Make a veranda extension to the house from timber. Construction of a veranda from a metal profile - step-by-step instructions

DIY veranda? Nothing could be easier! Lovers of country holidays rightly believe that their home must have a veranda. And they are right. And in our article we will try to explain why and we will definitely tell you how to build DIY veranda and where to start.

Agree that the veranda performs one of the most important functions in a country house or summer cottage. Covered veranda will reliably provide protection from rain, sunlight and fallen leaves. The veranda can be separate building structure or a structure installed directly next to the house.

The material used may vary. Some people like verandas made of wood, while others like a reliable aluminum or metal frame, which can be completely open, or can be partially or completely covered.

To make a veranda roof, you can use various building materials. This can be corrugated sheet or translucent polycarbonate - in both cases it is necessary to take into account the drainage.

Veranda on a summer cottage - to build or not

First, let's answer the question, what is a veranda? First of all, this is a semi-open porch, often on wooden pillars resting on the ground and attached to the house. Typically, a veranda protects one side of the house from direct sunlight, where you can spend time outdoors when it rains.

The veranda only protects from the rain. Is it hot outside? No problem! During hot weather, you can spend time on the veranda enjoying the warm weather with a full glass of fresh juice in hand.

If you still doubt the functionality of the veranda and the question of its construction is in doubt, we can safely say that do not hesitate and of course build a veranda. After all, you will have extra room, where you can place furniture and create a beautiful and cozy place for evening tea or gatherings with friends. If you have the opportunity to build a veranda, build it and you will be satisfied!

As often happens, we really want to build a veranda, but our financial situation will not allow us to spend extra money on expensive materials and paying for the work of builders. Don't worry! We will tell you how to build a veranda with your own hands and save money on it.

While you are just dreaming about building a veranda, we have already prepared for you some tips and ideas for inspiration. Be sure to take a look at our examples and try to turn them into reality! Perhaps you will find an option that suits you and will be able to build a veranda on your summer cottage. And we tell you how to build an inexpensive DIY veranda.

DIY veranda

The roof height should be at least 2.2 meters, and a margin should also be left depending on the height of the frame and in case it is required to open and close the doors of the house. You can use the same type of roof as a carport.

Construction Materials

• Wooden pillars
• Roof joists
• Supports
• Hand crowbars
• Screws
• Dowels
• Cement mortar
• Anchors for fastening beams
• Ruberoid
• Bitumen or varnish

As an example, let's take a veranda 2.2 meters high, 6 meters long and 4 meters wide. You will need 3 strong posts measuring 9 x 9 cm and 2.8 meters high, 2 support beams and 7 cross members. Use seasoned planed pine or another type of wood for exterior structures.

To make a roof you can use various materials, such as corrugated metal sheets, black polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood, roofing felt (roofing cardboard), roofing felt tiles or translucent plastic panels. For exterior structures, always use stainless steel fastening materials. They may be more expensive, but they are much more durable.

Position marking

First of all, you need to make a decision regarding where and how you want to place the veranda. Determine how long and wide the roof should be and where the posts should be placed. Start with a general drawing, then decide what materials and dimensions will be needed. Once you have decided on where to place the porch, mark its exact location using a string.

Water flow

If the veranda is attached to the wall, it is necessary to install the roof at an angle of at least 5 degrees. This angle represents a slope of approximately 10-12 cm for every linear meter on the ground. If heavy snowfall is expected in winter, we recommend providing a steeper slope. When constructing a flat roof, the final step is to install a drain pipe at the edge.

Site marking

To mark post installation locations, draw external marking lines using cords. To prevent settling, the posts should be placed 2 to 3 meters apart in the center of the floor tiles. These posts support horizontal crossbars along which the fastening is made. The roof is easier to install with two people.

Installation of wall beams

The wall beam is attached to the wall, holding the support beams in place. The wooden wall beams are the same thickness as the support beams.

Determine the installation height of the wall beams. Provide a slope of at least 10-13 cm per meter. In our case, the slope will be 10 x 4 cm = 40 cm. In the front part, the height should be at least 2.20 meters.

Installation of wall beams

First, drill holes in the wall timber. Press the timber against the wall and, holding it in this position, make a mark in the center of the brick or where the bricks meet. You can use a seam in a row of bricks as a guide - this will allow you to secure the beam so that it is visually positioned horizontally.
Pre-drill holes for dowels and check the horizontal position of the wall beam using building level. The joint is located at the location of the middle beam.

Using impact screws

We recommend using impact screws. An impact screw is a steel nail or special screw that is driven into a dowel. This fastening method is much faster than using conventional screws and is ideal for fastening wall beams. After driving the screw into the dowel, it is finally tightened with a screwdriver.

Post supports for installation on tiles or paving stones

If you don't want to break tiles or paving stones or don't have the resources to do so special tool, suitable option is to install pole supports using screws. The posts are simply secured in the desired position on the slabs or paving stones. Checking the verticality and correct installation of the pillars is done using a building level or a cord.

Veranda central pillar

The central pillar is installed in the center according to the appropriate markings. As you pass the cord between both end posts, ensure that the top edges of all posts are properly aligned.

Attaching the front beam to the posts

A front beam, matching the size of the wall beams, is installed at the front on all 3 posts. To ensure the stability of the roof, the beams have additional diagonal supports, which are fastened with screws of suitable length. In this case, you should pre-drill holes for the screws.

Installing roof beams

Once the front beam is securely fastened, check that it is horizontal and proceed to install the roof cross beams on the supports. In this case it is also necessary to use screws of the appropriate size. They should be arranged in 7 cross beams with a distance between beams of 1 meter. After this, it is necessary to complete the roof fastening - for example, by installing wooden panels, metal profiled sheets or translucent polycarbonate panels.

Metal profiled sheets

Profiled metal sheets are durable, easy to install and provide a waterproof surface for the veranda when used to secure screws with rubber seals. To ensure the watertightness of the roof, the sheets are installed overlapping. To avoid injury to your hands from sharp edges, use work gloves. To ensure watertightness of the joint with the wall, a corrugated profile can be attached to the wall to match the shape of the roof panel, followed by sealing the top edge.

Translucent polycarbonate

To install a translucent roof, you can use 16mm polycarbonate panels. They are durable and easy to install, and are easily sealed with appropriately shaped end profiles. At the top edge of the wall you can use aluminum profile. The gap between the top edge of the wall and the profile is filled with silicone sealing. Before applying the silicone seal, the entire surface of the edge should be degreased. Alternatively, you can use a thick or doubled rubber sealing strip and attach it to the wall using dowels and screws.

Fastening poles in the ground

To anchor the posts in the ground, start with a corner post and follow the markings. Dig a narrow hole 60 - 80 cm deep using a narrow shovel or earth drill. The posts are installed directly into solid ground. To make it easier to dig holes, it is recommended to pre-moisten the soil.

Pouring concrete

Pour concrete into the holes. The amount of concrete poured depends on the number of pillars. To prepare concrete, use a mixture of 1 kg of river sand, 1 kg of gravel and 0.5 kg of cement. You can also add quick-drying dry cement mortar from the bag into the hole and then add water. During work, periodically check the vertical installation of the posts using a building level or plumb line. Finally, drive the posts into the ground with a sledgehammer.

We hope that if you follow our instructions, you will definitely be able to build a beautiful and cozy veranda. In addition to the step-by-step instructions “Do-it-yourself veranda,” we invite you to watch a useful video where you will learn how to build a veranda with your own hands.

The veranda and gazebo are stylish and functional decoration summer cottage plot.
But, if a gazebo is a separate structure that can be used in the summer, then a veranda is a room attached to the house that has a roof, walls and is intended for year-round use.

A warm veranda can serve as a corridor, hallway or recreation room, greenhouse, winter garden, you can even place a swimming pool in it

What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they have structural and visual differences. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes a veranda from a terrace and porch.

The veranda is provided during the construction stage of the house, but more often it is completed during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to a house with their own hands. Below are step-by-step (step-by-step) instructions for building a veranda for a private house.

