Assembling a staircase in a wooden house. Do-it-yourself wooden staircase installation

Interfloor staircase necessary to connect the premises of a house with several levels. It should be durable, safe and comfortable. In addition, the staircase is essential element interior design, it cannot be hidden or disguised.

You should think about the location, configuration and design of the staircase in the scrap at the very beginning of the design, because the layout of the building often depends on this. Taking into account the characteristics of this element, floor halls and entrances to rooms are located. Free zone in front of the stairs and around it, convenient location of the “start” of the stairs and its “finish”, lighting of the ascent - the most important conditions comfort and harmony of the interior. In addition, the safety of the stairs is directly related to its convenience.

Rules for installing stairs in the house

When designing a house, they take into account the required size of the opening for the staircase in the ceiling between floors and the method of supporting it. Concrete, marble or glass structure can weigh up to 2 tons, so it is necessary to take into account the additional load on the floor.

Concrete stairs- a structural component of the house, and they are erected during the construction phase. In a small building they are usually built between capital walls, limiting the staircase space.

Light Stairs- wooden, metal - mounted at the final stage finishing works. They can be turned into spectacular element interior, place it anywhere in the house, make it completely open.

When designing a staircase, the owner often has to choose between its convenience and usable area Houses. Only a specialist can create a convenient, economical and safe design. The size of the opening in the second floor ceiling depends on the shape of the staircase and the height of the floor. For the most economical, single-flight structures, an opening of at least 100 x 250 cm will be required, for screw minimum diameter opening - 120 cm. Sometimes efficiency can be sacrificed for the sake of effect - for example, increasing the opening so that part of the first floor can be seen from the upper staircase hall.

Spacious hall - the best place for stairs

But you should always remember about the convenience and safety of the stairs. They will be provided with:

• correct ratio of parameters: angle of ascent and descent, width of passage along the stairs, turning sections;
• sufficient free space above the head of the person climbing - at least 2 m;
• reliable staircase fencing and landing;
• sufficient lighting - better, natural, and if this is not possible, it is advisable to provide bright staircase halls.

The staircase at the door ensures maximum autonomy for the second floor

Location of stairs in the house

It is better to place the staircase closer to the geometric center of the house in order to save on the length of communications. It is necessary to provide a convenient approach to it, and there should be free space around it so that two people can pass each other. Most often, the staircase is located in the hall or hallway - this ensures the autonomy of the premises and allows you to climb to the second floor directly from the entrance to the house. Sometimes a staircase is placed in the living room and this multi-level design serves as a decoration for the room. The second floor hall can be made in the form of a gallery, open to the living room or hallway.

The staircase is located in the living room so that it does not disturb the comfort

Spiral staircase with gallery

This type of staircase is most often located in the living room. It is less convenient for lifting than the marching one, and involves limited use, for example, it leads to the mezzanine.

Spiral staircase with gallery

Staircase in the hall

The staircase in the hall is convenient because it connects special communication rooms and ensures the autonomy of all rooms. You can arrange utility rooms underneath.

Staircase in the hall

Staircase in the living room

The staircase located in the living room always attracts attention. It should have an expressive design. But she will have to sacrifice free space and peace in the common room.

Staircase in the living room

Stair elements

The staircase consists of load-bearing structure, steps and fences. The structure must be durable, and it can rest on walls or ceilings. The convenience of the stairs depends on the angle of ascent and is associated with the ratio of the height and width of the steps (they are calculated based on the average step of a person). The fence consists of railings and the filling between them and the steps. First of all, the strength and height of the fence are important, and secondly, its decorative effect.

Wide first steps invite you to start the climb and allow for turning

Stair terminology

Flight of stairs- a rise with a certain number of steps (preferably no more than 17) between landings or from the floor of one floor to the floor of another. The optimal slope of the march is 30-40°, but not more than 45°, and its optimal width for a private house - 80-90 cm.

landing- a horizontal platform between marches, the width and length of which is not less than that of the march. Typically used to rotate stairs 90-180°.

Tread- the width of the step is commensurate with the human foot. Usually 25-30 cm, but not less than 22 cm.

