and not interior walls with light lining.

To give rigidity to the steps, as well as to fasten the stringers together, after installing them, jumpers from a 2.5 * 2.5 cm profile are welded. After the frame is completed, the steps can be attached. To do this, holes are drilled on the top edge of the frame and in the treads. After this, they move on to the final part - installing fences.

Finishing the stairs.

You can decorate a cat staircase in different ways. Eg, metal part the frame can be painted, choosing a neutral color or a color that contrasts with the entire interior. Also, the metal part can be completely closed by covering everything with plasterboard.

We hope our photos with drawings and calculations helped you figure out how to make a staircase from a profile pipe to the second floor with your own hands. Let us remind you that this event requires skills, a workplace and tools, so for beginners the task can be quite difficult.

In this video you can see the process of making a staircase from a profile:

Greetings to all readers of my publications. I want to tell you, dear readers, about stairs, their types, characteristics, how to make a stepladder from a profile pipe with your own hands, what is needed for this. I will present you with the drawings and explain how to make it.

Marching

This is a staircase that contains one or more parts called flights. It can be straight or rotary. A straight march is a step that is wider than the main ones. The turning one is wider on one side and narrower on the other, which forms the turn of the staircase.

Screw

The steps in a spiral staircase are arranged in an ascending direction around an axis - a pipe or column. In rare cases, the ends of the steps form an empty cylindrical space, from which the staircase is protected by railings. The rest have railings only on the side opposite the axis. The helical design occupies a minimal footprint, providing greater lift steepness.

Ladder

These are portable ladders, usually collapsible, designed for temporary use at a specific location. Stepladders are used very widely; they are easy to make with your own hands.

Advantages and disadvantages of structures made from rolled profiles

A stepladder made with your own hands from a profile pipe has the following advantages:

mobility;
simplicity;
compactness, especially if folding;
the optimal combination of metal strength and light weight.

But it is not without some disadvantages:

tendency to fall;
narrow support area.

It's not hard to find videos about stepladders.

Buy or make it yourself

For me, for example, making it with my own hands is preferable to buying it. Because when making it, I adapt it to my needs. Someone will say that it’s easier to buy and not waste time transferring nerves, money, etc. And everyone is right in their own way. Nevertheless, the article was written for those who are interested in making a stepladder with their own hands.

For some, homemade is even better than purchased: the device makes the difference specific tasks, it is not always possible to find the ideal. A universal one will be expensive, but you can make it with your own hands to any height, with any size of steps.

Another argument in favor of making it yourself is that there are very few ladders made from profile pipes on sale. Usually they try to make light and compact stairs. But they are less durable and stable. A stepladder made from a profile pipe is stronger, although less transportable.

What type of professional pipe to choose for the stairs and how many of them will be needed

For the stepladder, which I suggest you make with your own hands, you will need 8 m of profile pipe 60 × 40 mm, 4 of 2 m, 4.9 m of rolled profile 40 × 40 mm. It is better to use the one proposed as support posts, but 80 × 40 mm or 80 × 60 are also possible. You will also need a chain 1.4 m long, 2 pieces of 70 cm each.

Application square profile for racks it is undesirable, but for steps - vice versa. Although the option of using profile pipes measuring 40 × 30 or even 40 × 20 for steps cannot be excluded. The latter option is suitable if the user’s weight is no more than 120 kg.

How to make a stepladder with your own hands: step-by-step instructions

First, prepare the supports. To manufacture an L-shaped structure, 2 profile pipes, each 2 meters long, are required. The staircase consists of 2 such structures. The support pipes are marked with a marker, the color of which is clearly visible on the rolled metal. All distances are indicated in the drawing.

Step 1. Plates the length of two wide sides of the pipe are welded to one edge of the pipe, in our case 120 mm. They are welded at an angle so that the cut is straight if the connected supports are laid out. This is shown in the photo below.

A hole Ø 10 mm is drilled in the second pipe and plates. A pin is inserted into it to form a hinge joint, and the edges are riveted. Or they use special hinges; they just need to be welded to the ends of the sections so that the folded profile pipes are pressed and parallel to each other. The second design is identical to the first.

