Social partnership, the concept, principles, and forms of its implementation are considered relatively new categories for Russia. However, despite this, constructive measures have already been taken to create appropriate institutions. Let us further consider what the principles, forms, and partnerships are.
general characteristics
Social partnership, the forms of which have received regulatory approval, acts as the most effective way resolution of emerging conflicts of interest arising from objective relations between employers and employees. It presupposes a path of constructive interaction based on contracts and agreements between enterprise managers and trade unions. The concept, levels, and forms of social partnership form the basis for the activities of the ILO. This organization, on equal terms, brings together representatives of employers, employees and the state in most countries of the world. Of key importance in increasing the effectiveness of this structure are consolidation, solidarity and unity of action of all trade unions, their bodies and members, expanding the scope of collective agreements, strengthening the responsibility of all participants in interaction for the implementation of their obligations, as well as improving regulatory support.
Concept and forms of social partnership
The literature provides several definitions of the institution in question. However, the following interpretation is considered one of the most complete and accurate. Social partnership is a civilized form of social relations in the sphere of labor, through which the coordination and protection of the interests of employers (entrepreneurs), employees, government agencies, and local government structures is ensured. This is achieved by concluding agreements, treaties, and expressing the desire to reach a compromise on key areas of economic and political development in the country. Forms of social partnership are the means through which interaction between civil society and the state is carried out. They form the structure of relations between institutions and subjects on issues of status, content, types and conditions of activity of different professional groups, layers and communities.
Objects
Highlighting the forms and principles of social partnership, experts study the real socio-economic situation of different professional strata, communities and groups, their quality of life, possible and guaranteed ways of generating income. Of no small importance is the distribution of national wealth in accordance with the productivity of activities - both those carried out at the current time and those carried out previously. All these categories represent objects of social partnership. It is associated with the formation and reproduction of socially acceptable and motivated Its existence is determined by the division of labor, differences in role and place separate groups in general production.
Subjects
The basic principles and forms of social partnership exist in close connection with the participants in the relationship. Subjects on the part of workers should include:
- Trade unions that are gradually losing their influence and have not taken a new place in the economic sphere.
- They arise from an independent movement of workers and are not connected either by tradition or origin with previously formed trade unions.
- Parastatals. They serve as public administration departments at various levels.
- Multifunctional movements, including employees, with a market-democratic orientation.
On the part of employers, the following participate in social partnership:
- Governing bodies of state-owned enterprises. In the process of privatization, commercialization, and corporatization, they become increasingly independent and independent.
- Managers and owners of private companies. From the very beginning of their formation, they act autonomously from government agencies.
- Socio-political movements of entrepreneurs, managers, industrialists.
On the part of the state, the subjects of social partnership are:
- General political and social governing bodies. They are not directly involved in production and have no direct connection with employees or employers. Accordingly, they do not have a significant impact on relations in the sphere of production.
- Economic departments and ministries. They are not directly responsible for manufacturing process, however, they have information about the real situation at enterprises.
- Government agencies implementing at the macro level.
Problems of Institute Education
The concept, levels, forms of social partnership, as stated above, are fixed by legal acts. It is worth noting that the formation of the entire institute is a rather complex and lengthy process. Many countries have been moving towards the formation of a social partnership system as one of the key components of labor law for decades. As for Russia, the process of establishing the institute was complicated by two circumstances. First of all, the country had no experience in using the system during the socialist period. Accordingly, there was no normative consolidation in the Labor Code, since communist ideology denied the need to apply it in management. Of no small importance were the high rates of destruction of the previously existing paradigm and the intensity of liberalization of social and production relations. These factors have led to a decrease in the role of the state in the sphere of labor and, accordingly, a weakening of the protection of citizens. Currently, it is difficult to find a subject who would doubt the importance of social partnership as the most effective method achieving social peace, maintaining a balance of interests of employers and workers, ensuring the stable development of the entire country as a whole.
Role of the State
In the world practice of developing forms of social partnership, a special place is given to power. First of all, it is the state that has the authority to adopt laws and other regulations that fix the rules and procedures that establish the legal status of subjects. At the same time, the government must act as a mediator and guarantor in resolving various conflicts between participants in relations. Government agencies, in addition, take on the function of disseminating the most effective forms of social partnership. Meanwhile, the importance of state and local authorities should not be limited solely to persuading employers to assume real obligations associated with the ownership of property that are in line with socio-economic objectives and state policy goals and do not infringe on the interests of the country. At the same time, the authorities cannot deviate from the implementation of control functions. Supervision over the implementation of civilized social partnership on a democratic basis should be carried out by authorized government agencies.
Key provisions of the system
The state assumes obligations to develop legislative norms. In particular, the Labor Code establishes the key principles of social partnership and determines the general direction and nature of the legal regulation of relations that develop in the economic and production sphere. The institute in question is based on:
Basic forms of social partnership
They are mentioned in Art. 27 TK. In accordance with the norm, the forms of social partnership are:
- Collective negotiations on the development of draft collective agreements/contracts and their conclusion.
- Participation of representatives of employers and employees in pre-trial dispute resolution.
- Mutual consultations on problems of regulating industrial and other relations directly related to them, ensuring guarantees of employee rights and improving industry legislative norms.
- Participation of employees and their representatives in enterprise management.
It is worth saying that before the adoption of the Labor Code, the Concept of the formation and development of the institution in question was in effect. It was approved by a special tripartite commission for the regulation of industrial and economic relations (RTC). In accordance with it, the participation of workers (staff representatives) in enterprise management acted as a key form of social partnership in the world of work.
Pre-trial conflict resolution
Participation in it for employees and staff representatives has a number of features. Pre-trial resolution refers exclusively to individual disputes, since collective conflicts are not resolved in the courts. When implementing this form of social partnership in the world of work, the rules of Art. 382-388 TK. These norms define the procedure for creating a representative office of participants in the relationship. The rules for regulating collective conflicts, except for the strike stage, are based on the principles of social partnership. Experts, analyzing Art. 27, come to the conclusion that the norm contains an inaccurate interpretation. In particular, experts propose changing the definition of the form of social partnership, which provides for conflict resolution, to the following - participation of representatives of employers and personnel in extrajudicial and pre-trial proceedings. In this case, the latter will indicate the possibility of resolving individual, and the former, collective disputes.
Specifics of categories
The normative forms of social partnership were first enshrined in the Law of the Leningrad Region. It defines these categories as specific types of interaction between subjects to create and implement coordinated socio-economic and production policies. In the explanations to the Labor Code, forms of social partnership are interpreted as ways of implementing relationships between participants to regulate work and other connections affecting them. There are corresponding definitions in regional laws.
Additional categories
When analyzing current norms, experts point to the possibility of supplementing Art. 27. In particular, according to experts, forms of social partnership include:
According to other experts, the above options have a number of disadvantages. First of all, there is a declarative nature of some provisions, binding to the structures that are authorized to implement them. At the same time, the forms of social partnership established in the legislation of the region contribute to a significant expansion of opportunities for participants in relations, in comparison with Art. 27 TK. The list given in the norm as an exhaustive list can thus be supplemented and specified by the Code itself and other regulations. The corresponding clause is present in this article. In particular, it says that forms of social partnership can be established by the legislation of the region, collective agreement/contract, and enterprise.
Art. 26 TK
The forms and levels of social partnership represent the key links that form the institution under consideration. The Labor Code does not provide clear definitions, but lists, classifications and characteristics of elements are provided. So, in Art. 26 of the Code indicates the federal, sectoral, regional, territorial and local levels. Analyzing the above categories, many experts point to a violation of the logic of constructing the list. Experts explain their conclusion by saying that it contains categories divided according to independent classification criteria.
Territorial criterion
Social partnership exists at the federal, municipal, regional and organizational levels. This list appears to be incomplete. In Art. 26 of the Labor Code does not mention one more thing - the federal-district level. In May 2000, the President signed a Decree on the formation of districts. In accordance with this act, representatives of the Head of State were appointed and representative offices were opened. Currently, 2- or 3-party agreements have been signed in all federal districts. They are necessary to create a unified district, ensure the fulfillment of the needs of the population, the rights of able-bodied citizens, the development of social partnership, and so on.
Industry characteristic
The forms and levels of social partnership that exist at the regional level are provided by a regulatory framework that corresponds to the characteristics of the area, historical and cultural traditions, etc. In the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, except for those provided for in Art. 26 TC, a special (target) stage is installed. At this level, professional relationships are concluded.
Conclusion
Some experts suggest adding to Art. 26 TC international and corporate level. However, the inclusion of the latter seems somewhat premature today. If speak about corporate level, then adding it to the existing list is currently inappropriate. This is directly determined by the nature of this stage. At this level, organizational, sectoral, territorial and international characteristics of social partnership are combined. Moreover, the latter is implemented primarily in accordance with the provisions of agreements concluded by the Russian Federation with other countries, taking into account conflict of laws rules of labor law. To clarify the situation, experts propose changing the interpretation of Art. 26. In their opinion, the article must indicate that the territorial level is a part of the Russian Federation, defined in accordance with regulations (the Constitution, charters of municipalities and enterprises, government regulations, etc.). The functioning of the institute is carried out throughout the country, in districts, regions, municipalities and directly at enterprises.
The current stage of development of society is characterized by the recognition of the increasing role of the human factor in the sphere of labor, which leads to increased competitiveness and efficiency of the economy as a whole. Investments in people in developed Western countries have begun to be viewed not as costs, but as company assets that must be used wisely. There is a well-known little saying: “Foreigners visiting different companies in different countries are amazed at how they use the same technology, the same equipment and raw materials as in Europe and the USA, and as a result achieve success at a higher level of quality. As a result, they come to the conclusion that it is not the machines that give quality, but the people.”
It should be noted that in Japan, the traditionally most common system is the lifetime employment of workers. When hired by a particular company, a Japanese person immediately learns what prospects are open to him (increased wages, promotion, receiving preferential, interest-free loans, etc.) after several years of impeccable work. The employee immediately finds himself in an atmosphere that in Japan is called “a company - one family”, where everyone feels the support of each other, and not shouting from the boss.
In the event of a difficult financial situation, firms get out of it together. And if you need to temporarily reduce wages, then this procedure begins not from the bottom, but from the top - with a reduction in the salaries of the company's managers.