Riser- step height. Optimal height- 15-18 cm, but not more than 20 cm. The height of all steps must be the same.

Winder steps- steps that taper towards the inner edge and widen towards the outer edge of the staircase. They serve to turn it. The width of the winder step in the center must be at least 22 cm. Stairs consisting only of winder steps are called spiral.

Balusters- staircase fencing elements: vertical posts located between steps and railings and delimiting the staircase, landing, gallery. They provide safety and decorate the stairs. The distance between the balusters should not exceed 10 cm, and the height of the fence with railings should be 96-98 cm, but not less than 90 cm.

Boltsy- elements of the supporting structure of the staircase: bolts mounted into the wall on which the stair step is attached.

Kosour- element of the supporting structure of the staircase: an inclined beam (or a pair of beams) to which the steps are attached. It is made of wood, metal, concrete and rests on the floors.

From the landing, as from a balcony, it’s nice to glance at the living room

Types and configurations of stairs

The configuration of the staircase depends on the floor layout, the area allocated for this element, the interior style, design and material. With the correct calculation of the parameters, any staircase configuration will be convenient. Moreover, the greater the number of flights and the slope of the structure, the more space it will take up, but it will be safer, more presentable and easier to lift.

Staircase with winder steps shorter than two-march. And the screw takes less space than others, but it is difficult to walk on, so it is better not to use it as the main one.

Ladder unusual shape does not require additional decorations

Configuration and area of ​​a staircase 0.9 m wide with a floor height of 2.75 m (17 steps)

1. Single-flight straight (3.78 m²) 2. Double-flight straight with an intermediate platform (4.59 m²) 3. Double-flight L-shaped (4.59 m²) 4. Double-flight U-shaped with an intermediate platform (5.61 m²) 5. Three-flight with two platforms (5.51 m²)

6. Single-flight with winder steps and a 90° turn (4.23 m²) 7. Single-flight with winder steps and a 180° turn (4.32 m²) 8. Single-flight with winder steps and a 180° turn (3.75 m² ) 9. Single-flight only with winder steps and a 180° turn (3.54 m²)

10. Spiral staircases (3.14 m²) and (2.54 m²)

Comfortable staircase: ratio of step sizes

About the safety of stairs

The staircase must be designed by a specialist. You should pay special attention to its safety and do not neglect the following rules:

• starting from a height of 1 m, flights of stairs, landings and galleries must have a fence at least 90 cm high;
• gaps between fencing elements should not be more than 10 cm in width or diameter;
• the railings should have a shape that is comfortable for your hand to grasp;
• all steps must be the same height;
• steps should not slide;
• on the upper landing to the stairs it is necessary to ensure free passage from all rooms.

Classic straight staircase with a convenient handrail along the wall

Stair materials

The supporting structures of stairs are made of wood, metal, glass and concrete. As finishing materials They use ceramics, stone and mosaics. When finishing steps, take into account that they must resist abrasion. If the steps are lined with slippery material, apply rough stripes to the planes of the treads or lay carpet covering. The fencing and cladding of the stairs are consistent with the interior design. The most popular are wooden stairs: they are suitable for interiors of any style, while steel and glass are attributes of a modern setting.

Wooden stairs are especially in demand in private homes; they are diverse, durable, environmentally friendly and beautiful. Solid wood or laminated wood is used for construction

Wooden stairs are traditionally decorated with carved balusters and railings, as well as wooden sculptures. A design made of any material is made spectacular by forged railings and fences, as well as glass elements. For the design of the staircase, an entrance platform with several initial steps is important. It can be oval, with unusually designed railings.

Glass stairs are made of triplex (several layers of tempered glass); metal is used for the non-existent structure. Glass stairs can have a complex spatial configuration and are spectacular. Fences are made of triplex, steel, brass

Metal stairs are made from metal profiles, pipes, reinforcing steel and steel sheets. They allow you to give the structure any configuration.