Step 2. After making the L-shaped structures, weld the chain so that it is tensioned if the angle at the hinges is 45˚. The material for the steps is preliminarily prepared, sections of 350 mm profile pipes are cut - 14 pcs. Next, these structures are installed in parallel at a distance of 35 cm. Here you may need the help of a friend to hold it with your own hands while one of the upper steps is welded.

Before attaching the remaining steps, you need to check all the distances again and check the marks. The steps of the stepladder must be mounted so that their sides are parallel to the ground.

Required tools and materials

To make a stepladder yourself, you need a welding machine, a drill and a grinder. I described the pipes that are preferable to use above. For the hinge mechanism, you can use 4 plates with dimensions of 160 × 80 mm and a thickness of at least 3.5 mm. Chain with ring wire thickness from 2.8 mm to 5 mm.

Drawings and diagrams

The diagram of a simple stepladder is shown in the figure.

Its advantage is the ability for two people to climb the steps at the same time. On the farm, this type of stepladder is simply irreplaceable, for example when harvesting fruit trees. This is convenient for joint repairs or when an installer and an assistant work. When the master is busy with work, the assistant can serve the tool and hold objects. This is not possible with other types of stepladders.

Work progress

When carrying out welding work, safety precautions must be observed. Use a chameleon type mask and protect your hands with gloves. The lighting must be good.

This installation sequence, which I described above, will allow you to assemble a level stepladder with your own hands without any complex calculations and measurements.

First, the top step is welded to support structures stood straight. The surface of the steps should always be parallel to the ground. Next is the bottom rung of the opposite ladder. If at the same time one of the chains is slightly weakened, and when it is tensioned, a crook is formed, then at this stage it is best to digest the place where the chain is attached.

To evenly trim the edges of the stepladder legs, you need to turn it on its side while unfolded. The cutting line can be marked by holding a long ruler to the sides of the posts. In extreme cases, you can tighten the cord. It’s even better if you purchase special plastic legs to match the existing profile at a building materials store.

Conclusion

So it turned out to be simple and very comfortable staircase. Many people who understand the simple design of a profile pipe and will be able to assemble it with their own hands. I wish you all success! Subscribe to updates, share on in social networks. And I say goodbye to you until the next publications.

A staircase connecting two floors of a building and made of a profile pipe is a fairly popular design today. Like all buildings of this type, it is subject to strict requirements for both manufacturing and installation. First of all, it must be safe for moving people of different heights, weights and ages. Let's consider what an interfloor staircase made of a profile pipe is, what aspects you need to pay attention to when making this structure.

Stairs made of profile pipes

Profile steel pipe– metal material with high load-bearing capacity. Therefore, a ladder made from it is durable and reliable construction, meeting all safety requirements. There are other advantages:

full combination with other materials;
opportunity to conduct different type finishing;
Can be used for indoor and outdoor installation;
installation is carried out at any stage of house construction, even with completed finishing of the premises;
simplicity of the assembly process.

Many people ask whether a DIY staircase made from a profile pipe will be reliable. The quality of assembly of a staircase structure depends on the experience of the work manufacturer, on his skills in working with different instruments, where the grinder and welding machine are the main ones. If there are no skills, it is better to place the responsibility of production on the shoulders of the master.

Dimensions of stairs

Dimensional parameters are the basis of manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what the limitations and requirements for the stairs themselves are.

The staircase made from a profile pipe is based on steps. It is their dimensions that are taken as the basis for the manufacture of the staircase structure. Required parameters:

tread depth: 20-32 cm,
tread width: 90-125 cm,
step height: 14-18 cm.

Dimensional parameters of stair steps

Regardless of the length and angle of inclination of the device, these parameters are strictly adhered to.

Types of stairs

There is a fairly wide variety of stairs made from profile pipes, which differ in their approach to clean structural forms and assembly elements. Here are a few varieties.

One of the frequently used options, which has proven its high load-bearing capacity.

