Light jib cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 1 ton are indispensable when carrying out various electrical, installation and construction work. Thanks to their design, it is possible to install devices in various openings of a building or on ceilings, as well as to move them for convenient use. They are easy to assemble and install, and if necessary, they can be quickly disassembled into their component elements and moved to a suitable location.

The use of such structures is rational in the absence of the possibility of operating other types of hydraulic and hydraulic machines. There are many types of cranes with different designs. They are divided into stationary and mobile. The boom devices are equipped with one electric drive mechanism for moving the load. The crane operates by manual control.

Construction mini crane

You can independently create a variety of tools and devices that are so necessary for construction and other types of work. Despite the fact that a self-made mini-crane is characterized by a limited transferable load weight (no more than 250 kg), such a design will simplify the implementation of most construction work.

The main task is to select all the tools and parts necessary for creation and subsequent operation. The weight of the prefabricated device can reach up to 300 kg, depending on the materials used. At the same time, it has compact dimensions and the ability to move without preliminary disassembly using a car.

DIY crane: assembly

Using a worm-based gearbox, a cargo winch is formed. It can also provide the creation of a manual drive that simplifies the assembly of the boom winch. The basis for the screw extensions are construction supports. All the elements presented above form the basis of the design. In addition, drums for winches are needed. It is worth noting that they self-production not everyone can do it, since the process is complex and labor-intensive, as well as the need for specialized equipment and experience in carrying out such work.

The way out of the situation is rotors from an electric motor, which can be used as a basis and significantly simplify the task. Special attention should be given to the correspondence of the sizes of the elements used and the future device. To do this, additional measurements are taken using a ruler.

Additional items

To simplify movement, the platform is equipped with wheels. Elements from the conveyor cart may be useful. When creating the structure, you should not forget about this addition, since it is thanks to it that the simplest crane, assembled with your own hands, moves. To do this, you only need to remove the external support elements, which does not cause any particular difficulties and is done in a short time. It is important to observe safety precautions, in particular the boom must be installed on zero level to prevent loss of balance and fall of the crane.

Peculiarities

The optimal boom height is 5 meters. For its manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of about 8 cm is used. A profile of two corners is mounted into the base. You also need to create a rotating mechanism to rotate and lift the boom, this will be suitable for car hub from any cargo vehicle. There is no need for special materials for the counterweight, since you can use standard bricks for them. You can create a crane with your own hands using both caterpillar tracks and a frame. The last element can be taken from an unused machine.

It is worth noting that there is no need for a brake for the turning mechanism and winch, since it is not needed during the operation of the crane, and the finished device will operate at low speed.

Advantages of the design

A rectangular pipe is suitable for forming an external support structure and a common base. For the latter, according to experts, it will be optimal use channel by 200. The length of the thrust screws should be within 50 cm, due to which a do-it-yourself crane can be mounted on any surface, including those with a lot of unevenness. Thus, there is no need to prepare the site on which the building is being built.

Difficulties sometimes arise with wheels, since loose soil they may not scroll well and burrow into it. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out work on hard ground. After completion of construction, the structure is disassembled into its component elements for storage.

What can be done for the garage

When repairing a car yourself, there is often a need to remove the engine, so many car owners are wondering how to make a crane with their own hands. The most simple option is a lift, the creation of which requires a hand winch, racks on triangular supports with wheels and a transverse pipe.

At the top of the racks, fasteners for the pipe are fixed by welding. A hand winch is welded to the vertical post, and the rollers are mounted on the beam; they are subsequently used to move the cable. In this case, it is not necessary to purchase a winch, since you can make this design yourself.

Such a device will not clutter up the space, it can be disassembled, and the cross beam and supports separately will not take up much space. The crane, created with your own hands for a garage, is capable of lifting and moving a load weighing no more than 800 kg. Its main advantage is that there is no need to purchase expensive materials.

As noted earlier, you can make a winch yourself. To do this, you will need a drum equipped with a cable; it must be fixed to a structure made of pipes with a square cross-section. A small sprocket with a chain drive is installed on the electric drive, and a large one is installed on the edge of the drum. To create a manual winch, a shaft equipped with a drum is supplemented with a handle.

To replace and repair most parts in a car, a platform or pit is required; if they are not available, you can use a lift. Despite the existing risks when working with such a device, its creation is justified by economic benefits and practical benefits.

An overhead trolley crane, assembled with a winch yourself, is the simplest version of a car lift, with the car being installed on platforms after being raised to the desired height. There is also a scissor design, which is characterized by the absence of the possibility of cable breakage, which the previous option cannot guarantee.

Scissor crane

The base and platform of the scissor lift are made of channels. A two-piece distributor, pump, bushings, hydraulic cylinder and I-beams are required for the shear.

A self-made UAZ crane is capable of lifting loads weighing more than 500 kg. It can also be removed upon completion of work. The main purpose of the device is to fix retractable supports. The base of the structure is made of a thick-walled square, secured to the frame with several bolts. The retractable pores stay on the bumper and raise the rear of the car.

Crane “Pioneer9rdquo;

The mechanism makes it possible to simplify the implementation of many repair and construction works, as well as to ensure the implementation of actions that cannot be performed without additional lifting devices. The design is suitable for cargo of various volumes and sizes, and it can be installed on the floors of houses under construction, in pits and on the roof.

Among the main constituent elements It is worth noting the rotating and support frames, electric winch, Remote Control. The device does not cause any difficulties in the process of use and the application of significant physical effort. Management is within the power of every person, even those without relevant experience.

Creation lifting structures Many owners of private houses and summer cottages are engaged in this activity. Their spread is due to the fact that each part of the mechanism, regardless of its complexity, can be performed in the desired manner and with the necessary functionality. In addition to moving heavy loads such as monolithic blocks, such cranes enable the delivery of light objects to great heights.

Unfortunately, the creation hydraulic devices, as a rule, is not possible. But, despite this, the crane (with your own hands), the photo of which is presented below, is easy to operate and has sufficient lifting capacity.

Assembly of the Pioneer crane9rdquo;

Many parts can be found, surprisingly, in a landfill. For a homemade mechanism, the main components are rectangular pipe and I-beam. It is important that the latter fits easily into the pipe. To create a telescopic unit for an I-beam, sliding guides are made. It is worth noting that they must be lubricated special compounds to reduce friction.

