Our brother, the peasant, inevitably has to be able to do everything that is needed in the house. I'm not saying that a man should be able not only to eat, but also to cook, even if a woman cooks excellently. Sometimes you need (and can) surprise a woman: she came, and everything is already ready, just sit down. At worst - not everything, but something very tasty, so that a woman will miss at least once her second (third, fourth...) job, shift, shift, or whatever they call it. Despite the fact that they like to say that they love to cook (some...), but still this (cooking) is not a very simple thing in terms of organization and time. If a man only eats, this spectacle and this fact will someday come out in conversation, and then there will be countless reproaches. Some time will pass, and again we will be inclined in all cases. Who will like it? Therefore... you need to take part in the “process”. Although often you don’t even want to accept it... But you need to understand it too... Not everyone just files their nails. Not everyone.
You will be “well done” if you do something necessary, as they say, “socially useful” - take out the trash (especially on your own initiative), peel onions, potatoes (the list is long). Before this, you can even bring all this from the store, including some chicken (the list is huge). You just need to spend some time together on cooking, cleaning (here is the list again...) And then everything will be OK in the relationship (most often, I hope)
They say women can do anything, but this is not true. If a woman can do everything, then it’s probably worth taking a closer look at her, or better yet, asking her what her man is doing. Or she spoiled him so much that he doesn’t do anything. It’s good if he earns a lot at the same time. But then... Yes, let's not talk about sad things...
But there are things that a woman cannot do. Not women, but a woman. Women can do anything, especially when they are all together. Then they can give one guy a head start. All together... But it happens that a woman is faced with being electrocuted, as it happens to me, and not for the first time, by the way. It’s strange, he hits her, but he doesn’t hit me. Paradox... Elephant skin or something, or drum skin... In short, it doesn’t penetrate me. But her...
But since the thunder struck, we must... not be baptized, but quickly eliminate possible reasons electric shocks. Turning on the voltmeter, I once saw 188 Volts, and after a couple of minutes only 5... It beat between gas stove and a sink in the kitchen. Stainless steel sink... It is possible that some eccentric, with the letter “mu”, they are also sometimes called wise men, put his electricity problems on the water supply system, because he is too lazy to do grounding, and it costs a lot of money. And here I somehow tied the wires to the water pipe, and that was the end of it. Maybe they won't get caught. And who will catch it, who needs it? But on others we have...
I went to Google regarding how grounding should be done correctly, I was interested in what the resistance should be on the grounding loop. The fact is that I had a grounding loop made by my predecessor. Of course, some time has passed, but over time the value of this resistance, according to the rules equal to 0.05 Ohm, unfortunately, does not become smaller.
The laboratory kindly offers to measure this very resistance for only 2000 rubles. And I’m almost sure that this resistance is not 0.05 Ohm.
The solution was born immediately and a long time ago: you need to connect with a thick wire “6 square” those cases between which tension was noticed. Obviously, the wise man turned on his installation for a while, but then only 5 Volts remained. You can try to navigate by these 5 Volts. The most important thing is that now there is time to do this - the problems with the roof have now faded into the background - the workers did the roof, although not everywhere well, but this can already be corrected, because their omissions, which were not reported by me in time after the calculation, become mine. Now I need to pay off, well, you know, with whom... Therefore, now we can fall on... electrical safety, which is what we are doing.
The six-square wire, of course, was purchased a long time ago. I have long ago purchased everything that is needed to correct the consequences of the activities of that possible asshole who created this situation at my sink, which is beating some people... And now I need a trivial thing - to connect an electric sink with the body of a gas and also an electric oven produced by the company I respect, Bosh. . The description, as always, was not in place and on time. I called the store where we bought this miracle stove. The question was: where is the point to which the grounding can be connected in this device? The seller said that you need to connect the ground to the plug, to its ground pin.
To be honest, this contact always seems insufficient to me, somehow ephemeral. Consciousness begins to imagine large currents that can flow through this, in my opinion, frail contact, which is carried out in such a strange way. It’s another matter when there is a petal on the case, or some place where you can connect this very grounding.
But since we are being pushed to take such a step, we have to try, connect to this wire on the plug, which is precisely the grounding contact and the body of our stove is connected to it.
In order to join the sink, you need to create constant contact with the sink. Connecting a clamp with a grounding wire to the sink will be ugly, they will immediately blame me for this, I know this very well. This means you need to drill into the stainless steel to create the connection.
But here’s the problem: stainless steel cannot be drilled, especially from the side direction where this very connection will not be visible. I go to Google with a question: how to drill stainless steel? It turns out that you need to use... and sulfur (?!) for drilling, and in order to prepare all this, you need to mix laundry soap with hydrochloric acid and... Read there how it all becomes complicated, although all this probably should be done this way, but Where should I go for acid in the evening?
Fortunately, someone smart advised to drill, firstly, on very small rpm (this was all advised, advisers from former country Soviets, and what they did not advise, in particular, to use... Soviet drills made of P9 and P18 steels). Well, where can you find them now, in the evening? Everything we have is imported, even... drills.
It is necessary to use drill cooling from oil and other liquids. But I have nothing except a screwdriver and a couple of drills. And the surface that needs to be drilled is located vertically and you cannot lift this very sink in order to provide yourself with at least some convenience, so that you can at least press the screwdriver with the drill... In a word, there is a problem.