Staircase on straight stringers

The model consists of two straight lines made from a profile pipe. Stepped tread elements made of the same material are installed and fastened on them.

Marching model with one central stringer

This model is one of the most difficult in terms of fitting elements to each other. This requires experience in this type of work. Often, metal stairs with one central profile pipe are used in small rooms. Where you need to save more free space.

With a central broken stringer

A subtype of the previous model, only it uses a broken line rather than a straight line. Interesting option in terms of unusual design and the ability to play on the size of the room.

Let us add that 90° or 180° rotary staircases (with winder steps, intermediate platforms), and screw models are assembled from profile pipes.

How to properly design a staircase

The parameters of the steps are known; now they need to be placed in the staircase structure. Therefore, make a small sketch on a piece of paper and draw necessary calculations regarding the number of steps. Need to measure the height interfloor ceilings and the angle of inclination of the device.

WITH latest problems no, because there are standards that are taken as a basis - 25-45°. The height of the stairs is the distance between the already laid floor covering first floor and second.

Dimensions of the staircase structure

Calculation of the number of steps

Look at the photo above, which shows the size of the march length. It is determined by calculating the height of the stairs and the angle of inclination. Both indicators are known. You can calculate the length of the march using the formula indicated in the photo below.

Ratio of triangle sides to angle

For our situation, we need to determine the value of AC. From the lower formula, taking into account mathematical relationships, it is deduced that AC = BC / tan A. Tangent of the angle - table value.

The length of the march is derived by mathematical calculations. Now you need to calculate how many steps will fit on this segment. For example, if the length of the flight is 3 m, and the depth of the steps is 30 cm, then a profile staircase assembled according to these parameters will accommodate 10 steps.

Regarding the height of the steps. It is necessary to divide the height of the stairs by the number of steps. For example, the height of the structure is 2.5 m, we divide this indicator by 10, we get 25 cm.

Manufacturing technology

A staircase made from a profile pipe is a responsible structure. To carry out the work you will need the following tools:

welding machine,
grinder with cutting and grinding wheel,
locksmith's square,
tape measure, ruler, pencil.

Let's look at how to properly assemble a device based on broken . To do this, it is necessary to make blanks of material that define the parts of the stringer structures. There are two of them: to suit the size of the step and the riser. The parameters are derived mathematically from the calculation of the height and angle of inclination of the stairs.

Regarding the pipe profile. It is better to choose a section of 80x40 or 80x80 mm with a wall thickness of 3 mm. Let’s make a reservation right away, dock pipe elements It is better to have an angle of 45° between each other. A right angle joint is not maximally load-bearing. But this is not a strict requirement because small sizes interfloor stairs Made of metal, they can easily support the weight of 1-2 people.

Chopped parts of the stringer

The required number of elements are cut from a profile pipe of the selected size using a grinder. Supports for steps and risers are cut separately. Their number is multiplied by “2” at the rate of two broken lines.

Joining two elements

Waste material can be welded special device– a 90° conductor, with the help of which two elements are joined. This is where they begin welding work– tack of two pipes.

Two elements welded together

Ready stringer

The next stage is connecting the workpieces into ready product– . It is carried out using identical technology for joining and welding individual pipes.

Rules for assembling the second stringer

Fastening the ladder at the installation site

There are many options for attaching a staircase structure (frame) to the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second floor. It’s easier with the floor on the first floor. A simple option is to drive into metal pins, to which they are welded. Can be placed in concrete screed embedded part in the form metal sheet rectangular shape, the ladder is welded to it.

Regarding the floor slab of the second floor, there are also several simple options. One of them is shown in the photo below. It clearly shows that the upper last step lies on top of the floor of the second floor, and is attached to the end of the slab with metal anchors. To do this, a rectangular metal plate is welded at its end.

Fastening a metal stringer from a profile pipe to the ceiling

Railings made of profile pipe

The pipe profile is often used to make railings. It is reliable, durable and beautiful. The height of the elements is a standardized parameter:

staircase height up to 6 m – railing height 90 cm;
staircase height more than 6 m – railing height 110 cm.

