Who among us has not dreamed of learning at least one foreign language? But some are lucky enough to speak several languages almost from birth, while others cannot learn English, which is spoken on all continents, in their entire life.
There are many reasons why a foreign language is not given: lack of ability, bad memory, laziness, incorrectly designed educational programs, lack of motivation and the complexity of a specific language for you. The more similar a foreign language is to your native language, the easier it is for you to learn it. If you know Russian, you will quickly master one of the Slavic languages. If you speak Farsi, you can easily master Arabic– one of the most difficult in the world.
Of course, it is easier for Europeans to learn languages that are written in Latin or Cyrillic, rather than in hieroglyphs. But everything is relative. The determining factor in any new endeavor, including language learning, is motivation. If you like to learn Japanese or Arabic, you will find this language much easier than, for example, English or German, which you had to cram for 10 years at school.
TOP 5 from American researchers
And yet, the US Foreign Ministry compiled the TOP 5 easiest languages in the world. There was only one criterion - the language was simple, if learning it required no more than 600 hours of intensive study. If more time is needed, the language is complex. It is important that this rating was compiled for those who speak English.
According to this classification, one of the lightest is considered English language. Because it lacks gender and case, the words do not need to be consistent with each other. In Russian, we change the endings of words without thinking, but for foreigners this is more difficult than solving problems in higher mathematics and quantum physics combined. 
English words are relatively short compared to, for example, Finnish ones. The grammar is very simple and colloquial speech it is further simplified. Often native speakers themselves deviate from academic rules and deliberately do not use complex speech structures. Confirmation that English is a simple language is obvious - it is spoken by the whole planet. More than 60 countries! Even in India it is the second state one.
Simple is considered Spanish language. There is no need to learn transcription here: how the word is written is how it is read. Also in it simple grammar, there are almost no exceptions. It is easy to learn for those who know English - these languages are similar in many ways. If you want to learn a foreign language, start with Spanish. Experts say that he learns easier than all Europeans. Today it is spoken by approximately 0.5 billion people, many of whom live in Mexico and Argentina. 
Similar to English and Spanish is Italian, which is also called one of the easiest. It, like other Indo-European languages, “grew” from Latin. Therefore, it also lacks cases, declensions, and word agreements. Are being written Italian words just as they are heard. If you want to learn as many languages as possible, after Spanish, start studying its “relative” – Italian.
TO simple languages American researchers include French. But this is a controversial issue, because the grammar in it is more complex than in English. It is also difficult for a foreigner to learn to “burr” and pronounce the grazing “r” correctly. French is easy for those who know English or German. But, if it becomes your first foreign language, you will have to spend a lot of time learning it. By the way, French was once more widespread than English, but then took second place. Today, French is spoken in 14 countries, and in total - 130 million people. 
Lasts this list artificial languageEsperanto, invented specifically for international communication. It is based on words that can be understood without translation, and a total of 16 grammatical rules are used. To master it you will need no more than 6 months. It is not official in any state, so it is not very common. No more than 3 million people know Esperanto - almost no one compared to English.
Polish is considered one of the easiest languages for Russian speakers. And Greek will be easier to learn for those who know Slavic languages. But the English will find the language of Hellas more difficult. 
The ease of a language also depends on the environment in which you learn it. It’s ideal to go to your “homeland” and study it there. In three months in Germany you can learn German better than in all your years of study at school and university. If there is no opportunity to go to language practice, you can try to artificially immerse yourself in the language environment: watch films and read books without translation, communicate with foreigners online. Today the Internet gives us limitless possibilities to learn any language. The main thing is your desire and motivation. If this is not the case, any foreign language will seem difficult.
It is believed that it is easier to learn any language through play than by cramming and trying to remember new words and grammar. Honestly, I couldn't tear myself away! Try it! I'm sure that one complex language there will be less for you!
I wish you good luck in learning your favorite foreign languages!
If you follow the latest news in the world modern technologies, That this material won't be big news to you. However, it is useful to take a closer look at the lightest material in the world and learn a few more details.
Less than a year ago, the title of the lightest material in the world was given to a material called aerographite. But this material did not manage to hold the palm for a long time; it was recently taken over by another carbon material called graphene airgel. Created research group Laboratory of the Department of Polymer Science and Technology of Zhejiang University, headed by Professor Gao Chao, the ultra-light graphene airgel has a density slightly lower than that of helium gas and slightly higher than that of hydrogen gas.