And, secondly, a smart person recommended such exotic drilling stuff as... lard. I reached into the refrigerator and didn’t find lard, although I know for sure that we have it somewhere. Let me try, I think... smoked-boiled brisket, which I chew almost every day. Before this, I tried drills, both high-quality German ones and cobalt ones, yellowish in color. All in vain. And the speed changed from minimum to maximum. Nothing helped, we only managed to make a tiny hole on the stainless steel, and then the drills refused to do their job. But I took a piece of brisket, plunged the drill into the place where the fat was, turned on the speed, put the fat on the drill and began to drill my recalcitrant stainless steel with a “cobalt” drill. I had to “gain fat” on the drill a couple more times and, lo and behold! I got a hole in the stainless steel. And the thickness of this stainless steel is just a little bit, but it stubbornly refused to be drilled...
After a couple of minutes, the hole was expanded in the same manner to three and a half millimeters, then a bolt with washers was inserted, and between them a wire, at one end of which a cable lug was pre-soldered for a bolt with a diameter of 4 millimeters. On the other side of the bolt, a lamb was placed so that it was possible to conveniently strengthen contact with the stainless steel of the sink, which turned out to be practically slightly disfigured by the protruding ball head of the bolt. Everything else was hidden in the space under the sink.
Why am I describing all this in such detail? After all, I still need to make a wire on the other side, connecting it to the electric stove. I just wanted to emphasize in this way that such exotic things as salo, in my case played a key role. If lard had not helped, laundry soap and machine oil would have been used (the list is small, alas), but lard helped here too. In general, I really respect lard, especially with streaks of meat, taken from the freezer and thinly cut on a machine
So, if anyone has to drill stainless steel, then this is what you need for success: a sharp new high-quality drill that is harder to the point of dental burs, low speeds and... lard, as... a coolant. (I even looked on the website at how the British drill, or rather, burn holes in stainless steel. But that’s them...)
Well, and then, after everything that has been done, everything that needed to be done, maybe as an appetizer, the Woman won’t beat you, I hope... The winners of the problem are usually not judged. Although, anything can happen...
How and with what to drill through stainless steel? I think you have asked this question more than once. Of course, such a need does not arise often, but when the question arises about drilling stainless steel, most craftsmen are unprepared.
You cannot take stainless steel with ordinary drills, although this primarily depends on your skill and knowledge in this matter. So let's deal with the problem))
Stainless steel differs from ordinary metal in that it is very viscous and when drilling, the drill instantly heats up. That is why the key to successful drilling of stainless steel is drill cooling. To do this, you can use either a special coolant for drills, or unscrew it yourself.
There are a lot of options, for example, you can use oil, which you can easily buy at the pharmacy, as an option - castor oil (ordinary castor oil), if you follow the instructions, then you need to drill stainless steel with oleic acid. And of course, you can use regular machine oil.
When drilling a horizontal surface, take some kind of plug or rubber washer, pour oil into it and drill through it. If you need to drill vertically, for example, a stainless steel sheet is fixed vertically, then you can use paraffin, roll it into a ball and stick it on the drilling site. We drill through it.
When drilling a diameter greater than 6 mm, you need to use the “double” method - this means that first you do not drill with a drill large diameter, then use a drill of the required diameter. For example, if you need a hole with a diameter of 5 mm, then first use a 2-3 mm drill, then 6 mm.
Well, the main one, the most important tool- these are drills. Drills come in different varieties, but in recent years their quality has noticeably deteriorated. If you decide to try to drill stainless steel with ordinary drills made of R6M5 steel, then you are unlikely to be able to make a hole. Although, if the stainless steel sheet is not thick and everything is in order with cooling, then the case may burn out.
For trouble-free drilling of stainless steel High strength drills are used. There are also plenty of options. From personal experience- I believe that the best drills for stainless steel are old ones with a quality mark, with the addition of cobalt. The marking of such drills is P6M5K5. They are very strong, after all, in the USSR the quality mark meant a lot.
Until now, in our store they ask for exactly Soviet drills; of course, you won’t find cobalt drills during the day, but you can find standard P6M5 drills of some diameters.
Also, good results were demonstrated by ancient Sovdepov drills made of the now rare P18 steel. Finding such drills, especially with a quality mark, is now simply unrealistic. However, it is still found in stocks. Such drills sell like hot cakes even at a high price.
What to do if you can’t find Soviet drills, but you need to drill stainless steel? There is a way out, but be prepared to spend more money. Special stainless steel drills from the Ruko company are sold in stores; they have proven themselves to be excellent, but they are quite expensive.
For example, a drill with a diameter of 3 mm costs about 100 rubles. Not weak, to be sure. And large diameters already cost several hundred rubles. The drills are cobalt, although the marking is already imported - HSS-Co DIN338 (Co - cobalt). Its composition is similar to R6M5K5 steel, that is, the percentage of cobalt in the steel is also 5.
Well, the “coolest” version of drills is carbide for metal. They differ from one-sided sharpening, the angle is sharper. True, finding such drills is even more problematic than Soviet cobalt ones.
As an option, if you have some emery at home, you can independently resharpen a regular carbide drill for drilling stainless steel. It's a simple matter if you know how to sharpen drills.
How to drill stainless steel. Anyone who has tried to drill stainless steel knows that it is impossible to drill through it without some tricks. Usually a special lubricant is used for this. It consists of machine oil and a small amount of sulfur. Usually the sulfur used is the one sold in Priroda stores. It has names there: “colloidal sulfur”, “sulfur color” or “sulfur for fumigation”.
The first two are used without preparation; The sulfur for fumigation is finely ground.