Concrete stairs can be prefabricated or monolithic. Concrete allows you to create representative stairs that are complex, plastic, curved shapes. The surface of the stairs is lined with stone, mosaic, and ceramics. Fences are made of stone, forged metal, steel, less often - made of wood

Staircase lighting

If the stairs are dark or improperly lit, it is dangerous to use. How more complex form structure and the longer it is, the more carefully you need to pay attention to the lighting of staircases and approaches to them.

Light finishing of the stairs is a guarantee of safety

If the stairs are located near outer wall, windows are needed. And using skylights, natural light can also be provided for a structure located in the back of the house.

Step lighting is one of the practical solutions security problems

In a multi-storey and attic house a staircase is a necessary attribute of architecture to connect rooms located on adjacent floors. Also useful in two-story townhouses or cottages. It is necessary that it provides convenience and safety, and fits correctly into the interior of the house. If you do not follow the necessary rules or neglect mathematical calculations, the staircase will be built crookedly, and you will need to spend a large amount money to redo everything. Required building codes must be followed.

Modular stairs will not require you to spend a lot of money. All you need to do is assemble the product from finished parts doing everything necessary instructions supplier. There are kits that ensure the production of spiral or marching staircases. A complete set of fastening elements and necessary structures is included. If you are a novice builder or building for the first time wooden stairs, then no one will advise you to do the screw version.

If there is limited space in the apartment, it is better to entrust the matter to professional builders. The installers will do everything for you in accordance with GOSTs and SNiPs.

Or you can choose a shallow view. Installing a sloping vehicle on the second floor will require a lot of space. But it will be convenient to go up and down. If you have limited space in your home, you need to do two staircase. The width of the staircase must be at least 1 meter so that you can carry large furniture and large equipment.

A beginner cannot do repairs to even the simplest staircase himself. However, if you have already made one or more stairs according to the instructions above, you can try more difficult task: creating a spiral staircase with your own hands.

Installation: DIY wooden stairs

First of all, you need to design the staircase. Errors at the stage of planning and preparation of building materials are the cause of failures at subsequent stages. We suggest making stairs with risers so that the structure is held firmly. It is best to make a staircase structure using stringers.

Must be correct sizes such elements:

• Ladder:
• Tilt angle;
• Width of steps.

We determine the height of the stairs; to do this, we fix a horizontal board as the beginning of the structure. Having adjusted the board, we measure the height of the stairs. To prevent the level from dangling in the air, it must be secured to the board with tape. A suitable option will be if the angle of inclination is no more than 37 degrees. A slope of 45° will be inconvenient for descent. And if the angle of inclination is less than 30°, then walking on the stairs will be dangerous. The width of the step is taken according to the average length of a person’s foot. And the height is selected based on the height of a simple step. The risers can be made from any coniferous wood.

Handmade production and installation of wooden stairs

To make stringers, let's take pine boards 40mm wide. Stringers are the main part of the stairs, which bear most of the total load when walking. Let's draw a pattern in accordance with the designed steps. After this, the markings are applied to the boards and electric jigsaw teeth are cut out. All elements must be symmetrical.

Therefore, having made one stringer, you use it as a template for making others. The more supporting structures, the better. Therefore, it is advisable to have four stringers.

When you have cut them all out and plane them, you must attach the stringers.

If necessary, dismantle anything that may be obstructing the wall or floor. At the very bottom of the stairs there will be a beam. Make several recesses in it for the stringers, or cut out corners in the stringers for fastening. The stringers also need to be securely fastened to the ceiling. The first stringer is attached directly to the wall. The support bars on the floor and ceiling must be properly secured. The stronger the better. The stringers should be parallel to each other. Next you can do the steps.

Installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor

You can buy ready-made steps (or treads, the same thing) and risers at a construction supermarket. Take the price list, select products from quality and inexpensive material. Alternatively, you can cut it yourself or entrust it to installers.

A standard step must have certain standards and match the width of the staircase being built between two stringers. That is, the width should be 30cm, length in the range of 80-120cm, and thickness 3-4cm.