Aerogels, as a class of materials, were developed and produced in 1931 by engineer and chemist Samuel Stephens Kistler. Since then, scientists from various organizations have been researching and developing such materials, despite their dubious value for practical use. An airgel consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, called “frozen smoke” and having a density of 4 mg/cm3, lost its title as the most lightweight material in 2011, which moved to a metal microlattice material having a density of 0.9 mG/cm3. And a year later, the title of lightest material passed to a carbon material called aerographite, whose density is 0.18 mg/cm3.
The new holder of the lightest material title, graphene airgel, created by Professor Chao's team, has a density of 0.16 mg/cm3. In order to create such lightweight material scientists have used one of the most amazing and thin materials today - graphene. Using their experience in creating microscopic materials such as “one-dimensional” graphene fibers and two-dimensional graphene ribbons, the team decided to add another dimension to the two dimensions of graphene and create a bulk porous graphene material.
Instead of the template manufacturing method, which uses a solvent material and is usually used to make various aerogels, the Chinese scientists used a freeze-drying method. Freeze-drying of a cooloid solution consisting of a liquid filler and graphene particles made it possible to create a carbon-based porous sponge, the shape of which almost completely followed the given shape.
“There is no need to use templates; the size and shape of the ultra-light carbon material we create depends only on the shape and size of the container,” says Professor Chao. “The amount of airgel produced depends only on the size of the container, which can have a volume measured in thousands of cubic centimeters.”
The resulting graphene airgel is an extremely strong and elastic material. It can absorb organic materials, including oil, weighing 900 times its own weight with a high absorption rate. One gram of airgel absorbs 68.8 grams of oil in just one second, making it attractive material for use as an absorber for oil and petroleum products spilled in the ocean.
In addition to serving as an oil absorbent, graphene airgel has potential for use in energy storage systems, as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions, and as a filler for complex composite materials.
The lightest material in the world January 8th, 2014
If you follow the latest developments in the world of modern technology, then this material will not be big news for you. However, it is useful to take a closer look at the lightest material in the world and learn a few more details.
Less than a year ago, the title of the lightest material in the world was given to a material called aerographite. But this material did not manage to hold the palm for a long time; it was recently taken over by another carbon material called graphene airgel. Created by a research team from Zhejiang University's Department of Polymer Science and Technology laboratory led by Professor Gao Chao, the ultra-light graphene airgel has a density slightly lower than that of helium gas and slightly higher than that of hydrogen gas.
Aerogels, as a class of materials, were developed and produced in 1931 by engineer and chemist Samuel Stephens Kistler. Since then, scientists from various organizations have been researching and developing such materials, despite their dubious value for practical use. Airgel consisting of multilayer carbon nanotubes, dubbed “frozen smoke” and having a density of 4 mG/cm3, lost the title of lightest material in 2011, which passed to a metal microlattice material with a density of 0.9 mG/cm3. And a year later, the title of lightest material passed to a carbon material called aerographite, whose density is 0.18 mg/cm3.
The new holder of the lightest material title, graphene airgel, created by Professor Chao's team, has a density of 0.16 mg/cm3. In order to create such a lightweight material, scientists used one of the most amazing and thin materials to date - graphene. Using their experience in creating microscopic materials such as “one-dimensional” graphene fibers and two-dimensional graphene ribbons, the team decided to add another dimension to the two dimensions of graphene and create a bulk porous graphene material.
Instead of the template manufacturing method, which uses a solvent material and is usually used to make various aerogels, the Chinese scientists used a freeze-drying method. Freeze-drying of a cooloid solution consisting of a liquid filler and graphene particles made it possible to create a carbon-based porous sponge, the shape of which almost completely followed the given shape.
“There is no need to use templates; the size and shape of the ultra-light carbon material we create depends only on the shape and size of the container,” says Professor Chao. “The amount of airgel produced depends only on the size of the container, which can have a volume measured in thousands of cubic centimeters.”
The resulting graphene airgel is an extremely strong and elastic material. It can absorb organic materials, including oil, weighing up to 900 times its own weight at a high absorption rate. One gram of airgel absorbs 68.8 grams of oil in just one second, making it an attractive material for use as an absorbent for ocean oil and petroleum products.
In addition to serving as an oil absorbent, graphene airgel has potential for use in energy storage systems, as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions, and as a filler for complex composite materials.
From helicopters and spaceships down to elementary particles - here are the 25 fastest things in the world.