There is a huge variety of forms of railings for stairs where it is used profile material. This will be clearly visible in the photo gallery below.

Photo gallery

180° rotatable staircase on two broken stringers made of profile pipe

An economical option, original with wide steps and well-designed and installed railings

A structure with a 90° rotation on two stringer supports with an original fence made of profile pipe and square reinforcement

A complex staircase with several turns, winder steps, landings on one stringer made of a profile pipe

Staircase structure made of profile pipes: stringers and railings

Metal stairs are widespread not only in private use, but also in industrial and commercial facilities.

The use of a profile pipe in such cases makes it possible to lighten the design while maintaining strength indicators relative to similar products made from channel.

Types of frames made of profile pipes

Let's consider options on how to make a staircase from a profile pipe. The type of construction in all cases is . can be absolutely anything: straight, rotary or screw. It depends on your home design and interior design.

Possible frames made from profile pipes:

Advantages of stairs made of profile pipes

Any design, no matter what material it is made of, has its pros and cons.

Advantages of frames made of profile pipes:

reliability and long service life;
the ability to implement a design of any shape, provided you have a certain skill;
the possibility of combination with other materials, which makes it possible to fit such a frame into any interior;
due to its high resistance to mechanical stress, it is possible to install the ladder on initial stage construction without worrying about its appearance; upon completion of construction, repainting can be done if necessary;
such a staircase can be installed both indoors to access the second floor and outdoors.

The main disadvantage of any metal structure is possible corrosion, the effects of which can be minimized or eliminated by proper preparation and product processing.

What type of professional pipe to choose for stairs

Determination and selection of a profile pipe for a future design - important stage, which will determine how reliable the frame will be.

A square or rectangular pipe is used for the stairs.

Below we have given you the dimensions of pipes for various frames, which will be sufficient for standard loads on the structure.

Frame type	Minimum cross-section of pipes used and wall thickness, mm
Straight stringer: one central or double	100x50x4
Broken: single or double	80x60x3
Ladder	Guides 40x40x3, for steps 20x20x3
	guides – 80x40x3, steps – 50x25x2

Profile staircase installation

It is possible to make any frame with your own hands, it all depends on your skills.

If you are not confident in your abilities, of course, you should not refuse to implement a complex screw or rotary design. In this case, we advise you to contact professionals who will help you with the installation and welding of stairs from a profile pipe.

Required tools:

grinder with cutting discs for metal;
drill with drills;
welding machine;
screwdriver

Preparation of the drawing and calculation features

In order to clearly understand how to weld a staircase from a profile pipe, you need to prepare a drawing and make all the dimensional calculations.

At the design stage the following are determined:

for comfortable movement;
march;
design type: screw, straight, L-shaped, U-shaped.

Determining these parameters will help you visualize and understand what it will look like finished design in your interior. Depending on the type of staircase you choose, you can equip it according to your needs.

Frame preparation and welding work

When starting to install a staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands, you should already have all the drawings according to which you will carry out the work.

Let's consider a simplified version of welding a broken stringer.

The secret is that there is no need to cut the pipe into small pieces, but you can make a step at a time:

we measure the place where there should be a right angle, and cut out an isosceles triangle so as not to damage one side of the profile pipe;
bend the pipe and get a step with a right angle;
We boil the resulting joint and move on to the next one;
Having received a broken stringer, we weld a metal plate onto each tread, on which the steps will be installed in the future.

Metal products have been valued since ancient times, and blacksmiths who made forged products were treated with great respect. Everything has become much easier with more availability. building material. Ready-made profile pipes are purchased and, following the diagram, the required structure is welded. A staircase made from a profile pipe is no exception. It’s not difficult to do it yourself if you have experience working with a welding machine.

Advantages of stairs made of profile pipes

By manufacturing a metal staircase structure, you get a number of advantages. In terms of functionality, it is somewhat superior to wooden products or ready-made metal stairs.

