Using solid wood in the manufacture of furniture or interior items can be quite expensive. An alternative in the form of furniture panels significantly reduces the cost of production, despite the fact that the product will be based on environmentally friendly raw materials High Quality. An element such as a furniture panel has different sizes, depending on the production method, so choosing the material suitable for your purposes is not difficult. This type of material is used for the manufacture of decorative interior parts, door leaves, window sills, countertops, stairs, garden furniture, cabinet and modular. For furniture panels, GOST standards for processing wood raw materials are applied. A furniture board can be considered composite material, similar to plywood or chipboard, provided that the latter were made from valuable wood species. The structure and properties of the product are very multifaceted. The most popular products on the market are products based on pine, spruce, oak, ash, and birch.
To choose the right material for further work, you need to have an idea of the characteristics. Furniture panels - you can also find the name “furniture board” - are divided into 2 large groups:
- solid lamella boards - characterized by the fact that the lamellas cut from the board are selected in one piece for the entire length of the finished product. You can also come across the term “monoblock”;
- the spliced type is when the lamella bars are spliced lengthwise.
Within the last group, several more types are distinguished, depending on the layers being fused:
- wood laminated;
- three-layer;
- with plywood inserts;
- with slatted inserts;
- Monoplasts are economical.
The characteristics and dimensions of furniture panels produced by manufacturers may have different effects on the areas of application and calculation of material consumption.
As an example, we can consider the possibilities of a shield on lamellas. In this case, the product may have the following set of characteristics:
- it will be made by connecting the lamellas in length or width. If the design involves laying out the lamellas relative to the width, they can have size ranges in millimeters: 100-110, 70-80, 40-45;
- if the slab was made in one piece, then the length of the sheet can be up to two meters, and if an assembly of lamellas was used, then up to five meters;
- the sheet thickness will be from 18 to 40 mm, but if the project requires, manufacturers can make other necessary options;
- The moisture level varies depending on the type of wood and batch, ranging from 6-12 percent. The optimal level is 8 percent;
- The quality of grinding is expressed in the degree of grit. The acceptable range is from 80 to 120 units.
Based on the characteristics parameters, you can choose best option and dimensions taking into account subsequent finishing and processing of the finished product. Knowing the requirements for materials, you can choose the material wisely and thereby reduce financial costs and consumption. Remember that cheap product options may have shortcomings that will have to be addressed. More quality options are purchased in perfectly prepared condition.
TO important characteristics physical and technical nature, which provides a qualitative advantage of furniture boards over other types of materials, include:
- high quality of compatibility with other types of materials;
- The surface of the boards is polished with high quality, so it is excellent for coating with both opaque and transparent compounds.
Furniture manufacturers choose this type of material when planning to manufacture complex structures, which are characterized by the presence threaded connections, special shapes of cuts and complexity of designs from fittings. Chipboard will not work here, but furniture panels will cope with the assigned tasks perfectly.
Standard sizes
The dimensions of furniture boards are not regulated by GOST, however, manufacturers, when developing internal product standards, are based on consumer demand. Thus, we can say that the minimum possible slab size can be:
- length – 50 mm;
- width – 100 mm.
Despite the seemingly miniature dimensions, such a sheet is in great demand on the market, as it allows you to perform a wide range of tasks during construction and finishing works Oh. The largest shield can reach dimensions of 5000x1200 mm. Such large sizes are ideal when finishing a large area. When purchasing such material, you will need high-quality equipment to make precise cuts.
Standard dimensions of furniture panels (mm):
- 600x1200, 2000, 2400, 2700;
- 500x1000, 1200, 2000, 2400, 2700;
- 400x600, 1000, 1200, 2000, 2400, 2700;
- 300x600, 800, 1000, 1200;
- 250x600, 800, 1000, 1200;
- 200x600, 800.
For convenience, manufacturers often use step-by-step gradation of furniture panel sizes. For example, in the range from 900 to 5000 mm, the length will change in increments of 100 mm.
Standard sizes
Width
The standard width of furniture panels is considered to be 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mm. This parameter determines whether the part will be solid or composite. If the width is planned to be non-standard, then the manufacturer and customer will agree maximum deviations by parameter. At the same time, making a shield from a board with a non-standard width will be more difficult than when using lamella bars. Most common following parameters furniture panels.
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The width of 250 mm is less common; we can say that this width is some deviation from the standard: 250x600, 800, 1000, 1200 mm.
Length
The length parameter of the furniture panel plays a role when it is necessary to calculate the height of the future product. If the base is a board connected along the length, such material will become reliable basis for the body of future furniture.