25. The fastest train
The Japanese JR-Maglev train reached speeds exceeding 581 kilometers per hour using magnetic levitation.
24. The fastest roller coaster
The Formula Rossa, recently built in Dubai, allows adventurers to reach speeds of 240 kilometers per hour.
23. The fastest elevator
The elevators at Taipei Tower in Taiwan carry people up and down at speeds of 60 kilometers per hour.
22. Fastest production car
The Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4, accelerating up to 430 kilometers per hour, is the world's fastest road-legal car common use.
21. The fastest non-production car
On October 15, 1997, the Thrust SSC rocket-propelled vehicle overcame sound barrier in the Nevada desert.
20. The fastest manned aircraft
X-15 air force The USA not only reaches an impressive speed of 7,270 kilometers per hour, but also flies so high that several of its pilots received astronaut wings from NASA.
19. Fastest tornado
The tornado that occurred near the city of Oklahoma was the fastest in terms of wind speeds, reaching 480 kilometers per hour.
18. The fastest man
In 2009, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt set a world record in the 100 meters, running it in 9.58 seconds.
17. Fastest woman
In 1988, American Florenc Griffith-Joyner ran the 100-meter dash in 10.49 seconds, a record that has never been broken to this day.
16. Fastest land animal
In addition to the fact that cheetahs run fast (120 kilometers per hour), they are also capable of accelerating faster than most production cars (from 0 to 100 kilometers per hour in 3 seconds).
15. The fastest fish
Some individuals of the sailfish species can accelerate to 112 kilometers per hour.
14. The fastest bird
The peregrine falcon is also the fastest animal in the world overall and can exceed speeds of 325 kilometers per hour.
13. Fastest computer
Although this record will likely be broken by the time you read this article, China's Milky Way-2 is the fastest computer in the world.
12. Fastest submarine
It is difficult to register records in such things, since information about submarines is usually kept secret. However, according to some estimates highest speed developed by the Soviet submarine K-162 in 1969. The speed was about 44 knots.
11. The fastest helicopter
In July 2010, the Sikorsky X2 set a new speed record over West Palm Beach - 415 kilometers per hour.
10. Fastest boat
The world water speed record is the officially recognized maximum speed achieved by water transport. The current record holder is the Spirit of Australia, which reached 511 kilometers per hour.
9. The fastest sport with rackets
In badminton, the shuttlecock can reach speeds of more than 320 kilometers per hour.
8. The fastest land transport
Military missile sleds reach speeds exceeding Mach 8 (9,800 kilometers per hour).
7. Fastest spaceship
In space, speed can only be measured relative to other objects. Taking this into account, the fastest spacecraft, moving from the Sun at a speed of 62,000 kilometers per hour, is Voyager 1.
6. Fastest eater
Joey “Jaws” Chestnut is now recognized as world champion by the International Federation of Competitive Eating after eating 66 hot dogs in 12 minutes.
5. Fastest crash test
To determine the safety rating, EuroNCAP usually conducts its crash tests at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour. However, in 2011, they decided to increase the speed to 190 kilometers per hour. Just for fun.
4. Fastest guitarist
John Taylor set a new world record by playing "Flight of the Bumblebee" perfectly at 600 beats per minute.
3. Fastest rapper
No Clue received the title of "fastest rapper" in the Guinness Book of Records when he spoke 723 syllables in 51.27 seconds. He pronounced about 14 syllables per second.
2. Highest speed
Technically, the fastest speed in the Universe is the speed of light. However, there are a few caveats that lead us to the first point...
1. The fastest elementary particle
Although this is a controversial claim, scientists at the European Nuclear Research Center recently conducted experiments in which mu-meson neutrinos traveled between Geneva, Switzerland and Gran Sasso, Italy, several nanoseconds faster than light. However, for now, the photon is still considered the king of speed.
Osmium is currently defined as the heaviest substance on the planet. Only one cubic centimeter of this substance weighs 22.6 grams. It was discovered in 1804 by the English chemist Smithson Tennant; when gold was dissolved in a test tube, a precipitate remained. This happened due to the peculiarity of osmium; it is insoluble in alkalis and acids.
The heaviest element on the planet
It is a bluish-white metallic powder. It occurs in nature in seven isotopes, six of which are stable and one is unstable. It is slightly denser than iridium, which has a density of 22.4 grams per cubic centimeter. Of the materials discovered to date, the heaviest substance in the world is osmium.
It belongs to the group of lanthanum, yttrium, scandium and other lanthanides.