A more effective lubricant can be made by mixing sulfur with fatty acids. To obtain acids, they take the lowest grade laundry soap, which is crushed and dissolved in hot water. Excess technical liquid is poured into the soap solution. hydrochloric acid. Fatty acids float. Pour in excess cold water - the fatty acids harden and are easy to separate from the solution. They are washed 4-5 times as follows: placed in a pan, filled with hot water, stirred for 5-7 minutes, cold water added, removed, placed back in the pan, etc.
Fatty acids are mixed with sulfur in a ratio of 6:1 (by weight). One more remarkable property of fatty acids should be noted. If you mix them with rosin (heating over low heat) in a ratio of approximately 1:1 (by weight), you get an excellent paste-like flux for soldering metals with lead-tin solders.
Most often, drilling holes in stainless steel materials entails a number of unpleasant moments. This includes overheating of the drill, overheating of the actual drilling site, and loss of precious time. To avoid all this, you should follow several rules. These rules will help you in making your own stainless steel products, for example, canopies and awnings. So here are these simple tips:
1. Stainless steel has a very tough structure and in order to avoid overheating of the drill, it is necessary to drill only at low speeds and use sharp drills.
2. During the drilling process, it is necessary to cool the drill every 10-15 seconds. This should be done to prevent calcination of the drilling site. Hardened stainless steel is extremely difficult to drill.
3. If you notice that the chips are becoming darker and smaller, then immediately replace or sharpen the drill. This means that the hole is overheating and the drill has become dull.
4. For initial drilling, use drills with the smallest diameter. It is recommended to drill stainless steel first with a four or five, and then drill out to required diameter. This will significantly reduce drilling time.
5. And finally, if the hole area is still hardened, try removing this layer with a well-sharpened drill of a larger diameter, and then drill again with the original one.
By following these simple rules, you will not only reduce the time spent drilling, but also keep your nerves in order.
When doing repairs, many owners have to perform a wide variety of work, among which drilling is quite common. However for high-quality execution For this task, it is necessary to have a suitable drill available. There are no problems with purchasing this device, given that the building materials market offers a large number of their different types.
Therefore everyone House master Anyone who has purchased a drill should also worry about choosing good drills. Otherwise, they will quickly use up their service life, and you will have to spend money on new ones.
In stores you can find a large number of different drills, differing in length, diameter, and material for which they are intended. And even before you start creating a hole on the surface of the structure, you should decide on the appropriate size drill. To avoid mistakes here, it is necessary to take into account the type of work being performed.
Those owners who at least once had to do drilling, I think, tried to understand what material was used to make these devices, what is meant by labeling, driven by the instrument? What makes it possible to create holes on a surface made of the same material from which the drill itself is made?
The efficiency of working with a drill is achieved due to the fact that high-quality and high-strength steel is used as the material for it. But cheap options that are produced on a raw material basis are not able to cope with most of the problems that many owners face.
What does the drill marking mean?
Typically, the marking of a metal drill contains a specific set of letters and numbers. The letter of the main element is usually indicated first, followed by a number that corresponds to the percentage of this element in the material used to produce the drill.
After the first two characters, other elements are often specified.
- P – corresponds to tungsten;
- K - indicates cobalt;
- F - means vanadium;
- M – means molybdenum.
Most often, the labeling does not include the designation of chromium, since this element is mandatory included in raw material, in which its share accounts for about 4%. Among the elements that are missing from the labeling, carbon should be highlighted. Let's say if the drill has marking Р7М6К6, then from it you can understand that the manufacturer used high-speed steel as a material, which contains tungsten in the amount of 7%, molybdenum - 6%, cobalt - 6%.
If you pay attention to domestic products, there is no such information. However, this applies primarily to products whose diameter is less than 2 mm. Devices with a diameter of 2-3 mm contain information about the geometry and grade of steel. Drills that represent other standard sizes have additional data: they also provide the trademark and sometimes the accuracy class of the drilling product.
Each of the offered drills can be designed in one of the following colors:
- bright gold;
- black golden;
- grey;
- black.
You can tell by the golden color that the manufacturer used titanium nitride in the manufacture of the tool. This operation provides such a drill with increased strength characteristics. Working with such a device will ensure less friction between surfaces.
A black golden hue indicates that the raw material contains a temper, the purpose of which is to eliminate internal stress.
By gray color It can be understood that the drill in question has not been finished in order to increase the level of protection and strength of the material. From this we can conclude that this device has low level workmanship, and therefore it is quite will soon fail.
The black color suggests that during the manufacture of the drill, an operation was carried out that involved exposing the product to superheated steam. The benefit of it is to increase its wear resistance.
Advantages of cobalt drills for metal
Prices for cobalt metal drills are 4-5 times higher than regular ones. What makes them so popular among home craftsmen? What merits made them so highly rated?
A distinctive feature of cobalt is heat melting. For this reason, metal drills based on high-quality high speed steel, alloyed with cobalt, perfectly withstand high temperatures and demonstrate improved mechanical properties. They are characterized by the ability to cope with significant thermal loads, for which they do not have to resort to additional cooling. Similar properties of these metal drills are primarily manifested in situations where it is necessary to create holes in high-strength alloy and high-viscosity steels.
Among other properties that cobalt drills for metal have, one should highlight a fairly large sharpening angle of the tip, which is 135 degrees. Thanks to this design of the tip, it becomes possible to drill on smooth round surfaces.