1. Veranda project

Any construction begins with the development of a project.

Summarizing the experience of constructing verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:

Location (adjacent to the house):

• Corner.
• End
• Facade.

Degree of closure:

• Open.
• Closed (glazed.

By installing sliding doors for the veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.

Design feature:

• Built-in veranda (built together with the house, has a common foundation with it).
• Attached (added as needed, has its own foundation).

Veranda shape:

• A popular shape is the rectangle.
• Round (semicircular.
• Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).

The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and decorate the building. The extension of the veranda also performs a purely utilitarian function - insulating the house. Therefore, the question naturally arises of how to attach a veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, its construction requires the implementation of a number of rules.

What is included in the veranda construction project:

• location of the veranda. The main options are indicated above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing a single architectural ensemble with it.

Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then most of the time it will be out of direct sunlight. Also, it is worth taking into account the wind load in the region and on the site in particular.

• entry point to the veranda. The entrance can be from the street, from one of the rooms, or through, across the street into the house;

• door installation location. It is not advisable to place the entrance doors to the veranda and to the house opposite each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;

• size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is built. The width ranges from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.

Advice from the master. There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality execution guarantees that the veranda will be built correctly, and obtaining permits will not cause problems.

An example of a typical veranda design is shown in the diagram

How to attach a veranda to a wooden house

Any extension to a wooden house is carried out after the structure has settled. A house made of timber or logs shrinks over a certain period (the most active is the first 2-3 years). To avoid skewing of the walls, you need to wait this period, or consider a connection to the house that allows the frame to play.

2. Documents for the construction of a veranda (permission)

Adding a veranda refers to the remodeling of a house. Therefore, it requires obtaining permits.

To obtain permission to build a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you need to submit to the architecture department:

1. a document confirming the ownership of the site;
2. house project with a veranda;
3. consent of all residents registered in the house;
4. application for registration.

Note. You need to start processing documents 2-3 months before the planned construction work. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a lot of time.

In principle, it is possible to complete a veranda without documents, but when selling, renting or inheriting, problems may arise with this property. The veranda is included in the total area of ​​the residential building; the BTI may regard this as an “Unauthorized increase in living space.” Especially if the veranda is heated (warm veranda).

When building a veranda, you should not deviate from the dimensions specified in the registered project. Any adjustment will entail a change in the project documentation and the payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation” and the Civil Code, an excerpt from which is given below.

The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below

The last thing that will need to be done after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the construction with changes and obtain new documents.

3. Tools and materials for constructing a veranda

The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For wooden you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an axe, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (construction and water level), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.

Material

The economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame covered with plywood, OSB boards(OSB) or plastic lining.

A veranda made of brick, natural stone or wood has a more presentable appearance. It is important here that the material of the extension matches the material from which the house or cottage is built or is in harmony (combined) with them.

To build a wooden veranda, you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, batten), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing felt, window and door systems, roofing material.

For a veranda with a metal frame: lumber will be replaced by metal corners and a steel profile, solutions for metal processing will be added, but otherwise the materials will be the same.

A polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well in that it allows you to freely admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite reasonable. Cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm is used.

Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before work begins. Once the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.

Preparation for construction

Construction of the veranda begins with preparing the site. The part of the site allocated for the veranda is turning into a construction site. Before starting work you need:

• remove the canopy over the entrance;
• dismantle the porch;
• clear the area of ​​green spaces and debris;
• remove part of the turf;
• think over the place for laying building materials and construction waste.

4. Foundation for the veranda to the house

Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its type. The most widespread is the columnar foundation for the veranda, since it makes it possible to attach a veranda without being tied to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda requires pouring a strip foundation.

An important point is soil analysis, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda of the house. The following are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of the soil groundwater, soil stability.

In addition, the choice of base for the extension will be influenced by the design of the house’s foundation and the condition of the walls (wall material).

Having decided which foundation for the veranda is best to make, they make markings for a strip foundation or mark the location for installing pillars (supports) for a pile foundation.

Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide ones, provide additional posts along the length/width of the base. The recommended installation spacing for supports is 500-600 mm.

How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda

• dig holes for the posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (must be the same) and the level of soil freezing;

• At the bottom of the pit, a cushion is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. They can also be covered in layers, first with sand, then crushed stone or gravel;

• the concrete base is poured;

• support pillars for the columnar foundation are laid out/inserted:

Made of brick. If you need to add a veranda to a brick house;

From timber. For a wooden veranda;

From asbestos pipes, concrete pillars or metal supports. For a frame veranda.

The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the base is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.

Example in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is located at the level of the second floor).

The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.

Veranda design with large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, place the formwork (slightly higher than the required foundation height), and pour concrete. The process of complete hardening of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water to ensure uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.

5. Veranda frame

The installation of the frame begins with the completion of the bottom trim. To do this, timber is laid on the supports.

Note. The lower harness can have a double system. It is on this that the racks and floor joists will be attached in the future.

Next, supports are installed that form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of a wooden veranda is made of timber 120x80 or 100x100. When using logs, their diameter must exceed 120 mm. It is recommended to install supports at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, supports must be installed in the corners and form door/window openings.

The height of the support is equal to the height of the veranda. In this case, the supports installed closer to the wall must be higher in order to form pitched roof. Methods for attaching the racks to the bottom trim are shown in the figure.

Advice. The supports will be given rigidity by the jibs (braces) installed at the top and bottom.

When installing the frame, horizontal beams are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill board for glazing.

The installation of the veranda frame is completed by completing the top trim. It will serve as the basis for the formation of the rafter system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.

Note. To prevent the top trim from warping, the supports must be secured with temporary spacers.

Many people are interested in how to make a veranda frame from a log frame. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of the buildings and the log house itself move. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (shift). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.

6. Veranda roof

Part of the frame is the rafter system of the veranda. The installation of rafters and sheathing depends on what roofing material the veranda roof will be covered with.

From a design point of view, the following types of veranda roofs are distinguished:

Slope veranda roof.

The simplest and best option. IN in this case the rafter system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which allows rainwater or snow to flow down freely without causing damage to the building.

Note. A pitched roof is more convenient from the point of view of organizing drainage and, accordingly, installing a drainage system.

Gable roof veranda.

In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes like a passageway. This method has not found proper distribution. More often, such a roof is erected over a terrace.

The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for water drainage.

Installation of veranda rafter system

A purlin board (beam 100x80 mm) is installed on the wall of the house. The timber is secured with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.

A Mauerlat is installed around the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden extensions, this function is performed by the top trim boards. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.

The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide an overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means protecting the veranda from the ingress of flowing water.

Note. Distance between rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, and the weight of the roofing material.

When installing a polygonal veranda roofing system, a purlin board is additionally installed.

Depending on the chosen material, they fill the lathing (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or make a continuous sheathing (for flexible roofing materials).

How to attach a veranda to a house - video instructions

7. Floor on the veranda

Construction procedure, materials, methods of fastening and processing.

DIY flooring technology:

Logs are installed on the bottom trim boards. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.

Attaching the log to the harness - important point, the quality of its execution determines the performance characteristics of the floor. The installation of the log is controlled by the level.

What to make floors from on an open veranda

Concrete flooring on the veranda is cheaper, plus it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or lay linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. It is also recommended to use plastic baseboards with wood decor.

How to cover the floors on a closed veranda

The floor of the closed veranda is being laid. In this case, installation begins with the board furthest from the entrance. It is attached to the joists directly through the board.

Subsequent boards are mounted using the tongue-and-groove method, and the hardware is fastened through the groove.

How to fix a floorboard on a veranda

It is recommended to fasten floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. This gap will compensate for the expansion of wood during the hot season.

How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)

Wooden veranda flooring is one of the most popular and easiest to install. Therefore, the relevant question is how to treat the floor on the veranda in order to extend its service life and preserve its aesthetic properties.

Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally coated with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a finishing floor covering - apply decorative layer paints or stains, covered with varnish on top.