Now you can assemble the ladder. It is necessary that the risers have good strength and be protected from moisture. The blanks must be attached to the stringers with self-tapping screws and nails. They all need to be secured. Then you can attach the treads with nails and screws so that the caps are deep in the wood and do not protrude.

How to secure a staircase post and baluster

To ensure the strength of the stairs and fences of the structure, pillars are installed for support. Often wood does not guarantee against pillar cracks and is sometimes subject to deformation. Therefore, if you are making your own staircase posts, you will need two straight boards that need to be glued together. Usually a standard part is used as a pillar, which is made on a machine.

The base of the pillar should be of such a size that handrails are attached to the so-called square. The support column must have the following standards: height size 1000 - 13000mm, and section size from 70x70mm to 120x120mm. It is advisable to purchase poles and handrails from the store.

On the extreme parts of the steps, markings are made where balusters and pillars for support will be installed. Next, holes are drilled. After this, dowels are inserted into them, which protrude approximately 15mm. Next, holes are made in the balusters with a drill. The pillars are installed at the beginning and end of the stairs. The bases of the balusters are lubricated with glue and placed on dowels. The balusters are placed in a vertical position parallel to each other. We are waiting for the glue to dry.

After this, the railings are made. The edges must be cut at an angle. The railings are glued to the balusters, then you need to screw them from below with a thin self-tapping screw. support pillar below is installed in last resort. Finally, varnish is applied to the wood. We can use paint to make the stairs dark brown.

Quick repair of a wooden staircase: conclusion

Watch the video again with the repair rules. You can always entrust the job to builders. They will help you repair it if something goes wrong. Mistakes should not be made, because an improperly repaired staircase can lead to injury. And when making stairs with the help of builders, if you are injured due to a collapse of the structure, you can go to court.

Even if you did everything correctly, and the builders helped you, any thing requires repair. Wooden staircase, among others. The need to get rid of old varnish will bring little trouble. But sometimes you need to completely renovate the steps. You can dismantle them and install new ones. If you decide to repair the stairs, then you should take into account factors such as the degree of wear and material capabilities.

Aluminum edges are useful to get rid of uneven steps.

One-piece profiles are difficult to use, which you cannot do yourself. The split profile makes installation easy.

Installation of wooden stairs(video)

If your steps begin to creak, most likely the joining parts are moving. This may be due to increased humidity in the house. There are also such phenomena as leaking roofs and more. Between the two rubbing surfaces it is necessary to lay an elastic mass on the inside of the stairs. In any case, do you do it yourself or with outside help, contact your installers for help.

Good luck with your renovation!

Quite often people install wooden stairs in their homes. Similar design It has a long service life, reliability and high strength characteristics. Don't forget about aesthetic beauty.

Installing a staircase requires accurate calculation of design parameters and compliance with all installation rules.

At first glance, installing stairs of this type may seem a simple task. There are no special parts or mechanisms here. Simple railings and the steps themselves are combined into a single design. However, installing it is actually quite difficult, since during the installation process you have to deal with numerous nuances that must be taken into account. So, let's look at how to install a ladder.

Scheme of a wooden staircase.

But first about necessary supplies for work:

• roulette;
• hacksaw;
• square;
• grinder;
• perforator;
• hammer;
• level and others.

Installation of wooden stairs

Even behind such a simple design there is a very complex technological process. It is best if such work is entrusted to specialists. They will decorate the house with the highest quality and in the shortest possible time. However, in this situation, numerous unforeseen expenses may arise. Installing a wooden staircase for your home with your own hands - best option solving the problem.

A lot depends on how well the wooden staircase is installed near the house. First of all, this concerns the operation and reliability of the design. If the installation is carried out incorrectly, that is, a person does not adhere to the technology, this can lead to a change in the aesthetic appearance, as well as damage.

When installing a wooden staircase for your home, you must adhere to the following rules:

Table showing proper design of stair treads.