These drilling devices can also be used to create holes on pipes and welds where it is important to meet high precision requirements. An important advantage of such metal drills is that when working with them, the master has to exert less physical pressure on them.
Drilling with a cobalt drill for metal
Even before you start drilling, you should decide the issue with the cutting mode. To clarify, let us inform you that the main parameters that affect such a mode are the following:
Each of the above parameters influence each other, and when choosing them should be considered:
- The material in which the hole needs to be created;
- The material from which the metal drill is made is cobalt;
- Equipment used for work and type of cooling;
- Other factors, which include the degree of surface roughness, contamination, etc.
Features of drilling stainless steels
When creating holes in a stainless steel surface, you have to face problems that boil down to the fact that this material is characterized by sufficient ductility. Therefore, during operation, the drilling product sticks to the working surface, as a result of which the device heats up too much and subsequently fails.
This can be avoided if:
- The problem with heat removal will be solved, for which cooling is used;
- The work will be carried out with drills that the best way cope with heat and have the ability to better remove chips.
The material used for cobalt metal drilling products is high-speed steel HSSCo (M35) or similar marked. The peculiarity of these drills is that during their manufacture, manufacturers incorporated special properties into them that allow them to effectively create holes in difficult-to-cut stainless steels.
R6M5K5 steel contains 5% cobalt, due to which the drill acquires increased red resistance. We are talking about the property of remaining as hard and resistant to wear as in the normal state, under conditions of heating to a red-hot temperature. A similar effect is achieved through heat treatment.
The production process involves the use of more expensive grinding technology. In other words, this device resembles a spiral, where a grinding machine is used to create grooves. This eliminates the appearance of internal tension on the device, while the surfaces remain smooth. This creates more favorable conditions for chip removal.
The upper part of the working device is located at an angle of 135 degrees and is distinguished by the presence of a cross-shaped point. A similar angle is formed by the working edges of the device. It ensures a reduction in the area of the product’s working area. As a result, it is subject to less stress. As for the cross-shaped point at the top, its presence ensures a reduction dead zone between working edges.
How to drill stainless steel with a cobalt drill
If you have equipment at your disposal that allows you to accurately select the optimal speed, feed and provide cooling for working with stainless steel The following parameters are recommended:
Cutting speed. The optimal value would be 10 m/min. The value given will be optimal for drilling most stainless steels. In addition, its use will provide the opportunity to select speeds.
You can determine the speed using the following formula:
n=3180/D, Where
for a drill with a diameter of 1.0 – 3180 rpm;
for drill 5.0 already 636 rpm;
Innings. To calculate this parameter you should also use a simple formula:
0.005-0.01d mm/n,
where d is the diameter of the drill.
To put it more in simple words, in one minute a metal drill with a diameter of 5 mm should create hole 3 mm deep. When working with a metal drill with a diameter of 10 mm, the hole created should have a size of 1.6 mm.
The problem with overheating is solved with the help of oleic acid, which will act as a coolant.
Features of drilling in the field
If a special coolant is not available, you can use it instead. olive oil. Also suitable here is vegetable, in which the proportion of oleic acid content is only 2 times less - 40%. If none of these substances is at hand, then ordinary lard or fat can come to the rescue: their content level oleic acid can reach 44%.
When creating holes, you must set the minimum speed to no more than 200 rpm. Some drill models do not have the ability to select speed. In this case, the problem is solved by using the “on-off” technique, in which a depression in the material is created due to inertia.
Make sure that the feed to the drill is minimal. At the same time, it is important that it is uniform.
Conclusion
Cobalt metal drill bits can help create holes in particularly durable materials, primarily stainless steels. However, to successfully complete this work, it is necessary to take into account a number of nuances. Drilling holes with a cobalt drill bit for metal will not cause you problems if you determine the operating parameters correctly: cutting speed, feed, and also solve the cooling issue. In this case, it will be useful to know how to work with such drills correctly. Then they will become good helpers for you when carrying out repairs.
The question of how to drill any stainless steel at home usually does not arise if you use special drills for this purpose. Along with such drills, which allow you to quickly and efficiently form a hole of the required diameter, it is necessary to use special cooling compounds, as well as strictly adhere to technological parameters.
In production, industrial machines with a coolant supply are used for drilling stainless steel. In the home workshop you have to learn some tricky tricks
Lubricants
Drilling holes in wooden products using a conventional drill may result in failure. This is explained by the fact that steels classified as stainless steel are characterized by increased viscosity, so their drilling, especially when done at home, is accompanied by significant heating of the cutting tool and, as a result, its failure.
In order to drill stainless steel efficiently and quickly, taking into account all of the above, it is necessary to use a cooling material, which, in addition, must have good lubricating properties.
If you need to frequently drill stainless steel, it makes sense to equip the machine with a homemade liquid lubricant supply system (a car pump is suitable as a pump)
The most common composition used as a coolant and lubricant when drilling holes in stainless steel is a solution consisting of machine oil and sulfur. To prepare such a solution, both colloidal sulfur and fumigation sulfur, often called “sulfur color,” can be used.
If the sulfur at your disposal is a fine powder, it can be immediately mixed with machine oil without special preparation. If you purchased lump sulfur, you must first grind it.