A new product among paintwork materials is Dufa “Liquid Plastic” paint, intended for outdoor use (well suited for an open veranda).

Of the transparent coatings that have earned the respect of users:

• Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
• Pinotex Terrace Oil;
• Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
• Watco Danish Oil.;
• and epoxy varnishes(yacht varnishes), which are intended for use in damp environments.

• the product must be intended for wood;

• be resistant to abrasion;

• be resistant to environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet).

It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by their service life, without refinishing, and high aesthetic properties.

8. Roofing material for the veranda

As a roofing material, it is better to use a material for the veranda roof that is installed on the main building (house or cottage). Bituminous shingles have proven themselves well. They are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Note. To prevent water from flowing inside the veranda where the roof of the extension meets the wall of the house, you need to lay a joint strip on top of the roofing material.

Correct installation of the joint strip involves making a gash in the wall of the house and inserting the narrow edge of the strip into it.

You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, the role of roofing material is played by glass or cellular polycarbonate.

Telescopic awning roofs or sliding roofs for the veranda are considered new.

). Installation finishing materials depends on their type.

It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is secured with mortgages metal elements(details). The fastening must be rigid.

Today, it is popular to cover veranda walls with sliding systems, the upper half of which is glass and the lower half is wooden.

Note. Before moving on to the external and interior decoration the walls of the veranda need to be given time to settle. This is especially true for a wooden veranda.

10. Glazing of the veranda

Windows occupy a significant part of the veranda wall area. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, single wooden windows, most often plastic or wooden. Not used aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows.

The large veranda is equipped with both opening and fixed windows. The first allow for ventilation of the room, the second - save on glazing. Worthy of attention sliding windows allowing you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.

Among the new products, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operational period of the summer veranda. The advantage of windows is their relatively low cost and the ability to quickly install and dismantle them for the winter. They make a high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its attractiveness.

Soft windows for the veranda are roller systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze the veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).

Installation of soft windows - video

A frame veranda attached to the house can be open and glazed, in winter months it protects the entrance area from the penetration of wind and cold, and in the summer it serves as an additional recreation area. This stylish addition, subject to proper design, will turn into a highlight of country housing and will serve as an effective continuation of the architectural design.

The developers propose to arm themselves with innovative design projects that do not limit the structure in shape - it can be rectangular, radial, polygonal, square, U- and L-shaped. By design, there are 2 basic types:

1. Open structures in the style of terraces, here the roof rests on beams, there are no one or more walls.
2. Enclosed verandas with extensive glazing.

The next selection criterion is the main material used in construction. Extensions made of timber (the most popular option) are suitable not only for wooden houses, they are equipped for cottages from foam blocks, bricks, silicate. In this case, it is important to take care in advance to protect the wood from fire and biological damage.

Features of designing a frame veranda

Ideally, the project should be an integral part of the original plan of the house, that is, this room should be laid out at the very beginning of the construction of the cottage. In this case, the cost of work will be reduced, the landscape advantages of the site will be preserved, and a single foundation will be created for the appropriate load. But if desired, a veranda can be “added” to an already used house from the front instead of a porch or from the side in the form of an L-shaped structure.

Parameters taken into account during design:

• dimensions of the future building - the standard width varies between 2.5-3 m, you can increase this parameter if you plan to develop a full-fledged recreation area;
• foundation type – shallow strip and columnar foundations are common. The determining factors are the hydrogeological properties of the site, as well as the type of foundation on which the house is based;
• specifics of wall arrangement - with the exception of the open veranda, lightweight, environmentally friendly materials are chosen to fill the frame, for example, OSB panels, lining, double-glazed windows and mirrors in combination with other materials;
• It is desirable that the priority roof covering be the same as on the roof of the cottage, in which case the extension will become an organic part of the architecture of the house. But often the structure is covered with more comfortable materials– ondulin, slate, soft tiles.

When drawing up a plan, it is necessary to take into account not only the planned loads, but also the creation of stiffening walls, reliable fixation of all components, the joint functioning of floors and frame racks, and the installation of supporting struts.

Materials for constructing a veranda frame

Those who are familiar with carpentry and can work with a hacksaw and an ax will find it easier to assemble wooden structure. For craftsmen who have mastered the intricacies of using a welding machine and holder, experts recommend using a metal profile and fittings.

Oak, larch and other hardwoods are durable and resistant to fungus, mold, and rot. Since they are difficult to process and are more expensive, they are used to make the lower segment of the frame - this area is adjacent to the ground and is exposed to precipitation. Solid variations are optimal for assembling the lower trim.

For the construction of the rafters and top, you can use other more available types– pine, cedar, walnut. But here you need to take into account that the strength of the frame determines the overall reliability of the building, so the material must be selected, and the harder it is, the better.

Comprehensive visual inspection– an important component of the wood selection process. You need to make sure that the material does not contain blue stains, rot, knots, wormholes, cracks, or chips. The humidity of the harvested raw materials should not exceed 12-14%, since during drying the wood undergoes shrinkage, which inevitably leads to cracking and distortion of linear and geometric parameters.

Metal

The frame is assembled using a bolted or welded method, in the latter case a non-dismantling structure is formed. To make the base, use a profile or round pipe, the thickness of which is at least 2.5 mm. If you use thin-walled workpieces, problems may arise when welding the components together; the bolts cause metal stress, which is fraught with subsequent deformations. The frame elements are coated with anti-corrosion compounds, the welds formed after assembly are painted over, then a special paint is applied to the entire frame in two layers.

Experts do not prohibit the use of used metal blanks, but in this case they are strongly advised to inspect them for characteristic defects:

• rust-eaten areas;
• areas with uneven thickness;
• cracks;
• welded areas with voids, “shells”.

Such imperfections can cause weakening and rapid destruction of the frame. Before use, such pipes must be freed from corrosion, and specific compounds must be applied to them to reduce the likelihood of rust re-forming.

Step-by-step instructions for building a frame veranda with your own hands

The guide to creating an extension to a house includes three main stages - arranging the foundation, forming the frame, and assembling the roof.

Laying the foundation

The veranda is a lightweight extension and does not require a massive base. The most common columnar foundation is reliable and easy to install. Instructions for creating it:

• the site is marked out in accordance with the project, the top fertile soil is removed from it and leveled;
• pits of 50x50 cm are formed in the corners, the optimal depth is 60 cm. Next, the excavations are distributed along the long sides of the perimeter, here the step should be no more than 2 m;
• At the bottom of each pit, a sand cushion up to 20 cm high is arranged and compacted;
• the depressions are filled with concrete and their surface is leveled;
• when the solution has completely set, place it on it waterproofing material, columns made of foam blocks and bricks are placed on top, with obligatory bandaging.

The height of the columns is determined by the planned level of the finished floor; the latter should be 20-30 cm below the level of the house floor. In this case, the roof will be placed under the canopy of the cottage, which will facilitate their joints and reduce the risk of leaks. The procedure for assembling monolithic columns:

• Formwork is installed over the pits and concrete is placed in it;
• after drying, a waterproofing layer is applied to the posts (you can also cover them with bitumen);
• if voids have formed, they need to be filled with gravel, dry soil, crushed stone;
• if you plan to use a metal frame when pouring concrete or laying a columnar foundation, it is necessary to introduce embedded elements - the lower frame will be fixed to them. Protruding plates, pieces of reinforcement, and corners can serve as mortgages.

For a metal veranda frame it is not necessary to create a full-fledged foundation; if the cladding is made of lightweight materials, in particular polycarbonate, it will be acceptable concrete preparation 15 cm high, poured onto a flat compacted surface.

Construction of a wooden frame

The following materials are prepared:

• for assembling the upper and lower trim - timber 15x15 or 10x15 cm;
• for making logs and racks - a board 15x5 cm or timber 10x10 cm;
• to create horizontal ligaments - 5x5 cm timber;
• for roof rafters - board 15x5 cm;
• metal corners and staples, nails.