The human factor turns out to be incomparably more effective than the introduction of a temporary employment regime and the strengthening of command and administrative principles in management.
In Japan, as in other developed countries, they strive to harmonize relations between labor and capital, resorting to the use of social partnership mechanisms with reasonable consideration of the interests of the parties to collective labor relations. As is known, it has long been learned that social partnership arises in the presence of not just spontaneous spontaneous consent, but also a conscious need for coordinated behavior and general ordering of social relations.
Obviously, social partnership can best be realized only in a democratic society, since its life is, as it were, immersed in an extensive structure of contractual obligations. Subjects of contractual and legal relations interact as free, legally independent partners. In a democratic, civil society, governance is based on horizontal connections - the proposal of one subject and the consent of another.
The term “social partnership” is interpreted differently by scientists. K.N. Savelyeva believes that “social partnership is a system of relationships between employers, government agencies and representatives of employees, based on negotiations and the search for mutually acceptable solutions in the regulation of labor and other socio-economic relations.”
According to the Russian scientist P.F. Drucker, “social partnership is a specific type of social relations inherent in a market economy society at a certain stage of its development and maturity.”
K.N. Gusov and V.N. Tolkunova, the authors of the textbook “Russian Labor Law”, believe that “social partnership smooths out the antagonism of labor and capital, is a compromise (consensus) of their interests, i.e. it means a transition “from conflict rivalry to conflict cooperation.”
Here, in particular, the wording “conflict cooperation” attracts attention, which expresses the objective reality inherent in collective labor relations in a market economy.
As is known, the interests of the subjects of collective labor relations are by no means identical.
For trade unions, the most important task is to achieve decent wages, improve the standard of living of workers, improve their working conditions, that is, ensure labor protection in the broadest sense of this concept. Among employers, government bodies, and economic management, the prevailing interest is related to ensuring the desired dynamics of production development, strengthening labor and production discipline, reducing costs and making profits. And although the interests of trade unions, employers and state bodies in these positions cannot be completely identical, in many of them they still intersect, which objectively creates the basis for interaction and cooperation.
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation legislates general rules for regulating collective labor relations, the basic principles of social partnership, as well as the procedure for resolving collective labor disputes. Article 352 defines social partnership as “a system of relationships between employees (representatives of employees), employers (representatives of employers), government bodies, local governments, aimed at ensuring coordination of the interests of workers and employers on the regulation of labor relations and other relations directly related to them ".
This defines the target purpose of social partnership in the sphere of labor - the development and implementation of the state’s socio-economic policy, taking into account the interests of workers and employers.
More precisely, social partnership should be interpreted as a system of relations between employers, government bodies and representatives of hired workers that emerged at a certain stage of social development, based on finding a balance of interests of various layers and groups of society in the social and labor sphere through negotiations, consultations, non-confrontation and social conflicts.
The subjects of social partnership are government bodies, associations of employers and associations of hired workers, since they are the main carriers of interests in the field of social and labor relations. The interaction diagram between participants in social and labor relations can be seen in Figure 1.
Rice. 1.
The object of social partnership is socio-economic interests and social relations arising in connection with them, expressing the real situation, conditions, content and forms of activity of various socio-professional groups, communities and strata; the quality and standard of their life from the point of view of a fair distribution of social wealth in accordance with the quality and measure of labor, both carried out at the present time and in the past.
Social partnership is associated with the establishment and reproduction of a socially acceptable and socially motivated system of social inequality caused by the division of labor, differences in the place and role of individual social groups in social production and reproduction. In the very general view the object of social partnership in the field of social and labor activities is relations regarding:
- a) production and reproduction of labor and labor resources;
- b) creation, use and development of jobs, the labor market, ensuring employment guarantees for the population;
- c) protecting the labor rights of citizens;
- d) labor protection, implementation of industrial and environmental safety etc.
Thus, we can summarize the above and conclude that social partnership should be considered not as a state, but as a process, as a dynamic balance of the developing interests of all its subjects.
The main directions of development, goals and objectives of social partnership depend on the level of coordination of actions and capabilities of its subjects, on the specific socio-economic situation of their interaction.
Social partnership can function effectively only with a systematic approach to its organization.
Social partnership as a system perceives the impact of regulated and spontaneous factors of social life and, through appropriate tools, forms relationships of trust and constructive cooperation in society.
Such relationships cannot arise in the absence of full-fledged subjects of social partnership, well-functioning mechanisms of their interaction, and a high culture of cooperation.
Rice. 2.
And we should not forget that social partnership as a special system of social relations is characterized by the following main features:
- 1. The subjects of partnership relations have not only common, but also fundamentally different interests. These interests may sometimes coincide, but they can never merge.
- 2. Social partnership is a mutually beneficial process in which all parties are interested.
- 3. Social partnership is the most important factor in the formation of civil society institutions, namely associations of employers and workers, and the implementation of their civilized dialogue.
- 4. Social partnership is an alternative to dictatorship, since it is implemented on the basis of contracts and agreements, mutual concessions, by achieving compromise, consent and establishing social peace. Social partnership is the antithesis of social compromise, unprincipled concessions of one side in favor of the other.
- 5. Social partnership relations can be destructive and regressive if their dominant basis is reliance on forceful methods. Solidarity is created and maintained by mutual benefit, not by power and force.
- 6. In social partnership, duality of relationships is often manifested, containing both positive and negative sides. For example, Western trade unions often oppose structural changes in the economy, thereby hindering its development.
Lecture 7. Social partnership in public relations
1. Social partnership as a type of public relations
2. Social state in the system of social partnership.
3. Tripartist mechanism of social partnership.
Society is a hierarchical system. The problem is that the composition of participants at different levels of social interactions is diverse and each of them chooses (makes a choice) what and how to do: makes a decision and comes to terms with its consequences. In general, participants are guided by conflicting values at the same time, which creates situations: 1) confrontation (conflict) of interests; 2) competition (competition); 3) social inequality. These phenomena constitute the universal properties of society, and therefore the task is to learn to “live together” and manage social processes in these conditions.
In the social environment there is a range of states from cooperation to confrontation. Cooperation is characterized by social interaction of partners on the basis of mutual benefit in achieving a common goal and solving common problems. It has the features of agreement, mutual understanding and trusting relationships.
On the contrary, confrontation is characterized by social interaction, accompanied by a clash of opposing interests and coercion. It has the characteristics of disagreement, rivalry and conflict.
The main ways to resolve conflicts are consensus (agreement) and convergence (interpenetration) based on pragmatic common sense, tolerance for dissent, and respect for its bearers as partners in the search for truth. One of the mechanisms is compromise as the voluntary surrender of positions by each of the parties to the conflict to achieve a common goal. This reduces (removes) the confrontational possibility of conflict development: the resulting balance of interests constitutes a social vector containing reconciling and bringing together principles.
On a compromise basis, cooperation is achieved, turning into social partnership – this is a civilized form of social relations, which is a legitimate voluntary coordination of opposing interests, coordination (protection) of the efforts of various social groups, their public associations, organizations and government structures in solving certain socio-economic problems, achieving a common position (social consensus) through negotiations, mutual consultations and conclusion of relevant agreements (contracts).
The subjects of social partnership are: a) representatives of the state - executive authorities; b) representatives of capital - entrepreneurs, shareholders, employers and their public associations; c) representatives of labor - hired workers and their diverse professional associations; d) non-governmental non-profit organizations that help meet the non-material needs of citizens (population groups) in need of social protection.
Social partnership is based on:
a) on legislative acts developed with the participation of all contracting parties;
b) on social institutions, through which general agreement is achieved - tripartite conciliation commissions, collective agreements;
c) equal responsibility of the parties capable of fulfilling their contractual obligations.
Social partnership is characterized by the following features:
1. The presence of “interest groups” (corporatism) among the interacting parties, which pursue not only opposite, but also coinciding goals.
2. Relations between the interacting parties are oriented towards achieving a mutually beneficial “balance of interests” through agreements (consensus), and not towards confrontation.
3. Civilized resolution of controversial issues (conflicts) with the direct and equal participation of those concerned.
4. Mandatory and equal responsibility of the parties for the execution of voluntarily made decisions (agreements, contracts, etc.).
5. The authority of representatives to negotiate, conclude agreements and implement them.
6. Availability of a legal framework for conducting negotiations and monitoring the implementation of accepted agreements and obligations.
This cooperation of social forces can be forced or voluntary. The latter is formed on the basis of benefit: people connect their interests and lives because it is beneficial for them. This is the essence of social exchange as an obligatory component of social partnership.
Non-commercial activities. One of the types of social partnership is associated with the activities of non-profit organizations (non-profit) - NPOs operating in the socio-cultural sphere and replacing budgetary institutions financed on an estimated basis. The activities of NPOs are aimed at providing socially significant services to beneficiaries not for the purpose of making economic profit, but for carrying out charity events, medical care, support for educational programs, and protection with altruistic motives. environment and so on. For power structures, this is an enviable partner, taking care of targeted social assistance certain groups of the population using extrabudgetary funds.
The main problem for NPOs is finding necessary funds for their volunteer socially useful activities. In this case, there is a combination of financial and material sources. On the one hand, this is a search for strong sponsors (fundraising), on the other hand, this is the organization of your own income-generating activities (up to 50%).
A non-profit type of social partnership brings mutual benefits. Firstly, NPOs provide assistance to the population and government agencies (social effect): members of the organization, when achieving their goals, receive moral satisfaction in the behavioral response of those who are provided with socially significant services. Secondly, business structures (volunteers) for sponsoring the activities of NPOs receive advantageous social characteristics for themselves - reputation, prestige, authority in public opinion and attitude towards them from the public. Third, the most universal method of state support for NPOs is tax benefits and non-tax fees (customs, use of state property, etc.).
Social partnership as a new phenomenon of social life has been actively developing and establishing itself since the 50s of the 20th century. with the regulatory role of the social and legal state.
1. Social partnership theory
.1 Social partnership: concept, essence, functions
Social partnership is special type social relations, realizing the balance of the most important socio-economic interests of the main groups of society.
The social partnership system operates on the basis of the principle of tripartite representation, which in world practice is called “tripartism”. In practice, tripartism means that the state, employers, and trade unions are independent and equal partners, each of which performs specific functions and bears its own responsibilities.