For the device to function, cables with a small diameter are also required. They can be purchased at a hardware store. A channel is often used to secure the rotating and supporting frames. It also ensures that the device can be firmly mounted on any surface. As a rule, it is the roof of a building under construction. In accordance with safety regulations, the manufacture of a rectangular platform as ballast is required, and it will reduce the likelihood of problems while the crane, assembled with your own hands, is in operation. An electric motor connected to a winch is used to start the lifting process.

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Strengthening homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are currently becoming increasingly popular. During construction and when working in a garage, you often have to move heavy loads. In construction, manual transportation takes considerable time, and it is not always possible to install ramps or scaffolding. In any case, it is much easier and more efficient to use lifts.

Crane diagram

The same applies to the automotive theme; a garage with a lift is much more convenient to use. The simplest lifts are an ordinary beam, rigidly fixed at one end, and a movable block is installed at the other end. A rope is thrown over the block, with the help of which the loads are tightened manually.

Such a homemade lift is quite simple to manufacture, but with practical point the view is very uncomfortable. Firstly, the load is still lifted manually, and secondly, dismantling and installing a beam from one place to another takes even more time than simply dragging weights. Similar mechanisms are used in log houses.

Construction of a log house

Materials and tools:

• pillar supports;
• wooden top beam;
• metal guide;
• wheel-pulley;
• bearings;
• chain hoist;
• spacers;
• pulley;
• welding machine.

If the question of how to make a lift for a log house yourself makes you think, then here is a fairly simple solution. An upper beam with a length slightly greater than the length of the future structure is installed on 2 vertically dug pillar supports. This gap makes it possible to drag logs directly from the stack to the installation site.

The wooden beam must be equipped with a metal guide on top along which the mechanism will move. Further, the technology is simple: a wheel-pulley on a bearing is connected to an L-shaped metal part, to the other end of which a manual chain hoist with a load capacity of at least 750 kg is attached. This minimum is explained by the fact that the weight of a thirty-centimeter-wide log house ranges from 270 to 400 kg, depending on the moisture content of the wood.

The pillars for such a structure must be at least 20 cm in diameter, and the beam, based on the load, is a beam of at least 15X20 cm in cross section.

The guide is a piece of reinforcement to which the tips of the nails are welded at equal distances, no more than half a meter. They will attach the guide to the wooden beam.

The beam is fixed a couple of tens of cm away from the pillars to avoid coupling between the transport device and the pillar.

To strengthen the structure, spacers are installed on the nailed beam. If the height of the pillars is 4-5 m, then for stability they must be dug into the ground 1 m and spacers must be installed on the side in which the beam shifts.

The pulley, preferably with sides, is put on the guide and the lift is ready for work.

Homemade crane

At individual construction you can’t do without a crane, which you can also make with your own hands if necessary.

A homemade crane will help install floors, foundations and all other structural elements, thanks to its ability to fall below the zero mark by 2.5 m and rise to a height of about 2 m.

Such a crane allows you to transport cargo over a distance of 3 m. For home construction, the proposed capabilities should be sufficient.

This design does not provide a turning mechanism, since the crane is not designed for loads exceeding 300 kg and can be easily turned manually along with the entire structure.

In order to make a crane with your own hands, you will need:

• 4 telescopic pipes with an outer diameter of 140 mm,
• three-meter I-beam,
• metal corners for supporting structures,
• hoist or hand winch.

Homemade crane

Telescopic pipes are welded in pairs to the ends of the beams, consisting of two adjacent corners 1.5 and 0.5 m long, thus obtaining 2 U-shaped structures, which for stability are welded to the base of the beam and reinforced with triangular spacers.

Additional support corners are welded to the smaller frame, which will serve as the rear support of the crane, to prevent the future lifting device from tipping over.

An I-beam is welded in the center of the bottom of the horizontal beams so that the smaller frame is on the edge of the I-beam, and the larger one is a little further than 1.5 m from the smaller one.

A winch is attached to the bottom of the I-beam, which will be a horizontal mobile device, while the telescopic system will help move loads in the vertical direction.

Lift in the garage

How to make a homemade lift in the garage? Car enthusiasts quite often resort to self-repair of the vehicle, and removing a car engine manually is not an easy task.

For such purposes it is simply necessary to have garage lift, even if made with your own hands. The collapsible crane beam system does not take up much space and is made from:

• cross pipe,
• square racks on triangular supports equipped with wheels,
• manual winch.

The pipe is inserted into fasteners welded to the top of the racks and secured with bolts. The winch is welded to the vertical post, and 2 rollers are welded to the beam, along which the cable from the winch moves. A winch for the garage is also easy to do with your own hands.

After use, the homemade crane beam is disassembled into 2 supports and a cross beam, which are placed in any corner of the garage. The advantage of such a beam crane is that its creation does not require special skills and materials; everything can be found at hand.

In addition, the beam crane will allow you to lift and transport loads of up to 800 kg within the garage.

Homemade winch for the garage. The design of the winch involves the presence of a drum with a cable, which is attached to a shaft to a frame made of square pipes. A large sprocket is attached to the outer edge of the drum, and a small sprocket is attached to the electric drive on a chain drive. If the winch is planned to be manual, then a handle is attached to the shaft on which the drum is mounted.

Car lift in the garage. To repair a car, a pit or overpass must be provided in the garage, but it is easier to organize a lift. Although this is a rather risky undertaking, equipping a lift in the garage with your own hands makes practical and economic sense.

The simplest car lift is the already described overhead crane with a winch, in this case, after lifting required height The car is placed on platforms. But there is a risk of the cable breaking, so there is another garage lift.

To make a scissor lift you will need:

• channels from which the platform and base are made,

and for making scissors the following are suitable:

• I-beams,
• hydraulic cylinder,
• bushings,
• pump,
• distributor into two sections.

The beams are fastened with bushings using the scissor principle, and a hydraulic cylinder with a handle helps raise the scissors to the desired height.

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Garage: homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are an indispensable tool for a garage where major car repairs are planned. With the help of such an auxiliary device, you can easily remove the car engine, lift the edge of the body, or even the entire car.