You can make drilling stainless steel products more efficient if you use a lubricating-cooling mixture consisting of sulfur and fatty acids, which you can make yourself at home, to perform such an operation. To do this you need to do the following:
- grind a piece of laundry soap (you can use the cheapest one);
- mix the crushed soap with hot water and stir the resulting mixture thoroughly;
- add technical hydrochloric acid to the resulting solution;
- wait until fatty acids begin to rise to the surface of the resulting solution;
- then add a large amount cold water;
- remove the hardened stem of fatty acids from the surface of the solution, which are subsequently used to prepare a lubricating-cooling solution.
Fatty acids obtained during the preparation of drilling fluid are mixed with sulfur in a ratio of 6:1. Using a solution made according to this recipe, you can easily drill a stainless steel product that is even quite thick. Naturally, when performing such a procedure, certain technological recommendations should be followed.
Useful drilling techniques
There are several simple techniques that allow you to quickly and efficiently drill a hole in stainless steel. Let's list the most common ones.
- It is better to drill horizontal stainless steel surfaces by first passing the drill through a lubricating and cooling liquid poured into a rubber washer or plastic stopper installed directly above the location of the future hole.
- If you need to drill a hole in steel stainless surface located vertically, then at the drilling site you can attach a ball made of paraffin, which will provide lubrication of the cutting tool.
- Regardless of whether you will drill stainless steel using a household electric drill or industrial equipment, it is better to carry out such a technological operation at low speeds of the cutting tool (100–600 rpm). The use of even very high-quality fluid for lubrication and cooling will not be able to provide high-quality results when drilling stainless steel, carried out at high speeds.
In order to get a more detailed idea of how to properly drill stainless steel parts, you can study this process in a video.
Problems with drilling at low speeds do not arise if you use a machine or drill that has the option of adjusting this parameter. If there is no such option, then you can drill stainless steel as follows.
- The electric drill starts up in literally 1–2 seconds.
- After a short start, the drill immediately turns off.
This simple technological technique makes it possible to ensure low rotation speeds of the cutting tool, which, in fact, is required for high-quality drilling of stainless steel.
Drill selection
If you need to drill a stainless steel product, the choice of drill, along with the selection of the appropriate lubricant and coolant, as well as the technology for performing the operation, is the most important procedure that determines the quality of the final result. Until recently, cobalt drills were used for drilling stainless steels.
Cobalt drills, which were equipped with cylindrical shanks, were produced from R6M5K5 alloys, and in some cases from R18 steel, in which the amount of cobalt was limited to 5%. The advantages of drills made from an alloy containing cobalt in its chemical composition are that this chemical element gives the tool high hardness, which allows it to drill any stainless steel product quite easily. Regulatory document, in accordance with which such tools were produced, was GOST 10902-77.
Today, these drills are no longer produced by industry, and it is not easy to find them on the market. Meanwhile, modern manufacturers produce many analogues for working with stainless steel, the quality of which is high level. If you choose from such tools, you can pay attention to foreign-made drills that are marked HSS-Co. They are produced according to the DIN 338 standard and are made of steel containing at least 5% cobalt. In fact, the material from which they are made is an analogue of alloys of the R18 and R6M5K5 grades.
A characteristic feature of a drill with the addition of cobalt is a more obtuse sharpening angle to facilitate centering at the beginning of drilling
It is absolutely not necessary to use a cobalt tool to drill stainless steel at home. Drills made of hard alloys also cope well with this task. Such drills for stainless steel differ not only in the material they are made of, but also in very sharp sharpening cutting part (sharpening is done on one side). However, it should be taken into account that they are quite expensive and it is not always possible to purchase them in ordinary hardware stores.
If you need to drill a hole in stainless steel, use a few recommendations that will allow you to complete this procedure without any problems.
- If the thickness of the stainless steel product that needs to be drilled exceeds 6 mm, then it is best to perform this procedure using a double method. The essence of this method is that a small diameter hole is first drilled in stainless steel, and only after that it is drilled out to the required size.
- If the thickness of the product is small (1–2 mm), you can drill a hole in it using a regular metal drill, the cutting part of which is sharpened at an angle of 120°. It is very important to perform the operation at low speeds (up to 100 rpm), then the tool will not overheat too much and will not fail.
- If a hole needs to be drilled in a stainless steel product whose thickness is less than 1 mm, then it is better to use structures for this. The use of such a tool, which can be purchased at many hardware stores, allows you to obtain high-quality holes even in very thin parts.
If you are planning to drill a hole in stainless steel, but have never done this before, do not limit yourself to theoretical information. It is also advisable to watch a video on this topic, which is easy to find on the Internet. Moreover, when taking on a solution such not an easy task, it is advisable to stock up on high-quality cutting tools and related equipment.
2, average rating: 5,00
out of 5)
Special drills for stainless steel and cooling compounds for them allow you to quickly and comfortably make a hole of the required size in stainless steel.
1
Many home craftsmen, accustomed to doing everything at home with their own hands, are very surprised when they are unable to drill a hole in “stainless steel” using a regular drill. Such steel differs from other metals in its increased viscosity, so the drill almost immediately heats up as soon as a person begins to process a product made of a stainless alloy.
This means that the operation can be successful only if you take care of high-quality cooling of the drilling tool.
To cool the device used for drilling holes in stainless steel, a special lubricant composition consisting of sulfur and machine oil is usually used. Sulfur can be used either colloidal or special for fumigation. In construction stores, the latter is sold under the name “for fumigation” (sometimes it may be called “sulfur color”). As a rule, it can be used without any additional preparations. If you purchased sulfur of large fractions, you should first thoroughly grind it and only then mix it with machine oil.