As is known, interests represent an object of interest, desire and act as incentives for the actions of economic entities. Economic interests are objective incentives economic activity, associated with people’s desire to satisfy increasing material and spiritual needs. Economic interests are the main driving force behind economic progress. Coordination of personal, collective, public economic interests is the basis for building an effective economic mechanism that stimulates intensive economic development.
Economic interests underlie the system of economic stimulation of production. This system must be built in such a way as to encourage people to work more efficiently and to fully satisfy social needs. This problem can be solved through the active use of socially oriented market relations in combination with government regulation of the economy.
Socially oriented market relations imply the existence of a socially oriented economy. A social market economy is a model of the economic structure of society, characterized by the social redistribution and social protective role of the state, the economy of which is based on market principles and is regulated by the market mechanism, which ensures high efficiency of its functioning and implementation by the state of its social functions. Social policy in market conditions is aimed at creating conditions for productive and high-quality work based on the disclosure of human creative potential, the manifestation of initiative and creative entrepreneurship.
The interests of hired workers or, in other words, personal interests imply the possibility of full reproduction of the labor force, the highest possible wages, safe conditions work, fixed working hours, secure job security, social protection. The main interest of the entrepreneur (employer) is that the capital invested by him as quickly as possible brings the greatest possible profit at the lowest possible cost.
Thus, the interests of employees and entrepreneurs have, at first glance, an insurmountable contradiction, since wage workers is an element of the entrepreneur's costs. However, both parties are involved in a single production process, interact and cannot exist without each other. Both the employee and the employer are interested in making a profit, the first - in the form of income, the second - in the form of wages, which to a certain extent forces their interests to intersect.
In addition, the main goal of an entrepreneur - to get maximum profit as quickly as possible - can only be achieved with a stable, sustainable state of the team, region, industry and society as a whole. Therefore, entrepreneurs are objectively interested in pursuing, together with trade unions, an agreed policy on issues of wages and working conditions, employment, social guarantees, in the use of social partnership as an instrument of social peace, protection from acute social conflicts, political confrontations. The third party in the social partnership system is the state. It is the state that unites all citizens of the country and, for this reason, is able to represent their common needs, interests and goals, express the general will of the people, consolidate it through legislation and other forms of lawmaking, and ensure its implementation.
State interests include economic and political stability, economic growth, high level life, respect for the social interests of all segments of the population.
Thus, we see the need to reconcile the interests of employers, employees and the state in order to satisfy their main goals.
The social responsibility of the state in a socially oriented market economy should be manifested in its performance of a number of important social functions, such as:
-correcting spontaneous processes of wealth polarization, preventing social differentiation passed in society permissible limits;
-determination of the living wage, implemented through established laws on minimum sizes wages, pensions, unemployment benefits;
-providing citizens with a certain set free services in the field of education, healthcare, environmental safety, access to cultural goods;
-creation of minimum necessary conditions for social insurance.
In the social partnership system, the state performs the following functions:
-guarantor of civil rights;
-regulator of the system of social and labor relations;
-participant in negotiations and consultations within the framework of tripartite social and labor relations;
-owner, large employer, shaping the policy of social and labor relations in the public sector;
-resolving collective conflicts through reconciliation, mediation and labor arbitration;
-legislative consolidation of agreements reached by social partners, as well as the development of appropriate labor and social legislation;
-coordinator in the process of development and implementation of regional agreements;
-arbitration, conciliation and mediation within the framework of social
partnerships. The essence of social partnership implies the following content:
-joint consideration and agreement by workers and employers of social and labor policy at all levels of social production based on increasing labor efficiency;
-development of criteria for social justice and establishment of guaranteed measures to protect effective labor by subjects of social partnership;
-predominantly the negotiated and contractual nature of the relationship between representatives of workers and employers in the preparation of relevant agreements, as well as in resolving arising disagreements.
The social partnership system includes the following elements:
-permanently and temporarily operating bi- and tripartite bodies, formed by representatives of workers, employers, executive authorities and interacting between them at various levels of regulation of social, labor and related relations;
-a set of various joint documents (agreements, collective agreements, decisions, etc.) adopted by these bodies on the basis of mutual consultations and negotiations between the parties aimed at regulating social and labor relations;
-the appropriate order, forms of interaction, relationships and sequence in the development, timing of adoption, priority of the above bodies and documents.
The social partnership system is practically expressed in the implementation of such tasks as ensuring the development and implementation of an agreed socially oriented policy of economic market transformations, facilitating solutions to social and labor conflicts, improving the legislative framework for regulating social and labor relations, overcoming the crisis of the economy and society, and on this basis - increasing the well-being of the people, achieving social stability in society. In general, social partnership is implemented through a system of negotiations and concluded agreements at the federal, territorial, industry and professional levels and collective agreements at enterprises.
Thus, social partnership acts as the ideology of a civilized society of a market economy, a tool for building a socially oriented market economy.
1.2 General concept of social partnership
Historically, the slogan of social partnership arose as an antithesis to class conflicts and revolutions, as a way to resolve the contradiction between labor and capital. But at the end of the 20th century. this term was filled with a new meaning. The crisis of three leading concepts - socialism, the welfare state and modernization in the countries of the so-called third world - required a search for other approaches. The focus of public and political attention today is the initiatives of citizens who unite in a community of non-profit organizations and social movements. The meaning of social partnership is constructive interaction between government agencies, local governments, commercial enterprises and non-profit organizations. The term “partnership” presupposes a very specific form of relationships that arise in the process of activities of social actors to achieve common goals. If the goals of these subjects do not coincide, the question of compromise and reaching consensus is raised. The basis of these relationships, undoubtedly, is social interaction.
Social interaction performs various functions in society: stabilizing, consolidating, destructive. It is the stabilizing function that is the mechanism that ensures the development of a democratic society as a whole and its individual spheres. This function can be successfully performed by social partnership as one of the forms of manifestation of social interaction. Although social interaction at a certain stage of development of a democratic state gives rise to social partnership, the latter can be carried out not only through this mechanism, but also form its own. Social partnership is already social interaction as one of the forms of existence of the latter, embodying its stabilizing and harmonizing functions. THEM. Model, B.S. The model proposes to consider “social partnership as a way of cooperation in the sphere of federal relations, a form of organic interaction between the diverse subjects of these relations, which allow them to freely express their interests in the context of the search for so-called civilized means of their harmonization.”
The key element around which or on the basis of which social partnership is formed is a social problem. Such interaction is necessary in order to jointly solve significant negative social phenomena (poverty, homelessness, orphanhood, domestic violence, environmental pollution, etc.). The establishment of partnerships helps reduce social tension, eliminates elements of confrontation and conflict, and lays the foundations for stability and public order.
Representatives of different sectors usually have different perceptions of their own responsibility for solving these social problems. But despite differences and contradictions, cooperation is necessary. What exactly can each partner offer, what are their interests? What are the characteristics of the resources they have?
The state can act as a catalyst for changes in socio-economic life and financially and institutionally support public initiatives on which the partnership is based. The state creates legislative and regulatory conditions for the implementation of innovations, the development of local government, the non-profit sector, and charitable activities. It formulates targeted development programs social sphere and combines various resources for their implementation. Using various organizational and financial mechanisms, including social procurement, to implement targeted programs, the state attracts local government, non-profit organizations (NPOs) and business.
Local self-government is a phenomenon of public life, not of state power. It operates on an equal basis with other forms of public and private self-organization, public self-government, public associations, corporations, etc. By representing the interests of the local community, local government, within the framework of its powers, provides the opportunity to most effectively solve social problems through the implementation of specific projects. It operates together with public associations and business representatives interested in the development of the local community.
The non-profit sector is currently analyzed by scientists as an important component of civil society, on the one hand, and as a system for creating and delivering public goods to consumers, on the other. Particular attention is paid to the democratic, voluntary nature of the non-profit sector, based on the non-coercive nature of conscious civil initiative. This is what distinguishes the third sector from the state and brings it closer to the structures of a market economy.
In relation to NPOs, the following definition has appeared: “a business with a public mission.” NGOs, professional associations, independent think tanks offer new ideas, solutions, social technologies, provide civilian control over government actions, and involve volunteers in their work. Public associations express the interests of certain groups of the population and put forward new value guidelines. Businesses and entrepreneurial associations provide charitable donations, as well as the opportunity to use the experience and professionalism of competent managers in solving socially significant problems.
Of course, the opportunities and roles of the parties within the framework of social partnership are not the same. If the role of commercial organizations lies mainly in financing opportunities, and the role of government agencies also in the use of power levers, then public associations form and organize a unique resource: social initiatives of citizens. In their activities they embody new (alternative) values and priorities. First of all, these are the values and priorities of groups with unequal opportunities that lack access to power and information. Public organizations “voice” the needs of these people, usually the first to formulate a social problem.
Social partnership is built on clearly defined rules. It is a social action based on a sense of human solidarity and shared responsibility for a problem. We can say that social partnership occurs when representatives of the three sectors begin to work together, realizing that this is beneficial to each of them and society as a whole.
Social partnership is based on: the interest of each of the interacting parties in finding ways to solve social problems; combining the efforts and capabilities of each partner for their implementation; constructive cooperation between the parties in resolving controversial issues; commitment to finding realistic solutions social tasks, and not to imitate such a search; decentralization of decisions, absence of state paternalism; mutually acceptable control and consideration of the interests of each partner; the legal validity of “cooperation”, which provides conditions for interaction that are beneficial to each party and society as a whole. The decisive factors here are mutual usefulness, mutual interest of the parties, self-restraint, respect and consideration of the interests of partners. They have equal rights in choosing ways and means to achieve a common goal, while maintaining independence and following the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the other party. These relationships are built on the principles of trust, respect, goodwill, equality, freedom of choice, and the obligation to fulfill the agreements reached. Formal aspects in these relationships clearly outweigh informal ones, which to a certain extent facilitates interaction, leveling out personal sympathies.
Another principle of building and successful functioning of social partnership is compliance with federal and regional legislation.
It is possible to identify objective and subjective conditions for establishing social partnership. Objective ones include: democracy and civil society, the need for social partnership, the formation and institutionalization of group interests, organizational, legal and political regulations of the state in terms of regulating the interests of the participants in the relations under consideration. But all these conditions will remain potential in the absence of a subjective factor. What is needed is the will and awareness of the common goals of the participants in social partnership, their willingness to follow the norms recorded in the relevant documents, the presence of a system of effective sanctions for violating the norms of social partnership, and the development of traditions of civil participation. The successful development of each sector is impossible without interaction with other sectors. In this regard, it is customary to talk about intersectoral interaction as a necessary element of national management efficiency.