Easy-to-make homemade lifting mechanisms make work several times easier and faster not only in the garage, but also near the house. They are indispensable for construction and repair, moving construction waste, and unloading heavy loads.

Types of lifting mechanisms

Before you begin assembly garage crane with your own hands, you should choose which mechanism suits you best. Load lifting machines belong to a fairly important category of industrial and household equipment. They are designed to move various loads in a vertical or inclined direction. A useful feature for motorists is the ability to move a load suspended on a hook to the side, thereby freeing up space for work. When designing a car lift, it is advisable to supplement it with a similar option - this way you can expand the list of actions performed in the garage.

Acquisition already finished lift entails significant financial expenses, so many garage owners are interested in the question of how to make such a mechanism themselves. First you need to understand what types of devices exist, how they differ from each other, and what functions they have. Classification is made according to various criteria: principle of operation, purpose, type of drive. Let's look at the most common types of lifting machines:

1. Blocks - manual mechanisms, which use only the strength of human muscles to lift a load. The structure of the block is also known from school curriculum: It consists of a wheel with a recess around it, rotating around a fixed axis. A rope, rope or metal chain passes through the recess. The strength required to lift weights decreases as geometric progression along with an increase in the number of blocks in the system.
2. A jack is a simple lever device used to raise one side of a vehicle. Jacks can be either manual or hydraulic, pneumatic or electric.
3. A hoist is a manual or mechanized device consisting of a system of interconnected blocks. Depending on the number of individual wheels (pulleys), hoists are divided into two-, three-, four-pulley, etc. Maximum amount pulleys that use similar devices— 12. An industrial type of hoist, the pulley block is often used to move cargo on ships.

In addition to standard lifting devices, there are specialized installations:

1. The telfer is an improved hoist equipped with an electric drive. Thanks to this addition, the power and load-carrying capacity of the mechanism increases, and when the hoist is placed on a horizontal I-beam, it becomes possible to move loads along the room.
2. The crane is a simple device that works on the principle of a lever. A hook is attached to one end of the lever for hanging a load, and a counterweight is attached to the opposite end. The height of lifting loads largely depends on the position of the mechanism itself, since the length of the lever stroke remains small. Using a crane, you can not only lift weights, but also move them along a trajectory described by the radius of the lever. Often a crane successfully replaces a crane, but due to its large dimensions, its use in a garage is not practiced.

What characteristics should a garage lift have?

Since the device will be used in the rather cramped conditions of a standard garage, certain requirements are put forward for it. Firstly, it should not be too large - such a car lift, despite high power, takes up a lot of space, which is very undesirable for such small area. Secondly, it is recommended to give preference to mechanisms with a small vertical stroke, otherwise you risk running into the ceiling.

The second requirement is carrying capacity. It is calculated based on the types of work for which the car lift is being developed. The dimensions of the mechanism also depend on the purpose. If a regular jack is suitable for regular wheel replacement, then for larger-scale work you will need a car lift with a platform, although for such important actions it is recommended to resort to the help of professional equipment.

Materials and tools

When constructing a garage lift with your own hands, you need to have in your arsenal not only drawings of the future device, but also arm yourself with a set of tools and high-quality, load-resistant materials. First of all you will need:

• welding machine;
• grinder with cutting wheel for metal;
• bolts and nuts for fastening;
• steel pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm;
• steel angle or profiled pipe with a cross section of 35-40 mm;
• cable;
• homemade winch for the garage (you can purchase it, the factory-produced version will be more reliable).

As the planned homemade garage winch becomes a reality, the list of components for it may change slightly, depending on your specific requirements for the mechanism.

How to assemble a simple faucet

Before assembling the lift with your own hands, you should create detailed drawing indicating the dimensions of all parts and the method of attaching them to each other. At this stage, the type of mechanism is determined - it could be a beam crane for a garage, a regular winch suspended from the ceiling, a powerful jack with manual, electric or hydraulic control. Often, craftsmen even construct such complex devices as a two-post lift that can withstand the weight of a passenger car.

One of the simplest models, which includes a homemade winch for a garage, consists of a cantilever fixed boom mounted on a vertical stand made of steel pipe. A trolley with a winch is mounted on the boom. The vertical pipe is welded to the base. This could be a massive steel plate or the garage foundation itself. A homemade garage winch will be more reliable if you secure the upper end of the rack to ceiling premises.

The working part of the mechanism is a small winch. If it is homemade, the faucet will lose some reliability, so it is better to purchase a factory-made device.

Passes through the groove in the winch block steel rope, at the end of which a hook is installed. By rotating the winch handle, you will set the block with the cable in motion, lifting the load to a given height.

Conclusion on the topic

A garage with a lift is the dream of many motorists, because with such a device it turns into their own, comfortable and free car service.

Constructing a lift in the garage with your own hands is quite simple. All you have to do is stock up necessary materials, tools, and clearly define the list of tasks that the device will perform.

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Selecting lifting equipment for construction

The higher the walls of a house under construction grow, the more difficult it is to deliver building materials to the site. Renting a crane is expensive, so what can you do? Acquisition solves problems simple lifting mechanisms .

The arsenal of warehouses and large-scale racks includes everything: conveyors, escalators, gravity installations, loaders, cranes. In private construction, simpler devices are usually used: blocks, hoists, winches and jacks. Some means are capable of moving the load only vertically, while others, if necessary, will pull it upward, horizontally, and even diagonally.

Winning on the rise equals losing

The first assistant at a construction site is a block, a wheel with a rope running along a groove or groove of the rim. The device allows you to lift and lower the load with less effort. Fix the axis of the block higher, and pull the rope, lift bricks, mortar, etc. onto the platform, using your muscles and leaning with all your weight.

However, in this way it is already quite difficult to lift 100 kg. This is where a chain hoist comes to the rescue - a device consisting of several blocks.

Pulley hoist gives a gain in strength at the expense of a loss in distance. That is, when a heavy load needs to be lifted on a rope to the level of the second floor using a pulley, the same amount of force will be expended as when lifting half of this load, but to the level of the third floor. When it comes to large loads, about a hundredweight or more, a pulley block, also known as a power block, becomes indispensable.