1. It is best to carry out the installation by specialists who work for an organization that designs stairs. In this case, they will be responsible for their construction.
2. The installation of the structure is carried out in the place that was originally described in the contract, since all structural elements are made for it.
3. The ladder must be transported to its destination disassembled. In this case, the likelihood of damage to its structural elements is reduced. In this case, the installation of the structure is made from ready-made components.
4. If a person applies for work to a company that makes ready-made flights of stairs, then he will definitely first need to make grooves in the mounting beams for their installation.
5. Only after the railings have been finally adjusted to the floor level can you begin to install the flights of stairs. When adjusting the lower string, it is imperative to take into account the fact that flooring can be laid on the floor.
6. Before you start installation flight of stairs, you definitely need to make a fence. Only after it is perfectly matched to the future design can further work be continued.
7. To obtain durable and reliable design It is imperative to screw the marches onto self-tapping screws. This makes the structure more durable and rigid. They are fastened in several places around the perimeter, connected through a support post and through a bowstring to the wall.

Methods of fastening structural parts

Options for attaching steps to the string.

Let's look at how the main elements of the staircase are fastened. Any structure that is installed at home or near it has the same structure.

Moreover, we are not necessarily talking about a wooden staircase. There are always inclined parts and steps here. In another way they can be called flights of stairs and landings. Depending on how the spans are organized, the structures can be single-flight, double-flight or three-flight. There are several different methods for attaching steps:

• they can rest on the bowstrings at both ends;
• one end is attached to the stringer, and the other to the wall;
• one end is embedded in the wall, and the other hangs freely; this method cannot always be used; it is only appropriate if the thickness of the wall is very large.

Methods of attaching steps to a stringer.

Before final assembly staircases for the home must take into account the fact that it must withstand all the loads that await it. After all, not only do people walk on such structures, but also loads move. The rigidity is very important. All grooves that are intended for fastening structural elements with bowstrings must be made in such a way that the elements fit into them with tension, that is, as tightly as possible. Their depth must be the same, and the grooves themselves must have a flat plane. This is true for all cases, including when using glue to attach structural elements. It will evenly fill the grooves, giving them the required rigidity and strength. If another fastening method is used, then it is worth using the wedging method.

In this situation, the grooves are made in the form of a trapezoid. Its top will be in front of the bowstring. After installation, the process of wedging begins. After everything is thoroughly coated with glue, we can say that the result is a fairly strong and powerful structure. You can always use nails or screws as additional fasteners.

However, in this case, the appearance of the stairs may deteriorate. To prevent this from happening, the caps must be buried in the wood and then covered with special covers. Now the aesthetics will be at their best. Appearance the entire structure will not be damaged. To increase the strength of the ladder, several nails or screws are used for fastening.

Installation of stairs: features

Scheme of fastening the railing posts, lower and upper.

So let's consider self-installation stairs. This is done quite simply. Moreover, all components of the structure are supplied ready-made, but disassembled. Here you need to be extremely careful to comply with all the nuances of the technology.

The first stage is the preparation of the upper and lower marches. The side parts must strictly comply with the parameters of the opening. Markings must first be applied, according to which preparation is carried out. If it is not made by the manufacturer, then you need to do it yourself.

Now we need to move on to preparing the upper support post. Grooves are cut into it, which will serve for fastening top bar span.

For marking, you can use a regular pencil.

It is used to apply horizontal line on the bottom edge of the groove. Then you need to measure the distance from the ceiling to the floor and draw another line. It should be equal to this distance. Risers are installed in all grooves, and then their lower part is sawn to size.

Assembly modern stairs for the home is done using glue. Only high quality material is used. All structural elements must be glued in the following sequence:

• the upper support post is connected to the side structural elements;
• then fencing and railings are added;
• connect the lower ends of the railing and the lower support post;
• The side parts of the structure and the lower stand are glued together.

Only in this sequence should it be done correct installation stairs. Wooden spikes are driven into those parts of the rack that are used for connection. After all the elements are prepared, be sure to give them time to dry completely.

Now you can proceed to assembling the structure. One person cannot cope with this. You definitely need to get help. At least three additional people must be involved in assistance. One of them is located at the top, and the rest are at the bottom.