Furniture board standard length will be equal (in mm):
- 2000, 2400, 2700;
- 1000, 1200;
- 600, 800.
A construction furniture panel is considered to be a product with a length of 2000-4000 mm. Parameters equal to 800 and 2500 mm are also in great demand on the market.
Thickness
When it comes to thickness furniture board, then during its production it is necessary to take into account that the initial thickness of the boards will necessarily undergo planing and grinding, which will take away upper layer material. The so-called 5 mm allowance will be removed in 2 stages. First, external defects are removed, and then the sheet is subjected to finishing so that the surface becomes perfectly smooth.
The thickness is selected depending on the purpose of the parts to be manufactured:
- 16 mm – facades, countertops, body parts, economy class;
- 18-20 mm – standard class. In addition to the above, headboards can be made;
- 30-40 mm – standard and luxury classes. Supporting and body parts, tabletops, seats, armrests.
Thickness is the main category that influences how the material is used. Moreover, the larger the parameter, the more expensive the lumber will be. A high-quality product can withstand a decent load, but if you choose it incorrectly, it is very likely that the shelf or the bottom of the drawer will break under the weight of things.
Custom sizes
Considering that each manufacturer initially approves its own specifications according to which it further standardizes the production of furniture panels, then in this case non-standard sizes those that go beyond the previously regulated framework will be considered. In this case, it will depend on the production capabilities of the enterprise and its equipment.
Not standard sizes will be in demand for individual design projects that go beyond the required parameters in terms of use. An example would be mini options 50x100 mm, or a shield 5000 mm long with standard parameter at 3500 mm.
Small gauge can be used to make decorative or small elements furniture decoration. Large samples are used in the manufacture of cabinet and built-in furniture. Big leaf will be devoid of seams, which means the surface will look as attractive as possible.
Division into classes
As previously mentioned, there is no single GOST regarding the parameters of furniture panels. Each manufacturer, based on the existing standards GOST 8486-86 and GOST 2140-81, has the right to establish their own technical specifications production. Conventionally, furniture panels, regardless of the material, are divided into 4 classes, which can also be called grades;
- C class or Economy - lamella or spliced type shield with minor defects that do not have a significant effect on the overall mechanical properties products. These may be small spots, cracks, knots. Suitable for subsequent veneering and lamination;
- To class - allows only healthy knots to be present on the canvas. Made by splicing lamellas. They do not select textures and shades based on pattern;
- And the class is a spliced shield made of lamellas of the “spike” type. Knots and other wood defects must be absent. Uniformity of tone and character of the pattern are important;
- Extra class - a solid-lamella type shield, without defects and knots. Lamels are selected according to color, tone, texture.
Division into classes
Modern furniture and interior items are not made from natural wood, but from chipboard. This material has many advantages: environmental friendliness, light weight, ease of processing, affordable cost. Chipboard for furniture is sold not only in standard sheets, but also in the form of furniture panels. To correctly select the material for work, you can focus on such groups of shields as all-metal and spliced. The latter are layered, three-layer, with inserts made of plywood and slats. Knowing the optimal parameters, you can choose the option that will have a minimum amount of waste during finishing and processing - this will significantly help reduce financial expenses. It’s not worth saving on the quality of the material, otherwise hidden defects can appear at the most unexpected moment. According to their quality characteristics, furniture panels:
goes well with other types of materials;
They sand well and can be coated with different compounds.
What is a furniture panel
This shield is a universal material of natural origin with minimal wood processing. The raw materials for its production are various edged lumber from coniferous species, in which the humidity percentage is 8% - this guarantees a uniform and strong adhesive connection of the boards. Dry material necessarily undergoes a cross-cutting process, during which various defects are removed - rot, knots, etc. Then the tested raw material undergoes an end-joining process, during which micro-spikes are cut, glue is applied and the end-gluing process occurs under pressure. After processing on all 4 sides and cutting on the machine, the workpieces are processed using a surface planer and grinding machine, after which they are packed in film.
Furniture, cabinet products, furniture facades, doors, partitions, countertops, staircase elements, window sills, elements for finishing work. From furniture panels you can create original design projects that will give each room a natural look and feel. Products made from it have high performance characteristics, are durable and give a feeling of coziness and comfort.
Shield dimensions according to GOST
The dimensions of furniture panels are not regulated by GOST, however, many manufacturers have already developed internal product standards based on consumer needs. Conventionally, 4 classes can be distinguished:
class C - has minor defects, suitable for veneering and lamination;
class B - lamellas have only knots, there is no selection according to pattern and texture;
class A - a spliced type shield, there is a small pattern and a certain tone;
extra class - all-lamella shield with perfect texture.