Design of the chain hoist

The simplest chain hoist consists of two blocks connected by one rope. One end of it is fixed to the upper beam, then the rope goes through the groove of the lower movable block, then the upper fixed block. A fixed pulley attached to the beam allows you to conveniently pull the free end of the rope.

The lower movable block holds the load, like on a swing, on two ropes. Lifting requires half the effort of the weight being lifted. The effect is obtained by doubling the length of the rope that will have to be pulled.

A pulley, consisting of two movable and two fixed blocks, combined in pairs, already gives a quadruple gain in strength, etc. There are other ways to connect blocks. For example, the sequential connection of several movable blocks with one fixed one gives a more significant gain in strength. There is no need to make such lifting devices yourself; they are commercially available.

Choosing a hoist

Manual chain hoist. A small-sized lifting device allows you to lift loads weighing up to 5 tons using only muscle strength. When choosing, first of all, you should focus on the load capacity. By the way, there are hoists with a built-in power unit - a pulley block - and without it.

Of course, when choosing a hoist, you need to take into account the tasks at hand. In mechanical models, chain lengths range from 1.5 to 12 m, so the lifting height matters. Also, of course, the weight of the hoist itself is important, which determines not only the possibility of its installation on a beam, but also the ease of transportation. Lightweight lever hand hoists weigh up to 20 kg. And purchasing a carriage for a hoist gives you some flexibility. The carriage is suspended on an I-beam and moves the hoist along it along with the load in a horizontal plane.

Rock or pull

A manual hoist has modest dimensions and consists of a drum with a wound cable, a transmission mechanism and a drive.

According to the type of transmission mechanism, hoists are divided into worm and gear. It is worth noting that the worm mechanism gives a greater gain in strength, but due to friction of the parts it breaks more often. The gear mechanism has proven to be more reliable.

According to the type of drive mechanism, they are distinguished lever and chain hoists. In the case of a lever drive, lifting occurs due to the oscillatory movements of the drive lever, carried out manually. Chain hoist has two chains, traction and cargo. The device is suspended on a beam, the slings are attached to a hook, and the worker pulls the traction chain until the load is raised to the desired height. Feature modern designs is a new patented mechanism that allows the worker to be away from the load being lifted.

Electric traction

Nowadays, in lifting equipment, along with muscle strength Electric traction is also widely used; it saves physical effort for other work. The speed of transportation using electric lifting equipment is much higher than with manual labor, which leads to a significant reduction in construction time. However, with small volumes of work, the cost of lifting devices operating from the network is sometimes not adequate to the resulting gain. And there is not always electricity available at a construction site, at least in excess of capacity.

Winch power

The so-called “laying” (moving a load by dragging) gave its name to the device of the same name. But by hanging a modern winch, it can also be used to lift loads.

On sale you will find several options for hand winches - drum, lever, with a mounting and traction mechanism... Whatever the traction mechanism is at the heart of the hand winch, the selection criteria are always the same - load capacity and cable length. Sometimes winches are sold without a cable, then the characteristics indicate such a parameter as rope capacity. An important parameter is also the traction force, which shows the capabilities of the device for horizontal movement of loads. As a rule, the tractive effort is greater than the carrying capacity.

Manual drum winch

The simplest version of the winch design consists of a housing, two plain bearings, a drum with a cable and a drive handle. The gain in strength occurs due to the use of an unequal-armed lever, a gate. If a conventional lever lifts the load by the stroke of the arm, then the collar lifts the load by the available length of the cable. The force arm of such a winch is the distance from the axis to the handle, the load arm is the distance from the axis to the rope winding circle. One shoulder can be 2-3 times longer than the other, and accordingly this will be the gain in strength. Based on the type of transmission, drum winches are divided into gear and worm. A special feature of their use is the need to attach them to a solid base.

Manual lever winch

The lever winch also has a drum on which the cable is wound, although this drum is of a smaller diameter. But this is not the main difference. The drive for winding the cable onto the drum is carried out here by means of ratchet mechanism(or ratchet), that is, when making rocking movements with a lever handle.

These devices are compact, convenient for use in hard to reach places. Another “plus” is that rigid fixation of the body is not required. But there is also a “minus” of lever winches - in terms of cable length, they are significantly inferior to other models.

Winch with mounting and traction mechanism (MTM)

The MTM winch does not have a drum. The cable is passed through its entire body, and both ends come out. Inside there are special cams that move the cable and create the necessary force when swinging the lever handle.

This thing is interesting for its versatility. By hooking the winch body onto any stationary structure, with the help of such a device it is possible to move loads by dragging along a horizontal or inclined plane. To lift heavy loads, a winch with a MTM is attached to the beam. The device is also suitable for dismantling work (for example, demolition of structures) or even uprooting stumps. Disadvantage of MTM winches - increased sensitivity to abrasive wear, therefore contamination of the mechanism leads to its rapid failure.

Two words about the jack

In construction for lifting and lowering loads on small height Various types of jacks are used. Thus, mounting rack and pinion jacks can have several gear stages and are characterized by a large load capacity. In addition, thanks to the narrow grip or fang, they are able to lift directly from the surface of the earth.

Screw jacks have the least capacity to hold loads, but great height rise. One of the varieties screw jack- shrinkage compensator - used to regulate the correct shrinkage of a log house.

IN hydraulic jack The lifting of the load occurs due to the pressure of the liquid exerted on the piston. The pressure is generated by the pump, which requires less muscle effort and a smooth lifting speed.

Below are other entries on the topic “How to do it yourself - for a homeowner!”

Lifting loads without special equipment - how to calculate and make a chain hoist with your own hands

Lifting machines are designed to help a person lift something heavy to a height. Most lifting mechanisms are based on simple system blocks - chain hoist. It was known to Archimedes, but now many people do not know about this brilliant invention. Remembering your physics course, find out how such a mechanism works, its structure and scope. Having understood the classification, you can begin to calculate. For everything to work out, here are instructions for constructing a simple model.

The invention of the chain hoist gave a huge impetus to the development of civilizations. The block system helped build huge structures, many of which have survived to this day and puzzle modern builders. Shipbuilding also improved, and people were able to travel great distances. It's time to figure out what it is - a chain hoist and find out where it can be used today.