1.3 Features of the development of social partnership in Russia
The emergence of social partnership in Russia was associated with social movements and local self-government (zemstvo movement). With the support of zemstvos (and in some cases, state authorities), the first experience of solving socially significant problems arose “by a creative union of various kinds of intellectual trends with the wide scope of young, philanthropic capital.”
In Russia, for the first time, new forces emerged that turned to solving social issues. This is local elected self-government, social movements(scientific and cultural societies, labor aid movement), charity of industrialists and financiers.
The development of social partnership in Russia was very limited, and its successes were not commensurate with the scale of existing social conflicts. Charity could not eliminate poverty and smooth out the sharp contradictions between entrepreneurs and workers, landowners and peasants. Social conflict led to the revolution of 1917.
Historical experience shows that the interaction of various forces in the public arena is a condition for the success of reforms.
As for the specifics of the formation of sectors in modern Russia, then by now the private business sector, based on business and civil initiative, has emerged anew, and the public sector has undergone significant changes associated with the reduction of monopoly influence on the production and social spheres. At the same time, a non-governmental non-profit sector began to form, based on civil initiatives in the non-productive sphere. In recent years, Russia has accumulated significant experience in intersectoral interaction, summarizing which we can identify several models of cooperation: information exchange; holding joint charity events and other events of various types; systematic support of social initiatives, including through the provision of premises, provision of consulting services, payment of expenses, etc.; development of state-public forms of management, including through the creation of permanent round tables, uniting representatives of the three sectors, at the level of municipalities or constituent entities of the Russian Federation; financing of the social sphere on a competitive basis.
However, there are a number of problems associated with intersectoral cooperation. EAT. Osipov divides them into two blocks: core intra-sector problems and problems of inter-sector interaction itself. The first block includes the following: insufficient professionalism of participants, information hunger and lack of a common information space, weak associative ties and closedness of non-governmental organizations, lack of understanding by one or another sector of the problems of partners. Problems of the second block: insufficient legal support for interaction, lack of interaction mechanisms based not only on personal contacts.
Building relations between the state and civil society organizations and business is carried out not within the framework of trilateral cooperation, but through separate, unrelated channels. In relation to business, such a channel is the Council on Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship under the government, and in relation to NPOs - public chambers (federal and regional). The approval of such a model of interaction places civil society organizations outside the field of public policy, and, without the opportunity to participate on an equal basis in the mechanisms of direct and feedback with the state, they are deprived of incentives to increase activity.
The current system of relationships between society, the state and business must either be broken down and created in its place modern system tripartite partnership, or radically restructure it so that it is able to make this kind of partnership a fact. You need to move towards such a system gradually, so that, reaching new frontiers and mastering them, you can move on.
The most suitable participants in the updated system on the part of civil society could be public chambers, or rather, authorized representatives delegated by them. The chambers are widely represented by representatives of absolutely different areas activities, knowledgeable about both specific and more general socio-economic problems, on the solution of which our immediate and more distant future depends. These people could contribute not only their knowledge and experience to the existing system, but also make it truly efficient and effective. An initiative either from authoritative circles of political power, or from the Public Chamber and its committees, or from both at the same time, can mark the beginning of improving the system of social partnership in Russia. Other options are possible, taking into account the potential of the expert community.
The dialogue type of relations between society and the authorities is a guarantor of achieving civil consent. The principles of social partnership - subject to their awareness and acceptance by political and economic elites Federal Center and constituent entities of the Russian Federation - can become an effective tool for the humanitarian reconstruction of the main spheres of life in Russia.
2. Development of social partnership
2.1 Social partnership in the system of social and labor relations
Social partnership is a way of organizing social relations based on the principle of social justice, which implies complete harmonization of the interests of all members of society. Due to the fact that the concept of social justice is an ideal concept, social partnership also presupposes an ideal type of social relations. It is characterized by: “mutually respectful attitude of the subjects, understanding of the significance of emerging problems, following the principle of compromise in the negotiation process, solidarity in defending their positions in relations of other types and with other subjects.”
In Russian labor law, the regulation of social partnership was first legalized by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On social partnership and resolution of labor disputes” dated November 15, 1991. It was subsequently developed in a number of laws and legal acts.
With the entry into force of the new Labor Code, the concept of “social partnership in the sphere of labor” is interpreted as the basis of relationships between employees, trade unions, employers and their associations, state authorities and local governments for the purpose of discussion, development of decisions, organization joint activities on social, labor and economic issues, ensuring social stability and social development. Social partnership in this period of time is in its infancy and is not able to fully resolve the problem of equality and social justice between employees and employers for objective and subjective reasons.
The situation in the labor market in modern Russia has a negative impact on the development of social and labor relations. It is characterized as follows:
-a discrepancy between the demand and supply of labor (along with labor-abundant regions, there are labor-deficient regions; with growing unemployment, there is a shortage of workers and specialists in some “unprestigious” professions, etc.);
-the prevalence of ineffective employment, resulting in the loss of qualified personnel;
-lack of a proper system for staff development;
-low level of official wages; most of the unofficial accounts for shadow side economy (the so-called wages in envelopes, non-indexed wages, etc.).
The most effective form of implementing social partnership in this period of time is the conclusion of collective agreements in organizations that regulate social and labor relations and help improve social partnership in the world of work between employees and employers. As statistics show, maximum amount collective agreements (97%) are concluded in organizations of state and municipal forms of ownership. And in the sphere of material production, collective agreements take place in organizations where there are trade union bodies representing the interests of employees. The main reason for not concluding a collective agreement is the lack of trade union organizations. The absence of a collective contractual form of relationship between employees and employers in such organizations most often occurs due to the lack of initiative of the parties and the passivity of the employees themselves.
Local regulation of labor relations in the non-state sector of the economy, as a result of the weak activity of trade unions and the absence of other employee representatives, is completely under the control of employers. It is at these enterprises that most violations occur in the field of labor protection, in matters of hiring, dismissal, remuneration, leave, and payment of state social insurance benefits. As a consequence, everything important decisions in the sphere of labor are adopted by the employer unilaterally, without consultation and taking into account the opinions of employees (their representatives).
The Federal Law “On Trade Unions, Their Rights and Guarantees of Operations” established the legal basis for regulating relations of trade unions with state authorities, local governments, employers, public associations, legal entities and citizens. The organizational and legal regulation of the activities of trade unions is facilitated by the federal laws “On Public Associations”, “On Non-Profit Organizations”, and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Parts 1, 2). The implementation of the protective function of trade unions and the protection of trade union rights is ensured by civil procedural, administrative and criminal legislation.
As a result of legislative reforms, trade unions took their place in the socio-political system of society; now in their actions they depend only on the law. In recent years, thanks to the adoption of these and other legislative acts, significant changes have occurred in the legal status of Russian trade unions and, accordingly, in their practical activities.
And so, social partnership as a special type of public, in particular, social and labor relations, ensures a balance in the implementation of the socio-economic interests of all the main social groups of society and forms the basis of their social relations characteristic of a social state.
2.2 Social partnership in the labor sector of the Altai Territory
Currently, there is a trend towards a decrease in the number of labor resources in the region and an increase in the average age of workers. For example, in such areas as chemical, light, industry, non-ferrous metallurgy, housing and communal services, education, healthcare, transport - every second worker is over 50 years old. In rural areas, every fifth worker is near retirement age. Therefore, one of the tasks is to create conditions for the influx of young personnel into the manufacturing sectors and the social sphere.
In addition, in the regional labor market there is a discrepancy between the structure of supply and demand: vacancies are mainly in cities, while 70 percent of citizens job seekers, lives in a rural area. Two-thirds of the unemployed have higher and secondary specialized education, but 80 percent of employers' offers are blue-collar jobs.
In terms of growth rates of registered unemployment, the Altai Territory ranks first among the regions of the Siberian Federal District and second in Russia.
Another negative trend is the annual reduction in the share of labor costs in production costs. Thus, in industry it decreased from 12 to 10 percent; a similar situation has developed in construction and agriculture.
In this regard, the head of the regional administration, Alexander Karlin, gave instructions to study the effectiveness of social support for low-income groups of the population. He also noted that the issue of using labor resources is key in the development of the region. This is the main thing that determines the economy and social sphere of the Altai Territory.
Regarding the issue of population migration in the Altai Territory. Now in our region the outflow of the most talented youth to megacities continues. This phenomenon does not have a negative impact on national interests. The country does not lose specialists, and they, in turn, get the opportunity to work more efficiently. But at the same time, it is necessary to understand what is happening in the region from which the workforce is leaving. Labor migration changes the structure of the population. Therefore, there are more pensioners in Altai than in other territories. And our social sphere is overloaded compared to other regions. From this situation it follows that Altai has been a generator of labor resources for other regions for many years.
According to the optimistic scenario for the development of the demographic situation, the population in the Altai Territory in 2025 compared to 2006 will increase slightly and amount to about 2,700-2,800 thousand people.
This scenario based on the hypothesis that Russian Federation in general, and in the Altai Territory in particular, the prerequisites for demographic growth will be realized through many sources, including through successful measures to improve the health of the population, improve their quality of life, increase life expectancy, stimulate the birth rate, strengthen the institution of the family, and intensify migration policies, etc. According to this scenario, a significant reduction in mortality rates is envisaged in the Altai Territory (especially in junior groups working-age population), an increase in age-specific birth rates, and overcoming negative migration trends. By 2020, the total fertility rate will be 1.75 births per woman, life expectancy for men - 65.5 years, and for women - 77.4 years, migration growth will exceed 5 thousand people.
At the same time, the working age population will be about 1,500 thousand people. (in 2006, the working age population in the Altai Territory was 1617.2 thousand people), i.e. The working age population will decrease slightly due to the general aging of the population. However, the difference in the size of the working-age population will not have a significant impact on the supply of labor resources to the economy, since it will be offset by a decrease in the unemployment rate (in 2006, the number of unemployed according to Altaicomstat data amounted to 115.9 thousand people, i.e. about 9 % of the economically active population) and a decrease in the share of the working-age population not employed in the economy (pupils and students of working age, military personnel, housewives, etc. - in 2006 their number was 396.8 thousand people).