Construction order:

• the posts are covered with several layers of rolled insulating material, for example, roofing felt, to prevent the wood from absorbing moisture;
• the lower frame is assembled from the beams, the corners are connected using the “half-tree” method - the connecting ends are equipped with identical grooves, and they are aligned. If there is a need for such joining of the strapping, these zones must necessarily fall on the poles;
• logs are cut in - they will become the basis for the floor;
• frame posts are mounted around the perimeter so that they rest on the base pillars, the verticals are fixed using metal brackets, nails, and corners;
• the perimeter of the upper part of the frame is tied with a beam.

A beam, the so-called “purlin”, is mounted under the eaves of the cottage; rafters are fixed to it, which at the opposite end rest on the frame. The slope must be more than 3%, the rafters must extend beyond front part about half a meter of frame to create a cornice.

Creating a metal frame

If you purchase a standard prefabricated kit, it can be installed according to the attached instructions without special technical means, you only need a wrench or an adjustable wrench.

If you want to assemble it yourself, you need to follow the guide:

• foundation columns are combined using a bottom pipe frame large diameter, it is welded to the mortgages;
• install corner posts, ensuring the verticality of the profiles;
• intermediate supports are welded with the same pitch;
• the upper trim is arranged around the perimeter, checking the horizontality of the structure with a building level;
• so that the blind walls of the frame are rigid and stable, they are equipped with auxiliary diagonal struts from a similar profile - 1 on each side;
• Logs are welded to the pipes that make up the lower piping in increments of 50-70 cm - they will serve as the base for the floor.

Roof rafters are installed at a slope of 3%, the optimal cross-section of pipes is determined in accordance with the type of roofing - heavy materials need a strong foundation. The quality of the welds determines the overall durability of the building; they are cleaned with a grinder, inspected for lack of penetration, and covered with three layers of protective primer. The metal frame assembled using this technology is subsequently sheathed and insulated, protected from moisture penetration, door and window openings are equipped, and improved with the help of exterior and interior decoration.

Roof assembly

The top frame serves as a mauerlat; hanging or inclined rafters are mounted on it. The veranda can have one or gable roof, in the first case, you need to create such a slope, due to which precipitation will not collect on the surface. It is advisable to use the same roofing covering as when arranging the roof of the cottage, also a good decision can become polycarbonate - affordable, durable and lightweight.

The roofing material is laid on the sheathing, and the components of the drainage system are necessarily installed, combined with similar parts of the cottage.

Decorative finishing

A common solution is to sheath the bottom of the OSB, and install glazing on top. If you take care of introducing high panoramic views, the space will have full natural lighting, which is very important for a workshop or greenhouse.

All decorative elements used in exterior decoration, must be in harmony with the facade of the cottage. Optimal for open structures terrace board(it is resistant to atmospheric agents), floors in enclosed areas are often covered with laminate.

A heated veranda allows you to end up with another living space; the easiest way is to install a compact solid fuel stove here. Combined with high-quality insulation of the roof, walls and floor, even a small heating device will cope with temperature changes characteristic of the domestic climate. For such projects, specialists choose triple glazing, minimizing heat leakage.

Advantages and disadvantages of building a frame veranda

This prefabricated structure has a number of advantages:

• the possibility of arranging an auxiliary multifunctional site;
• strengthening the heat and sound insulation of the entrance group;
• strengthening the walls of a frame cottage;
• a successful addition to landscape design.

The only disadvantage of the solution is that if you plan to use the veranda all year round, you will have to properly insulate it and install expensive sealed double-glazed windows. But the investment of time and effort will be worth it: this space can be used as a living room, greenhouse, hallway, summer kitchen, workshop and warehouse.

Many owners of individual homes often think about new extensions. After all, when you yourself are the owner of a dacha or a personal plot, you definitely want to do something exclusive and as comfortable as possible. Let's consider one of the most common options for extensions - a veranda. At the same time, we will analyze the methods of constructing it with our own hands.

The need for a veranda. Functions

The need for a veranda own home obvious, because it is a place where it’s easy to gather the whole family for a summer barbecue dinner, and at the same time hide from the evening rain and watch its threads through the large windows. But at the same time, I want to be able to stay warm from the autumn wind while on the veranda. It is often assumed that some kind of greenhouse will be placed inside such an extension. Hence the functions that this building should have:

• good roof, preferably transparent or matte,
• huge windows,
• warm walls,
• large space,
• close connection with home.

A similar extension to a house is sometimes also called a terrace.

Design of possible options with photos

For clarity, we present several options attached veranda. Here, for example, is the design of a simple summer structure associated with a house.

A simple open veranda does not protect against the cold

Here we see a classic option: the roof of a residential building is initially extended, then the overhanging edge is supported on pillars, after which the floor is paved. The open veranda is ready. However, in the fall, as in the photo, inside such a space will be very cold and uncomfortable.

It's another matter when the veranda is covered with glass. Then the wind will not blow into it. Here is a version of a similar design.

A veranda with glass walls in the form of windows provides good protection from the wind.

An even more reliable option in terms of heat is a permanent veranda.

The building in this case is more like a room in a house

Here the terrace is part of the house. The degree of glazing is also high, but there are also solid walls and warm floors, powered by heating the house or from electric current. Although there is still a feeling of the presence of the surrounding world.

How to build it yourself: step-by-step instructions

Project and drawing

We start with design. It is necessary at this stage to decide on the size of the veranda. The width of the building is usually taken to be no more than 3 m, otherwise the terrace will be too bulky. But as for the length, the owners must decide for themselves whether to extend the veranda over the entire house or not. Most often, a summer room is attached to only half or a third of the building.

1. Foundation. For the veranda the most a good option is columnar. In this case, they simply put several metal or asbestos pipes into the project, which will be dug into the ground standing to the depth of soil freezing. Their insides will have to be concreted with reinforcing rods. It is advisable to connect the protruding pipe heads with a grillage - a concreted tape around the perimeter.
2. Walls. There is a unanimous opinion on this issue: it is better to use the same material from which the house is built, because each type of building element has its own degree of expansion. For example, a wooden veranda may become slightly deformed over time and “press” on a brick house. If the hut is made of logs, then a terrace made of boards will come in handy.
3. Roof. Usually it is single-pitched. There is room for design thought here. Most often, a transparent roof is made, for example, from colored polycarbonate. You can use thick glass, but it is enough to simply extend the roof of the house, be it slate or tiles. The main thing is to maintain the required slope. Typically, the slope of the veranda roof is less than that of the roof slopes of the house, since the width of the extension is small. A large pitch angle of the veranda roof will lower its front part too much.

We will talk in more detail about choosing the appropriate components at each stage of construction in the process of describing the general step-by-step instructions. Having decided on the materials and dimensions, they make a drawing or sketch.

Typical diagram of a house veranda

The figure indicates the dimensions of the future building, as well as important dimensions, for example, the distances between connecting elements, roof slope, etc.

Necessary materials and calculations with detailed examples

As an example, let’s write down the construction instructions wooden frame a pitched veranda 3 meters long and 2 meters wide. Let us take the height of such an extension to be 2 m directly next to the house and 1.7 m from the front side.

To build such a veranda we will use the following components:

• wooden beams 100 mm x 100 mm with a total length of 42 m,
• logs in the form of wooden beams 50 mm x 100 mm long, each 3 m (with a margin) - 4 pieces (for 3 meters of a building, according to building codes, 4 roof supports are enough),
• edged boards 20 mm thick for walls, board dimensions: 200 mm x 3 m, 200 mm x 2 m, their total area is 10 m2,
• boards for roof sheathing 25 mm thick, with dimensions 150 mm x 3 m, total area 4.5 m2,
• floor boards with an area of ​​2 m x 3 m, that is, an area of ​​6 m2, board size: 30 mm x 250 mm x 2 m,
• nails approximately 2 kg.
• metal or asbestos pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for a foundation 1.5 m long - 6 pieces (1 piece for each meter of length of the building is quite sufficient according to building codes),
• polyethylene with an area of ​​approximately 1 m2 (for 6 pipes),
• mastic for coating pipe ends - 1 bucket,
• fittings with a diameter of 8 mm - 12 rods (2 per pipe) 1.5 m each (according to the length of the pipes),
• cement 15 kg,
• sand 45 kg.