Simplicity and efficiency of the mechanism

A classic chain hoist is a mechanism that consists of two main elements:

The simplest diagram: 1 – movable block, 2 – fixed, 3 – rope

A pulley is a metal wheel that has a special groove for a cable along its outer edge. An ordinary cable or rope can be used as a flexible connection. If the load is heavy enough, use ropes made of synthetic fibers or steel ropes and even chains. To ensure that the pulley rotates easily, without jumping or jamming, roller bearings are used. All elements that move are lubricated.

One pulley is called a block. A pulley block is a system of blocks for lifting loads. The blocks in the lifting mechanism can be stationary (rigidly fixed) and movable (when the axis changes position during operation). One part of the pulley is attached to a fixed support, the other to the load. Movable rollers are located on the load side.

The role of the stationary block is to change the direction of movement of the rope and the action of the applied force. The role of the mobile is to gain strength.

The operating principle of a pulley block is similar to a lever: the force that needs to be applied becomes several times smaller, while the work is performed in the same volume. The role of the lever is played by the cable. In the operation of a chain hoist, the gain in strength is important, so the resulting loss in distance is not taken into account.

Depending on the design of the pulley, the gain in strength may vary. The simplest mechanism from two pulleys it gives approximately a twofold gain, from three - threefold, and so on. The increase in distance is calculated using the same principle. To operate a simple pulley, you need a cable twice as long as the lifting height, and if you use a set of four blocks, then the length of the cable increases in direct proportion to four times.

Operating principle of the block system

The chain hoist is a faithful assistant in the warehouse, in production, and in the transport sector. It is used wherever force needs to be used to move all kinds of loads. The system is widely used in construction.

Despite the fact that most of the heavy work is performed by construction equipment (cranes), the chain hoist has found a place in the design of load-handling mechanisms. The block system (pulley block) is a component of such lifting mechanisms as a winch, hoist, and construction equipment (various types of cranes, bulldozer, excavator).

In addition to the construction industry, pulleys are widely used in organizing rescue operations. The principle of operation remains the same, but the design is slightly modified. Rescue equipment is made of durable rope and carabiners are used. For devices of this purpose, it is important that the entire system is quickly assembled and does not require additional mechanisms.

Pulley hoist as part of a crane hook

There are many executions of one idea - a system of blocks connected by rope. They are differentiated depending on the method of application and design features. Get to know different types lifts, find out what their purpose is and how the device differs.

Depending on the complexity of the mechanism, there are

Example of even models

A simple chain hoist is a system of series-connected rollers. All movable and fixed blocks, as well as the load itself, are combined by one cable. Even and odd simple pulleys are differentiated.

Even lifting mechanisms are those whose end of the cable is attached to a fixed support - a station. All combinations in this case will be considered even. And if the end of the rope is attached directly to the load or the place where the force is applied, this structure and all its derivatives will be called odd.

Odd chain hoist diagram

A complex pulley system can be called a pulley system. In this case, not individual blocks are connected in series, but entire combinations that can be used on their own. Roughly speaking, in this case one mechanism sets in motion another similar one.

The complex chain hoist does not belong to one or the other type. His distinguishing feature– rollers moving towards the load. The complex model can include both simple and complex chain hoists.

Combining a two-fold and six-fold simple chain hoist gives a complex six-fold version

Depending on what they want to get when using a chain hoist, they are divided into:

A – power version, B – high-speed

The power option is used more often. As the name suggests, its task is to ensure a gain in strength. Since significant gains require equally significant losses in distance, losses in speed are also inevitable. For example, for a 4:1 system, when lifting a load one meter, you need to pull 4 meters of cable, which slows down the work.

The high-speed chain hoist, by its principle, is a reverse power design. It does not give a gain in strength, its goal is speed. Used to speed up work at the expense of the applied effort.

The main indicator that people pay attention to when organizing cargo lifting is the multiplicity of the pulley. This parameter conventionally indicates how many times the mechanism allows you to win in strength. In fact, the multiplicity shows how many branches of the rope the weight of the load is distributed over.

The multiplicity is divided into kinematic (equal to the number of kinks in the rope) and force, which is calculated taking into account the cable’s overcoming the friction force and the non-ideal efficiency of the rollers. The reference books contain tables that display the dependence of the power factor on the kinematic factor at different block efficiencies.

As can be seen from the table, the force multiplicity differs significantly from the kinematic one. With a low roller efficiency (94%), the actual gain in strength of a 7:1 pulley will be less than the gain of a six-fold pulley with a block efficiency of 96%.

Schemes of pulleys of different multiplicities

Despite the fact that theoretically the design of a pulley hoist is extremely simple, in practice it is not always clear how to lift a load using blocks. How to understand what multiplicity is needed, how to find out the efficiency of the lift and each block separately. In order to find answers to these questions, you need to perform calculations.

The calculation of the chain hoist must be performed due to the fact that the working conditions are far from ideal. The mechanism is subject to frictional forces as a result of the movement of the cable along the pulley, as a result of the rotation of the roller itself, no matter what bearings are used.

In addition, flexible and pliable rope is rarely used on a construction site or as part of construction equipment. Steel rope or the chain has much greater rigidity. Since bending such a cable when running against a block requires additional force, it must also be taken into account.

For the calculation, the moment equation for the pulley relative to the axis is derived:

SrunR = SrunR + q SrunR + Nfr (1)

Formula 1 shows the moments of such forces:

• Srun – force from the side of the escape rope;
• Srun – force from the oncoming rope;
• q Srun – force for bending/unbending the rope, taking into account its rigidity q;
• Nf is the friction force in the block, taking into account the friction coefficient f.

To determine the moment, all forces are multiplied by the arm - the radius of the block R or the radius of the sleeve r.

The force of the approaching and escaping cable arises as a result of the interaction and friction of the rope threads. Since the force for bending/extension of the cable is significantly less than the others, when calculating the effect on the block axis, this value is often neglected:

N = 2 Srun×sinα (2)

In this equation:

• N – impact on the pulley axis;
• Srun - force from the oncoming rope (taken to be approximately equal to Srun;
• α is the angle of deviation from the axis.