The advantages of products made from profile pipes include the following:

cost savings and long service life of the ladder;
the ability to design and assemble a structure of almost any shape;
excellent compatibility with other construction and finishing materials;
little time spent on installation, but only if an experienced technician works;
the ability to perform work and assemble the structure at any stage of construction;
installation of stairs anywhere (both inside the building and outside the building);
can be cooked simplified version stairs, which visually occupies less space in room.

Some structures made of profile pipes, welded using the latest technologies, seem to float in the air.

Varieties

According to the masters, it is possible to construct a staircase of any shape from profile pipes. Their list includes: simple designs, and with the introduction of the most intricate forms. The work has its own peculiarities. Let's look at them in more detail.

Marching

Marching stairs are characterized by the construction of one or more spans. Products from several flights are assembled into one structure with a horizontal platform or equipped with winder-type steps. There is no need to talk about the demand for any type. They are equally popular among consumers. Basically, the choice depends on the size of the area allocated for the installation of the staircase structure.

If the staircase consists of one flight, then it will need a lot of space. In the event that there is a lack of space, you will have to design the product in such a way as to take up as much space as possible. less space. Many people try to increase the steepness of the stairs, which leads to inconvenience when moving along them.

A very steep staircase can only be arranged for access to utility rooms.

A staircase with one flight, taking up space in the room, allows you to rationally use the space below it. It is often arranged as cabinets, niches or a pantry. Also, such products are installed at the entrance to the house. They can be used as an attached type to go into the attic.

To save space, double-flight structures are installed. Most often they are installed in the corner of the room near the walls at right angles. Sometimes they make a 180 0 turn or arrange three marches. Stairs with a platform are more convenient to install.

You will have to tinker with the winder steps. But in defense of such structures, we can say that they look more attractive in design.

Rotary staircase made of profile pipes with winder steps

Screw

Of the compact options, note screw type stairs. Appearance it is original and aesthetic, and the product can be fit even in a space of 1.5x1.5 m. Such designs often have a central support pillar, to which the steps are attached. The latter on the edge can rest on a broken string or metal plates.

But, despite all the advantages, there are disadvantages of the screw design. Thus, the product does not allow lifting large pieces of furniture. It is not comfortable for residents to move around even empty-handed. A spiral staircase is installed only as a last resort, when there is no other way out.

There are difficulties in calculations and installation. It is almost impossible to make such a staircase with your own hands without some experience.

If, despite the disadvantages of screw products, there are adherents of this type of structure, experts advise bringing the project closer to the rotary type in several flights and widening the opening. In this case, using a spiral staircase will be much more convenient.

Semi-spiral staircase with winder steps

Step ladder

One of the options for constructing a ladder from a profile pipe is a stepladder. If the residents live in a private house, then a folding staircase is one of the necessary products in the household. A metal profile with a cross-section of 40×40 mm for the manufacture of racks and 20×20 mm for mounting the crossbars, as well as hinge mechanisms, bolts and screws, are purchased.

The hinges will make the structure foldable, and to prevent it from moving apart during use, it is provided with stoppers.

To install a stepladder with your own hands, you need to have tools and experience working with them. A drawing is drawn up in advance, allowing the work to be completed faster and more accurately. An example of such a scheme is shown in the photo below. A simpler option that can replace a stepladder is ladder from a profile pipe.

In the video: do-it-yourself stepladder made from corrugated steel pipe.

What do you need to know when calculating any staircase?

Calculations for staircases made from corrugated pipe are similar to structures made from other materials. The process is not complicated, but it requires drawing up a project. Be sure to indicate all the parameters of a staircase made of a profile pipe in the drawing, the location of the corners and the slightest changes in the shape of the product.

The main criteria that must be taken into account when drafting a product of any type:

length of stairs or flights;
march inclination angle;
span width;
riser height;
width of steps;
dimensions of the opening for the stairs.

Each type of staircase has its own installation features, which must be taken into account when making calculations and drawing up a diagram.

Calculation of the marching structure

Calculations for a flight of stairs begin with determining the height of the flight of stairs. This is not difficult to do. It is necessary to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling of the upper floor.