We will show how the materials were calculated.

To fill the insides of pipes with a diameter of 100 mm inserted into the ground with concrete, you will need a little cement and sand. The total volume is equal to the product of the number of pipes and their volume. The latter is calculated as the product of the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe and its length: V = 0.1 x 0.1 x 1.5 = 0.015 m3. Here, for simplicity, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe is taken as the cross-sectional area of ​​a square of 100 mm x 100 mm.

For six pipes the volume will be as follows: V total. = 6 x 0.015 = 0.09 m3. Let us take the volume of solution we need equal to 0.1 m3. According to building standards, to prepare such a volume it is enough to take 15 kg of cement and 45 kg of sand.

Let's also count lumber. Beams 100 mm x 100 mm are needed as connecting elements of the frame.

We will have three horizontal straps, namely the lower perimeter at floor level, the window sill perimeter, and the same at the roof level.

We will also have vertical racks; according to the number of pipes, 6 pieces of 2 m in height are enough. Totally, summing everything up, we get the total length of the beams 100 mm x 100 mm: L = (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 3 + 2 m x 6 = 42 m.

For walls with a standard height of 1 meter for verandas, you will need the number of boards that will cover an area equal to the product of the perimeter of the building and the height of 1 m: S = (2 m + 3 m + 2 m + 3 m) x 1 = 10 m2.

Boards for sheathing under the roofing will be installed with slots equal to their width. Therefore, half the approximate roofing area is sufficient. The latter is approximately 3 m x 3 m = 9 m2 (taking into account the roof slope). This means that 4.5 m2 is enough for us.

Construction tools

We will need the following tools for work:

• hacksaw,
• hammer,
• axe,
• shovel for mixing the solution,
• bayonet shovel for digging.

How to build: step by step instructions

1. First you need to mark the future veranda. Relying on our own drawing, we find the installation points for the foundation pipes. The maximum possible step between such supports is 2 m. It is advisable to step back at least 4 cm from the foundation of the house and also determine the location of the holes for supports along the building.
2. The depth of the cavities for foundation pipes should be about 1.5 m, depending on the region. The holes themselves can be dug with a shovel. There is an option to drill them with a universal hand drill. It is sold in many hardware supermarkets.

   After preparing the cavities, they are filled with solid polyethylene for waterproofing, and then metal or asbestos-cement pipes are inserted into them. After that, two or three rods of reinforcement are pushed inside each such element and concrete is poured. The top end of each pipe should protrude at least 20 cm above the ground.

3. After the concrete has hardened, you can begin installing the floor. But first you need to either make a grillage - connect all the pipes concrete tape or at least add gravel over the total area of ​​the future veranda.

   If you do not carry out the described manipulations, debris will subsequently accumulate under the floor of the terrace, and the covering itself will be cold for the owners’ feet.

4. Let's consider the option without a grillage, when the entire planned area of ​​the veranda is covered with crushed stone. It's both cheaper and simpler. After filling our plot of land with stones, they need to be leveled with a shovel.

   Next, it is necessary to lay pipes protruding from the ground, coated with mastic. wooden beams with a profile of 100 mm x 100 mm, fastening them in the corners with standard locks. These locks, made with an axe, are also called cuts or notches. Their options are shown in the diagram below. The future floor will rest on the beams described.

   The diagram shows different types of locks for connecting beams; we use the simplest ones

5. The next step is to build the frame of the veranda. Vertical racks We also make it from beams with a section of 100 mm x 100 mm. We fasten them to the perimeter of the base. After installing the verticals, we line the flooring with edged boards with a thickness of 30 mm or more. We nail the floorboards to the beams.
6. We install window sill beams at a height of 1 m, simultaneously fastening the verticals with them. The profile of window sill bars can also be 100 mm x 100 mm. To connect the beams in all cases we use the classic lock discussed above. We also use screws or nails. You can strengthen all connections with metal corners. After installing the window sill beams on the outside of the veranda, we nail the edged boards to close the space from the floor to the window sill beams.
7. We make the top trim of the future veranda. To do this, we connect the verticals with the same beams, then we rest standard logs on this structure for mounting the roof.

   Important to remember! Since a typical veranda uses a pitched roof, the front verticals should end up lower than the rear verticals adjacent to the house by about 30 cm. If we didn’t take this into account right away, you can take a hacksaw and saw down the standing beams.

   The wooden frame of the veranda, in this case it is made close to the house, part of the frame rests on the foundation of the house, this option is acceptable

8. To erect a terrace roof, sheathing is nailed onto the logs. Then sheets of roofing material are fixed and the same hard material is laid that decorates the slopes of the common roof. There are also other options here that will provide an exclusive architectural form. For example, frames can be mounted on joists and “filled” with especially strong glass. This solution will provide additional heating of the room from the sun, even in winter.

   On a note. IN last years Another possibility has become widespread: it is enough to screw sheets of polycarbonate used for the construction of greenhouses to the joists with self-tapping screws. It is very convenient and practical material. It bends well, which allows you to create arched structures. With its help it is easy to create the most unusual roof for your veranda.

9. We may not fill the space for windows if an open veranda is enough for us. If it is decided that the building will be closed, it is enough to install ordinary glazed wooden frames. At the same time, window frames can be “equipped” with multi-colored glass, resulting in exclusive stained glass windows that are noticeable even from afar. Similar example can be examined in this photo.

   Stained glass windows in the design of a wooden veranda, the glass here is made to order

10. Special attention must be paid to installing the door. The opening for this element is initially laid into the project on the side of the terrace. Under no circumstances should you install the veranda door directly opposite the common entrance, otherwise drafts will not be avoided!

Final finishing of floors, walls and ceilings. How to insulate and with what

In our example, the lower part of the veranda is finished with boards. Such walls can be easily insulated from the inside with polystyrene foam. You just need to glue the slabs of material assembly adhesive. Outside, plank walls can easily be “covered” with siding; it is screwed to the wood with self-tapping screws. Insulation material With inside For additional insulation can be finished with aesthetic panels, for example, made of plastic.

There is an option to cover the space between the window sill beams and the floor instead of boards with sandwich panels or OSB boards. In the latter case, it is sufficient to use sawdust enclosed in polyethylene as an insulating material.

Plastic bags with sawdust are attached with metal mounting tape and nails. And the inner surface after fastening plastic bags with sawdust is finished with plywood.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video on the topic.

: How to attach a wooden summer terrace to your house

We have provided design options and detailed instructions for the construction of a veranda, which is a continuation of a private house. It remains to add one last note: when inventing an unusual, stylish veranda, do not forget about the building codes and regulations, and also try to make sure that even at the project stage your veranda does not spoil the overall picture of the house.

• Vladimir Molotilov
• Print

Source: //legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/pristroyka-verandyi-k-domu.html

At some point in time, you think that it’s time to build a veranda on your countryside dacha. If you choose the right materials and carry out high-quality finishing work, the newly built structure will be an excellent addition to your existing home.

You will not only have a summer recreation area with a brazier, but also increase effective area building. Look at the photo of the veranda to clearly see the design features and building options.

DIY veranda

Before you start self-construction verandas, look standard projects DIY verandas, instructions and diagrams.

An ordinary average summer resident, who has little experience in the field of construction, begins to confuse an extension with an ordinary terrace for relaxation. There are a huge number of differences between the 2 buildings.

Despite the fact that the terrace is the main extension to the house, it is an open area. It does not look like a single structure with the house. In some cases, a small fence is erected and a permanent roof is constructed.

The veranda is built in such a way that it becomes and looks like a single continuation of the structure of the house, complementing the overall ensemble of the structure; the extension of the veranda becomes an integral part of the building.

Simply put, a veranda is an additional room in a house without a constant heating and ventilation system. Although, installing the latter is not difficult. One of the walls of the veranda becomes one with the house, 3 walls are completely covered with floor-length windows.