Drilling holes in stainless steel structures will be many times more effective when using a cooling composition made on the basis of fatty acids and the same sulfur. You don’t need to buy these acids anywhere; make them yourself. To do this, take the cheapest laundry soap, grind it, and then pour the resulting mixture into hot water. Hydrochloric acid is added to this composition and waited until the fatty acids we need begin to float to the surface.
As soon as the acids rise to the top, you need to pour cold water into the container where the operation is performed (there is no need to spare it, the more you pour, the better). As a result, the fatty acids will begin to solidify, and they can be removed from the surface of the liquid without the slightest difficulty. The voiced process for isolating the required compounds (soap in hot water– cooling – removal of acids) can be repeated several times (3–5).
Mixing fatty compounds with colloidal or “fumigating” sulfur is carried out in a six to one ratio. That is, for one part of sulfur you need to add six parts of acids. Professionals assure that with such a cooling composition it will not be difficult to drill through “stainless steel” of any thickness (if, of course, you follow other recommendations, which we will discuss below).
2
In cases where holes are drilled in a horizontal plane, it is recommended to pour the prepared cooling liquid into a small rubber washer or plug and carry out the procedure through it. During processing vertical structures You can attach a paraffin ball to the drilling holes. This will greatly facilitate the process - you can easily drill a product that is in an awkward spatial position.
Another feature of drilling holes in stainless steel is that either electric drill that are used to carry out the procedure must be set to minimum speed. Their number can vary from 100 to 600 per minute. If you set a higher number of revolutions, even a high-quality lubricant will not be able to effectively cool the working tool.
When using a drill equipped with an electronic regulator, it is easy to set the required speed. More problems occurs when there is no such regulator on the instrument. But even in such a situation, there is a way out: start the electric drill for a short time (literally for 1–2 seconds); Press "Start" immediately. In such a short time, its collector motor will not be able to gain high speed.
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You have prepared the cooling lubricant, studied all the recommendations for properly drilling stainless steel, and now you can move on to the most important thing - selecting a special drill. Without it, you won’t be able to drill through stubborn metal. IN Soviet times Cobalt shank drills have always been used for working with stainless steel cylindrical R6M5K5. They were made according to State standard 10902–77. P18 drills with a cobalt content of five percent were also used.
Nowadays it is almost impossible to find such devices for drilling holes. But this is not a problem, since the construction market offers us a lot of their foreign analogues. Imported drilling tools are produced according to DIN 338 and are marked HSS-Co, from which it becomes clear that the drill material contains at least five percent cobalt (similar to P18 and P6M5K5). It is cobalt that gives the tool the required hardness and makes it relatively easy to drill stainless steel.
In addition, carbide metal drilling tools demonstrate a good effect in processing stainless alloys. Such drills are characterized by an acute sharpening angle (it is done on one side). But they are not easy to purchase; not all hardware stores sell them. And the cost of such devices is objectively high.
Some tips on drilling stainless steel:
- If you are drilling thick steel (more than six millimeters), it is advisable to perform the process using a double method. Its essence is that you first need to make a small “hole” with a drill with a small diameter and only then use a tool with the required cross-section.
- Drilling of products with a thickness of 1–2 millimeters can be done at normal speeds (up to 100 per minute), but provided that cutting edge This tool is sharpened to approximately 120 degrees.
- Processing of stainless steel less than one millimeter thick should be carried out with step drills, which ensure perfect round holes without burrs at their ends.
Very few basics at the beginning.
Before work, you must select the cutting mode. What it is?
Elements of the cutting mode when drilling there are 3 main parameters:
Cutting speed when drilling, it is conventionally the peripheral speed (the speed of a point located on the surface) of the drill relative to the workpiece. ( In simple terms: "how fast the drill rotates", or the number of revolutions per minute depending on the diameter of the drill.) For example, the same cutting speed of 20 m/min is achieved if a drill with a diameter of 1.0 is rotated 6366 times per minute (rpm), and a drill with a diameter of 10.0 - 637 times per minute.
Innings
- the amount of movement of the drill in the direction of the drilling axis per revolution in mm/rev (how quickly the drill immerses into the material).
Torque, perceived by the drill when cutting (what torsional load the drill experiences during operation).
These three parameters are mutually determining and their choice depends on:
-processed material;
- the material of the drill itself;
-equipment on which work is performed and type of cooling;
- other factors (surface roughness, contamination, etc.).
ABOUTfeatures of drilling stainless steels
The main feature (difficulty) when working with stainless steel is related to its ductility. As a result, a kind of sticking occurs on the working surface of the drill, which leads to overheating of the tool and its failure.
Therefore it is important:
- provide heat removal using cooling;
- use drills that are more resistant to heat and allow better chip removal.
Cobalt drills made of high-speed steel HSSCo (M35) or similar designations (HSSCo5, HSSE, P6MK5), these drills are specially designed and recommended for drilling difficult-to-cut and stainless steels.
1. The composition of R6M5K5 includes 5% cobalt, which significantly increases the red-hardness of the drill - the ability to maintain high hardness and wear resistance obtained as a result of heat treatment when heated to red-hot temperatures.
2. The drill is made using more expensive grinding technology - i.e. the drill is not twisted into a spiral (like rolled drills), and the grooves are formed on grinding machine. As a result, there is no internal tension in the drill, and the surfaces are smooth, which significantly improves chip yield (important when drilling stainless steel).