Ease of movement is ensured not only by the steepness of the product, but also by the width of the step and the height of the riser. Standards have been established for both parameters: the size of the step varies from 200 to 400 mm, and the riser - from 150 to 200 mm.

In practice, deviations often occur, but this complicates the movement on stairs made of metal profiles.

One more important point is to maintain proportionality between these quantities. It must be calculated using the formula: a+b=470 mm, where a is the height of the riser, b is the width of the tread.

After determining the parameters of the tread and riser, we begin to calculate the number of steps. To do this, the value of the span height is divided by the height of the riser. Then the projection of the staircase is determined. Calculated by multiplying the width of the step by the number of steps.

At home, the minimum span width is 800 mm. Taking into account all the standards, a single-flight staircase with a ceiling height of 2.5 m has a projection on the floor of 5 m. Therefore, if there is not enough space in the room, it is better to arrange rotating structures for several marches.

On next stage start calculating the length of the stringer. This is where the Pythagorean theorem comes to the rescue. The legs are the height of the span and its projection onto the floor. It is necessary to add the squares of these indicators, and then extract from the result Square root. The resulting figure will indicate the length of the stringer.

When calculating, most often the results are not integer numbers. Experts advise always rounding them up.

Calculation using the Pythagorean Theorem: L=√(D²+H²)

Another parameter that ensures comfort of movement along the stairs is its steepness. By all standards, interfloor arrangement for constant use it should have an inclination angle from 23 0 to 37 0. In practice, the maximum inclination angle can reach 40 0. A larger angle of inclination is only suitable for ladders.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

It is rare when a spiral staircase to the second floor from a profile pipe is arranged to support design solution. Often due to lack of space in the room. The costs of such a design in terms of time and finances significantly exceed those of the main route.

Calculation screw structures better done with online calculator since they have round shape. But, if you have the desire and experience, you can perform the calculation manually.

First, let's get acquainted with the names of the parameters that are used to calculate screw-type products:

“H” – vertical height of the product, determined by the height of the ceiling plus the thickness of the ceiling;
“H1” – distance between turns. It implies the height between steps located strictly above each other;
“h” – riser height;
“h1” – step depth;
“R” – the value of the outer radius of the product, the installation line of the railings;
“R1” – internal radius excluding railings;
“r” is the radius of the central support.

When performing calculations, be sure to rely on established standards for screw construction, presented below:

In places where the working radius line passes, where a person usually places his feet, the tread depth should be 200-400 mm.

The depth of the step at the support (at a distance of 10-15 cm from it) must be at least 100 mm. The height of the riser varies from 120 to 220 mm.

The minimum opening width for screw structures is 100 cm, in the absence of railings - up to 150 cm.

Any calculations begin with measurements. It is necessary to correctly determine the outer radius parameter, the height of the structure and the location of the entry and exit points, the so-called twist angle. Then they begin the calculations.

An example of calculation is given with “R” = 1 m, “H” = 3 m, with a twist angle of 360 0. With these values, the length of the working march is determined using the formula 2*P*R1. Usually it is 2/3 of the external parameter value. According to the data presented, it will be 2/3*2*3.14*1000=4190 mm=4.19 m.

At the next stage, the number of steps is calculated using the basic formula n=L/h1. We determine the values “h1” = 250 mm and get 4190/250 = 16.79. You need to round up, in the end we get 17. Taking into account the fact that the last step corresponds to the floor level of the second floor, we get 16 individual elements.

The smallest step width at the base is 100 mm. Let's calculate the value at the widest point. To do this, first determine the length of the outer march using the 2PR formula. Having done the calculations, we get 6280 mm = 6.28 m. Dividing the obtained value by the number of steps, we get 6280/17 = 369 mm.

Calculation of the height of the riser is carried out according to the same principle as for the marching structure. The height of 3 m is divided by the number of steps, resulting in 176 mm. Size optimization is carried out according to the formula 2h + h¹ equals from 600 to 650 mm. After making the correction, we get a result of 190 mm.