Selection of materials for the veranda

Step-by-step instructions on how to make a veranda begin with the selection of materials for the future extension; pay attention to those that were used in the construction of a country house or cottage. Most often it is foam block or brick, in some cases the buildings are made of wooden beams.

The easiest way is to make a veranda from wooden beams, if your house is made of the same material, you are in luck. There are frame schemes made from ready-made elements; in our article we will look at a wooden veranda with our own hands.

For the final finishing of the roof, different roofing materials are used. As with the extension itself, you should focus on the roof of the house. You can use bitumen shingles, slate, polycarbonate, natural tiles and other materials.

Veranda foundation

Like the construction of an ordinary house, the construction of a veranda begins with the arrangement of the very foundation, i.e., the foundation. Of course, it will be good if you already have a ready-made veranda project attached to the project of your residential building or cottage.

Then the foundation will be made in parallel and combined with the main design of the house.

The optimal choice for the base of a veranda, like a gazebo, is considered to be a column-type structure using brick supports.

Step supporting structures should be 50-70 cm.

We place the foundation according to a pre-planned project with a foundation depth of 100 centimeters or more. The layer of sand at the bottom of the pit should be about 20 cm, then we press it. In the case of sandy or problematic soil, crushed stone is added to the sand.

The backfill is poured with molten bitumen on top. After hardening this material becomes an excellent waterproofing material. Then a layer of concrete mortar is laid on the surface of the pit. We use leveling tools to achieve a perfectly flat surface.

We lay brick supports on the foundation. Focus on the height of the flooring 25-30 cm below the base of the house itself, so that the roof of the future veranda can be placed under the roof structure of the country house.

The height of the extension will fully correspond to the premises of ordinary rooms. For better waterproofing, brick supports are coated with bitumen. The voids are filled with rubble.

Veranda frame

The foundation of the veranda and the base are ready, you can begin to build the frame of the structure for warm veranda with your own hands. We chose a wooden veranda because this design is simpler and more aesthetically attractive. For the construction of the veranda, a wooden beam with a cross-section of 100 x 100 mm is used.

At the first stage of construction, a frame of timber is placed on the foundation supports and the structure is connected to each other using a “tenon and groove” or using metal brackets.

Vertical structural elements are fastened using galvanized screws, staples or nails of the required length. In some cases, wooden dowels are used when holes for their installation are prepared in advance.

Vertical support posts are installed in those places where windows and doors will be installed. When the area of ​​the extension is equal to the length of the house wall or is simply large, additional supports are used.

Mounted on racks strapping beam, secured to anchor bolts.

Roof for veranda

The simplest roof design option for a veranda is a lean-to structure with a soft bitumen roof. Roofs with horizontal structures not very convenient from an operational point of view.

DIY veranda photo

Source: //mojdominfo.ru/veranda-svoimi-rukami/

A veranda in a private house is a covered terrace, which is often added to the house with your own hands. It is located along the main wall and is a room without heating, for a pleasant pastime in the summer season.

You can often find modern terraces with glazing; you can stay in them in any weather.

When making it with your own hands, it is necessary to observe the general ensemble of the country house or country house, maintain a uniform style and use the same materials in construction.

In a country house from logs it is better to make a summer log-shaped terrace located next to the main building.

Construction of a veranda in wooden log houses often carried out in conjunction with the construction of the main house and its roof smoothly transitions into the roof of the extension, which has a wall adjacent to the house, a single roofing material is used.

In this article we will go through step by step the main points of building two types of terraces: open or closed, with our own hands.

General provisions for constructing a veranda

Modern construction of country houses and country cottages at the design stage involves the construction of a veranda for the house. In order to save money, customers remove the process of constructing extensions in order to further complete it with their own hands. Let's consider the main points that you need to pay attention to from the generalized experience of building terraces yourself.

Parameters by which verandas differ:

1. How is it located in relation to the house: corner construction, at the end or along the facade of the house.
2. Degree of protection: open or closed (glazed) extension. Using modern materials, you can turn a closed veranda into an open one; this is achieved with sliding doors.
3. What type of construction is it made of: built-in - a common foundation with the house or attached - its own foundation.
4. Construction shape: rectangle, semicircle, polygon.

Veranda project

We must not forget, when designing an extension to a house, that its purpose is to improve the performance of the main structure: make it spacious, add beauty, comfort. A closed terrace also has the function of improving the thermal performance of the house. For proper construction The design of the summer extension must comply with the rules that are indicated in the developed project.

What does the project consist of:

• We determine where in the main house we will add a veranda. The main aspect is maintaining the aesthetic perception of the entire architecture of your own home together with the veranda. Important! Experts recommend setting up a veranda in regions with high summer temperatures on the western or eastern side of the main house. It will be less exposed to direct sunlight.
• It is necessary to indicate the location of the entrance to the terrace (veranda). The entrance from the outside and the entrance from the house are indicated. You can make a through passage through the veranda when the door to the house is opposite the entrance to the veranda; this method is not recommended, as there is a risk of drafts.
• We select the type of doors and their installation location.
• We determine the total size of the summer room located along the house. The length is often taken equal to the length of the wall along which the veranda is built. The width is usually taken in the range from 3 meters to 7 meters, the main thing is to maintain the proportion. When choosing the dimensions of the veranda, we relate them to the overall dimensions of the house in order to maintain a single ensemble of the exterior of the building.

A good example of building a veranda with your own hands, when the design is done at the design stage of the entire house.

How to build a veranda in a wooden house?

Let's go through step-by-step construction of a veranda in a wooden house with our own hands. It should be noted that an extension to the house can only begin after it has completely settled.

Log houses, or those made of timber, are actively shrinking over the course of three years; during this period it is better not to build an extension, otherwise the walls may warp.

How to start construction?

Home reconstruction must be reflected in permitting documents. To obtain these permits, you must contact the regional architecture department and submit the following documents:

1. The right to own a plot of land (the land on which the house stands).
2. Design documentation of the main structure.
3. Written consent of all registered residents in the house for reconstruction and addition of a veranda.
4. Application from the developer for registration of an extension.

It is advisable to start drawing up documents for a construction permit 3-4 months before the start of work. From the general experience of private developers, this is a lengthy procedure.

You can build an extension without permits, but in this case problems may arise when the house becomes an inheritance or you want to sell it.

The reason is the change in the total area of ​​the house, since the veranda is part of it, and the total area of ​​the residential building is taken into account with it. The BTI department may view this as an unauthorized decision to increase the area for housing.

This is especially true when the terrace is closed and heated.

There is no need to get carried away and make deviations in the dimensions of the terrace, which are indicated in the project. A simple check will easily reveal this, and a fine will follow with adjustments to the documentation. For what unauthorized developers can expect to add verandas to the house specified in the law of the Russian Federation.

Preparing for construction, choosing material

After determining the construction site of the veranda, it must be prepared. The construction site begins along the selected wall, so before starting all work you need to:

• If there is a canopy over the main entrance, remove it.
• Dismantle the porch.
• Clear the entire area under the veranda of debris and bushes.
• Prepare a place for storing building materials. It will be much easier to build a summer extension when the materials for it are selected in advance.

What tools and materials will we need?

When it's done wooden extension with your own hands, Tool you will need:

• Having construction skills you need: a hacksaw, an ax.
• Power tools: sledgehammer, hammer.
• Marking: tape measure, plumb line, level, marking cord, corner.
• For the foundation: shovel

If a metal frame is being made, a welding unit and a grinder with a disk for cutting metal are additionally prepared. This type of frame is considered the most economical for building an extension.

It will look better brick veranda or wooden. Important! Make sure that the materials of the extension and the main house match.

A wooden summer extension requires the following material:

• Lumber: beams, logs, boards, slats.
• Elements of wooden fasteners.
• Mixtures performing protective functions for wood.
• Construction material: crushed stone, concrete.
• You will need drying oil and roofing felt.
• Choosing the material for the roof of the veranda.
• Window and door systems.