Taking into account the fact that the unemployment rate is projected to decrease to 2% (i.e., the number of unemployed in the region will be no more than 30 thousand people), and about 300 thousand people. will account for the working-age population not employed in the economy (a reduction in the share of working-age pupils, students, and military personnel is predicted due to changes in the age structure of the population by 2025), the number of people employed in the economy in 2025 will not decrease and will amount to at least 1100 thousand people At the same time, the structure of employment by type of economic activity will change approximately in accordance with the change in the share of individual types of activity in GRP. The change in the structure of employment by type of activity is shown in Table 2.1 (Appendix A)
Overcoming negative trends in the demographic situation of the Altai Territory creates a base of labor resources with the help of which economic growth will be achieved. Here lies one of the significant risks of implementing the strategy - if negative trends in demography are not overcome, then there will be no basis on which the development of the region should rest.
In this regard, the scenario for changes in the population of the Altai Territory, calculated by Altai Kraistat as the “average” option, assumes a reduction in the population to 2,224 thousand people. in 2025, which means a reduction in the working-age population to approximately 1,200 and the number of “working” population to 900 thousand people. Such a reduction in the number of people involved in the economy suggests that the growth of labor productivity should be faster than the growth rate of GRP, which means that it should grow 4.3-4.5 times relative to labor productivity in 2006.
Thus, the task of the Administration of the Altai Territory is to contribute as much as possible to overcoming negative demographic trends, strengthening the health of the population, and improving the quality of their life.
3. Social partnership in the Altai Territory
.1 Analysis of the development of social partnership in the Altai Territory
As part of the project “Altai Territory - Territory of Social Partnership”, the Altai regional public organization “Support for Public Initiatives” conducted a social study “Social Partnership. Realities. Prospects." We invite you to familiarize yourself with the results of the 1st stage of the study, conducted in the first quarter of 2009 in the Altai Territory. Results of the 1st stage of the sociological research “Social partnership. Realities. Prospects”, conducted by the JSC “Support for Public Initiatives” in the first quarter of 2009 in the Altai Territory.
101 people took part in this study.
Characteristics of respondents:
-37 people are representatives of public organizations;
-36 people - representatives of government bodies, administration of municipal and regional levels;
-15 people - representatives of TOS bodies;
-13 people are representatives of state and municipal institutions.
Among them:
-30% men and 70% women,
-56% people aged 31 to 55 years,
-23.5% people under 30 years of age,
-21.5% are over 55 years old.
Education of respondents:
-84% have higher education, including 10.5% academic degree;
-6.9% - incomplete higher education;
-5.9% - secondary specialized education,
-1% - general secondary education.
Field of activity of respondents:
-30.4% - social protection;
-26.5% - education;
-24.5% - youth policy;
17.6% - culture;
10.8% - housing and communal services;
-6.9% - healthcare.
-11.8% of respondents are representatives of such fields of activity as: agriculture, ecology, construction and architecture, municipal administration, media, planning and control, finance.
% of respondents note that social partnership is a system of civilized social relations that ensures the coordination and protection of the interests of workers, employers, entrepreneurs, various social groups, layers, their public associations, and government bodies. 24.5% understand social partnership as the productive cooperation of all subjects of the territory’s development for its sustainable socio-economic development and concomitant improvement in the quality of life of the population. 18.6% understand social partnership as the interaction of “two sectors” of society (state - NPOs) for the joint implementation of socially significant problems and issues existing in society.
The majority of respondents believe that in the Altai Territory there is such a mechanism as social partnership, among them 61.8% of respondents note the prevalence of competitive financing of socially significant projects, 41.2% - the functioning of public councils and 20.6% - the holding of public hearings. 10.8% of respondents believe that the mechanism of social partnership “does not work” in the Altai Territory, due to the fact that this mechanism is in the initial stage of its development, which is characterized by spontaneity, formality, a high factor of personal relationships between individual representatives of NGOs, government agencies and business.
According to respondents, participants in social partnership should be: public organizations - 93%, governing bodies, municipal and regional administrations - 88.2%; business structures - 81.4% and state and municipal institutions - 73.5%. Another option (10.8%) was that respondents suggested involving the population of the region in social partnership.
Thus, respondents believe that NPOs, government agencies and business structures should be equally represented in the social partnership mechanism. This situation changes when assessing the real involvement of all sectors of society in the social partnership mechanism: public organizations - 88.2%, governing bodies, municipal and regional administrations - 74.5%, state and municipal institutions - 65.7% and business structures - 47%.
The vast majority of respondents (98%) are involved in the work of the social partnership mechanism through public hearings (32.4%), formation and implementation of social orders (31.4%), holding competitions for socially significant projects (29%), creation and coordination of the activities of the public council, participation in the public council - 27.5% each, development and implementation of socially significant projects (12.7%). Among the reasons for the lack of involvement of their organization (2%), respondents identify internal problems of the organization.
On a 5-point scale, respondents rated the degree of interest of their own organization in the development of social partnership. Their answers were distributed as follows: 72.5% rated their interest as “5”, 14.7% - as “4”, which indicates a high degree of interest among representatives of different sectors of society in the development of social partnership in the region. In addition, respondents noted a high degree of involvement of their organization in the process of social partnership - “5” - 31.4%, “4” - 29.4%. At the same time, it is paradoxical that only 8.8% of respondents rated the degree of effectiveness of the social partnership mechanism as “5”, and 38.2% of respondents as “3” and “4”.
Analyzing the changes that have occurred with the social partnership mechanism over the past three years, 76.1% of respondents indicate an improvement in the situation.
Combining the respondents’ answers to this question, we can highlight the following changes:
Systematic holding of competitions for socially significant projects, increasing the amount of funding for socially significant projects;
Adoption of a targeted departmental program that ensures an increase in the level of efficiency of the social partnership mechanism, increased interest on the part of government agencies, and the establishment of equal partnerships between government, business and NGOs;
Increasing the number of public organizations aimed at developing the social sphere, increasing the authority of NPOs, increasing public awareness of the activities of NPOs;
Creation of new forms of social partnership, for example, a public chamber,
Increasing attention to the problems of youth and society as a whole;
Improving methodological support for ongoing activities, replenishing the material and technical base.
9% of respondents pointed to negative trends in the development of the social partnership mechanism, among which the following can be noted:
The legislative framework is outdated, and changes made to it worsen the situation in the development of social partnership.
Negative trends in decreasing amounts of funding for programs implemented in partnership.
Negative information in the media.
Lack of analysis of the reasons for the slowdown in the development of the social partnership mechanism.
The presence of different opinions of respondents indicates the heterogeneity and non-systematic nature of the development process of the social partnership mechanism in the Altai Territory.
Respondents also noted the difficulties they encounter in the field of social partnership.
Representatives of government authorities speak, first of all, about the low level of development of the third sector, the mismatch of positions and competition of NPOs; about the reluctance of business to participate in the social life of the city and region. Also, representatives of government agencies note that many managers do not understand the importance of organizing partnership work due to the insufficient social maturity of structures, civic immaturity, and the lack of a clear mechanism for financing projects. Insufficient awareness of all participants in the social partnership about this system, failure to fully implement the agreements reached, and heavy workload of partnership members with their daily activities. All of the above negatively affects the effectiveness of the development of social partnership.
Representatives of public organizations identified the following difficulties in the field of social partnership:
Internal problems of NPOs;
Lack of population activity;
Complex process of interaction with authorities (difficult to find common ground), lack of a clear strategy for interaction as equal partners;
Low awareness of social partnership opportunities.
Thus, we can say that both representatives of government agencies and representatives of the third sector face difficulties in the field of social partnership. All this indicates a lack of mutual understanding between government officials and NGOs in the field of social partnership development.
So, social partnership involves the interaction of government bodies, public organizations and business to resolve issues of socio-economic and political development of a certain territory. The development of the social partnership mechanism in the Altai Territory has its own characteristics against the backdrop of high interest and involvement of various entities in the development of social partnership; the low efficiency of the mechanism is noted. This is caused by the lack of a systematic approach, an insufficient range of mechanisms for interaction of all sectors of society as equal and equal participants in social partnership and low awareness of both the subjects of the partnership about the work of these mechanisms and the beneficiaries of the partnership about the results of intersectoral interaction.
3.2 Development of the social sphere in the Altai Territory: problems and prospects
The development of the region's economy and the implementation of strategic directions will become the basis for achieving new standards of living standards and quality of life for the population and transformations in the social sphere. Increasing the standard of living is seen as a fundamental element of improving its quality.
The consequences of improving the quality of life should be the formation of a powerful middle class and a reversal of the negative demographic situation, ensuring the consolidation of a stable trend towards growth in the region's population.
The average salary in the region will reach a level of at least 35 thousand rubles in 2006 prices. Its purchasing power in relation to the consumer minimum will increase to no less than 530% (subject to an increase in the cost of living to 6 thousand rubles in 2006 prices).
The share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level will fall to 3-4%. The low-income population will be 20-25%. The share of the population with average incomes will be at least 50-55%.
Thanks to the introduction of innovative technologies in construction, production, including those based on local raw materials, new economical building materials, The situation with the provision of housing for the region's population will be significantly improved. During 2008-2025, 8-10 square meters will be built per inhabitant. meters of new housing, which will achieve a housing supply level of an average of 28 square meters. meters per 1 resident. An increase in investment in the construction complex and an increase in construction volumes will ensure a balanced development of the construction market, in which growing demand is ensured by supply and a sharp rise in prices is impossible. With rapid growth in incomes of the region's population, this will make housing truly affordable.
The achieved level of spending on healthcare and social protection of the population, calculated as a share of the added value produced, will significantly (up to 60-65%) approach the level of developed countries.
At least 50-55% of the economically active adult population will have higher education.
As a result, the region will be able to realize the potential for the development of industry, agriculture, and an innovative economy, overcoming the barriers of infrastructural restrictions.
To develop certain areas of the social sphere The following strategic goals and objectives are to be implemented:
The strategic goal of developing social support for the population is the formation in the Altai Territory of a system in which support is provided to citizens who find themselves not only below the subsistence level, but also in difficult life situations: job loss, disability, long-term illness, old age, loneliness, orphanhood , lack of a specific place of residence, etc.