As is known, efficiency is the coefficient useful action, that is, how effective the work performed was. It is calculated as the ratio of work completed and work expended. In the case of a pulley block, the formula is applied:

ηb = Srun/ Srun = 1/(1 + q + 2fsinα×d/D) (3)

• 3 ηb – block efficiency;
• d and D – respectively, the diameter of the bushing and the pulley itself;
• q – rigidity coefficient of flexible connection (rope);
• f – friction coefficient;
• α is the angle of deviation from the axis.

From this formula it can be seen that the efficiency is affected by the structure of the block (through the f coefficient), its size (through the d/D ratio) and the rope material (q coefficient). The maximum efficiency value can be achieved using bronze bushings and rolling bearings (up to 98%). Sliding bearings will provide up to 96% efficiency.

The diagram shows all the forces S on different branches of the rope

The lifting mechanism consists of several blocks. The total efficiency of a pulley block is not equal to the arithmetic sum of all individual components. For the calculation, they use a much more complex formula, or rather, a system of equations, where all forces are expressed through the value of the primary S0 and the efficiency of the mechanism:

Efficiency of a chain hoist at different magnifications

Since the efficiency value is always less than 1, with each new block and equation in the system, the value of Sn will rapidly decrease. The total efficiency of the pulley will depend not only on ηb, but also on the number of these blocks - the multiplicity of the system. Using the table, you can find ηп for systems with different amounts blocks with different efficiency values ​​of each.

In construction, during installation work, it is not always possible to fit a crane. Then the question arises of how to lift the load with a rope. And here a simple chain hoist finds its application. For its production and full-fledged work you need to make calculations, drawings, choose the right rope and blocks.

Different schemes of simple and complex lifts

Before you start building a chain hoist with your own hands, you need to carefully study the drawings and choose a suitable scheme for yourself. You should rely on how it will be more convenient for you to place the structure, what blocks and cable are available.

It happens that the lifting capacity of the pulley blocks is not enough, and there is no time or opportunity to build a complex multiple lifting mechanism. Then double chain hoists are used, which are a combination of two single ones. This device can also lift the load so that it moves strictly vertically, without distortions.

Drawings of a dual model in different variations

The most important role in building a chain hoist with your own hands is played by the rope. It is important that it does not stretch. Such ropes are called static. Stretching and deformation of a flexible connection causes serious losses in work efficiency. For a homemade mechanism, a synthetic cable is suitable; the thickness depends on the weight of the load.

The material and quality of the blocks are indicators that will provide homemade lifting devices with the calculated load capacity. Depending on the bearings that are installed in the block, its efficiency changes and this is already taken into account in the calculations.

But how can you lift a load to a height with your own hands and not drop it? To protect the load from possible reverse movement, you can install a special locking block that allows the rope to move only in one direction - the desired direction.

Roller along which the rope moves

When the rope and blocks are ready, the diagram has been selected, and the calculations have been made, you can begin assembly. For a simple double pulley you will need:

• roller – 2 pcs.;
• bearings;
• bushing – 2 pcs.;
• clip for block – 2 pcs.;
• rope;
• hook for hanging cargo;
• slings - if they are needed for installation.

For fast connection use carbines

Step-by-step lifting of the load to a height is carried out as follows:

1. Connect the rollers, bushing and bearings. They combine all this into a clip. Get a block.
2. The rope is launched into the first block;
3. The clip with this block is rigidly attached to a fixed support ( reinforced concrete beam, pillar, wall, specially mounted outrigger, etc.);
4. The end of the rope is then passed through the second block (movable).
5. A hook is attached to the clip.
6. The free end of the rope is fixed.
7. They sling the lifted load and connect it to the chain hoist.

The homemade lifting mechanism is ready to use and will provide double the strength benefits. Now, to raise the load to a height, just pull the end of the rope. By bending around both rollers, the rope will lift the load without much effort.

If you attach an electric winch to the homemade mechanism that you build according to these instructions, you will get a real do-it-yourself crane. Now you don’t have to strain at all to lift the load; the winch will do everything for you.

Even a manual winch will make lifting the load more comfortable - you don’t need to rub your hands on the rope and worry about the rope slipping out of your hands. In any case, turning the winch handle is much easier.

Pulley hoist for winch

In principle, even outside the construction site, the ability to hiking conditions With a minimum of tools and materials, building a basic pulley for a winch is a very useful skill. It will be especially appreciated by motorists who are lucky enough to get their car stuck somewhere in an impassable place. Made on a quick fix the pulley will significantly increase the performance of the winch.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of pulley hoists in the development of modern construction and mechanical engineering. Everyone should understand the principle of operation and visually imagine its design. Now you are not afraid of situations when you need to lift a load, but there is no special equipment. A few pulleys, a rope and ingenuity will allow you to do this without using a crane.

What is an electrician's kit: devices and tools for electrical installation

It doesn’t matter whether you are building your dream home or renovating an old one country house, you cannot do without reliable tools and construction equipment. Almost any device today can be bought in a store, but purchases are not always pleasing with quality and even less often with prices. Our forum members know how to reduce the burden on the family budget and offer recipes for proven mechanisms and tools for construction, made with their own hands.

Truck...from the old four

Bring sand, crushed stone, boards, transport a concrete mixer and an old refrigerator... The need to deliver materials arises constantly during construction. Member FORUMHOUSE g8 o8 r8 found a way to save on freight transportation: he converted his old four into a truck!

Budget auto tuning cost the craftsman 3.5 thousand rubles - this was the cost of materials: an iron square, corners, galvanized steel for the loading body. Loading body g8 o8 r8 made it high to protect it from rainwater: to close the gaps between it and the car body, metal canopies were welded around the perimeter.

The rear side of the body is lifted with a 12-volt winch. This is convenient when unloading bulk materials and loading boards, stones, furniture, etc. into the body.

g8o8r8 FORUMHOUSE Member

At our metal collection point, they give five thousand rubles for any car. This inspired the idea of ​​using my decommissioned four-wheeler for household needs: bringing earth, peat, stones, sand to the dacha. And if you install a subframe, weld a blade, install chains, you’ll see that you’ll be able to throw snow in the winter.

Lift building materials

Another one useful homemade product, which will make life at a construction site much easier. For example, such as FORUMHOUSE member Ali-bastre.Starting to pour monolithic walls, a forum member was tired of manually lifting heavy buckets of concrete and made a simple but ingenious design.