The minimum dimensions of one slab are 50x100 mm; given its relative dimensions, it is suitable for a wide range of tasks. The largest board has dimensions of 5000x1200 mm, used for finishing large areas.
The dimensions of the shield can be either standard or selected individually for each order. Minimizing the number of cuts and ends is an advantage of the products required sizes. Standard width shields range from 200 to 600 mm, length - from 600 to 2700 mm. Length indicators are necessary to calculate the height of the future product. One more important indicator is the thickness of the shield, which depends on the purpose of the items being manufactured. The thickness can reach from 16 to 40 mm, with up to 5 mm removed during processing. The thicker it is, the more expensive the material itself will cost.
Buy furniture panels at optimal price offers the online store Plywood Monolit, which cooperates with leading Russian manufacturers of plywood from high-quality wood species. The store's catalog presents a wide range of plywood panels of various sizes, which can be purchased without leaving your home. Each client is offered assistance in calculating finishing materials, which also helps to minimize waste and manage the budget correctly.
In this article we will try to figure out what a furniture panel is? What types of furniture are made from it? And how is it produced?
Furniture board is the material from which furniture is made. It is made by gluing parts of the same wood into one piece. In addition, furniture panels are made from waste wood, which is pressed and glued together. The resulting material is used to create cladding panels and furniture.
The most popular material for the production of cabinet furniture can be called chipboard furniture. Chipboard (chipboard) - most often used furniture factories in its production. The main advantages of this material are:
- large surface area (standard sizes 260/183 cm)
- low cost compared to solid wood panels
- lack of clearly defined fiber orientation.
During production process Particleboard is very often laminated, resulting in a laminated furniture panel, and also covered with veneer.
Laminated chipboard furniture board
The lamination process consists of gluing film or paper sheets onto the surface of the slab using resin. The result of this cladding is laminated chipboard. It is perhaps the most accessible material today, which has the widest range of applications. This material is used by all furniture enterprises and furniture manufacturing plants, as well as construction companies, without exception.
Sheets of laminated chipboard are impregnated with melamine resins, which give them strength and resistance to mechanical damage, humidity, temperature difference. But most main reason The reason why this material is so widely used is that with the use of furniture panels made of laminated chipboard, further finishing of walls, ceilings or other elements is not just necessary. This quality has allowed the material to become a leader in the construction and furniture markets. Products made from laminated chipboard sheets are almost not exposed to hot objects, therefore they are used in kitchen sets in the form of countertops, because there are no scratches or marks from a kettle or a hot pan on them.
The qualities of the material make it possible to use it in the production of furniture for office premises, because the size and cost of a laminated chipboard sheet allow you to achieve excellent quality office furniture for a low price that will last for many years and will not dry out.
It is also worth noting that given the simple processing and wide range of shades and coatings, laminated chipboard is a popular material that is used all over the world. The widest range of colors allows you to achieve a shade that matches any type of wood - experts use laminated chipboard to create the most different interiors, from classics to creative projects.
Available sizes of furniture panels made of chipboard
The largest size of a furniture panel is limited only by the format of the chipboard sheet put into sawing. Most often, this is one of standard formats, which relates to the warehouse program and depends on the selected color and required thickness: 2750 by 1830 and 2440 by 1830. Dimensions are always given in millimeters.
However, clients of furniture companies order a wide variety of sizes of furniture panels. The most common:
- 800x200, x300, x400, x500
- 1200x200, x300, x400, x500
- 2400x200, x300, x400, x500
Usually chipboard sheets come in thickness:
- 28 mm
- 25 mm
- 22 mm
- 19 mm
- 18 mm
- 16 mm
- 12 mm
- 10 mm.
Due to its characteristics particle board are widely used both in interior design and in production. For example, during the manufacture work surface for the kitchen, which is covered on top kitchen sets, technology. On the resulting common working area, the laminate film (or paper) is wrapped onto the end of the slab from the main surface. The width of such slabs is most often 60 cm, the length is from three to six meters, and the thickness is from 25 to 35 cm. The tabletop itself can have a surface of different textures, which directly depends on the film. For such working surfaces, strips and slats that match the color are selected to hide the gaps.
Chipboards are also used in the construction industry. Cement is used as a gluing compound for bentonite. The ratio of width to length of the resulting slab is 125 to 320 cm, sheet thickness is 10-40 mm. The material is easy to process, has high fire resistance, and therefore is widely used to create partitions.