3. The apex angle is 135 degrees with a cross-shaped point. This is the angle between the working edges of the drill (i.e., unlike conventional metal drills, cobalt drills look more “blunt”). This angle reduces the area of the drill’s working area, which reduces the load on it, and the cross-shaped point at the top reduces the dead zone (in this place the drill bears the greatest load) between the working edges.
How to drill regular stainless steel with a cobalt drill
If you can provide the correct cutting conditions,
those. if you have a machine on which you can definitely set speed, flow and provide cooling, then we simply choose for stainless steel:
Cutting speed V=10m/min is recommended by most manufacturers for working with stainless steels and is necessary for selecting speed.
Then the revolutions can be calculated using the formula:
n=3180/D
for a drill with a diameter of 1.0 – 3180 rpm,
for drill 5.0 already 636 rpm
Innings: 0.005-0.01d mm/n, where d is the diameter of the drill. This means that in one minute a drill with a diameter of 5 mm should drill a hole with a depth of about 3 mm, and a hole with a diameter of 10 mm is already 1.6 mm.
Cooling:It is recommended to use oleic acid as a coolant.
If you work with an ordinary drill in " field conditions»
For cooling, you can take olive oil (it contains 81% oleic acid) or sunflower oil - up to 40%, and if it is absolutely impossible to use liquid, then you can use lard or fat - they contain up to 44% oleic acid.
Drill at minimum speed (100-200 rpm). If the drill does not allow you to set the speed, use the on/off method and drill by inertia.
Only the minimum feed (pressure on the drill), while trying to ensure a uniform feed.
Very useful to know
1. It is a grave mistake to cool the drill by dipping it in water or something else (i.e., drill “dry” and then dip it, etc.). By these actions you instantly damage the drill. Rapid heating and cooling leads to unpredictable consequences, a kind of uncontrolled tempering or hardening.
2. Cobalt drills do not have to be yellow (bronze), cobalt is not a coating, it is part of the high-speed steel from which the drill is made. The coverage is either: additional protection from corrosion, either it improves gliding, or it’s just an image move by the manufacturer.
3. The given recommendations are valid when working with ordinary stainless steel, they have Additional features when drilling thin sheet stainless steel.
The peculiarity of this steel is its increased viscosity. Therefore, a conventional tool overheats almost immediately, and it is impossible to work without effective cooling. And its organization in some cases is a rather complicated process. For example, if drilling is carried out in a horizontal plane, that is, vertically oriented samples. How to proceed? One of optimal options– work with a cobalt drill. We will look at the features of such a tool and its types.
Cobalt drills are used not only when working with stainless steel. They are quite versatile, and their use is advisable in many cases: when drilling metals and high-strength alloys; differing in viscosity; and also when the requirements for the accuracy of the operation are specifically specified.
Tool Features
- Material – high-speed steel only.
- Coating cutting parts drills with element Cº (27th position in the periodic table) allows in most cases to work without artificial cooling.
- The standard angle (at the apex) is 135º.
Cobalt drills - general characteristics
- Even perfect drilling possible without pre-countersinking smooth surfaces. When positioned vertically, the tool does not “go away” to the side. As they say, it is self-centering.
- The hole is obtained with absolutely exact dimensions, without burrs and other defects, which is typical for drilling with conventional tools. Risk of “biting” the stainless steel in work area excluded.
- Cobalt drills are characterized by increased wear resistance.
- The drilling speed almost doubles compared to traditional analogues.
Types of cobalt drills
Unilateral
Double sided
The advantage is that essentially 1 product is 2 drills. In case of breakage (or dulling) of the edges on one side, the tool is quickly reinstalled, and work continues without any delay in searching for a new sample.
Cost of cobalt drills
Approximate data (in rubles/pcs) for the Moscow region. For cobalt drills with a cylindrical shank. Dimensions – in mm.
The range of this instrument is quite impressive, and it is impossible to list it completely. The price depends primarily on design features cobalt drill (single or double sided), diameter and length (total and working). A few examples for single-sided samples will help the reader get some idea of pricing.
R6M5K5
- (0,5 – 0,9) – 27.
- (1 – 2) – 29.
- (2,1 – 3) – 30.
- 4 – 45.
- 5 – 54.
- (6 – 6,5) – 69.
- 9,0 – 193.
H.S.S.
From 25 rubles (1.0).
Cobalt drills, which were produced back in the USSR, were considered one of the most reliable. They were marked R6M5K5 and fully complied with the requirements of GOST No. 10902 of 1977. Nowadays it is quite difficult to find them on sale, since only a small number of enterprises are engaged in production. But it can be replaced with imported analogues (under the brands “Ruco”, “Bosch” or others). For example, HSSCo5 (according to the Western classification DIN 338R). The last symbols in the designation (K5 or Co5) indicate the percentage of the element cobalt. This is what you need to pay attention to first.
Practitioners claim that tungsten drills are even more effective when working with stainless steel. But they have a significant disadvantage - fragility. Even a slight play in the chuck will negatively affect the usability of the drill - it will not last long. Considering its cost, you should consider whether it makes sense to purchase this product if you intend to work household tool(perforator, electric drill), also worn out.
Judging by the reviews on “metal” forums, there is another problem with tungsten drills. Sharpening them requires professional “eyes and hands.” Can everyone boast of this? So it turns out that for most of us such a tool is disposable.
When working with a cobalt drill on stainless steel, it is preferable to choose low speeds. This increases the accuracy of the operation and reduces wear.
A big mistake is made by those who, when drilling, practice the same technique as when using a conventional drill. Cobalt should not be regularly immersed in oil or water - it will quickly become unusable. This instrument does not require additional cooling.