One of the priority tasks of the region's demographic policy and its development strategy is to increase the life expectancy of the region's population. The value of this integral indicator characterizes the level and quality of life in the region and is determined by them. At the same time, one of the key factors in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy is the level of healthcare development.
The solution to the problems of healthcare development in the Altai Territory will be carried out, among other things, in the format of implementing the priority national project “Health”, designed for the medium term.
The strategic goal of implementing this project in the region, as well as in the country as a whole, is to improve the quality and availability of medical care and ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being.
Main priorities of the project:
· development of primary health care;
· development of preventive areas;
· providing the population with high-tech medical care.
The contribution of the education system to improving the quality of life of the region’s population will be achieved through the implementation of strategic actions in the following main areas:
· ensuring accessibility and equal opportunities for full-fledged quality education for all residents of the region (including actions aimed at preserving the network of preschool and general education institutions; construction of kindergartens in urban areas, restoration of destroyed ones in rural areas; development educational and material base educational institutions);
· providing the education system of the Altai Territory with highly qualified personnel;
· improvement economic mechanisms in the field of education;
· increasing the efficiency and quality of vocational education, creating a vocational education system that meets the needs of key areas of the regional economy.
Special meaning in supporting the main directions of system development general education has a priority national project “Education”.
The strategic goal of implementing the priority national project “Education” in the region, as well as in the country as a whole, is the modernization of Russian education and the achievement of modern quality of education that is adequate to the changing demands of society and socio-economic conditions.
The real contribution of housing construction to improving the quality of life of the region’s population will be achieved through the implementation of the priority national project “Affordable and comfortable housing for Russian citizens.”
The strategic goal in the field of housing construction is to create conditions that ensure affordable housing for different categories citizens.
To comprehensively solve the problem of housing affordability, it is planned to diversify financial mechanisms for the construction and purchase of housing for citizens with sufficient solvency; state support for improving the living conditions of socially vulnerable categories of the population within the established state standards; development of mortgage housing lending.
To ensure an improvement in the quality of life and the development of human potential, strategic actions will also be implemented in areas such as culture and sports.
In the field of culture and sports, it is necessary to solve the following strategic tasks:
-preservation of a single cultural and information space; improving conditions of access to cultural values for the majority of the population;
-radical improvement of the material and technical base of cultural and sports institutions, for which it is planned to widely attract extra-budgetary sources of funding and activate public-private partnership mechanisms; equipping cultural and sports institutions modern equipment, fire safety equipment;
-preservation of historical and cultural heritage;
-supporting professional and amateur creativity in the region, creating conditions for its development, maintaining the participation of the population in Russian and regional art festivals and sports competitions;
-development and popularization of the culture of different nationalities living in the region;
-development and implementation of mechanisms that limit the growth of the cost of services in the cultural, sports and recreational spheres (including in private institutions) to an acceptable level. Ensuring on this basis that the needs of the population, especially children and adolescents, are met in raising the cultural level and engaging in physical education and sports.
The most important area of ensuring the level and quality of life is also ensuring public safety and preventing threats of social instability.
Conclusion
And so, in the course work, we came to the conclusion that social partnership is a type of social relations, interaction between diverse social groups and government institutions, which allows them to freely express their interests and find civilized ways to harmonize and implement them in the process of achieving a common goal.
At the same time, it becomes obvious that there is a need for further scientific development of the theory of social partnership, the ultimate goal of which could be specific recommendations for the creation of its mechanism and its inclusion in the federal and regional legal space.
We also found out when analyzing social partnership in the Altai Territory that the development of the social partnership mechanism in the region has its own characteristics against the backdrop of high interest and involvement of various entities in the development of social partnership, and the low efficiency of the mechanism is noted. This is caused by the lack of a systematic approach, an insufficient range of mechanisms for interaction of all sectors of society as equal and equal participants in social partnership and low awareness of both the subjects of the partnership about the work of these mechanisms and the beneficiaries of the partnership about the results of intersectoral interaction.
However, it is difficult to imagine that only legislation, only legal norms could significantly help or ensure social partnership and close cooperation. What is needed, we believe, is not only legal regulations, a deep understanding of expediency, but also the active desire of the parties, the presence of not only desire, but also a strong will to achieve a compromise and agreement. Therefore, it is necessary to actively assist the state and authorities in creating conditions conducive to this understanding and the formation of attitudes towards finding ways for fruitful cooperation between the interacting parties. This means that further scientific work and research is required on this relatively new phenomenon for Russian reality - social partnership, especially since in our country the subjects of social interaction with the state are still very poorly organized. This applies to interacting parties in almost all spheres of Russian society.
In conclusion, we note that our appeal to the problem of social partnership is a consequence of thinking about ways and means for both Russian and regional communities to overcome the systemic crisis. We are deeply convinced that an attempt to overcome crises of this kind, including structural ones, can only be successful if we understand the systematic nature of their nature. Moreover, it is necessary to form such systemic social technologies, which is the technology of social partnership.
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The relationship of a children's public organization with other public structures of a general education institution, including authorities student government should be built on a partnership basis based on a contract or agreement. This is directly stated in the Decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2001 No. 11/1 “On the experience of interaction between educational authorities and children's public associations.”
Let's analyze the main provisions of the "Methodological recommendations on expanding the activities of children's and youth associations in educational institutions", approved by Letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated February 11, 2000 No. 101/28-16.
So, firstly, “it is necessary to emphasize that student self-government bodies and children’s associations created in educational institutions differ in their functions and tasks.” Consequently, this Letter immediately establishes the existence of differences in functions and tasks between student self-government bodies and children's public organizations.
In the first two paragraphs of this manual, we set out in sufficient detail the legal framework for the creation and functioning of a children's (youth) public organization and student government bodies. Therefore, we will continue to consider the provisions of the “Methodological Recommendations...”.
The next important provision states that “representatives of public associations may be represented in student government bodies or the school council in order to inform about their own activities and attract members of public associations to solve pressing problems of the educational institution.” This provision of the “Methodological Recommendations...” clearly states the idea that student government bodies and children's public organizations (associations) are not the same thing. Using the diagram again, we will fix this difference even at the level of basic regulatory documents that regulate the activities of student self-government and children's public organizations. These are their Charters. But these are different statutes!
Further, the text of the “Methodological Recommendations ...” states that children's public organizations and student self-government bodies can and should interact, including through the representation of public associations in the elected bodies of student self-government. Thus, children's public organizations can quite “legally” talk about their activities, their programs, invite those children who have not yet joined this organization, etc. But at the same time, when joining student self-government bodies, members of a children's public organization should not forget that student self-government is created to solve pressing problems of all schoolchildren who study in a given educational institution, and not just to protect the interests of members of their public organization.
It is fundamentally important to note that it is the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation that specifically “emphasizes that relationships with children’s and youth public associations cannot be built other than on a partnership basis.” This is the methodological basis that should determine the relationship between children's public organizations and student self-government bodies.
Before moving on to a detailed presentation of the foundations of social partnership, let us comment on a few more provisions of the “Methodological recommendations on expanding the activities of children’s and youth associations in educational institutions.”
The first fundamentally important provision states: “The control of these associations, administration by educational authorities or heads of educational institutions is absolutely not allowed.” Once again, carefully read the text of this provision. No control over the activities of a children's (youth) public organization by educational authorities of any level and the administration (director, his deputies) of a general education institution is NOT allowed. True, the reader has the right to ask: “What then should we do? Is it really possible that our children’s public organizations will have complete independence and autonomy?”
Of course not, and in the near future teachers will have to supervise, advise, support the active members of a children's public organization, help children in developing programs and plans, in preparing and implementing specific events that the children themselves plan or they do together with adults. But at the same time, it is important to constantly remember - the main thing is to gradually transfer more and more rights and powers to the children and high school students themselves, who are members of a children's (youth) public organization. Otherwise, we will never be able to obtain the necessary pedagogical effect - a truly self-governing children's (youth) public organization, whose members help teachers solve pressing problems of the educational institution where schoolchildren study.
Studying further this normative document, we see that the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation “does not believe that only one children’s organization can operate in a specific general education institution or institution of additional education for children.” This is the very basis according to which a general education institution must coordinate the activities of several children's public organizations or associations, and not just support “their own”, created from their “native” schoolchildren, whom teachers have known for a long time, count on them in various situations and etc. This provision instructs schools to assist schoolchildren in every possible way in exercising the right to create their own public organizations and/or to participate in the activities of public associations that offer programs and events that are interesting to them.
This is precisely what another provision of the “Methodological Recommendations ...” indicates - “in the context of the diversity of children’s and youth associations, heads of educational management bodies of educational institutions must create conditions for their activities within the walls of educational institutions during extracurricular and non-school hours ...”
Now let’s move on to consider the main mechanism of interaction between children’s (youth) public organizations and student self-government bodies of educational institutions - social partnership. The term “social partnership” is relatively new for today’s Russia. As a rule, its meaning is revealed as establishing constructive interaction between three forces operating in the country’s public arena: government agencies, commercial enterprises and non-profit organizations. These forces are conventionally called the first, second and third sectors of the economy.
Interaction between them at the level of the state and local community is necessary in order to jointly solve socially significant problems, such as poverty, employment problems, homelessness, etc.
For example, Moscow Law No. 44 “On Social Partnership”, adopted on October 22, 1997, in Article 1 “Basic Concepts” defines this concept as follows: “social partnership is the basis of relationships between employees (trade unions, their associations, associations), employers (their unions, associations), authorities, local governments for the purpose of discussing, developing and making decisions on social, labor and related economic issues, ensuring social peace, social development, based on international standards, laws of the Russian Federation and Moscow and expressed in mutual consultations, negotiations, in the parties reaching and concluding agreements, collective agreements and in making joint decisions.” We will not comment on this definition, we will only clarify that for the purposes of this manual, this definition very narrowly interprets social partnership as the relationship between employees (trade unions, their unions, associations), employers (their unions, associations), authorities, local governments. For the purposes of our guide, a broader approach is required.
Therefore, we believe that the term "partnership" should be understood more broadly. And as an example, let us give the most common understanding of partnership as “the joining of efforts of individuals or organizations to solve common problems and/or achieve a goal that is significant for all.” This definition can be used in the education system and, based on it, a program of interaction based on social partnership can be developed.