Dimensions of furniture panels made of laminated chipboard
As a standard, furniture companies produce sheets of 2800 x 2070, with a width of 16, 18, or 22 mm. When choosing, you need to pay attention to such a parameter as the weight of chipboard or laminated chipboard. For example, sanded sheets can weigh from 58.7 kg to 71.4 kg. This weight is optimal; it makes it possible to easily work with the material, and also provides its necessary strength.
Laminated chipboard (LDSP) today is most often used for the manufacture of office and school, kitchen and children's furniture. Well-known companies produce laminated chipboards rectangular shape, but with different parameters of sheet thickness, length and width. Thanks to the huge variety of formats, furniture makers can choose the right size for literally every product to minimize the amount of waste and trimmings. For example, slabs with a thickness of 16 mm and 18 mm are convenient to use for the manufacture of wardrobes and wardrobes. With a thickness of 25 - 30 mm laminated chipboard sheets will be an excellent material for making countertops kitchen tables and other furniture elements that are subject to high loads. Due to the fact that chipboard is made from natural wood raw materials and contains a minimum amount of formaldehyde, and decorative laminating film is distinguished by a huge variety of shades and textures, this type of material is in well-deserved demand.
Wood has been used by mankind to furnish their lives since time immemorial. The tree turned out to be very convenient, economical and environmentally friendly building material. That's just wooden plank for all its advantages, it had one significant drawback, which was expressed in the fact that the larger its size, the more likely it will be subject to cracking and deformation. Therefore, a furniture panel was invented, which was able to neutralize all these shortcomings.
Definition
Furniture board is a material produced by a production method, consisting entirely of parts natural wood.
Furniture panels are widely used for manufacturing large assortment furniture made from natural solid wood, wooden stairs, as well as various carpentry products for interior decoration various rooms. A special place is occupied by the use of furniture panels as universal finishing material for creating original interiors hotels, cafes, restaurants and fashionable clubs.
First production of glued wooden canvas belong to the early Middle Ages, but the mass industrial production furniture board began in the 70s of the last century.
Production technology
Furniture panels in manufacturing technology are almost no different from the production of other finished products made of wood. And without going into details and details, natural wood shields are made in the following sequence:
- The standing wood is cut into boards of a certain thickness and thoroughly dried to 8-12% residual moisture.
- The dried lumber is then cut on special automatic cutting lines into lamellas (the bars are strictly certain sizes), if the technology provides, then the ends of the wooden blocks are cut into slots to create a more durable longitudinal connection.
- The resulting lamellas are collected on special devices into shields of certain sizes in length and width, fastening bars of wood together lengthwise and crosswise. The joints of the bars are pre-treated adhesive solution to give the future product such necessary properties as solidity and strength. Next, this typed wooden structure compress on all sides with clamps and leave until the glue dries completely for at least two to three days.
- The resulting semi-finished product of future furniture panels does not yet have a smooth surface and correct external dimensions Therefore, the workpieces are processed further on universal four-sided machines. Here the workpiece is planed in both planes and trimmed along the edges to the size of the width of the shield, and then it is trimmed to length.
- At the final stage, the finished furniture panels are sorted and, if necessary, the remaining chips and cracks are repaired using putty in the color of the wood, after which they are sanded on special machines to give the final look.
You can see how furniture panels are made in production in this video
Kinds
Depending on the technology used when assembling lumber blanks, there are the following types furniture panels are:
- with a one-piece fabric design;
- with a spliced web structure, which, in turn, is divided into products:
- with an open spike,
- with closed tenon;
- with single-layer fabric;
- with multi-layer fabric.
According to the method of further use, the produced natural wood canvas is usually further divided into:
- furniture board, which is glued together from lamellas along the entire length of the canvas and has a high-quality surface;
- joiner board with lower quality surfaces that will require finishing.
Classification
Furniture panels are classified according to grade, which is determined by the quality of the surfaces of the fabric.
The variety entry is designated by the letters: A, B, C.
But in practice, the inscription is made in two positions, so the letters A/B mean that the wooden sheet is made with the quality of one surface satisfying type A, and the second surface satisfying type B, and so this is done for each released shield by analogy.
The “Extra” variety has a solid-lamella fabric, in which the lamellas are selected according to the texture pattern, the main color and the overall tonality. Such boards should not have scratches or cracks, and it is not advisable to have knots in them.
Grade “A” is also selected for uniformity of tone and structural pattern, while serious surface defects and many knots are also not allowed.