Stainless steel is widely used in household and industrial applications to create various items due to its significant amount positive qualities. It is an alloy various materials, which gave the stainless steel resistance to corrosion and aggressive environments. Based on their percentage, it is possible to create different types of material in the alloy.
At home, items from the so-called food grade stainless steel, taps and mixers, sinks and sinks in the kitchen, tableware and other things. Therefore, it is often necessary to drill through stainless steel for some purpose. However, you should prepare for the process. That is, study the recommendations of more experienced craftsmen if the procedure is being performed with your own hands for the first time, and also select suitable drills and lubricants.
In addition to experience, you will need a bit of sensitivity and attentiveness. This is far from the only thing a master needs. What helps most when drilling is lubricating fluid, without which the master risks damaging the drills and the material. The lubricant consists of machine oil and sulfur, so it is easily recognized by its viscous form and increased fat content. Except the right choice material, you need to know some features of how to drill a hole in stainless steel.
Nuances when drilling
What needs to be done is to decide on a tool. What exactly to use depends on the diameter of the holes needed. If up to 12 mm, then at home you can use a hand drill.
Nothing else will help you drill holes in stainless steel as efficiently as preliminary marking. It is especially effective when making single holes or processing hardened and sheet metal. Axial marks are applied to the workpiece under the drill, and then a small recess is made in the product. Later they are deepened to the required size.
A template is another thing that will help save time when drilling, because the contours of the holes are pre-marked on it. Craftsmen have to resort to tricks when the work is done from the edge of the surface. Usually, half-holes are needed here, which are made as follows: a plate of the same material is attached to the workpiece, which is clamped in a vice. After which you can drill out a standard recess, and upon completion of the work, simply remove the attached plate.
Useful drilling techniques
Every master who has gotten his hand in this business has a couple tricky tricks, significantly simplifying the drilling process. Many videos and photos on the site will clearly demonstrate what needs to be done and how.
First of all, you should pay attention to what plane the working surface. When you need to drill a hole in a horizontal object, coolant is poured into a small plug, through which drilling is carried out.
If the structure is installed vertically, then a paraffin ball is attached to the site of the future hole. Thanks to this trick, you can quickly get the job done even in the most inconvenient places.
Another important nuance Something to remember when planning to drill stainless steel is to set the drill to minimum speed. To obtain standard holes, a speed of up to 150 revolutions is sufficient. If the speed is too high, the lubricant simply will not have time to cool the drill.
What to do with equipment that does not have a speed switch? Press the “Start” button and release after 1-2 seconds. If you work with such short presses, the drill motor will not develop high speed.
If you have to drill a lot and often into stainless steel, you should buy a special stand for the drill. Financially, the expenses will be small, and the process will be significantly simplified.
You can determine that the drill is dull or the material is overheated by the darkening of the chips. Therefore, skilled craftsmen first use small-diameter drills, for example, a four-piece. Then the hole is brought to the right size, obtaining smooth and neat edges. This is especially important when drilling stainless pipes. In this case an ideal result can only be achieved using a special stepped cone drill. When it is necessary to make a hole of a large diameter, from about 15 millimeters, a crown hole is used, in other words, a crown.
Use of lubricants
To prevent the procedure from ending in failure, you need to use cooling materials. The thing is that stainless steel has high viscosity. During operation, the load falls simultaneously on the drill and the material, as a result of which overheating of either one or the other may occur. Therefore, it is so important to consider how to cool the instrument.
When you have to drill a lot, it makes more sense to attach it to the machine automatic feeding lubricants. If drilling is a single and rare case, then the drills are processed immediately before drilling. As lubricant use a mixture of machine oil and sulfur. In this case, sulfur can be taken both colloidal and for fumigation, well known as “sulfur color”.
If it was purchased in powder form, then the substance is simply mixed with machine oil. When the sulfur is lumpy, it still needs to be ground. An effective cooling lubricant is a mixture of sulfur and fatty acids, which can be obtained at home from ordinary laundry soap.
To do this, perform the following steps:
- a bar of soap is rubbed, and the resulting mass is poured with hot water;
- technical hydrochloric acid is carefully poured into the soap solution;
- when fatty acids float to the surface, pour in cold water;
- wait until they harden and remove the top layer.
When creating a cooling material, fatty acids and sulfur are taken in a 6:1 ratio. The effort and time spent are justified, because this composition will help drill through even the thickest stainless steel.
Drill selection
Choosing a reliable drill – important stage in preparation for drilling. On sale you can find foreign tools manufactured according to the DIN-338 standard and marked HSS-CO. It makes it clear that the composition contains at least 5% cobalt, as in old Soviet drills. You can recognize a stainless steel product by its obtuse sharpening angle, which makes alignment easier when starting work. Such a tool is easy to obtain in any specialized store at an affordable price.
As for carbide tools, they are suitable for processing stainless surfaces and products made from this material. But problems may arise with its purchase, since such drills are not available in every hardware store, plus they are much more expensive.
When choosing tools, you should purchase only high-strength products. You can look for old cobalt drills, which are still considered the best. If you fail, then you should stick to products from Ruko, Bosch, Gross, Hilti, which are available in most stores. The price depends on the diameter, for example, a 3 mm tool can be bought for about 100 rubles. The larger the diameter, the higher the price. It will not be difficult for real craftsmen to adjust the angle of a conventional drill if they have a diamond wheel at home.