The basis of the lift was metal staircase. To securely fix the ladder on the wall, in a 15x15 profiled steel pipe Ali-bastre drilled the holes and reverse side put a washer on the pipe, securing it with a cotter pin. The trolley on which building materials are placed moves up and down on bearings No. 304 using an electric winch. It is located almost parallel, at a slight angle to the stairs, due to which the movement occurs smoothly.

Ali-bastre FORUMHOUSE member

It’s not for nothing that they say: laziness is the engine of progress. My lift lifts six buckets of concrete easily!

Planer for aerated concrete

Unlike stationary cutting machines, this device can be freely moved around scaffolding and cut foam directly on site. At the same time, the sheet can be expanded not only in length, but also in thickness - for this, two profiles are additionally attached to the EPS with nails. According to a forum member, the cost of a mobile machine is 800-1000 rubles, and even with intensive use it will faithfully serve several construction seasons contract.

Other examples, including stationary ones, are in this topic.

Comfortable grinder

Have you noticed that holding a small grinder by the top handle is convenient, but a large one is not? The big one always tries to escape from your hands when biting into metal. Having such a sad experience, some are generally afraid to use a large grinder. So that the grinder always remains in your hands, forum member chichic designed for instrument homemade pen under natural grip.

Sometimes there is not enough money for a car, especially during a crisis, but you really want to have your own vehicle. Some craftsmen with golden hands get out of this situation quite simply: car enthusiasts build new ones from old cars. Just take a look at these projects:

Quad 4x4 "Scoop"

Apparently, the author of this VAZ 2109 ATV was not satisfied with how public utility workers remove snow. Taking all his hands, he built this unit. The engine is from a VAZ 21081, the axles are from a Moskvich 412, the lower suspension arms are figure-eight, the upper arms are homemade, the front rear shock absorbers are from a VAZ 2108, the rear rear shock absorbers are from ZAZ, the frame is made from profile pipes. Now look at how the Quad 4x4 “Scoop” copes with clearing snow.

Diggati

Meet Diggati with a 1.7-liter engine from a VAZ 2103. Its owner first wanted to build a buggy, and then a compact SUV. But due to a lack of money, we got this little car called Diggati.

Baby 4x4

“Baby”, this is what the author of this project calls his all-terrain vehicle. Volga with huge wheels on civilian bridges from UAZ, engine and gearbox from VAZ 2109, transfer case from Niva. Niva.

Bar stool with motor

It took exactly two months to build this vehicle. The motorized bar stool accelerates to 80 km/h. The device is equipped with hydraulic brakes from an ATV and some parts from a go-kart.

Triton-1

The Triton-1 all-terrain vehicle was built to make it possible to less carefully plan the route of a fishing trip in the part that concerns roads. The engine here is a 1.5-liter with a capacity of 68 hp. from VAZ 21083. The maximum speed of the 950-kilogram unit is 35 km/h.

Homemade product without a name

The project has not yet been completed, but already now it is arousing interest among many and attracting enough attention. There are practically no details about him. It is known that the ZAZ 968m was taken as the basis for the unnamed car.

Our craftsmen can assemble a vehicle from absolutely anything. Here, for example, is a super tricycle from a bathtub and an off-road car from a helicopter

To earn decent money, a professional car mechanic needs a garage, a set of tools and a lift. Making such a device with your own hands is much cheaper than buying industrial equipment.

Organizing your own business

Change social status Having a garage will help (agree to rent a room if you cannot organize a workshop on your own territory).

You must register as an entrepreneur. After receiving a patent or a certificate of entrepreneurial activity from a territorial government agency, you can seriously engage in business, purchase tools and metal products:

• channel;

• I-beams;

• corners;

• rods;

• profile (square) pipes;

• corrugated iron (for platform decking);

• semi-automatic welding;

• angle grinder;

• electrodes, cutting wheels, bolts and nuts of different sizes.

Helpful advice: before you start making a car lift with your own hands, visit service centers or retail establishments that sell specialized equipment for machine repair. Look with your own eyes and carefully study the design features of the mechanisms that engineers worked on in the factory.

Common lift design

There are several equipment options for lifting cars to a given height. It makes it easier for technicians to inspect, diagnose and repair faulty vehicles.

Common designs are made with two or four racks that raise the platform for cars, with a mechanical or hydraulic drive.

The simplest homemade lift can be made from an I-beam or bracket with a winch. But owners of expensive limousines and jeeps will run away at the sight of such equipment and never return.

You can also make a homemade lift, with which the car is tilted on its side (the brackets are screwed to two right or left wheel axles). Such equipment is used in in case of emergency when you urgently need to fix a problem under the bottom of the car, and all the regular places in the workshop are already occupied.

Putting an idea on paper

Draw a sketch of the future lift on a sheet of paper. Mark the garage floor at the planned location for equipment installation. Then take a tape measure and measure the distance from the walls to the studs, the height between the floor and the ceiling. Write down the received data in a notebook or on a sheet with a sketch.

Knowing the overall dimensions of the cars for which you plan to make a lift, you can already develop a drawing (previously made measurements will be the basis for scale calculations) yourself.

He will help you draw up an estimate that will indicate required amount rolled metal products (total length of channels, I-beams and angles) and others Supplies.

Now you can go to the trading base and buy everything you need at wholesale prices. Take rolled metal with a reserve. Each cut with a grinder turns three millimeters of durable steel into microscopic dust.

How to make a homemade lift

First of all, use a scriber to apply marking lines on the channels and corners in order to cut them into blanks from which the lift will be assembled with your own hands. Check the results of your work. Blanks must be made accurate to the millimeter in length.

Two- or four-post units lift vehicles using a worm gear or hydraulic cylinder. A mechanical drive is located inside each support. It consists of a shaft with a strip thread cut on its surface. Platforms for support bearings with a centering mechanism are electric welded to the lower ends of the racks. The “foot” for the platform is screwed onto the shaft. Once assembled, they are inserted into the internal cavity of the rack. The upper cover of the support with the bearing is screwed with bolts and nuts.

Approximately the same work needs to be done when assembling a hydraulic lift with your own hands.

Dumper for car

The simplest design for tipping a machine on its side. It will be useful in any garage as an auxiliary device for the rapid repair of vehicles.