Therefore, it is necessary to use a broader view of social partnership as a way of solving a social problem, which:
provides for interaction between representatives of all 3 sectors acting together;
implies an understanding of the joint benefit of each party (and for society as a whole);
is based on rules developed and accepted by the participants themselves;
is based on a sense of solidarity and responsibility of each participant.
In this manual we use the most comprehensive definition of social partnership. So, “social partnership is a real interaction between two or more equal parties (individuals and/or organizations) based on an agreement signed certain time agreements in order to resolve a specific issue (social problem), which in some way does not satisfy one or more parties and which is more effectively resolved by combining resources (material, financial, human, etc.) and organizational efforts until the intended (desired) is achieved a result that is acceptable to all parties to the agreement."
Let us consider in detail each of the main provisions of this definition.
Firstly, the real interaction of several partners, that is, children's public organizations and student self-government bodies can only interact with each other or with the involvement of third parties (organizations, authorities, institutions, etc.). In addition, pay attention, especially from a pedagogical point of view, to the reality of this interaction; these should be real practical matters aimed at satisfying the interests of the parties involved in the interaction process.
Secondly, the partnership must be in writing. This could be as simple as an agreement about a proposed social action or a broader event that is being held on an ongoing basis. We understand perfectly well that it is easier for teachers to “organize and conduct an event” than to deal with the registration of actually carried out activities and social events. But precisely, from the point of view of pedagogical effect, schoolchildren need to be gradually prepared to formalize all joint actions and events in writing. A sample of such an agreement is provided in the Appendices.
Thirdly, the contract or agreement on social partnership must have a clear time frame, that is, the start date and end date of the partnership. This approach disciplines the participants and helps them navigate the signed obligations.
Fourthly, this is a fundamentally important characteristic of social partnership, which is formalized “in order to solve a specific issue (social problem), which in some way does not satisfy one or more parties and which is more effectively resolved by combining resources (material, financial, human, etc.) .d.) and organizational efforts...". It is this provision that should become central - that is, it is important to determine the social problem that the “contracting parties” are going to work on. And further, social partnership involves combining the efforts of both a children's public organization and student self-government bodies. In our case - human, organizational, material (for example, holding one or another event within the walls of one’s own school). But under certain conditions, unification is quite possible financial resources. In order for each party to understand what its contribution will be (human, organizational, material, financial), it is necessary to record their relationship in writing.
And finally, fifthly, the social partnership agreement is considered completed if the result intended by both parties is achieved, and at the same time, a result that is acceptable to all parties to the agreement.
A careful reading of the definition of social partnership allows us to realize that, on the one hand, this is a fairly serious technology that requires significant preliminary efforts on the part of its organizers, but, on the other hand, it brings a very significant social, and even more important, pedagogical effect.
Let us briefly outline the basic principles of social partnership:
respect and consideration of the interests of the parties to the agreement;
the interest of the contracting parties in participating in contractual relations;
compliance by social partners with the laws of the Russian Federation and other regulations that guide the partners;
the presence of appropriate powers of social partners and their representatives during negotiations and during the signing of a partnership agreement;
equality and trust of the parties entering into social partnership relations;
non-interference in each other’s affairs, which means that neither the children’s public organization nor the student government bodies have the right to interfere in each other’s internal affairs;
freedom of choice and discussion of issues within the scope of social partnership;
voluntary acceptance of obligations by social partners on the basis of mutual agreement;
regularity of consultations and negotiations on issues within the scope of social partnership;
the reality of ensuring the obligations assumed by the partners, that is, the object of the partnership agreement should only be events that are provided with their own funds and resources;
mandatory implementation of the agreements reached;
systematic monitoring of the implementation of agreements, contracts and decisions adopted within the framework of the social partnership by each of the parties that signed the agreement;
responsibility of the parties for failure to fulfill, through their fault, accepted obligations, agreements, contracts, decisions;
compliance with the conciliation procedures provided for by current legislation when resolving disputes.
Even a simple listing of these principles of social partnership indicates that this social technology a very, very complex phenomenon. And yet, we can recommend it for use in the education system specifically in working with children's public organizations and student government bodies. Despite the complexity of organizing a social partnership, the results that the parties receive many times exceed the pedagogical and organizational “costs”.
The term “social partnership in education”, as well as the activity itself, received full recognition in modern Russia several years ago.
Social partnership in education:
attracts public resources for the development of the educational sphere;
helps direct educational resources to the development of joint activities of any educational institution, its social self-organization and self-government, regardless of its type and type;
helps to accumulate and transfer life experience of both the educational community and its partners to develop among community members the ability to survive in the educational services market;
allows you to act effectively and successfully, keeping in mind a priority perspective common to all social partners;
is able to effectively coordinate joint activities with a clear understanding of the degree of responsibility of each partner;
allows assistance to be provided to community members in need;
ensure that partners, while remaining different from others, recognize the differences of individuals and organizations.
Let us briefly list the conditions necessary for the implementation of a successful social partnership:
development of organizational culture of partners and culture of partnership relations;
a formed strategy of organizations (institutions), which presupposes partnerships;
humanitarian component of the content of the partnership;
an effective control system, including in the field of financing;
wide Information Support activities;
functioning of the self-development mechanism of partner organizations.
When using social partnership technology in working with children's (youth) public organizations and student self-government bodies, the above conditions should be taken into account, naturally, with a certain pedagogical adaptation of each of them.
Firstly, it is adults who will have to systematically develop the foundations of organizational culture, develop partnership skills, creating appropriate situations for this, organizing practice, including in the field of real social interaction with various partners.
Secondly, the task of adults is to develop a strategy for the development of an educational institution or children's public organization with the prospect of including children and older schoolchildren in real partnerships. But at the same time, it is important to understand that schoolchildren themselves must gradually learn to develop a strategy for the development of their children's public organization and/or student self-government.
Thirdly, in no case should the “humanitarian component of the content of social partnership” be ignored. This is all the more important when it comes to including school-age children in social partnerships. For them, participation in social partnership should become a school of humanism and practical assistance to those who need the support of the young and strong.
Now let’s move on to presenting the main components of the social partnership strategy, which are:
partnership thinking;
mutual complement;
share;
variety of forms of association of partnership entities;
gradual use of partnership technologies.
Let's take a closer look at each of these components.
1. Partnership thinking. Partnership thinking is the habit of seeing the best in a person, a respectful attitude towards other people's opinions, the desire to understand another, the desire and ability to build social relationships. The main thing in a partnership is not to receive, but to plan what you are able to give to those who need your help and support. Being a partner means: sharing the ideas of those with whom you agree on joint activities, taking an active part in the joint activities planned and formalized by the appropriate agreement, independently choosing the type of this activity, fulfilling the obligations assumed.
To be a partner means to be able to take on specific obligations, providing them with available resources, to carry out constant communication with partners who share the same ideas and have begun to implement the planned plan.
2. Mutual complementarity, or the “principle of mutual complementarity” in partnerships means that within the framework of joint activities to achieve best result everyone must do what they do better than others. If a children's (youth) public organization has developed relations with the public of a given municipality, if it has the opportunity to directly contact the media, then it can offer to carry out exactly this direction within the framework of the proposed social partnership agreement. Then student self-government bodies, as partners signing a partnership agreement, must offer for their part some type of activity in which they have already “succeeded,” for example, their own website for posting the necessary information.
Such an association based on the principle of “mutual complementarity” significantly increases the effectiveness of social partnership. In a broader sense, following this principle, it is necessary to build relationships like:
- children's (youth) public organizations and student self-government bodies - business structures at various levels,
- children's (youth) public organizations and student government bodies government agencies various profiles,
- children's (youth) public organizations and student government bodies - local government bodies, including education departments (departments),
- children's (youth) public organizations and student self-government bodies - public organizations of various types and types.
Despite the apparent obviousness, implementing this approach in practice requires significant effort. And, as a rule, it is associated with the need to abandon the usual patterns of work, established stereotypes, and is associated with overcoming, or rather “coordinating” the personal ambitions of leaders of youth public organizations and activists of student self-government. By adopting this principle, many partners from student government bodies can, in cooperation with children's public organizations, open up new opportunities both for themselves and for potential partners. It is this model that allows many public organizations to correctly navigate their activities.
3. Equity participation in joint partnership activities involves pooling resources in order to obtain a synergistic effect of a result that cannot be obtained outside of the partnership. Everyone contributes what they have. And, first of all, these are human resources, then finances, material resources, information, etc. If, for example, a children's (youth) public organization has effective socio-psychological training programs for training leaders and has competent trainers in its ranks, then it can offer this resource to student self-government bodies. And student self-government, having the necessary material resource - the premises of the school, including its assembly hall, can make its partner contribution in “kind”.
Equity participation is fundamentally important for the implementation of social partnership technology, since partnership presupposes, first of all, equality of the parties, with each agreeing to contribute its own available resource or several resources within the framework of the signed agreement. Firstly, it emphasizes the equality of partners, each of whom has a certain independence and availability of resources, which makes them self-sufficient. Secondly, by signing partnership agreements, the parties thereby assume certain obligations, including providing resources for the event that is the object of the agreement.
4. A variety of forms of association of partnership entities. Several types of subjects participate or can participate in social partnership: state and municipal government bodies, non-governmental non-profit organizations, commercial enterprises, budgetary organizations, and finally, just citizens, and in our case, children's (youth) public organizations and student self-government bodies. The degree of their interaction can be different, ranging from the exchange of information to the formation of joint partnerships - individuals and legal entities, whose specially organized activities are aimed at the socio-economic development of the city, school, etc.
The forms of combining the efforts of partnership subjects can be very diverse and significantly depend on specific conditions and local initiatives. It is strategically important to understand and, most importantly, to accept this diversity and initially abandon attempts to use uniform schemes and “proven” solutions. At the same time, it is important to understand that the basis of the partnership is people, their participation in solving social problems, and the goal is to improve the quality of their lives.
So, social partnership is not simple cooperation, where the main approach is the benefit of the partners (“You give me, I give you”, especially for business), it always has a third component - a social problem, the solution of which social partnership is aimed at!! !
Social partnership is not charity or patronage, that is, the manifestation of mercy, patronage, guardianship, patronage, intercession, guardianship - this is personal active work to solve identified social problems!!!