Assembly of structures

Having coped with the most difficult task, the calculations, they begin to mark the profile and create a frame according to the drawings. This process is simple, so they proceed directly to welding the pipe elements. Some people prefer to connect with fasteners, but this is much more difficult and takes quite a lot of time. Next, we will look in detail at how to weld a staircase from a profile pipe.

Assembling the march flight

Installation of a homemade marching structure depends on its type:

fastening on one reinforced professional pipe;
welding of elements and formation of broken stringers.

On one profile pipe

For the first option, you need to purchase a corrugated pipe with a cross-section of 150×150 mm. It will provide reliable strength. It is necessary to provide supports for treads. They are 3-4 mm metal sheets, the width of which should be ½ the tread value in the diagram.

There are several ways to cook stands for steps on a pipe:

1. In the places where the steps are attached, pre-prepared sheets are welded at a certain pitch to serve as a support for the steps. But on one welding seam the elements will not withstand the load. They should be supported. Its role can be played by pieces of reinforcement from the same sheet or profile of a smaller section. But experts note that the aesthetics of such a staircase are not at a high level.

2. The design of the second option is much more attractive. To begin with, support parts are cut from the same pipe as the load-bearing part. One of the ends is cut off at an angle of inclination of the stairs. At this point the supports are welded to the base. The plates for the steps are welded on from the second end.

The load on the stairs is considerable, especially at the point where the main pipe touches the floor. The load needs to be distributed evenly. At the point where the support pipe touches the ceiling, you need to weld a metal plate with a thickness of 5 mm.

The dimensions of the plate should be slightly larger than those used for the supports under the steps.

On broken stringers

The next option for a staircase frame made from a profile pipe is a broken march, replacing beams in wooden products. Its advantages include low cost and light weight when compared with a product with one pipe. Pipes are purchased with a cross section of 40×60 mm. A little more is allowed, but not less.

Welding of the frame part is also carried out in two ways:

1. First, blanks are cut corresponding to the dimensions of the tread and riser, adding the thickness of the material. Then the elements are welded sequentially at right angles and a finished stringer is obtained. The disadvantages of this method include cumbersome welding work and the possibility of an uneven connection.

2. The second welding method is more aesthetic and is one of the easiest. It is necessary to cut out a piece in the form of an isosceles triangle in the pipe on one side with a grinder. One side of the material remains untouched. After this, the pipe is bent until it forms right angle, fix the joints.

Supports for steps are obtained by welding the upper corners of the stringers together with a pipe of a smaller cross-section.

Assembly of the screw structure

Homemade installation spiral staircase start by installing the support pipe strictly vertically. Its role should be played by a part with round and as thick as possible. This is justified by the enormous load on her. A thick and reliable platform is installed on the floor at the base of the support. During the construction work The crosspiece is welded and filled with concrete screed.

1. Parts are welded from a metal profile with a cross-section of 20×20 mm or 30×30 mm. The result should be a shape that follows the perimeter of future steps. In order not to have to worry about adjusting the size of each part, you can first make a pattern. Formed from wooden blocks required form and is attached to a sheet of plywood. All that remains is to insert metal pieces inside and weld them together.

2. For the second method, pipes with a cross section of 40×60 mm are purchased. For welding, elements equal to the working radius are cut. Parts with the same cross-section and slightly longer length are welded onto each end. smaller sizes tread in the shape of the letter “T”.

After preparing the supports, they are welded to the round base of the staircase at the locations of the steps according to the design. For greater reliability, the support under the steps is reinforced with a support attached to the base.

Finishing work

The frame of the homemade staircase is ready, and it’s time to get started external finishing. Most often wood is used for this. Wooden elements for steps, choose a thickness of at least 40 mm. To refine the side part of the product and for the risers, material with a smaller thickness is used.

To protect the profile pipe from corrosion, it is first cleaned of dust and dirt, and the welding areas are cleaned with a file. Degrease, prime and apply paint in 2-3 layers.

In the case where you plan to install the stairs yourself, then the option with profile pipes is optimal. The process is much simpler than with wooden structures, and the reliability is much higher. By following the recommendations presented in the contents of the article, the result will be a reliable, durable installed ladder from profile pipes.