To make such a lift with your own hands, you need to make:

two brackets that are attached to the front and rear axle of the wheel;

two support platforms(to hold the machine in an overturned position).

Connect the brackets to the platforms using hinges. Thus, two identical structures are made. For the turning mechanism, metal pins with bushings or bearings are used.

Supplies you will need:

metal square pipes 50x50 mm or a corner with a shelf of a similar size;

two pins and four bushings (these parts must be turned on a lathe);

small pieces of thick sheet metal (for making scarves).

All structural parts are welded together. The hinged brackets need to be connected to the platforms - and the tipper is ready for work.

If you are just starting your entrepreneurial activity, keep in mind that you do not need a lift to repair cars. An overpass or inspection hole is sufficient. It is more difficult to carry out restoration repairs in such conditions, but it is quite possible.

The main problem you may encounter is the difficulty of making a tape threaded shaft for the rack. This is a key part, without which it is impossible to assemble the lift. You cannot make such a screw at home with your own hands. Shafts are manufactured on industrial machines. It is quite possible that such equipment is simply not available in your locality.

If you have an irresistible desire to create a modern workshop, but there is no way to make a car lift yourself, you can purchase equipment on credit or on a leasing basis.

When building a house on their own, especially a two-story one (and almost no one is building lower now), an amateur developer or builders will definitely face the problem of lifting building materials to the second floor or even higher...

In the simplest case, the problem is solved by arranging scaffolding and walkways and manually transferring material. However, the arrangement of such walkways is very material-intensive - it is necessary to lay fairly flat ramps to a height of 3 meters, and provide reliable supports for them. And the load on the ramps has to be lifted exclusively by hand and on foot. Thus, lifting building materials diverts significant effort, money and time from the actual construction of the house.

Homemade lifting devices usually consist of a regular beam fixed to the second floor, with a block at one end. A rope is thrown over the block and with its help the load is lifted. This method is the simplest, but not the most effective. The weight of the load is small, since lifting is done exclusively by hand, bulky loads are inconvenient to lift. But the most important thing is that such a lift, despite its simplicity, is very motionless! Reinstalling the beam and securing it so that it does not tip over under the weight of the load is not easy.

It is also not always possible to make a homemade crane. They are good at carrying out earthworks. Then you don’t need a long boom or special counterweights. Making a homemade crane capable of lifting at least 100-200 kg to a height of 4-6 meters is a very difficult task. The labor costs for its construction will be enormous...

Meanwhile, there is a fairly simple design for a mobile and lightweight lift of loads up to 100-200 kg based on a ladder! And anyone can build such a lift. The main idea should be clear from the sketch. The design of the lift is based on a staircase with strictly parallel strings. This can be either a ready-made staircase made of aluminum or profiled steel, or a homemade one, or also metal or wood. But the main requirement is strict parallelism of the strings of the stairs and their strength. Because they serve as guide “rails” for the transport platform on which loads are lifted.

The idea is actually not new and has long been used in various designs and even attractions. A transport platform moves along guide rails, which has several wheels that cover the guide rail from different sides. They not only allow the platform to move along the rails, but also securely hold the platform on them. Let's take a closer look at this node.

IN classic version The platform can be mounted on 6 wheels (3 on each side). You can remove or put on such a trolley (without disassembling) only from the end of the stairs. She can only ride up or down along the string of stairs. This option for installing a loading platform is the most preferable and reliable. However, in construction conditions, when such a lift has to be frequently rearranged and reconfigured, an option without rigidly fixing the loading platform on the strings of the stairs may be more mobile. Judge for yourself: the ladder is always installed and at a fairly large inclination to the wall, the center of gravity of the loaded platform is in the projection of the supporting area of ​​the ladder. And the absence of “lower” wheels will allow you to quickly remove and put the platform in place, especially if you use a quick-release “carabiner” type connection with a lifting cable.

This design will not reduce the number of wheels; the lower “holding” wheel will simply move to the top. Moreover, over a fairly long distance, so that the cargo trolley does not tip back under heavy load. For the same reason, the staircase must have supporting “feet” at the bottom, facing away from the wall.

However, the ideal design would be a lift with quick-release locking wheels. Although the weight of an empty transport cart should be small (why waste any extra weight), therefore it is possible that the design will not need to be unnecessarily complicated.

The design of the cargo platform fastening should be clear from the sketch. The frame itself is welded, assembled with screws or rivets, made from corners and strips. As axes, it is most convenient to use threaded rods or pipe sections with studs welded into their ends (to make the structure lighter). And for wheels, the easiest way is to use ball bearings with an inner race of the diameter corresponding to the studs. Then the entire structure will turn out to be quite quickly disassembled and any element can be easily removed and replaced.

The loading platform rises upward using a cable, which is thrown over a block fixed at the top of the stairs on a separate crossbar or its regular one. The drive can be either manual force or a reversible electric motor. In the first case, the weight of the load being lifted will be a maximum of 40-60 kg (if you do not use various gates or pulleys). In the second, if there is a gearbox and a sufficiently powerful engine - several hundred kilograms. The gearbox on the engine must be a worm gearbox, since it has a self-braking effect and a significant deceleration coefficient (and an increase in the moment of force on the shaft). When using planetary (gear) gearboxes, special care should be taken with locking devices, in both directions, since heavy loads sometimes have to be not only lifted, but also lowered. This will significantly complicate the ascent and descent control scheme. A worm gear reduces these problems.

Safety limit switches should be installed in the upper and lower positions of the loading platform, stopping the electric motor when the platform reaches these positions. Otherwise, either the cable will break and the platform may fall down (which is very unsafe). Or the motor may burn out due to stalling due to excessive load.

An electric motor with a gearbox can be installed either at the bottom of the stairs and structurally connected to it, or located separately at the top. And then upper block used only to change the direction of the lifting force.

As you can see, the design of a homemade lift itself is not particularly difficult and can be made quite quickly. However, you should be aware that any mechanical transport mechanism, especially a lifting mechanism, poses a certain safety hazard, especially for unqualified personnel. And you have to be very careful when working with it. In particular, the ladder must be installed stably, with both legs firmly resting on the support. The ladder must be securely secured at the top to prevent it from tipping back when the platform is overloaded.

Konstantin Timoshenko (c) January 2009

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