In the design of an additional room for summer recreation, using metal corners instead of wooden materials metal profile is used, compositions for metal processing.

For a better view, you can make an extension (walls and roof) from polycarbonate, the panorama will be complete and clear. The positive properties of this material include the ability to retain heat well; it can be used for walls and roofs.

Advice! Materials that will be used in construction and that require pre-treatment must undergo this process first before construction.

Foundation for the veranda

The first thing you need to do is determine the type of foundation for your veranda. A popular type is columnar foundation, since it is not tied to the base capital construction(Houses). If the veranda is being built for a long time and thoroughly, it needs a strip foundation.

Before making a foundation, you need to refer to the house construction documents, which indicate what soil it stands on; you can choose from this type of foundation for an extension. Parameters to pay attention to:

1. What is the soil's ability to absorb moisture?
2. What is the composition of the soil at the site where the veranda is being built?
3. To what depth does the soil freeze in the region where you live?
4. How close to the surface is groundwater?
5. General provisions for soil stability.

When choosing the type of foundation for the veranda, we pay attention to the foundation of the main building, its design, and the condition of the load-bearing walls. After choosing the foundation, it is done marking on the soil for further work.

Advice! A small wooden veranda will sit quite well on a columnar foundation at the corners of the extension. For wide and long verandas, the installation of pillars is used at intervals of 600 millimeters along the length and width of the extension.

Columnar foundation, how to make it?

The foundation (foundation) for an extension is just as important as for the main house; it must be made of high-quality material. Work order:

1. We dig holes for the pillars to a depth of at least 100 centimeters; its depth cannot be less than the depth of the foundation under the main building. The level of soil freezing is taken into account; the hole should be deeper than this level.
2. At the bottom of the dug holes we make a cushion, this is a mixture of sand and crushed stone. The pillow can be made in layers, sand, crushed stone.
3. Fill the pillow with concrete.
4. We lay out support columns from brick when the main house is brick. If the main house is wooden, wooden beams are used as columns. Metal supports or asbestos pipes used in columnar foundations for frame verandas.

The veranda looks beautiful when it is on the 2nd floor level of the house. In this case, the ground part of the extension support is laid out at the level of the main foundation under the house. When a house with a high base is recommended, the veranda should be built according to its level.

Making a strip foundation

It is used if a heavy veranda with glazing is planned. To equip it, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the future veranda and formwork is installed. It is placed a little higher than it is planned to fill the foundation with concrete.

After pouring the foundation with concrete, it is periodically moistened with water until it is completely formed; this is necessary for uniform hardening of the foundation.

Making a veranda frame

For a wooden house, the frame of the veranda begins with laying the timber on supports in the lower frame. At the corners we apply “ dovetail"for gashes, it’s better this way join timber at corners. For reliability, nails are used; dowel fastening is possible.

Timber for a wooden veranda is used with a cross-section: 100x100 or 180x80 millimeters. When logs are used in the harness, their cross-section should not be larger than 120 millimeters. The supports near the wall are made higher than the rest to form a pitched roof.

When the frame is mounted, horizontally installed beams are the basis for the window sill, if glazing is provided.

The top trim completes the installation of the veranda frame; it is the basis for the rafters and creates rigidity for the entire system.

Temporary spacers must be used to avoid distortion in the frame structure.

Veranda roof

Once they have decided on the material for covering the roof, they begin to install the sheathing on the rafters, which are attached to the top trim.

Structurally for verandas we offer the following types roofs:

• Single pitch roof. This simple design, easy to do. Requires a slope from the main wall of the house towards the street.
• Gable roof. It is used if the veranda is attached to the end of the house with a narrow side.
• Polygonal roof. Its design is varied, the main thing is to maintain a slope for water drainage.

The rafter system is installed based on the selected material:

• Lathing for metal tiles, slate and ondulin
• Continuous flooring is made for flexible materials roofs.

Veranda floor

Making the floor with your own hands is simple:

1. We install the logs on the lower frame of the veranda structure. The distance between the lags is no more than 100 centimeters. We install them perpendicular to the floorboard.
2. We cover the logs, checked by level with a floorboard.

If you plan to build open veranda , many agree on installing a floor with a slight slope to allow water to drain. The board is fastened with self-tapping screws, the length of which is twice the width of the board. It is necessary to soak the floorboards with a solution that resists the creation of fungal deposits.

Conclusion

Some finishing elements can be carved in a wooden veranda. The placement of furniture on the terrace is of great importance; it will create the interior and add coziness. Flowers and plants will enliven the room and give the feeling of an extension of the residential building.

• Anna Nikolaevna Miroshnichenko
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Arranging terraces next to the house is considered by many people as a very attractive design solution. But, as with any type of construction work, there are subtleties that must be taken into account. If you do this, building a great-looking structure turns out to be quite simple and accessible to almost anyone who knows how to work with tools. It is not necessary to invite professional builders for this.

Types of structures

Strictly speaking, terraces are only open (this is the interpretation given in SNiP), and all closed extensions to houses, no matter how they look externally, should be called verandas. The semi-open type - without walls or equipped with low walls - has sufficient space, and a roof or canopy will help to avoid the effects of precipitation and sunlight. But all the same, the furniture will have to be placed as far as possible from open areas.

A pergola-style terrace is ideal for dry areas, and it is not at all necessary that the structure be covered with vine shoots. After all metal gratings with dense weaving are considered self-sufficient, allowing you to decorate the space both from above and from the edges. Provides simultaneous closure from outside observation in harmonious sunlight.

When there is an intention to receive visual effect graceful leaves, but do not wait until the pergola is covered with vines, and do not care for them, you need to reproduce appearance due to the thread. But you can make the external grille very rare, only hinting at the developers’ intentions. An exotic variety is a terrace on the roof. This is much more spacious than a simple balcony, and a supporting wall is almost never used, only a fence. There will be no talk about this option, but it is worth considering its existence.

The wooden type of terraces is actually not the same. Differences may appear in the size, shape, number of levels of the structure, the possibility of free access to the structure or fencing it with decorative plantings.

Project: dimensions and shape

The selection of size and configuration is determined by the size of the plot and the house built on it. Tiny terraces adjacent to a large building are perceived as aesthetically unnatural. Extension less than 4 sq.m. m is uncomfortable, and no methods will help correct the situation. The project should include a minimum consumption of concrete and ceramic slabs, as this will reduce the labor intensity of the work. It is best to make terraces rectangular in order to combine the lines of the buildings with each other.

Important: tiles are better laid on a rectangular terrace, A wood flooring allows you to vary the most different shapes through the use electric jigsaws. But again, it is necessary to maintain visual consistency between the configuration of the extension and the main part of the house.

Terraces with barbecues are considered one of the best design solutions. It should be taken into account that stoves can be very heavy and large structures, which is why it is necessary to build a foundation, possibly for the terrace as a whole. We will also have to make a good, uninterrupted drainage system. The work associated with its arrangement is quite labor-intensive and can significantly increase the overall cost of construction. The screed must be reinforced, and the foundation must be strictly in the form of a monolithic slab.

The grillage is not made of concrete; this type of structure would be unnecessarily difficult to work with. Usually it is made either from a channel, which is connected to the piles by electric welding, or from a beam encircling the perimeter and axes of the supports. In a spacious terrace, it is best to place the stove in the center, using it to distribute the space into the guest and kitchen areas. It is quite common to install a barbecue on one side and a semicircular structure cutting off the selected corner.

Frame construction can be made from either wood or metal.

The choice of a specific material is determined by the following factors:

• convenience and practice of work;
• allocated budget;
• the required strength of the extension.

Even the high cost and difficulty of processing hard wood does not in any way negate its high strength and stable service over time. These are the materials that should be used to form lower harnesses frames. To save money, their upper part is made from softer and more accessible breeds. It is unacceptable to use wood that has even the slightest signs of rotting, cracking, chips, wormholes and similar defects. The highest permitted moisture content of wood for constructing a frame is 14%, but it is better to limit it to 12%, it will be much more reliable.