Next, the ladder itself is installed on the floor and then leveled using a level. Special marks are made on the floor that will serve as markings for future pillars. Holes are made in these places using a drill. They should also be in the pillars, and the same size as on the floor. Fastening is carried out using special bolts. The gait is attached to cross beam two nails.

Lonely side part attached to the wall using self-tapping screws or bolts. Quite a lot of them must be used so that the connection is very strong and durable. If necessary, you can do additional cladding on the stairs. This is done using sheets of drywall or other material. Wood can also be used in a similar situation. For example, lining or tongue and groove board. In this case, the wooden staircase will not lose its original beauty and aesthetics.

Summarizing

Thus, the process of installing stairs for the house is completed. There is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to strictly follow the instructions given above. This is the only way to achieve the desired result. When performing work, be sure to use only high-quality glue. With its help you can get a truly durable and reliable structure.

When performing work, be sure to call help. Only with their help can you achieve high-quality results. Wooden stairs are quite heavy structural element. It needs to be mounted and installed only through the efforts of several people. To achieve the required result, when installing outdoors, you can use specialized equipment.

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you start doing the work, do the math carefully. future design on strength and size, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations(or lack thereof) will lead to numerous reworkings of the original project.

Types of stairs

Exists a large number of different options flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, make a spiral staircase from metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

In a low-rise building, without construction experience, it is better to order modular staircase, a kind of construction set where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.

When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to external finishing (beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a ladder for the first time, you don’t need to swing at it right away. complex design. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. Optimal angle the rise is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase to a house, or interfloor staircase, is the creation of the project. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must withstand average weight ordinary person with a fair amount of reserve. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards suitable thickness and lengths, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

A 4 cm thick pine board is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with a jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the stairs more than a meter then and the third) kosour. Cut to size required amount steps.

The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!

DIY staircase photo

Note!

Modern cottages and private houses require the presence of 2 or more floors, and the topmost of them can be either residential or non-residential premises. In any case, a ladder is required.

Make your own reliable interfloor or attic staircase made of concrete or metal structures is quite heavy, which cannot be said about wood.

Even a novice master can assemble it.

From this article you will learn what types of wooden stairs there are, what are their differences, what material is used to make the spans. In addition, each of you will be able to make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself - in the article we will give approximate calculations and photo.

Types and types of structures

There are several species wooden staircase designs:

• Marching stairs. Easy to manufacture and convenient to use, but require large area premises. A flight of stairs can be placed along the wall or mounted in the middle of the room;
• . Usually located in limited space. Because throughput The structure is very small, it is better to move through it one at a time. A spiral staircase (if you build it yourself) will cost much less than other structures, and will last about the same;
• Combined stairs. Can be used in the construction of a private house, if the layout allows. Most often, flight stairs are made with a screw element.

Types of structures wooden stairs are the following:

• Stairs on pain– the steps are attached to huge hanging bolts (balusters);
• stairs on the bowstrings– the flight of stairs is mounted to a beam with special cutouts on inside end-to-end;
• stairs on stringers. Stringer is an inclined beam on top of which steps are attached.

What kind of wood can a staircase be made from?

Material selection for depends on the preferences of the owner of the house or apartment, the characteristics of the tree and the cost of it. Various breeds have their advantages and disadvantages:

1. Maple. A staircase made from this type will be the strongest and most durable. Color – light brown. The disadvantage of a maple staircase is its high price.
2. Larch. The color of the structure is golden yellow or dark yellow with brown veins. Great tolerates impacts external factors. A larch staircase will be strong and solid.
3. Oak. The peculiarity of oak stairs is that the older they are, the darker the shade.
4. Spruce. The most popular material due to its low cost. Spruce wood has a uniform structure and light shade.
5. Pine. Due to the low density of wood, it is very easy to process. Additional benefit pine is low cost material. The disadvantage of a pine staircase is its short service life. It is best to install a pine staircase in the country house where it will be used seasonally.

Pros and cons of wooden stairs

Wooden stairs have their advantages and disadvantages. Let's take a closer look at them.

Positive sides:

• Low cost of building materials;
• environmental friendliness of wood;
• ease of processing;
• possibility of DIY installation;
• light weight;
• aesthetic appearance.