Grade “B” is already made from spliced lamellas and there is no special selection for tone and uniformity of structure. There should be no obvious defects on the surface and only small cracks are allowed.
Grade “C” may have cracks and chips on the surface, as well as “live” knots. Such furniture panels are usually used in the form of blanks for further lamination or covering with wood veneer.
Colors
The uniqueness of the furniture board production technology is that it can be made from any type of wood that exists in the world. The resulting solid wooden canvas with a natural shade of texture will depend only on the type of wood from which the lumber was made.
The most common and available types trees for making furniture panels are:
- pine, with shades of yellow-whitish sapwood, which during drying may darken slightly, taking on a brownish-red color;
- oak, which has a brownish or yellow-brownish texture with narrow yellow-white stripes;
- birch with color from Ivory to a gray-red hue with a layered texture with small dark wavy lines,
- alder, which can have up to 30 reddish natural shades.
For the production of furniture facades, the following types of wood are often used:
- cherry or sweet cherry with a natural color in dark red tones with green splashes, expressed in the form of a pattern of parallel wavy lines;
- ash, reminiscent of oak structure, only slightly lighter with a matte gray or white tint;
- maple having hardwood with beautiful texture light reddish color.
Dimensions
Manufacturers of furniture panels have tried to cover all areas of use of this universal material. Therefore, we present in the tables only the main standard sizes that are found on today’s market.
Standard sizes of furniture panels glued together from lamellas along the entire length of the canvas.
| Thickness, mm | Width, mm | Length, mm |
|---|---|---|
| 16-18-20 | 200-400-600 | 900 |
| 16-18-20 | 200/600 | 1000-1300 |
| 18-20 | 600 | 1400-4000 |
| 40 | 300-400-600-1100 | 1000-2000 |
| 40 | 400 | 2000-6000 |
| 40 | 600 | 2400-6000 |
| 50 | 300 | 2500-3800 |
Standard sizes of grade “A” carpentry furniture panels.
| Thickness, mm | Width, mm | Length, mm |
|---|---|---|
| 18 | 400 | 1000-3000 |
| 18 | 600 | 3400-4200 |
| 40 | 300 | 3000-3600 |
| 40 | 600 | 3800-6000 |
| 50 | 600 | 2500-4500 |
A wide selection of furniture panels produced in various sizes makes it possible to use them in manufacturing: Scope of application of furniture panels
- staircase structures,
- door panels,
- elements of interior decoration,
- built-in structures.
But the most important purpose of furniture wooden canvas is its use as the main material in the production of furniture from natural solid wood, so they produce from it:
- tables and countertops,
- cabinets and cabinets,
- kitchen facades,
- beds and bedroom sets,
- various elements of furniture decor.
DIY cabinet made from furniture board
One of the advantages of furniture board is its affordability, both in price when purchasing and in the ability to independently use it in the manufacture of home furniture from natural solid wood.
Most a simple product, which requires nothing more than straight profiles, is a cabinet. Now, observing the sequence, let's begin.
- In order to make a cabinet, we need, first of all, to draw a drawing to scale, which will allow us to clearly calculate the need for materials and accessories.
- For work, we prepare the following tools in advance:
- pencil;
- roulette;
- corner 90°;
- a hacksaw for wood, preferably with a fine tooth;
- drill or screwdriver;
- set of wood drills;
- paint brushes;
- sandpaper No. 1.
According to the calculations made, we buy:
- furniture board in quantity taking into account cutting;
- laminated fiberboard or thin plywood for the back wall;
- various accessories ( furniture hinges, holders, ties, door handles and other necessary equipment);
- wood screws ( useful information read about choosing self-tapping screws);
- furniture varnish.
- Strictly according to the drawing, we proceed to cutting out the purchased furniture panels, and do not forget main principle: We measure seven times and cut once.
- We fasten the cut parts with fittings and screws and begin the final assembly.
- After assembly, we clean all dirty places, chips and scratches. sandpaper and varnish in two layers, and it is necessary to take a break between varnishing for at least two days.
You need to know that when working with furniture panels, you must be careful, since an unprotected surface can easily get dirty or scratched.
Watch the video on how to work with furniture panels
Your entire cabinet, made from natural solid wood with your own hands from furniture panels, is ready. And if the experience was successful, you can not stop and make other home furniture.
Life time
Well-processed products and furniture made from high-quality furniture panels can favorable conditions exist without loss of consumer qualities for up to 100 years. It is worth keeping in mind that furniture made from natural solid wood lends itself well to restoration and restoration. For example, there are wood products that are hundreds of years old.