The metal frame produced by welding is relatively durable. But one must take into account the fact that dismantling its individual parts will be impossible; the entire structure will need to be removed as a whole. The minimum permissible cross-section of round and profile pipes is 0.25 cm. If you take a thinner structure, welding work will be more difficult, and due to the increased stress in the metal, significant deformations may appear. Before using a used metal block, be sure to check it for any significant damage.

A terrace with a balcony always has an external fence and is quite narrow. When you need to attach a support beam to a brick structure, you will need to prepare connection points: holes are drilled in the walls into which dowels or wood plugs are mounted.

Important: placing holes with a slight slope from top to bottom helps increase the reliability of fastening, the same requirement is recommended to be used when working with wooden base. Often the beams for support are shortened by the width of one log at both ends, after which they are adjusted to the ends and attached with bolts, and the connection between the intermediate links is provided by hangers.

Anchor bolts help connect the timber and brick walls; special supports, the cross-section of which is 5x15 cm, can increase the reliability of such a structure. The distance between the supports should be 120 cm, and their use is especially important in areas where there is a lot of precipitation. Holes in the timber are made in increments of 400 to 600 mm; bolts with a diameter of 1 cm should pass through them freely.

Terraces made of foam blocks are much easier to build than using wood or brick, because the labor intensity of work is noticeably reduced. Products initially have correct geometric contours and strict dimensions, which allows you to accurately calculate the need for material and design the structure without errors. Structures based on foam concrete are for the most part created on top of strip foundations, but when the house is initially planned to be supplemented with a terrace, it is necessary to prepare a common slab foundation of the required configuration.

Legalization of the extension

Making a terrace at your dacha is technically quite simple, but regardless of the skill of the home craftsmen or the cost of the services of hired builders, you will need to register the construction with the authorities. It is impossible to do without submitting documents to the structures responsible for fire safety, sanitary and epidemiological control. The permissions received from them are transferred to the administration of the locality or rural settlement. The expenditure of time, effort and money on registration is not in vain, because in the future, its absence may lead to sanctions, including the demolition of the building. And even if this does not happen, selling, leasing, exchanging, or providing collateral for a loan will be impossible or difficult.

Tools and materials

It is imperative to use various kinds of tools during construction.

Each master has an individual set of them, but it is impossible to build a terrace without using:

• electric jigsaw;
• bayonet shovel;
• building level;
• hammer;
• roulette;
• chisels and screwdrivers;
• drill and marker;
• staples and paint brushes.

As for materials, you will need to use high-quality boards, cement not lower than M400, an antiseptic, steel blanks for structures and paints and varnishes. A wooden terrace is relatively strong and extremely reliable, guarantees comfort and looks more attractive. Besides, construction works will pass quickly, and the costs will be significantly less. Bricks, concrete and natural stone are much harder, but their design capabilities are worse; it will not be possible to realize a certain part of the design plans at all. The use of metal (steel and cast iron parts) allows you to create very elegant designs and decorative elements, but you will have to come to terms with increased costs.

Especially expensive metal terrace It will cost for those who do not know how to work with such materials on their own - and welding skills are not as common as carpentry skills, and the situation with tools is similar. The most modern options, like wood-polymer composites, are processed more simply than traditional products, and the original PVC coating makes it possible to do without impregnations that protect against rotting. The most economical option is to use the elements left over from the construction or renovation of a house, but you will need to carefully check them for the absence of deformations and for protection from negative natural phenomena.

Step-by-step construction instructions

Properly attaching a terrace to a house means meeting two key requirements: eliminating the deflection and spring effect of the floor, and also ensuring the strength and safety of the mounted railings. It is recommended to provide for the construction of an extension already at the stage of designing a home, then it will be possible to use a common foundation and coordinate the installation of different parts with each other as clearly as possible. But when the terrace is built after finishing work on the house, you will have to order an individual project from professionals.

When building a terrace with your own hands, you need to consider:

• climatic characteristics of the area;
• soil type and freezing depth in winter;
• average annual level of snow cover;
• the type and physical condition of the wall to which the building will adjoin;
• required area and linear dimensions;
• building materials planned for use.

All this data must be immediately stated in the application for designers. Usually the terrace is placed near the wall in which the entrance is located, thanks to which it is possible to use the building not only for leisure, but also as an entrance hall and as a porch. In cold areas, it is recommended to install all extensions in the south and equip them with wide canopies. Where it is relatively warm, it is advisable to place terraces from the east or south, focusing on maximum shading of the place. The prevailing winds must be taken into account, especially if they are strong.

In any case, install waterproofing above the support beam to prevent penetration of various precipitation into the gap between the terrace and the house. Aprons made of aluminum or steel with external electroplated. The foundation is waterproofed bitumen mastic or adhesive material (laid in a couple of rows). To the question of how exactly to insulate a terrace, the answer is very simple: in no way, the structure will not be heated anyway. After making the racks and rafters and installing them, it is necessary to sheathe such structures using boards or sanded slabs.

The voids separating the opposite edges are saturated with sawdust. But long before the construction of the rafters, it is necessary to deal with the base of the terrace - there is also a lot of interesting things here.

Foundation

The construction of the foundation in most cases involves the use of concrete blocks with dimensions of 0.3x0.3 m, which are buried ½ of the height into solid solid soil. Typically, the parts are placed on a sand cushion so that the edge protrudes upward by 150 mm. Then parts of the frame will not rot due to contact with consistently moist soil.

Important: concrete blocks cast in artisanal conditions can replace factory products only in warm areas where there is no freezing of the soil, or it is weakly expressed. Pile foundation turns out to be the optimal and most economical solution in middle lane on top of heaving soil.

When choosing a design, they are guided primarily by the rigidity and stability of the structure as a whole, as well as the correspondence of the foundation under the terrace and under the main house; if it is not provided, buildings may begin to deform. Racks (that is, pillars) are prepared in advance, with the help of which the load created by the terrace will be distributed evenly on the plane of the foundation. For the most part, such elements are given a cross-section of 10x10 cm, although for a large structure it will be necessary to increase the size of the supports.

Important: the racks must be attached to the foundation using brackets, since pouring concrete will lead to rapid rotting.

The racks can be made in two versions: in one they support the beams, in the other they pass through the flooring, forming fences or benches. Placing the beams on the posts can be a simple overlay or attachment using screws (bolts). The beams are aligned horizontally; if necessary, shims are used for leveling. In cases where it is planned to use not a flooring, but a solid structure made of wood, you need to give it a slight slope in the direction from the house (about 1%). By increasing the cross-section of the beams, you can make the span between the individual racks larger, that is, save on the number of blocks in the base.

For the manufacture of logs, boards measuring 5x15 cm are most often used., lay the logs at right angles with a gap of 40, 60, 80 or 120 cm - this depends on how thick the flooring will be created. The use of screw piles, grillage piles or a pile-monolithic structure is required when there is a body of water in the immediate vicinity of the construction site.

Flooring

When constructing the flooring, the logs should not be visible, but they should still be placed in advance at the same distance and strictly parallel. Then it will be easier to attach the railing later. Depending on the placement of the joists, it is possible to ensure an even and neat arrangement of the connecting screws. Or it fails - if the work was approached unprofessionally. The logs are attached using screws (bolts) to the support beam near the walls.

This beam is positioned so that a gap of 3 cm is maintained from the top point of the flooring to the base of the door opening. Then precipitation will not enter the room through the threshold. To secure the logs, it is necessary to use metal hangers in the shape of the Latin letter U. This is stiffer and more reliable than a connection made from screws and nails. In the event of the slightest damage or shift, momentary savings will result in significant losses; in the worst possible way During installation, all professionals consider the use of support strips.

When making a frame, most often the beams are attached to high posts passed through the boardwalks (since a completely finished railing post is immediately created). For a span of 180 cm, beams with a section of 10x15 cm are recommended, and for a larger size of 240 cm, this figure must be increased to 10x20 cm.

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