Social partnership is a special type of social practice, the main goal of which is the development of the local community through solving specific social problems real people and their communities on their own on their own initiative, including on the initiative of activists of children's (youth) public organizations and associations and leaders of student self-government.
As an example of a real social partnership with the participation of a student government body and a children's public association, we present the text of the “Agreement on Cooperation and Interaction.”
"Agreement on Cooperation and Interaction"
The city student self-government body "School Asset of the City", represented by the chairman, on the one hand, and the children's youth association "Young Traffic Inspector", represented by the head, on the other hand, entered into this agreement.
Guided by the principle of openness to cooperation, recognizing that the expansion of mutually beneficial co-creation meets the interests of all participants in the social space and, if the parties wish to create appropriate organizational, economic, legal and other necessary conditions for this, the parties take the initiative to conclude the following agreement:
1. General Provisions
1.1. The agreement is concluded for the purpose of mutually beneficial cooperation in the development of public youth movements and initiatives.
1.2. The agreement is the basis for the development of any joint initiatives, projects and programs, the operation of which is regulated by this agreement and additional agreements.
2. Objectives of cooperation
2.1. To create a unified social space for the implementation of children's and youth initiatives.
2.2. Provide informational, organizational, and activity support for youth initiatives within the interests of the parties.
2.3. Create conditions for the implementation of new relevant social projects.
3. Main directions of joint activities
3.1. Development of programs, projects, individual events for joint implementation.
3.2. Participation in seminars, round tables, conferences, competitions and other events of an advisory nature.
3.3. Using the partner's capabilities to expand the information field.
3.4. Strengthening the positive image of the parties.
4. Relations between the parties
4.1. The parties have the right to initiate the participation of the other party in their own events on agreed terms (as co-organizers, participants, consultants, observers, experts).
4.2. The parties undertake to constantly exchange information about current activities and plans.
5. Additional terms
5.1. This agreement does not entail financial obligations.
5.2. Any financial relationship is regulated by separate agreements.
5.3. If new circumstances arise during the cooperation process, the parties have the right to make additions to this agreement.
5.4. The agreement comes into force from the moment of signing and is valid for 3 years.
5.5. This agreement is drawn up in 2 copies and is kept by the Parties.
1. Questions
1. How do you understand the term “social partnership”?
2. Name the basic principles of social partnership that must be taken into account when using this technology when working with children's (youth) public organizations and student government activists.
3. What does the concept of “partnership thinking” mean? Why does it largely determine the meaning of social partnership?
2. Tasks
Task No. 1. Organize a search for objects in the area of your educational institution, residential neighborhood, which can become the basis for social partnership. Based on the above “Agreement on Cooperation and Interaction”, draw up your version taking into account the specifics of the found object.
Task No. 2. Think about the resources of your children's (youth) public organization or student government that you can offer to implement the social partnership agreement, since one of the leading components is “Share participation in ensuring joint partnership activities.” What can we offer on our part to interest our partners?
3. Workshops
Workshop No. 1. Study the text of the Cooperation Agreement between the Council of the City of Masters and the Council of Elders. It can be used as a template for the preparation of such agreements by your children's (youth) public organization with various social partners.
Agreement on cooperation between the Council of the City of Masters and the Council of Elders
Children's public organization "City of Masters" represented by the Council of the City of Masters, acting on the basis of the Charter, on the one hand, and the Council of Elders, consisting of representatives of the pedagogical and methodological communities of the GOUDOD "Computer Center for Technical Creativity" (CCTT), acting on the basis of the Charter, with the other parties, which are hereinafter understood as parties to the Agreement, have entered into this Agreement as follows:
1. The Subject of the Agreement.
1.1. This Agreement was concluded between the Parties with the aim of establishing mutually beneficial cooperation in creating conditions for the realization of the right to independently manage one’s own life.
1.2. The Council of the City of Masters assumes the following responsibilities:
make proposals to improve the lives of City citizens on the territory of the CCTT;
create favorable conditions for the development of self-government;
inform about the activities of the City Council, about the life of citizens of the City of Masters.
1.3. The Council of Elders undertakes to:
actively promote the activities of the Council of the City of Masters;
advise members of the City Council on legal and other issues;
provide assistance in organizing and conducting various actions, affairs, events;
take into account the opinion of the Council of the City of Masters when organizing the educational process.
1.4. This Agreement may be a prerequisite for concluding, if the Parties deem it necessary, additional agreements or contracts related to improving conditions for the development of children and youth self-government.
2. Duration of the Agreement.
2.1. This Agreement comes into force from the moment of its signing, has an indefinite duration and can be terminated at any time by the decision of at least one of the Parties. In this case, the Party that decides to terminate the Agreement undertakes to notify the other Party about this in writing. If within 30 days after sending the specified message the Party initiating the termination of the Agreement does not change its decision, then the Agreement is considered terminated. This Agreement cannot be terminated if there are currently other Agreements or Contracts in force between the Parties, concluded on the basis of this Agreement or referring to it.
3. Other conditions.
3.1. The parties have the right to enter into any agreements, contracts and agreements with other legal entities. If the subject of the agreement, contract, agreement with a third party is related to the Subject of this Agreement, then the initiating Party is obliged to inform the other Party about this.
3.2. The Parties undertake to maintain the confidentiality of information received from each other during the exchange of information under this Agreement, as well as in the course of performing specific work.
3.3. The partners undertake to satisfy claims against each other as soon as possible and resolve all disputes through negotiations, guided by the principle of mutual respect and mutually beneficial equal cooperation.
3.4. Issues not regulated in this Agreement are regulated by the norms of the current Russian legislation.
3.5. The agreement is drawn up in two copies, one for each party. Both copies have equal strength.
3.6. To carry out contacts between the Parties and resolve current issues under this Agreement, the following representatives of the Parties have been identified.
Practice No. 2. Read the Regulations below. Determine what it is: a children's public organization or a student government body? What can you advise the authors of the document so that it adopts a form that complies with one of the laws “On Public Associations” or the Law “On Education”?
Regulations on the Children's Association "Senior School" Municipal Educational Institution Gymnasium No. 10
This Regulation has been developed on the basis of the following documents:
Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Conceptual provisions approved by the board of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated April 14, 1993 No. 6\1;
Regulations "On the support of children's educational organizations in the Russian Federation" dated 05.05.96 No. 12\1;
"Main directions and action plan for the implementation of the program for the development of education in the Russian education system for 2002-2004" dated January 25, 2002 No. 193;
Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "On strengthening educational work with children and youth" dated 04/01/2002 No. 30-51-221/20;
State program of patriotic education of Russian citizens (2005 - 2009).
1. General position: The children's association “Senior School” is a voluntary formation of children in grades 8-11 and adults for joint activities that satisfy their social needs and interests. The children's association "Senior School" of Municipal Educational Institution Gymnasium No. 10 is part of the regional organization "Union of Children's Associations" of the Kirov District.
2. The purpose of the association: To form in students the foundations of civil law and political culture, the foundations of an active life position, and the ability for civil self-government through the introduction of personality-oriented technologies into the educational process.
3. Objectives of the children's association:
Continue work to create a unified civil legal educational space through a system of self-government;
To promote the development of an independent creative personality through a system of differentiation and individualization of the educational process.
4. Structure and main directions of content of the association’s activities.
The work is led by the Presidential Council (commanders of grades 8-11, social activists, members of the city youth public organization "City Youth", members of the regional public organization "Participation").
The Presidential Council is headed by the President. The president:
must be aware of the affairs of the gymnasium and always, by example, involve others in the organization of all events;
has the right to personally attend all administrative meetings and have a casting vote;
is a member of the jury of all events, except those in which he takes part;
together with the department of education and the Presidential Council, monitors all the affairs of the gymnasium;
takes part in planning educational work in the gymnasium and adjusting it throughout the year.
Presidential Council:
performs the functions of a jury in the development of conflicts and complaints;
has the right to involve any child in his work if necessary;
takes part in planning educational work in the gymnasium.
There are five ministries under the Presidential Council:
Ministry for the Development of Interest in Cognition and Creativity.
Ministry of Patriotic Education.
Ministry of Environmental Education.
Ministry healthy image life.
Ministry of Leisure.
5. The procedure for initiation into “Senior School Students”.
Students of gymnasium No. 10, starting from the 8th grade, can become members of the children's association. Students are admitted to membership in the children's association at the "Senior School Initiation" celebration in the first week of October every year.
The procedure for leaving a children's association is carried out voluntarily on the basis of an oral statement.
Attributes.
Motto: Burn yourself and light up others.
Symbolism: the name "High School Student".
Emblem: A free person, carrying the ideas of friendship, peace and goodness. Colors: blue, white, red, green.
Traditions: Teacher's Day, Autumn Ball, Health Day, Fair, Maslenitsa, Honors Ball, Miss Gymnasium, Last call, Prom.
6. Rights of high school students: Members of the association have the right:
enter and leave the association during the academic year;
demand humane treatment from other members of the association;
participate in the preparation and conduct of school-wide affairs;
defend your opinion when discussing scenario plans, regulations, business plans, etc.
participate in meetings of the large Council, meetings with the director and deputy director for educational work, where issues related to the life of high school students are discussed;
hold events within the association and take part in them.
Members of the association do not have the right:
humiliate the dignity, ridicule the weaknesses of other people;
consider yourself in a privileged position compared to students who are not part of the association.
7. Responsibilities of high school students:
observe and fulfill the uniform requirements of gymnasium students;
implement decisions of governing bodies;
set an example of proper appearance;
be disciplined to maintain general order in the school.
8. Organization of the work of the children's association. The activities of the association are based on the principles of openness, equality, and self-government. The assigned tasks are implemented through the work of the Presidential Council and the “Business Game”. Through a business game, self-government develops in a team of students.
Self-government ensures the involvement of students in solving significant problems, forms social activity, promotes leadership development. As a result of children's self-government, students independently:
define the problem;
looking for ways to solve it;
make decisions;
organize their activities to implement it.
9. Documentation of the association: development program of the educational institution; educational program "Chance"; regulations on children's association; legislative acts; minutes of meetings; work plan; print organ "Big Change"; self-government corner; Declaration of rights and standards of behavior for students.
10. Expected results: To prepare leaders of the youth movement from among the children's activists, to form in students the foundations of civil law and political culture, to educate a citizen who lives in the interests of the planet, a patriot of the Motherland.