Disadvantages of wood:

• Low strength compared to concrete or metal stairs;
• tree - natural material and it tends to deteriorate and change. Therefore, after some time, preventative work may be necessary;
• fire hazard of the material.

Materials for making stairs

For installation of stairs to the second floor You will need:

• Bars for steps;
• beams for risers (leg supports);
• boards;
• beams width 30 - 40 mm;
• beam for stringer – 50*240 mm;
• screws, self-tapping screws;
• wood glue;
• building level, square, tape measure;
• handrails and, but it is better to purchase them at a hardware store.

Staircase calculations

If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, think over the nuances of the design: determine its dimensions, calculate the number of steps and supports. It is important to initially imagine what function the staircase will perform: connecting the floors or leading to the top of the attic. (Information about self-insulation attics can be read).

Draw diagram It’s also easy to do it yourself. Most often, a straight flight of stairs is made. It connects the first floor with the second, and reaches a height of several meters. For convenience, the angle of inclination of the structure should be equal to the value V 30-40 degrees.

Note! Wooden houses give significant shrinkage in the first two years after construction, so the angle of inclination may change.

So, for your convenience, we will provide basic calculations elements of the staircase (using the example of a wooden one) standard designs:

• Base length - 3.5-4 m;
• flight of stairs - 2.5 m;
• width of steps – 30 cm;
• height of steps – 15-20 cm.

Necessary calculations

1. 1. We define height of the stairs. Average value from ceiling to floor – 250 cm. TO given value need to add thickness interfloor covering. Its average 35 cm. We get:
      250+35=285 cm

1. 1. calculate number of steps: divide the height of the stairs by the height of the steps. It is better to take the last value (i.e. the height of the steps) as average - 17 cm. We get:
      285 cm/17 cm =16.76

The value is rounded up. Total we get 17 steps.

1. 1. define step width. It is believed that the permissible tread width (flat facing part of the step) can range from 22-40 cm. IN Russian practice To calculate the width of the step and rise (risers), use the formula: a + b = 47 cm, Where A- riser height, b- step width. We get:
      47-16.67=30.3 cm

The value is rounded to 30 cm. - this is the width of the step.

1. 1. The width of the flight of stairs must be a multiple of the width of the step. In our case, this value can be equal to 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm. etc.
   2. calculate length of stairs. The length of the staircase is equal to the product of the number of steps and their width. We get:
      17*30= 480 cm

• calculate stringer length. We make calculations according to the Pythagorean theorem: the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. That is A²+B²=C². In this formula:
  A– height of the stringer,
  IN– length of flight of stairs,
  WITH– stringer length. We get:

230400 + 81225 = 311625
The root of this number is 558.23 cm. Can be rounded to 560 cm.

Advice! If it is difficult to make geometric calculations, you can draw a staircase on paper on an appropriate scale and measure the angle and length of the base.

Assembling the stairs

Before you begin assembling the stairs to the second floor, you need to decide place for installing stringers(supporting structure of a flight of stairs). Installation stairs (in our case, a marching structure) includes several stages:

1. 1. Installation of stringers. We fasten the lower part of the stringer with a support beam. From above we cut the stringer into the ceiling beam.

1. grinding stairs, coating with a protective composition.
2. varnishing And painting. To do this, use a roller or brush. Paint over need a ladder in 2-3 layers, each subsequent layer must be applied after some time so that the previous layer has time to dry.

Cost of a finished staircase

Those who decided to buy ready wooden staircase or make it order, should be aware that the cost will depend on the complexity of the design and the type of wood.

For example, the most common design of a flight of stairs with a turn 90 degrees pine will cost 60-80000 rub.., from birch – 100,000 rub..,made of oak – 150,000 rub..

You can order a wooden staircase in a specialized store or on company websites. Manufacturing On average it takes up stairs 5-10 working days.

It’s up to you to make a wooden staircase yourself or order it from specialists. Self-installation It's not a quick process, but it has its advantages. First of all, this saving Money and visual Quality control building materials.

This is how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands video.

Return