More expensive than gold and diamonds
Very little of it is mined, about ten thousand kilograms per year. Even the largest source of osmium, the Dzhezkazgan deposit, contains about three ten-millionth parts. The market value of the rare metal in the world reaches about 200 thousand dollars per gram. Moreover, the maximum purity of the element during the purification process is about seventy percent.
Although Russian laboratories managed to obtain a purity of 90.4 percent, the amount of metal did not exceed a few milligrams.
Density of matter beyond planet Earth
Osmium is undoubtedly the leader of the most heavy elements of our planet. But if we turn our gaze into space, then our attention will reveal many substances heavier than our “king” of heavy elements.
The fact is that in the Universe there are conditions somewhat different than on Earth. The gravity of the series is so great that the substance becomes incredibly dense.
If we consider the structure of the atom, we will find that the distances in the interatomic world are somewhat reminiscent of the space we see. Where planets, stars and others are at a fairly large distance. The rest is occupied by emptiness. This is exactly the structure that atoms have, and with strong gravity this distance decreases quite significantly. Up to the “pressing” of some elementary particles into others.
Neutron stars are super-dense space objects
By searching beyond our Earth, we may find the heaviest matter in space in neutron stars.
These are quite unique space inhabitants, one of the possible types of stellar evolution. The diameter of such objects ranges from 10 to 200 kilometers, with a mass equal to our Sun or 2-3 times more.
This cosmic body mainly consists of a neutron core, which consists of flowing neutrons. Although, according to some scientists’ assumptions, it should be in a solid state, reliable information does not exist today. However, it is known that it is neutron stars that, having reached their compression limit, subsequently transform into a colossal release of energy, on the order of 10 43 -10 45 joules.
The density of such a star is comparable, for example, to the weight of Mount Everest placed in Matchbox. This is hundreds of billions of tons in one cubic millimeter. For example, to make it more clear how high the density of matter is, let’s take our planet with its mass of 5.9 × 1024 kg and “turn” it into a neutron star.
As a result, in order to equal the density of a neutron star, it must be reduced to the size of an ordinary apple, with a diameter of 7-10 centimeters. The density of unique stellar objects increases as you move toward the center.
Layers and density of matter
The outer layer of the star is represented in the form of a magnetosphere. Directly below it, the density of the substance already reaches about one ton per cubic centimeter. Given our knowledge of the Earth, at the moment, this is the heaviest substance of the discovered elements. But don't rush to conclusions.
Let's continue our research into unique stars. They are also called pulsars because of the high speed of rotation around their axis. This indicator for various objects ranges from several tens to hundreds of revolutions per second.
Let us proceed further in the study of superdense cosmic bodies. This is followed by a layer that has the characteristics of a metal, but is likely similar in behavior and structure. Crystals are much smaller than we see in the crystal lattice of Earthly substances. To build a line of 1 centimeter crystals, you will need to lay out more than 10 billion elements. The density in this layer is one million times higher than in the outer layer. This is not the heaviest material in the star. Next comes a layer rich in neutrons, the density of which is a thousand times higher than the previous one.
Neutron star core and its density
Below is the core, this is where the density reaches its maximum - twice as high as the overlying layer. The substance of the core of a celestial body consists of all elementary particles known to physics. With this, we have reached the end of the journey to the core of a star in search of the heaviest substance in space.
The mission in search of substances unique in density in the Universe seems to be completed. But space is full of mysteries and undiscovered phenomena, stars, facts and patterns.
Black holes in the Universe
You should pay attention to what is already open today. These are black holes. Perhaps these mysterious objects may be candidates for the fact that the heaviest matter in the Universe is their component. Note that the gravity of black holes is so strong that light cannot escape.
According to scientists, matter drawn into the space-time region becomes so dense that there is no space left between elementary particles.
Unfortunately, beyond the event horizon (the so-called boundary where light and any object, under the influence of gravity, cannot leave a black hole), our guesses and indirect assumptions based on the emission of particle streams follow.
A number of scientists suggest that space and time mix beyond the event horizon. There is an opinion that they may be a “passage” to another Universe. Perhaps this is true, although it is quite possible that beyond these limits another space opens up with completely new laws. An area where time exchanges “place” with space. The location of the future and the past is determined simply by the choice of following. Like our choice to go right or left.
It is potentially possible that there are civilizations in the Universe that have mastered time travel through black holes. Perhaps in the future people from planet Earth will discover the secret of traveling through time.